{"id":4176,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/horus\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:33","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:33","slug":"horus","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/horus\/","title":{"rendered":"Horus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4176\" class=\"elementor elementor-4176 elementor-2048 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Horus, god of the Egyptian tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Falcon god, son of Isis and Osiris, lord of kingship.<\/strong> Horus is the power of renewal born out of defeat. With a falcon&#8217;s head and the solar disc, in the hand of the priest and on the throne of the pharaoh, he embodies legitimate rule over Egypt and the triumph of light over chaos.<\/p><p>His eye, the *Eye of Horus*, is one of the most potent protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span> of Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of becoming whole again after trauma.<\/p><p>Horus is an Egyptian falcon god of royal power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: a personified supreme power within the pantheon of a culture, with clear domains such as natural forces, fate, war, or fertility. Venerated through cults, offerings, and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/egypt\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the ancient Nile valley, ca. 3000 BCE to 30 BCE.\">Egypt<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_horus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4178\" alt=\"Horus, falcon god of the Egyptian pantheon, son of Osiris and Isis\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_horus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_horus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_horus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_horus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Egyptian principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, god of kingship and the sky<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of gods within a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Egypt (all dynasties)<br>Function: embodiment of kingship, the sky, and protection against the chaos of Set<br>Main attributes: falcon head, the double crown Pschent, the Was sceptre, the Eye of Horus<br>Principal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> sites: Edfu (the largest <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of Horus), Hierakonpolis, Behdet<br>Greek identification: in part Apollo (through the solar aspect)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Classification<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the sources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horus is attested from the predynastic period (before 3000 BCE); on the Narmer Palette he hovers over the king as a falcon. From the beginning, the living pharaoh was regarded as the embodiment of Horus, the deceased pharaoh as Osiris.<\/p><p>The principal flourishing of the temple at Edfu falls in the Ptolemaic period (3rd to 1st century BCE). Several aspects of Horus exist in parallel: Horus the Elder, Horus of Edfu, Harpocrates (the child), and Harendotes (the avenger of the father).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The principal cult site was <strong>Edfu<\/strong> (Behdet) in Upper Egypt, the largest surviving Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>, built in Ptolemaic times. Beyond Edfu stood Hierakonpolis (Nekhen, an early-dynastic centre) and Buto in the Delta.<\/p><p>Letopolis served the Harmerti aspect. As god of kingship, however, Horus was present throughout the entire land; within every royal cartouche stood a Horus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source situation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources include the Pyramid Texts (Utterances 219, 359), the Book of the Dead (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magical or ecclesiastical exclusion; also the binding of a power through a formula.\" tabindex=\"0\">Spell<\/span> 17), the <em>Contendings of Horus and Seth<\/em> (Chester Beatty Papyrus I), the completely preserved wall inscriptions of the temple at Edfu (a late <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> elaboration), and Plutarch&#8217;s <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em>.<\/p><p>Secondary literature includes Junker, <em>Die Goetterlehre von Memphis<\/em>; Bonnet, <em>Reallexikon<\/em>; and Meeks\/Favard-Meeks, <em>Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horus is depicted with a falcon&#8217;s head, often wearing the double crown (<em>Pschent<\/em>: the red crown of Lower Egypt combined with the white crown of Upper Egypt) or the <em>Atef crown<\/em> (a white feather flanked by horns).<\/p><p>His most famous <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> is the <em>Eye of Horus<\/em> (also called <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The Eye of Horus, an ancient Egyptian symbol of healing and wholeness.\" tabindex=\"0\">Wedjat eye<\/span>), a stylised eye marked with falcon-like features that embodies healing, protection, and wholeness. The falcon itself is his animal; in depictions, falcon wings sometimes shelter his body. The solar disc (<em>Aten<\/em>) rests upon his head.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horus avenges his father Osiris against Seth in a legendary conflict in which both are wounded; Horus loses his eye, which is later restored by Thoth or Hathor. As son he becomes heir to the throne: every Egyptian reign is a reign of Horus.<\/p><p>The pharaohs regarded themselves as living falcons, animated by the power of Horus. Priests offered him wild ducks and hymns. The temple of Horus at Edfu was among the wealthiest in the land. In rituals Horus was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> for the healing of injuries and for the legitimation of power.<\/p><h3>Appearance and symbolism<\/h3><p><em>Horus<\/em> is usually shown as a falcon or as a falcon-headed man wearing the double crown of Egypt (the red and the white crown). His left eye is the lunar eye, his right eye the solar eye, signs of his realms of rule.