{"id":4217,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:15","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/hermes\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:59","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:59","slug":"hermes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hermes\/","title":{"rendered":"Hermes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4217\" class=\"elementor elementor-4217 elementor-2034 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes, God of the Greek Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hermes is a god of the Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p>God of travellers, of thieves, of messengers and of the guidance of souls. Hermes is the mediator between worlds, between gods and humans, between heaven and earth, between life and death.<\/p><p>With winged shoes and the herald&#8217;s staff he crosses all boundaries. He is full of cunning, swift, eloquent and morally unbound, a god of ambiguity and of crossing boundaries.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: personified highest power within the pantheon of a culture, with clearly defined responsibilities such as forces of nature, fate, war and fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/greece\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religion and mythology of ancient Greece from the Mycenaean period to late antiquity.\">Greece<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hermes-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4218\" alt=\"Hermes - gods from the Greek tradition, historical and illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hermes-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hermes-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hermes-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hermes.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Hermes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Greek principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, god of messengers and thresholds, escort of the dead<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Greece (one of the twelve Olympians), Roman as Mercurius<br>Function: messenger of the gods, patron of travellers, merchants, thieves, herdsmen and orators; guide of the dead<br>Principal attributes: caduceus (kerykeion, winged serpent staff), winged sandals, petasos (traveller&#8217;s hat)<br>Principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Pheneus (Arcadia, mythical birthplace), Athens (Hermai at every street corner), Tanagra (goat festival)<br>Roman counterpart: Mercurius<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hermes is attested in Mycenaean Linear B as <em>e-ma-a2<\/em>, one of the oldest Greek gods. In Homer (8th century BCE) he already appears as a central figure, the messenger of Zeus and the escorting god of the dead (Odyssey XXIV).<\/p><p>The <em>Homeric Hymn to Hermes<\/em> (7th\/6th century BCE) recounts his infant trickeries (the theft of Apollon&#8217;s cattle on his first day of life).<\/p><p>In Athens, the <em>Hermai<\/em> tradition is found from the 6th century BCE onward: at every street corner a square pillar bearing a head of Hermes and a phallus, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> protection of the threshold.<\/p><p>The famous <em>Herm scandal<\/em> in Athens in 415 BCE (the mass mutilation of the Hermai) before the Sicilian Expedition is regarded as a religious trauma. In the Hellenistic period he was syncretised with Thoth (Hermes Trismegistos), from which the hermetic tradition arose.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principal cult sites: <strong>Pheneus<\/strong> (Arcadia, mythical birthplace on Mount Kyllene), <strong>Athens<\/strong> (Hermai at every street corner, a Hermes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> on the Agora), <strong>Tanagra<\/strong> (Boeotia, with the goat festival), <strong>Olympia<\/strong> (the Hermes statue by Praxiteles, one of the most famous works of Greek sculpture).<\/p><p>Hermai pillars were widespread throughout the entire Greek world, at crossroads, house entrances and boundaries. In the Hellenistic-Roman period the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of ideas or deities from different religious traditions.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretism<\/span> of Hermes Trismegistos spread widely in Alexandria and across the seething Mediterranean world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">State of the sources<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: Hesiod (<em>Theogony<\/em>), Homer&#8217;s Iliad and especially the Odyssey (Book XXIV: Hermes psychopompos, \u201eguide of souls\u201c), the <em>Homeric Hymn to Hermes<\/em> (Hymn 4, at length), Apollodorus&#8217; <em>Library<\/em>.<\/p><p>Hermetic tradition: <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> (1st to 3rd century CE, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antique<\/span> texts under the name of Hermes Trismegistos). Secondary literature: Burkert, <em>Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religion<\/span><\/em>; Brown, <em>Hermes the Thief<\/em>; Vernant, <em>Mortals and Immortals<\/em>; Quack, <em>Egypt and Greece in the Hellenistic Period<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hermes is often depicted as a young, beardless man, sometimes winged. His attributes are the winged shoes (<em>talaria<\/em>), the herald&#8217;s staff (<em>caduceus<\/em>) with two intertwined serpents, and the winged hat (<em>petasos<\/em>).<\/p><p>He sometimes wears a cloak (<em>chlamys<\/em>). His symbols are the tortoise (whose shell he turned into a lyre), the rooster, the goat and gold. His appearance is youthful, mobile, always in motion.