{"id":4223,"date":"2026-05-01T10:44:45","date_gmt":"2026-05-01T10:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/aphrodite\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:58","slug":"aphrodite","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/aphrodite\/","title":{"rendered":"Aphrodite"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4223\" class=\"elementor elementor-4223 elementor-2253 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbd3be7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fbd3be7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7557aab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f7557aab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-926487f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"926487f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93283481 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93283481\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite, Goddess of the Greek Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-aae74b00-3e6264b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-aae74b00-3e6264b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aae74b00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aae74b00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Olympian goddess of love, beauty and desire. Aphrodite belongs to the twelve principal deities of the Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> and stands at the centre of all myths concerned with eros, longing and marital bonds.<\/p><p>Born from the foam of the sea or handed down as the daughter of Zeus, she unites two birth myths that mark different spheres of function: the cosmic primal power of desire (Aphrodite Urania) and her integration into the Olympian order (Aphrodite Pandemos).<\/p><p>Aphrodite is the Olympian goddess of love, of beauty and of erotic attraction.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1e9ef85 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e1e9ef85\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-481a11a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"481a11a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: Personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear areas of responsibility, forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, offerings and temple institutions.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/greece\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religion and mythology of ancient Greece from the Mycenaean period to late antiquity.\">Greece<\/a><a href=\"\/en\/protective-deities\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Protective deities, guardians of house, city, births, journeys or stages of life.\">Protective Deity<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a038c392 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a038c392\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d5a81b8 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"3d5a81b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__3d5a81b8\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__3d5a81b8\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__3d5a81b8\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-447a90d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"447a90d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-011daee6 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"011daee6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_aphrodite.webp\" title=\"\" alt=\"Aphrodite \u2014 G\u00f6ttin der Liebe und Sch\u00f6nheit\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9561beb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e9561beb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3164c7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5a3164c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73914c55 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"73914c55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9583771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9583771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b2e8814 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b2e8814\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-046911f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"046911f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick Overview: Aphrodite<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57a095e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"57a095e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Principal Olympian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, goddess of love and beauty<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Greece (Olympus)<br>Function: Eros, beauty, courtship, marriage, fertility of vegetation<br>Main attributes: shell, doves, roses, golden mirror, kestos himas (girdle of seduction)<br>Main <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Paphos (Cyprus), Knidos, Kythera, Corinth<br>Roman counterpart: Venus<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfad9763 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dfad9763\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3787ada elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b3787ada\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3b2c6f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3b2c6f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c17856c4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c17856c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-584b6ef1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"584b6ef1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d67cbad5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d67cbad5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aphrodite myths are attested in literature from Homer onward (8th century BC); archaeologically, precursors, a Cypriot goddess of love and fertility with roots in the Phoenician Astarte, can be traced back as far as the 12th century BC. Hesiod&#8217;s Theogony and the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite shape the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> image.<\/p><p>In Roman times she merges as Venus with the Italic goddess of vegetation and becomes the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ancestor venerated in many cultures as a protective power.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancestral<\/span> mother of the gens Iulia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-405187bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"405187bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20d495de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20d495de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of Diffusion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76055492 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"76055492\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The centres of the Aphrodite cult are Cyprus (Paphos, Idalion, Amathus; the island was regarded as her birthplace), Kythera, Corinth, Knidos in Asia Minor (with the famous Aphrodite of Praxiteles), Athens and Sicily. With the Roman reception as Venus, her sphere of influence extends across the entire empire.