<\/p><p>The <em>Wedjat eye<\/em>, his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> eye, is one of the most powerful protective symbols of Egypt. The falcon is his animal: swift, precise, and flying high in the sky. The double crown signifies the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Horus at a glance. The following fields summarise origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols, and parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origin of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horus is the son of <em>Isis<\/em> and <em>Osiris<\/em>, born after the death of Osiris, the child whom Isis raised alone in the reeds of Chemmis (the Harpocrates <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>).<\/p><p>In earlier traditions, Horus the Elder is the brother of Osiris. The principal conflict is the struggle against Seth over the succession of Osiris; after a long judicial dispute and physical combat, Horus prevails and assumes the kingship of Egypt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sphere of devotion of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Embodiment of kingship: every pharaoh was &#8220;Horus upon the throne&#8221;. Protector against Seth-like chaos, against snakes, and against evil.<\/p><p>In healing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of things through special actions or formulae.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> he serves as protective god of children and the sick (the Horus cippi, a common protective object). His <em>Eye of Horus<\/em> is one of the most important protective amulets in the entire <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A falcon-headed human figure wearing the double crown Pschent (the red crown of Lower Egypt with the white crown of Upper Egypt), the Was sceptre, and the Ankh. Also shown as a pure falcon with the double crown.<\/p><p>As a child (Harpocrates), a naked boy with a finger to the mouth and the side-lock of youth. As Horus of Edfu, a great winged solar disc embracing him. The Eye of Horus also appears frequently as an independent <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effect of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of effect:<\/strong> Horus was the god of reigning kingship; every pharaoh swore the Horus oath. For the people, Horus was protective god against illness and snakes, and his Eye of Horus was the most widespread protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object worn that is held to possess protective, evil-averting power.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>.<\/p><p>Edfu was a place of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A religiously motivated journey to a sacred site.\" tabindex=\"0\">pilgrimage<\/span> in Ptolemaic and Roman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span>, and the annual <em>Festival of the Beautiful Union<\/em> (the meeting with Hathor) drew thousands of visitors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apotropaic signs of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Falcon (especially the peregrine), the double crown Pschent, the Was sceptre, the Ankh, the Eye of Horus, the winged solar disc (Edfu). Plant: the lotus. Sacred sites: the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> at Edfu with its celebrated pylon, and Hierakonpolis as place of origin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels of Horus<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apollo<\/em> (Greece, solar and purificatory aspect), <em>Marduk<\/em> (Mesopotamia, protective god of kingship), <em>Indra<\/em> (Hinduism, king of the gods), <em>Tarchunna\/Teshub<\/em> (Hittites), and <em>Jupiter Capitolinus<\/em> (Rome, protector of the empire). The falcon <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> has no direct Indo-European parallel.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protective practice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"iwg-h3-demoted\"><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaic<\/span> rituals<\/strong><\/p><p>This section will be filled in with further material from the history of religions.<\/p><p class=\"iwg-h3-demoted\"><strong>Invocations<\/strong><\/p><p>A deeper account with further source material will follow in a later update.<\/p><p class=\"iwg-h3-demoted\"><strong>Amulets and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><p>At the heart of the protective practice surrounding Horus stands the udjat, the restored Eye of Horus, which in the myth was injured by Seth and healed by Thoth. As an amulet of faience, stone, or metal it was given to the living and the dead alike and was considered the embodiment of wholeness and healing. Finds from all periods of Egypt show that the Eye of Horus was among the most commonly worn protective signs of the country.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cult<\/span> and veneration<\/h3><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of <em>Horus<\/em> was interwoven with the cult of the pharaoh. Every pharaoh was <em>Horus<\/em> on earth and bore the so-called &#8220;<em>Horus name<\/em>&#8221; among his titles. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives of the gods of a given culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> of the conflict between <em>Horus<\/em> and his uncle <em>Seth<\/em> was re-enacted in the temples.<\/p><p>The nine-year-old <em>Horus<\/em>, who had to test a weakness of his enemy, also stands for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ritual admission into a religious or esoteric order, often connected with symbolic death and rebirth.\">initiation<\/span>. Falcon statues guarded the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span>, and <em>Horus<\/em> was invoked as protector against evil powers.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Horus, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Horus is comparable to the Greek Apollo (solar god, healer, archer) and to the Roman Helios. In Indian traditions he bears similarities to Surya (the solar god).