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Description<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hermes is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> by travellers, merchants and thieves. He blesses safe journeys and protects the crossing of boundaries. As psychopompos he leads souls into the underworld. In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of things through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> he is invoked to channel communication.<\/p><p>His festivals (<em>Hermaia<\/em>) are games and trade fairs. Eloquence and rhetoric are his domains. Hermes is not moral; he helps thieves as well as merchants, gods as well as humans. This ambiguity makes him versatile and dangerous at the same time.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p>Hermes is depicted as a youthful, muscular man with winged shoes (talaria) and a winged hat (petasos). The staff of Hermes, or caduceus, a staff with two entwined serpents and wings, is his primary identifying mark. The purse symbolises his wealth and his commerce.<\/p><p>The goat was his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> animal, as was the tortoise (whose shell he turned into a lyre). Honey and wine were his libations. His colour was the gold of brilliance and of movement. Unlike other gods, Hermes is deliberately ambiguous; his smile is at once affectionate and deceiving.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Hermes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Hermes at a glance. The following fields summarise origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and cultural parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hermes is the son of Zeus and the Pleiad <em>Maia<\/em>, born in a cave on Mount Kyllene in Arcadia.<\/p><p>On his very first day of life he stole the cattle of his elder brother Apollon (a central <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> in the Homeric Hymn), invented the lyre from a tortoise shell and sheep gut, and later traded it with Apollon in exchange for the cattle, from which the bond between the two brothers arose.<\/p><p>He is the father of Pan (with the nymph Dryope) and of Hermaphroditos (with Aphrodite). Within the mythical cycle he is repeatedly employed as a helper and mediator: he leads Persephone back from the underworld, escorts Priam to Achilles&#8217; tent (Iliad 24), and fetches Io from the watch of Argos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' sphere of influence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A multiple function is characteristic of Hermes: <em>messenger of the gods<\/em>, mediating between the three cosmic levels (Olympus, earth, underworld); <em>god of thresholds<\/em>, patron of every transition (death, thresholds, roads, language); <em>patron of travel<\/em>, protector of wanderers and merchants; <em>Hermes psychopompos<\/em>, guide of souls into the realm of Hades, handing them over to Charon; <em>patron of thieves and the cunning<\/em>; <em>patron of herdsmen<\/em>, in his old Arcadian form; <em>patron of orators and poets<\/em>.<\/p><p>Later, in the hermetic tradition, he was identified as the inventor of writing (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of elements from different religions or cults into new mixed forms, as in Haitian Vodou (Lwa and Catholic saints).\">syncretism<\/span> with Thoth).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In archaic art still a bearded man with a traveller&#8217;s cloak, in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> period youthful and beautiful and beardless, Praxiteles&#8217; Hermes with the infant Dionysos (c. 340 BCE, today in Olympia) is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the authoritatively recognized body of scriptures of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canonical<\/span> depiction.<\/p><p>Characteristic attributes: <em>caduceus \/ kerykeion<\/em> (a winged staff with two serpents intertwining around it, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of thresholds and of heralds), <em>winged sandals<\/em> (<em>talaria<\/em>), <em>petasos<\/em> (a broad-brimmed traveller&#8217;s hat, often winged), and a traveller&#8217;s cloak.<\/p><p>In the Hermes-herm form: a rectangular stone pillar with a head of Hermes at the top and an erect phallus on the front. Mount: none fixed; he flies with the sandals or goes on foot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' effect<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of effect:<\/strong> Hermes was invoked in every Greek household, through the <em>Hermai<\/em> at every house threshold and crossroads. Travellers, merchants and herdsmen prayed to him before setting out. At burials he was invoked as the escort of the soul. In public <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>: <em>Hermaia<\/em> festivals in various cities (Tanagra, Pellene).<\/p><p>Hermes was the patron of the youthful athletes in the <em>gymnasia<\/em>. In the Hellenistic-Roman period he was central to the <em>hermetic tradition<\/em>; the <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> became the main foundation of Western <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esotericism<\/span> (Renaissance hermeticism through Marsilio Ficino, and the later <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pre-modern union of natural philosophy and symbolic science; works with the transformation of matter as inner transformation.\">alchemical<\/span> tradition).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' means of protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Caduceus \/ kerykeion (winged serpent staff), winged sandals (talaria), petasos (traveller&#8217;s hat), purse (patron of merchants), lyre (the instrument of his invention), traveller&#8217;s cloak. Sacred animals: tortoise (the material of his lyre), rooster, goat (Hermes Kriophoros, \u201egoat bearer\u201c), dog. Sacred plants: strawberry tree (arbutus). Sacred stones: marble in the herm pillars.