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caf60bd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"caf60bd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a23ef877 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a23ef877\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e34886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"84e34886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the Sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e97de72e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e97de72e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The core consists of the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, Hesiod&#8217;s Theogony (birth <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>), Sappho&#8217;s lyric poetry (personal invocations) and the poetry of Anacreon. Added to these are inscriptions from Paphos and Knidos, Attic vase painting, the Knidian Aphrodite of Praxiteles and Roman receptions (Lucretius, Virgil). Later systematic sources: Apollodorus, Pausanias.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7eaacfd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a7eaacfd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d4e4439a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d4e4439a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and Variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65dbf4a5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"65dbf4a5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6bf4340 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6bf4340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Greek:<\/strong> Aphrodite. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> folk etymology derives the name from <em>aphr\u00f3s<\/em> (\u201cfoam\u201d) and connects it with the birth myth. Modern scholarship favours Phoenician roots via Astarte and Asherah.<\/p><p>Epithets: <em>Urania<\/em> (heavenly Aphrodite), <em>Pandemos<\/em> (communal, common), <em>Anadyomene<\/em> (she who rises from the water), <em>Cypria<\/em> (the Cypriot), <em>Cytherea<\/em> (she of Kythera), <em>Areia<\/em> (the warlike, in Sparta). In Homer also <em>chrys\u00e9<\/em> (the golden) and <em>philomeid\u00e9s<\/em> (the laughing). <strong>Roman:<\/strong> Venus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0bcbc8c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e0bcbc8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f34924e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0f34924e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9253fa60 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9253fa60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c038cbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c038cbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Appearance<\/strong><\/p><p>Aphrodite is depicted as a young woman of perfect beauty, often half or fully unclothed; the famous Aphrodite of Praxiteles at Knidos (4th century BC) is regarded as the first fully nude depiction of a goddess in Greek art and became an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> \u201cplace of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span>\u201d.<\/p><p>In the archaic period she appears more often clothed, in a flowing peplos and veil; in the classical and Hellenistic periods increasingly disrobed.<\/p><p><strong>Attributes<\/strong><\/p><p>Shell (birth myth; the Aphrodite Anadyomene rises from a shell), doves or swans (the animals that draw her chariot), roses, myrtle, golden mirror, the kestos himas (an elaborately embroidered girdle of seduction that makes anyone desirable), pomegranate. Companions: Eros (often depicted as her son), the three Charites (Graces), Peitho (persuasion), Himeros (desire), Pothos (longing).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd233866 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dd233866\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243b37b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"243b37b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Aphrodite<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01d9afbd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01d9afbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dcbee94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dcbee94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Aphrodite at a glance. The table summarises origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d27628c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d27628c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e362ce1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e362ce1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f370a085 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f370a085\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2c13623 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2c13623\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Origin<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cbc1cd8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0cbc1cd8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Two competing birth myths: according to Hesiod (Theogony) she arises from the sea foam that forms from the genitals of Uranus cut off by Cronus, making her older than the Olympian generation.<\/p><p>According to Homer (Iliad) she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. The tension between the two myths reflects the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> distinction between Aphrodite Urania (heavenly, cosmic) and Aphrodite Pandemos (communal, Olympian).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2ad7be iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba2ad7be\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e6f6ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f2e6f6ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Function<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85dce3e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"85dce3e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Patroness of eros, beauty, courtship and marriage. Beyond the purely erotic sphere she is also a goddess of vegetation (spring, blossom) and, in some local traditions, warlike (Aphrodite Areia in Sparta, presumably an old legacy of the Phoenician Astarte).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-718fb312 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"718fb312\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d8c26d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d8c26d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Appearance<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da5d53c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da5d53c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A young woman of perfect beauty with golden hair, in flowing robes or unclothed. Frequently with a mirror and a rose; doves at her feet or in her hair. Accompanied by Eros and the Charites. In the Anadyomene <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> she rises from an opened shell or from the water.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c59831e1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c59831e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1629e677 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1629e677\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40a75bf4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"40a75bf4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Veneration<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c707016a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c707016a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Main cult sites: <strong>Paphos<\/strong> on Cyprus (birthplace, a cult stone as pictorial <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, aniconic veneration as in the Phoenician <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>), <strong>Knidos<\/strong> (the Praxiteles statue as a destination for ancient pilgrimage), <strong>Kythera<\/strong>, <strong>Corinth<\/strong> (with a contested <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> of \u201c<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> prostitution\u201d, critically debated in scholarship), <strong>Athens<\/strong>.