<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of the wounded and healed eye also appears with Odin (Scandinavia), who <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifices<\/span> his eye. The conception of the king as image of the god is pan-Mediterranean and later shapes Christian ideology as well.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9185676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9185676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp417bf61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp417bf61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The myth of the contest between Horus and Seth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ff0030 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ff0030\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b8a0db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5b8a0db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The central narrative concerning Horus is his conflict with <a href=\"\/en\/seth\/\">Seth<\/a> over the rule of Egypt. After Osiris is killed by his brother Seth, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/isis\/\">Isis<\/a> raises her son Horus in secret so that he may one day claim his father&#8217;s inheritance.<\/p><p>The grown Horus appears before the council of gods and demands the kingship. Seth contests his claim, and a lengthy legal dispute follows before the Ennead.<\/p><p>The most extensive coherent version of this confrontation is preserved in the so-called Papyrus Chester Beatty I from the Ramesside period, a text often cited under the title <em>The Contendings of Horus and Seth<\/em>.<\/p><p>It recounts a series of contests and stratagems: a race in stone boats, a diving competition in the form of hippopotami, and a deception devised by Isis.<\/p><p>The tone of this text is strikingly coarse and at times comic, which long perplexed scholarship. Today it is understood as a literary elaboration that conveys a serious theological core in an entertaining form.<\/p><p>The theological core is the legitimation of kingship. Horus embodies the rightful heir, Seth the violent usurper. In the end, the council of gods, often following a judgment of Osiris from the underworld, awards Horus the rule over the land of the living.<\/p><p>This decision is more than the outcome of a story. It establishes the principle that every reigning pharaoh sits upon the throne as living Horus and that his deceased predecessor becomes Osiris. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> thereby supplies the basic pattern of Egyptian royal ideology for three millennia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp30d2da5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp30d2da5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9652441 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9652441\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forms of Horus and the multiplicity of one god<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6c20883 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6c20883\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcad99b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcad99b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Behind the name Horus stand several originally distinct divine figures that, over the course of Egyptian religious history, grew together or continued to exist side by side. Egyptology accordingly speaks of forms of Horus in the plural.<\/p><p>One important line is Horus the Elder, called <em>Haroeris<\/em> in the sources, a deity of sky and light whose eyes are the sun and the moon. From him is to be distinguished Horus, son of Isis and Osiris, called <em>Harsiese<\/em> in the sources, heir and avenger of his father.<\/p><p>Alongside these stands the child Horus, <em>Harpocrates<\/em> in Greek form, represented as a naked child with the side-lock of youth and a finger to the mouth. This figure gained particular significance in the Late Period and in Graeco-Roman times within domestic and popular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>.<\/p><p><em>Harmachis<\/em>, in turn, Horus of the Horizon, is a solar form associated, among other things, with the Great Sphinx of Giza. Local manifestations such as the Horus of Edfu, <em>Behdeti<\/em>, possessed their own <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> and festival cycles.<\/p><p>This multiplicity is no sign of disorder; it corresponds to the Egyptian way of conceiving the divine. A <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> could appear in different aspects, in different places, and in different stages of life without these aspects being perceived as contradictions.<\/p><p>Modern scholarship, notably in the foundational works of Hans Bonnet and in later overview accounts of the Egyptian world of gods, has shown how, out of originally independent local deities, a multilayered god Horus emerged through theological reflection and political centralisation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa15c525 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa15c525\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeaaf98a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpeaaf98a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Eye of Horus: pictorial sign, amulet, and system of measure<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a20c4a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9a20c4a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp78138b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp78138b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Eye of Horus, in Egyptian <em>wedjat<\/em>, is among the best-known symbols of ancient Egyptian culture. It goes back to an episode in the conflict with Seth: in the struggle, Seth injures one of Horus&#8217;s eyes, which is later healed or restored by Thoth.<\/p><p>The healed eye thereby becomes the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vivid image standing for an abstract idea.