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes' parallels<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Mercurius<\/em> (Rome, an almost identical adoption), <em>Thoth<\/em> (Egypt, syncretised in the Hellenistic period as Hermes Trismegistos, one of the most important syncretisms in the history of religion), <em>Anubis<\/em> (Egypt, escort of the dead, connected through the Hermanubis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of conceptions or deities from different religious traditions.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretism<\/span>), <em>Nabu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, patron of scribes and messengers), <em>Ningishzida<\/em> (Mesopotamia, a serpent staff resembling the caduceus), <em>Odin<\/em> (Germanic, wanderer and escort of the dead), <em>Janus<\/em> (Rome, patron of thresholds and transitions), <em>Papa Legba<\/em> (Vodou, the loa of thresholds and the opening of gates), <em>Lugh<\/em> (Celtic, a versatile patron).<\/p><p>Functionally, all gods of thresholds and mediation share aspects of Hermes. The caduceus is one of the oldest symbols of healing (frequently confused with the staff of Asclepius, which has only one serpent).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical means of protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rituals of veneration<\/strong><\/p><p>Hermes is the messenger of the gods, god of thresholds and guide of souls in Greek religion. His principal cult site is not a single <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuary<\/span>, but everywhere at crossroads, city gates and marketplaces where <em>herm<\/em> stelae (stone pillars with a head of Hermes and a phallus) stood, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plural of apotropaion: objects and signs intended to ward off misfortune.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaia<\/span> for travellers and merchants.<\/p><p>In the cityscape of Athens, hundreds of herms flanked the public spaces (cf. Burkert, <em>Greek Religion<\/em>; Versnel, <em>Coping with the Gods<\/em>). His principal festival is the <em>Hermaia<\/em> with gymnastic contests for young men.<\/p><p><strong>Invocations<\/strong><\/p><p>The Homeric Hymn to Hermes (4), over 580 verses, is the central literary source among the hymns. Travellers invoked Hermes with the formula \u201eHermes prosphil\u0113s\u201c (Hermes who prepares the way).<\/p><p>Before every serious undertaking Hermes was invoked as the god of cunning. In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Demeter (Hom. Hymn 2) Hermes leads Persephone back from Hades.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>The kerykeion (a herald&#8217;s staff with two serpents, the model for the modern medical caduceus) as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a conception or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of Hermes. Winged sandals (talaria) and a traveller&#8217;s hat (petasos) on vase paintings. Herm stelae at house entrances as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plural of apotropaion: objects and signs intended to ward off misfortune.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaia<\/span> against thieves and evil powers. Minted coins with a head of Hermes in Pheneos and Mantineia (Arcadia).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Indo-European parallels<\/strong><\/p><p>Hermes shares all essential functions with the Roman <em>Mercurius<\/em>: messenger of the gods, god of commerce, protector of crossroads. Mercurius became the most frequently venerated god in the Roman Empire, particularly in Gaul (where he was identified with the Celtic <em>Lugus<\/em>).<\/p><p>In the Germanic context Mercurius was rendered as <em>Wodan<\/em> (Wednesday, <em>Wodanstag<\/em>, English <em>Wednesday<\/em>, Italian <em>mercoled\u00ec<\/em>). The structural kinship with the Indian <em>Pushan<\/em> (the Vedic god of paths) has been emphasised by Indo-Europeanists (Dum\u00e9zil, West).<\/p><p><strong>Near Eastern parallels<\/strong><\/p><p>The Egyptian god of scribes and the moon, <em>Thoth<\/em>, was identified with Hermes during the Hellenistic-Roman phase of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of elements from different religions or cults into mixed forms, as in Haitian Vodou.\">syncretism<\/span> (<em>Hermes Trismegistos<\/em> = \u201eHermes the Thrice-Greatest\u201c).<\/p><p>The <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> writings (1st to 3rd century CE) are a product of this fusion of Hermes and Thoth. The Mesopotamian god of scribes, <em>Nabu<\/em>, also shares structural similarities: message, the art of writing, the role of mediator.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">Late antiquity<\/span> and hermeticism<\/strong><\/p><p>From the 2nd century CE onward Hermes Trismegistos became the central figure of hermeticism, an Egyptian-Greek tradition of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"A religious current centred on direct experience of God; central in Jewish, Christian and Islamic tradition.\">mysticism<\/span> with alchemical, astrological and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> teachings. The <em>Tabula Smaragdina<\/em> (handed down in medieval Arabic) is regarded as a key hermetic text.<\/p><p>Renaissance hermeticism (Ficino, Pico della Mirandola, Bruno) shaped the European tradition of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esotericism<\/span> into the 19th century. To this day hermetic currents live on in astrology, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pre-modern union of natural philosophy and symbolic science; works with the transformation of matter as inner transformation.