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, a request or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">Offerings<\/span>: doves (the main sacrificial animal), roses, incense, and in Corinth also cocks.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d494a2d iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6d494a2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb839d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"beb839d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Symbols<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2955781f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2955781f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shell, doves, swans, roses, myrtle, the <em>kestos himas<\/em> (girdle of seduction), golden mirror, pomegranate. Also the apple, linked through the Judgement of Paris with the Trojan War.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ccc1dab9 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ccc1dab9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-521c52e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"521c52e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite's Parallels<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8188e19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f8188e19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Venus (Rome), Turan (Etruscans), Astarte (Phoenicia), Inanna and Ishtar (Mesopotamia), Hathor and Isis (Egypt), Freyja (Germanic), and in part Lakshmi (Hinduism). The Phoenician Astarte is regarded as the direct source deity for the Cypriot tradition.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ade6ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"41ade6ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8ee054f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8ee054f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Veneration in Everyday Life<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df87290e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df87290e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cbc49a42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cbc49a42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aphrodite was strongly present in both private and public life. Unlike Zeus, she was a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> who was called upon directly in personal matters: before a wedding, in the sorrow of love, in concerns about fertility.<\/p><p>Girls <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> toys and locks of hair to her before marriage, women dedicated mirrors and jewellery. Men asked her for success in courtship. In lyric poetry, especially in Sappho&#8217;s invocations, she appears as an immediately approachable adviser in the distress of love.<\/p><p>In the public <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> her great festivals, the <strong>Aphrodisia<\/strong> on Cyprus and in Athens, took place in spring, often with processions, animal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifices<\/span> (doves) and feasts. The Knidian Aphrodite statue drew <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> educational travellers from across the Mediterranean; Pliny reports special structures that made it possible to walk around the statue.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deabc948 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"deabc948\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e7e2865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e7e2865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite, Parallels in Other Cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db15e063 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db15e063\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-165d6eab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"165d6eab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Roman Tradition<\/h3><p>Venus takes over most of Aphrodite&#8217;s functions and is politically charged through the claim of the Julii (Caesar, Augustus) to descend from her as their ancestral mother. In the Aeneid, Virgil makes her the divine mother of Aeneas and thereby the ancestress of Rome.<\/p><h3>Phoenician-Cypriot Tradition<\/h3><p>Astarte and Aphrodite are barely separable in the Cypriot <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>. The oldest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuaries<\/span> at Paphos show a cult stone (omphalos-like) that suggests an imageless veneration as in the Phoenician <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>. Astarte inscriptions from Idalion and Kition attest the continuity.<\/p><h3>Mesopotamian Tradition<\/h3><p>Inanna (Sumer) and Ishtar (Akkad\/Babylon), as goddesses of love and war, share with Aphrodite the connection of eros and aggression as well as the mythical motif of the dying beloved (Tammuz\/Adonis). The Adonis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> travels directly via Cyprus and Syria into the Greek Aphrodite circle.<\/p><h3>Egyptian Tradition<\/h3><p>Hathor, as a goddess of love, music and fertility, is identified syncretistically with Aphrodite in the Hellenistic period (Hathor-Aphrodite in Alexandria). Isis too takes on Aphrodite-like features in the Roman imperial era.<\/p><h3>Germanic Tradition<\/h3><p>Freyja shares with Aphrodite the protective function over love and fertility, but more strongly adds the warlike and death-related dimension (sharing the fallen with Odin).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64cb6305 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"64cb6305\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b06bbb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7b06bbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af214753 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af214753\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dadd784d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dadd784d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/eros\/\">Eros, son of Aphrodite<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/ishtar\/\">Ishtar, Mesopotamia<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/hathor\/\">Hathor, Egypt<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/freyja\/\">Freyja, Germanic<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/high-deities\/\">High Deities, sub-category<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54357b4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"54357b4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90503dbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90503dbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature (Selection)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-613f48ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"613f48ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53ff8de6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"53ff8de6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Graf, Fritz: <em>Griechische <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>. Eine Einf&uuml;hrung<\/em>. D&uuml;sseldorf 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Pirenne-Delforge, Vinciane: <em>L&#8217;Aphrodite grecque<\/em>. Athen\/Li&egrave;ge 1994 (Standardwerk).