\" tabindex=\"0\">emblem<\/span> of restoration, of integrity, and of salvation. In some narratives Horus presents this eye to his father Osiris, whereby it also becomes a sign of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The concrete object or food offered to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">offering<\/span> and of the revival of the dead.<\/p><p>As an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object worn that is held to possess protective, evil-averting power.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> the <em>wedjat<\/em> was widespread across every stratum of Egyptian society. It appears on mummy bandages, among grave goods, on items of jewellery, and on household objects.<\/p><p>Those who wore it hoped for protection, health, and the warding off of misfortune. Archaeological finds attest the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> from the time of the Old Kingdom well into the Graeco-Roman period.<\/p><p>A distinct significance belongs to the Eye of Horus in ancient Egyptian mathematics. Its individual pictorial components were linked with fractions that are continually halved, namely one half, one quarter, one eighth, and so on. With this system the scribes notated portions of grain measures.<\/p><p>Older scholarship saw in this a closed arithmetical system; more recent investigations assess the link between <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> and units of measure more cautiously and emphasise that the schematic assignment is in part a modern reconstruction.<\/p><p>What remains undisputed, however, is that the Eye of Horus was one of the most effective pictorial signs of Egypt, whose traces extend into present-day popular representations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp519689b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp519689b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp281f75c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp281f75c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Horus and kingship<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26b612d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp26b612d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp577e716 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp577e716\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No god was more closely bound to Egyptian kingship than Horus. Already in the early period, around the turn from the fourth to the third millennium BCE, the king bore a name that identified him directly with the god: the so-called Horus name.<\/p><p>It was written within a rectangle representing the palace facade, with the falcon of Horus above it. The king was thus not only the protege of the god but his manifestation upon earth.<\/p><p>This conception remained foundational throughout pharaonic history. The living king was regarded as Horus, the deceased predecessor as Osiris. The succession to the throne was thereby conceived as an orderly sequence in which every ruler takes the place of the son who enters into the inheritance of the father.<\/p><p>The royal titulary developed later into a system of five names, several of which continued to refer to Horus, including the so-called Golden Horus name.<\/p><p>Horus is also present in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> of the king. A famous statue from the Old Kingdom shows King Khafre with the falcon of Horus seated protectively behind his head. In temple reliefs the falcon frequently hovers above the ruler and offers him signs of protection.<\/p><p>The close bond of god and king meant that the cult of Horus was at the same time a piece of state ideology. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that investigates religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religious studies<\/span> has seen here a vivid example of how a society anchored the legitimacy of its rule in religion and thereby secured stability over long periods of time.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpde988c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpde988c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4c1fd5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4c1fd5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The temple at Edfu and later veneration<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc8db945 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc8db945\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81db5e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp81db5e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The best-preserved great <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of pharaonic Egypt is <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Set apart from the everyday by a religious act and entrusted to the sacred.\" tabindex=\"0\">consecrated<\/span> to Horus. It stands at Edfu in Upper Egypt and was erected in Ptolemaic times, over more than a century and a half, into the first century BCE.<\/p><p>Worshipped there was Horus of Behdet, a local form of the god, together with the goddess Hathor of Dendera and their common son.<\/p><p>The walls of the temple bear extensive inscriptions of great value for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that investigates religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religious studies<\/span>. They transmit descriptions of festivals, theological texts, and above all a dramatic account of the victory of Horus over Seth, often referred to as the <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myth<\/span> of the Winged Solar Disc<\/em> or as the Edfu Drama.<\/p><p>These texts grant a rare insight into the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> staging of a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>, for they appear to have been connected with cultic acts and possibly also with theatrical performances.<\/p><p>A particular festival was the annual journey of Hathor from Dendera to Edfu, the Festival of the Beautiful Union, at which the divine images were brought together.<\/p><p>Edfu shows that the cult of Horus remained vital and richly elaborated even in the final centuries of Egyptian religion, long after the land had come under Greek rule.