\">alchemy<\/span> and more recent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esotericism<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9ab4578 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9ab4578\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc48d62d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc48d62d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Hymn to Hermes: the childhood deeds of the god<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp897d9d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp897d9d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp601fdfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp601fdfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most detailed mythological source for Hermes is the Homeric <em>Hymn to Hermes<\/em>, a poem of about 580 verses that probably arose in the 6th century before our era. It depicts the deeds of the god on his first day of life and thereby sets out his entire nature.<\/p><p>Hermes is the son of Zeus and the nymph Maia, born in a cave of Mount Kyllene in Arcadia. Already on the day of his birth he leaves the cradle.<\/p><p>He finds a tortoise, kills it and builds the first lyre from its shell by stretching strings across it. Then he sets out and steals a herd of cattle belonging to his elder brother Apollon.<\/p><p>So as to leave no trace, he drives the cattle backwards and binds ingenious soles beneath his own feet. He <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifices<\/span> two of the cattle and divides the meat into twelve portions, an allusion to the twelve Olympian gods.<\/p><p>When Apollon tracks down the thief and brings Hermes before Zeus, the child denies everything with great eloquence. Zeus sees through the matter, yet the brothers are reconciled. Hermes gives Apollon the lyre and receives in return a golden staff and other privileges.<\/p><p>In this single narrative almost all the responsibilities of Hermes are laid out: the gift of invention, theft and cunning, eloquence, commerce and exchange, the connection to herds, music and the crossing of boundaries. The hymn is therefore not merely an entertaining story but a considered interpretation of what this god signifies.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp52bf46d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp52bf46d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22e79e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22e79e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes psychopompos: the escort of the dead<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8045fbc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8045fbc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9fa79e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9fa79e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important and oldest functions of Hermes is his office as <em>psychopompos<\/em>, as the escort of souls. In this role Hermes leads the deceased down from the world above into the underworld.<\/p><p>Homer already knows this function. In the final book of the <em>Odyssey<\/em> it is described how Hermes drives together the souls of the slain suitors with his staff and leads them into the underworld, while they twitter like startled bats.<\/p><p>This task follows logically from the fundamental nature of Hermes. He is the god who crosses boundaries, and no boundary is more final than that between life and death. Hermes can pass it in both directions without himself belonging to the underworld.<\/p><p>In some myths he also brings souls back up, for instance in the Persephone narrative, in which he is sent by Zeus to bring the daughter of Demeter back from the underworld.<\/p><p>The function as escort of the dead had a fixed place in religious practice. Hermes was invoked in the cult of the dead, and his image belonged to the sphere of burial. The notion that a friendly god accompanies the difficult transition softened the terrors of death.<\/p><p>In the visual arts Hermes psychopompos appears on vase paintings and grave reliefs, often leading a soul by the hand.<\/p><p>This side of Hermes shows that he was not only the cheerful trickster of the childhood narrative but also a grave figure, consoling in the encounter with death. Comparable escort functions are found with the Roman <a href=\"\/en\/mercury-roman-god-of-commerce-and-messengers\/\">Mercurius<\/a> and the Egyptian <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/anubis\/\">Anubis<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa76af00 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa76af00\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d49fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9d49fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The herm: boundary stone, cult image and material culture<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4a2705a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4a2705a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0cde2e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0cde2e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most peculiar forms in which Hermes appears is the herm named after him, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pictorial representation of a deity that is venerated in the temple or shrine.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult image<\/span> of characteristic form.<\/p><p>A herm is a square stone pillar, tapering slightly towards the top, which ends above in a head, usually that of Hermes, and on which a phallus is attached at half height. Arms and legs are absent.<\/p><p>Herms stood at crossroads, at boundaries, at house entrances and in public squares. Their function was manifold: they marked boundaries and transitions, protected the place and were considered to bring good fortune. In Athens they were especially numerous.