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Rosenzweig, Rachel: <em>Worshipping Aphrodite. Art and Cult in Classical Athens<\/em>. Ann Arbor 2004.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &bdquo;Aphrodite&ldquo;). Stuttgart 1996ff.<\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Beschreibung Griechenlands<\/em> (Buch 2, Korinth; Buch 8, Mantineia).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21a93505 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"21a93505\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-615de9fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"615de9fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#top\" class=\"iwg-back-to-top\" aria-label=\"Back to top\">\u2191<\/a>\r\n<script>\r\n(function(){\r\n var btn = document.querySelector('.iwg-back-to-top');\r\n if (!btn) return;\r\n var threshold = 400;\r\n function update(){\r\n if (window.scrollY > threshold) {\r\n btn.classList.add('is-visible');\r\n } else {\r\n btn.classList.remove('is-visible');\r\n }\r\n }\r\n window.addEventListener('scroll', update, {passive:true});\r\n btn.addEventListener('click', function(e){\r\n e.preventDefault();\r\n window.scrollTo({top:0, behavior:'smooth'});\r\n });\r\n update();\r\n})();\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad26c3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpad26c3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6e86f5d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6e86f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Two Birth Myths and Their Interpretation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa015b26 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa015b26\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea358fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpea358fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> knows two different accounts of Aphrodite&#8217;s origin, and even <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> authors noticed this contradiction. The first appears in Hesiod&#8217;s <em>Theogony<\/em>. There Aphrodite arises from the foam of the sea that forms around the genitals of the castrated Uranus thrown into the water.<\/p><p>She rises from the sea at Kythera and then at Cyprus, which is why she bears the epithets <em>Kythereia<\/em> and <em>Kypris<\/em>. This version makes her one of the oldest deities of all, older than Zeus and the Olympian generation.<\/p><p>The second account, which appears among others in Homer, calls Aphrodite a daughter of Zeus and Dione. Here she is a regular Olympian of the younger generation of gods.<\/p><p>In his <em>Symposium<\/em>, Plato turned this twofold ancestry into a philosophical distinction: the <em>Aphrodite Urania<\/em>, the heavenly one, who stands for a higher, spiritual love, and the <em>Aphrodite Pandemos<\/em>, the common one, responsible for physical love.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religious studies<\/span> today interpret the two myths less as a contradiction than as an indication of different layers of origin. The foam birth, with its firm connection to Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean, is often associated with the influence of Near Eastern goddesses such as <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/ishtar\/\">Ishtar<\/a> and the Phoenician Astarte.<\/p><p>Cyprus was a hub between the Greek and the Near Eastern world, and the Aphrodite cult there, especially in Paphos, is regarded as an important link. The integration into the Olympian lineage would then be the later attempt to place an originally foreign or independent goddess into the Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpef0af4c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpef0af4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp60292ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp60292ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eastern Roots and the Cult on Cyprus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3deb6a4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3deb6a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb718b26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb718b26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aphrodite&#8217;s connections to the eastern Mediterranean are a central theme of scholarship. Several of her traits point beyond the genuinely Greek world of gods. These include the connection with war that appears in some cults, for example in Sparta, where Aphrodite was also depicted armed.<\/p><p>They include the close bond with a dying and returning beloved, the beautiful Adonis, whose very name derives from the Semitic word for lord. Such motifs have counterparts in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of the Mesopotamian Ishtar and her beloved Dumuzi, as well as in the Syrian-Phoenician Astarte.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> of Paphos on Cyprus was one of the most famous of the ancient world. It is remarkable that the goddess was long venerated there not in human form but in the form of a conical stone, a cult form reminiscent of Near Eastern models.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ancient<\/span> authors report a rich cult operation with its own priesthood. Kythera too, the second island of her birth <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An edifying narrative, usually about the lives of saints.\" tabindex=\"0\">legend<\/span>, lay on an old sea trade route.<\/p><p>Older scholarship sometimes concluded from these observations that Aphrodite was simply an imported oriental goddess. More recent work judges more cautiously. It emphasises that the Greek Aphrodite emerged from a long encounter of different traditions and that there is no single point of origin.<\/p><p>In his studies on the cultural exchange between the Orient and Greece, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"German scholar of religious studies (1931 to 2015); principal work Greek Religion (1977).\" tabindex=\"0\">Walter Burkert<\/span> worked out this interweaving. What is certain is that Aphrodite stands at the interface between the Greek and the Near Eastern religious world, and that her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> on Cyprus forms a key piece of evidence for this exchange.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcca84bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcca84bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdfa786d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdfa786d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite in the Trojan Cycle<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd6dfe22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd6dfe22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3583eac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp3583eac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aphrodite is deeply woven into the cycle of myths surrounding Troy. It begins with the Judgement of Paris. The three goddesses Hera, Athena and Aphrodite quarrel over who is the most beautiful, and the Trojan prince Paris is to decide.<\/p><p>Aphrodite promises him the most beautiful woman in the world and wins the contest. The promised woman is Helen, the wife of the Spartan king Menelaus. Her abduction by Paris triggers the Trojan War. Aphrodite thus bears a share of the blame for the war, a trait that Greek poetry does not gloss over.