<\/p><p>In Graeco-Roman times, moreover, the figure of the child Horus spread far beyond Egypt across the Mediterranean, often in the company of Isis. The history of the influence of Horus thus reaches from the oldest royal names of Egypt into the religious world of the Roman imperial period.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/osiris\/\">Osiris, father<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/isis\/\">Isis, mother<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/seth\/\">Seth, antagonist in the struggle for succession<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/hathor\/\">Hathor, consort (Edfu tradition)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/egypt\/\">Egypt, pantheon overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, class overview<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further reading<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Junker, Hermann: <em>Die Goetterlehre von Memphis<\/em>. Berlin 1940.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Meeks, Dimitri \/ Favard-Meeks, Christine: <em>Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods<\/em>. London 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bonnet, Hans: <em>Reallexikon der aegyptischen Religionsgeschichte<\/em>. Berlin 2000.<\/span><\/li><li>Plutarch: <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em>.<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (ed.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (entry &#8220;Horus&#8221;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-182c5e3 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"182c5e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4aadc61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4aadc61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Horus<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who was Horus in Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives of the gods of a given culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?<\/h3><p>Horus (Egyptian Heru) is one of the oldest and most important gods of Egypt, the falcon-headed god of the sky and of kingship. In the Osiris <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> he is the son of Osiris and Isis.<\/p><p>After the murder of Osiris by Seth, Horus is raised in secret by Isis, fights as an adult against Seth for the kingship and prevails.<\/p><p>He becomes the legitimate ruler and the divine archetype of every earthly pharaoh. Every reigning pharaoh was regarded as Horus on earth, and every deceased pharaoh as Osiris in the beyond.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>What is the Eye of Horus (Udjat)?<\/h3><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The Eye of Horus, ancient Egyptian emblem of healing and wholeness.\" tabindex=\"0\">Udjat eye<\/span> (also Wedjat) is one of the most famous symbols of Egyptian culture: the restored eye of Horus, lost in the struggle against Seth and healed by the moon god Thoth with saliva. It signifies restoration, protection, wholeness, and healing. As an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object worn that is held to possess protective, evil-averting power.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> it was one of the most common <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object to which a fortune- or success-bringing effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">talismans<\/span> of Egypt.<\/p><p>In the later medical <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> the Udjat was divided into six parts, whose fractions (1\/2 + 1\/4 + 1\/8 + 1\/16 + 1\/32 + 1\/64) served as fractional parts for the hekat measure (a grain measure). Together they yield 63\/64; the missing part is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> healing of Thoth.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who was Horus in Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the transmitted narratives of the gods of a given culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Horus (Egyptian Heru) is one of the oldest and most important gods of Egypt, the falcon-headed god of the sky and of kingship. In the Osiris <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A traditional narrative about gods, origins, and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> he is the son of Osiris and Isis. After the murder of Osiris by Seth, Horus is raised in secret by Isis, fights as an adult against Seth for the kingship and prevails. He becomes the legitimate ruler and the divine archetype of every earthly pharaoh. Every reigning pharaoh was regarded as Horus on earth, and every deceased pharaoh as Osiris in the beyond.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What is the Eye of Horus (Udjat)?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The Eye of Horus, ancient Egyptian emblem of healing and wholeness.\" tabindex=\"0\">Udjat eye<\/span> (also Wedjat) is one of the most famous symbols of Egyptian culture: the restored eye of Horus, lost in the struggle against Seth and healed by the moon god Thoth with saliva. It signifies restoration, protection, wholeness, and healing. 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With a falcon&#8217;s head and the solar disc, in the hand of the priest and on the throne of the pharaoh, he embodies legitimate rule over Egypt and the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4177,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Horus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Horus: Egyptian Falcon God and Lord of Kingship","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Falcon god, Eye of Horus, symbol of rule and healing. Mythology, the temple at Edfu, and significance in ancient Egypt.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,87,86],"class_list":["post-4176","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-egypt","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Horus: Egyptian Falcon God and Lord of Kingship<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Falcon god, Eye of Horus, symbol of rule and healing. 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