<\/p><p>The phallus was not an obscene but an apotropaic sign, one of warding off and of fertility. The herm connects the god with his fundamental responsibility, the marking and protection of boundaries and roads.<\/p><p>A famous historical event shows how significant these images were. In the year 415 before our era, shortly before the departure of the Athenian fleet for the Sicilian Expedition, numerous herms in Athens were mutilated in a single night.<\/p><p>This so-called mutilation of the herms triggered a serious political crisis and religious dread, because the deed was regarded as an evil omen and a sacrilege against the gods.<\/p><p>The incident is described by Thucydides and shows that the herms were deeply rooted in the religious and political life of the city. For <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The science that researches past cultures on the basis of material finds.\" tabindex=\"0\">archaeology<\/span> the herms are an important class of source, because they survive in great numbers and document the connection between the image of the god, daily life and public space.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2dad93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc2dad93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7a26dd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7a26dd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes as messenger of the gods and his attributes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp947c97d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp947c97d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd0f4ae4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd0f4ae4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The function of Hermes best known in the West is that of messenger of the gods. In this role he conveys the messages of Zeus and the other gods and mediates between the spheres.<\/p><p>This function is closely connected with his fundamental quality as a crosser of boundaries: whoever conveys messages moves between sender and recipient, crosses spaces and areas of responsibility.<\/p><p>The equipment of Hermes reflects this task. He wears winged sandals, the <em>pedila<\/em>, which carry him swiftly over land and sea. On his head he often has the winged traveller&#8217;s hat, the <em>petasos<\/em>. His most important attribute is the herald&#8217;s staff, the <em>kerykeion<\/em>, a staff around which two serpents wind.<\/p><p>This staff marks him as herald and mediator. It is not to be confused with the staff of Asclepius of the healing art, which bears only one serpent, although the two are often mixed up in modern symbolism.<\/p><p>As messenger, Hermes is also the god of language and of translation, of understanding between different parties. From this, in later times, the term hermeneutics was derived, the study of interpretation and of understanding, which is linguistically connected to Hermes.<\/p><p>This connection shows how comprehensively the god was interpreted: he is not only the one who carries news but the one who makes understanding possible at all.<\/p><p>Within the framework of the Olympian pantheon Hermes thus occupies a mediating position. He is the youngest of the great gods and the one who goes back and forth between all the others, between gods and humans, the living and the dead.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb2a4ae4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb2a4ae4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc8ebfb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc8ebfb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hermes Trismegistos and the hermetic writings<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp65df803 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp65df803\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp656a111 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp656a111\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A development of its own, and of far-reaching consequence, was taken by the cult of Hermes in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span>. In the Hellenistic period the Greek Hermes was equated with the Egyptian god Thoth, the god of writing, knowledge and wisdom.<\/p><p>From this fusion arose the figure of <em>Hermes Trismegistos<\/em>, the thrice-greatest Hermes, who was no longer the cheerful messenger of the gods of Homeric poetry but a bearer of secret revelation.<\/p><p>Under the name of this Hermes Trismegistos there arose, between the 1st and 3rd century of our era, a collection of writings, the so-called <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em>, together with further texts such as the <em>Asclepius<\/em>.<\/p><p>These writings treat questions of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The conception of the structure and order of the world within a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmology<\/span>, of the soul, of the knowledge of God and of the ascent of the human being to the divine. They combine Greek philosophy, above all Platonic and Stoic elements, with Egyptian and other conceptions.<\/p><p>The hermetic writings had an extraordinarily strong effect beyond <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>. In the Renaissance the <em>Corpus Hermeticum<\/em> was rediscovered and translated into Latin by Marsilio Ficino in the 15th century.<\/p><p>At that time it was held to be an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> work of wisdom that had arisen even before Plato. Only the philologist Isaac Casaubon showed, in the early 17th century, that the texts in fact date from the imperial period.