<\/p><p>In Homer&#8217;s <em>Iliad<\/em>, Aphrodite stands on the side of Troy. She intervenes several times, for instance when she rescues Paris in single combat by wrapping him in a cloud and carrying him out of the battle.<\/p><p>In a famous scene she is herself wounded on the hand by the Greek hero Diomedes when she tries to protect her son Aeneas. Wounded and weeping, she withdraws to Olympus, where Zeus admonishes her to keep out of the business of war and to hold to the works of love.<\/p><p>This episode is instructive for the history of religion. It assigns Aphrodite a clearly defined sphere and sets her apart from the war deities.<\/p><p>At the same time, her connection to Aeneas points to a significant aftermath: in the Roman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, Aeneas is regarded as the forefather of the Romans, and thus Aphrodite, Roman <a href=\"\/en\/venus-roman-goddess-of-love-and-beauty\/\">Venus<\/a>, becomes the divine ancestress of Rome and especially of the lineage from which Caesar and Augustus descended.<\/p><p>From a scene of the <em>Iliad<\/em> thus arises a building block of Roman imperial ideology.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa3629c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa3629c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb82496 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdb82496\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aphrodite in the Visual Arts<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7af55cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp7af55cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c25103 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c25103\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Few deities have shaped <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> and post-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transitional era between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">antique<\/span> art as much as Aphrodite. In the early and classical period she was at first depicted clothed.<\/p><p>A turning point is marked by the <em>Aphrodite of Knidos<\/em> by the sculptor Praxiteles from the 4th century BC. It is regarded as the first life-sized depiction of the goddess in the nude and caused a great stir in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>.<\/p><p>The original is lost, but numerous Roman copies give an impression of the type: the goddess in the act of bathing, with one hand in a protective gesture.<\/p><p>In the Hellenistic period further famous statue types arose, among them the <em>Aphrodite of Melos<\/em>, better known as the Venus de Milo, and the crouching Aphrodite.<\/p><p>These works were copied many times in Roman times and adorned houses, gardens and public spaces. On vases, mirrors and jewellery the goddess often appears with her attributes: the dove, the sparrow, the shell, the apple and the little Eros.<\/p><p>The afterlife of this pictorial tradition reaches into the present. In the Renaissance, painters such as Botticelli took up the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> foam birth again with the <em>Birth of Venus<\/em>, and ever since, Venus, as Aphrodite is called in Latin, has been a fixed part of European art history.<\/p><p>For <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>, this rich pictorial tradition is at once a source and a problem: it shows how the goddess was seen, but directs attention strongly to the aspect of physical beauty and can push into the background the cultic and cosmological role of Aphrodite, for instance as the power that, according to Hesiod and the philosopher Empedocles, holds the world together.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d60bc94 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d60bc94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd0af73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd0af73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about Aphrodite<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Aphrodite in Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love, beauty and fertility, one of the twelve Olympian gods.<\/p><p>Two birth versions exist: according to Homer she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione; according to Hesiod she arose from the foam (aphros) produced by the genitals of the castrated Uranus thrown into the sea, hence Aphrodite (the foam-born).<\/p><p>She was washed ashore at Cyprus and Kythera, hence her epithets Kypris and Kytherea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What was the Aphrodite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> on Cyprus?<\/h3><p>Paphos on Cyprus was one of the most significant Aphrodite sanctuaries of the ancient world, active for over two millennia. Here the goddess is said to have risen from the sea. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> was so prominent that Roman emperors made pilgrimages there (for example Titus in AD 69).<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> practice included, as in the Phoenician mother cult, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> prostitution, which Herodotus describes at length. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> survived into the 4th century AD, when the Christianising imperial policy put an end to it. The ruins are today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Aphrodite in Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the handed-down narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Aphrodite is the Greek goddess of love, beauty and fertility, one of the twelve Olympian gods. Two birth versions exist: according to Homer she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione; according to Hesiod she arose from the foam (aphros) produced by the genitals of the castrated Uranus thrown into the sea, hence Aphrodite (the foam-born). She was washed ashore at Cyprus and Kythera, hence her epithets Kypris and Kytherea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What was the Aphrodite <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> on Cyprus?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Paphos on Cyprus was one of the most significant Aphrodite sanctuaries of the ancient world, active for over two millennia. Here the goddess is said to have risen from the sea. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> was so prominent that Roman emperors made pilgrimages there (for example Titus in AD 69). The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> practice included, as in the Phoenician mother cult, ritual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> prostitution, which Herodotus describes at length. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span> survived into the 4th century AD, when the Christianising imperial policy put an end to it. The ruins are today a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aphrodite, Goddess of the Greek Tradition Olympian goddess of love, beauty and desire. Aphrodite belongs to the twelve principal deities of the Greek pantheon and stands at the centre of all myths concerned with eros, longing and marital bonds. Born from the foam of the sea or handed down as the daughter of Zeus, she [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4224,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Aphrodite","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Aphrodite: Greek Goddess of Love and Beauty","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Aphrodite: article in preparation. 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