<\/p><p>Nevertheless the hermetic tradition deeply shaped European intellectual history and stands at the beginning of currents connected with terms such as hermeticism and alchemy. In the history of religion this process is a striking example of how a mythological god could become, through fusion and reinterpretation, a new philosophical-religious authority.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/apollo\/\">Apollon, elder brother, partner in exchange<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/charon\/\">Charon, ferryman, to whom Hermes hands over the dead<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hades\/\">Hades, lord of the realm into which Hermes escorts<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/anubis\/\">Anubis, the Egyptian counterpart (Hermanubis syncretism)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/thoth\/\">Thoth, syncretised in the Hellenistic period (Hermes Trismegistos)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/papa-legba\/\">Papa Legba, the Vodou threshold-god parallel<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/greece\/\">Greece, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources and literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Brown, Norman O.: <em>Hermes the Thief. The Evolution of a Myth<\/em>. Madison 1947.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Vernant, Jean-Pierre: <em>Mortals and Immortals<\/em>. Princeton 1991.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Quack, Joachim Friedrich: <em>\u00c4gypten und Griechenland in hellenistischer Zeit<\/em>. Berlin 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Copenhaver, Brian P.: <em>Hermetica. The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius<\/em>. Cambridge 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><em>Homerischer Hymnos an Hermes<\/em> (numerous translations).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry \u201eHermes\u201c).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d3fa5e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1d3fa5e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0844c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0844c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Hermes<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Hermes in Greek <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The entirety of the handed-down divine narratives of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Hermes is one of the twelve Olympian gods, son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia. He is the messenger of the gods, the god of merchants, travellers, thieves, orators and of the transitions between the worlds.<\/p><p>Hermes psychopompos leads the souls of the deceased into the underworld. His attributes: a winged helmet (petasos) and sandals (talaria), the staff of Hermes (kerykeion or caduceus with two winding serpents). As an infant he already stole the cattle of Apollon. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What is the caduceus and its modern use?<\/h3><p>The caduceus (kerykeion) is the staff of Hermes, a messenger&#8217;s staff with two serpents intertwining around it and wings at the top. It is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a conception or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of the merchant, the messenger and the mediator.<\/p><p>It is frequently (especially in the USA) confused with the staff of Asclepius, the staff of the Greek god of healing Asclepius, which shows only one serpent without wings.<\/p><p>This confusion leads many medical organisations to use the caduceus mistakenly as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a conception or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>; in reality it is the staff of the god of commerce, not that of the healer.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Hermes in Greek mythology?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hermes is one of the twelve Olympian gods, son of Zeus and the Pleiad Maia. He is the messenger of the gods, the god of merchants, travellers, thieves, orators and of the transitions between the worlds.Hermes psychopompos leads the souls of the deceased into the underworld. His attributes: a winged helmet (petasos) and sandals (talaria), the staff of Hermes (kerykeion or caduceus with two winding serpents). As an infant he already stole the cattle of Apollon. His Roman counterpart is Mercury.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the caduceus and its modern use?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The caduceus (kerykeion) is the staff of Hermes, a messenger's staff with two serpents intertwining around it and wings at the top. 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With winged shoes and the herald&#8217;s staff he crosses all [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4218,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hermes","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hermes: God of Messengers and Guide of Souls in Greece","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"God of travellers, thieves and messengers, psychopompos, guide of souls. Winged hat, caduceus and the boundaries between worlds.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,86,88],"class_list":["post-4217","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-gods","category-greece"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hermes: God of Messengers and Guide of Souls in Greece<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"God of travellers, thieves and messengers, psychopompos, guide of souls. Winged hat, caduceus and the boundaries between worlds.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/hermes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hermes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"God of travellers, thieves and messengers, psychopompos, guide of souls. 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