{"id":4173,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:22","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/isis\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:31","slug":"isis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/isis\/","title":{"rendered":"Isis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4173\" class=\"elementor elementor-4173 elementor-2050 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isis, goddess of the Egyptian tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis is a goddess of the Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Goddess of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, motherhood, healing and resurrection.<\/strong> Isis is the sorceress who reassembles her dismembered husband Osiris and raises his child Horus in secret.<\/p><p>With crown or forehead <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A vivid image that stands for an abstract idea.\" tabindex=\"0\">emblem<\/span>, with wings and feminine power, she is nurturing as much as magically active, not only a mother but an agent. Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> outlasted Egyptian civilisation and spread as far as Rome, where she was still venerated in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional period between Antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">Late Antiquity<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: personified highest power within a culture's pantheon, with clearly defined responsibilities such as forces of nature, fate, war and fertility. Venerated through cults, offerings and temple institutions.\">Goddess<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/egypt\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mythology of the ancient Nile valley, ca. 3000 BCE to 30 BCE.\">Egypt<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_isis-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4174\" alt=\"Isis - Gods of the Egyptian tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_isis-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_isis-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_isis-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_aegypten_isis.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Isis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Major Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span>, goddess of motherhood, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> and the protection of the dead<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of the gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Egypt, later Mediterranean-wide (Hellenistic and Roman)<br>Function: motherhood, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> healing, protection of the dead, resurrection<br>Principal attributes: throne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Signs of ancient Egyptian pictographic writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">hieroglyph<\/span> on the head, sun disc with cow horns, knot <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object carried on the person, to which a protective, evil-averting power is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> (Tit)<br>Principal cult sites: Philae (island in the Nile), Behbeit el-Hagar, Pompeii, Rome<br>Greek identification: Isis (taken over unchanged)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis is attested from the 5th Dynasty onward (ca. 2400 BCE), appearing in the Pyramid Texts as the sister and wife of Osiris. Her importance grows steadily; in the Middle and New Kingdoms she becomes the most important goddess of Egypt.<\/p><p>In the Hellenistic period (from the 3rd century BCE) the cult of Isis spreads across the entire Mediterranean; in Roman times Isis is one of the most popular deities of the empire, with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A structure that serves the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> from Britain to Mesopotamia. The last <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of Isis at Philae was closed only in 537 CE under Justinian.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geographic range<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Principal Egyptian cult sites: <strong>Philae<\/strong> (island at the First Cataract, her most famous <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>), <strong>Behbeit el-Hagar<\/strong> (Delta, large Ptolemaic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span>), Abydos (connection to the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of Osiris). Outside Egypt: Pompeii, Rome (Iseum Campense), Delos (Hellenistic diaspora), London (Iseum on the Walbrook). With Christian Late Antiquity the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> gradually faded.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source situation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Central sources: the Pyramid Texts (spells 532, 670), the <em>Tale of Isis and Re<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>), Plutarch&#8217;s treatise <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em> (the most extensive Greco-Roman source), the novel <em>Metamorphoses<\/em> by Apuleius (Book XI: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition by which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> into the Mysteries of Isis), and the inscriptions of the temple of Philae.<\/p><p>Secondary literature: Witt, <em>Isis in the Greco-Roman World<\/em>; M\u00fcnster, <em>Untersuchungen zur G\u00f6ttin Isis<\/em>; Bonnet, <em>Reallexikon<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name and variants<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis is depicted with a throne crown on her brow (the hieroglyphic sign for throne) or as a seated female figure with horns and sun disc. She often bears large falcon wings, not as a bird but as a protective force.<\/p><p>The <em>Ankh<\/em> (cross with a loop), the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands for an idea or meaning beyond itself.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of vital force, rests in her hand. The <em>uraeus<\/em> (serpent) adorns her brow. In papyri she is shown with curled hair and Egyptian dress, sometimes with Osiris or with Horus at her breast.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis is the sorceress of restoration. After Seth murders Osiris, Isis gathers her husband&#8217;s limbs, conjures him back into life and conceives from him the child Horus. Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> (<em>Heka<\/em>) is not malign but life-sustaining.<\/p><p>In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> of Philae she was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> daily in rites; priestesses sang hymns to her, and the faithful brought <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity, expressing thanks, petition or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>. She was the patroness of women, mothers and midwives. In the Ptolemaic and Roman periods, mystery rites in honour of Isis were celebrated, comparable to the Eleusinian Mysteries.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Isis<\/em> is most often depicted as a woman crowned with the diadem of the <em>throne hieroglyph<\/em> (her name literally means &#8220;throne&#8221;). In her hand she holds the <em>Ankh<\/em> cross, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands for an idea or meaning beyond itself.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of eternal life. At her side, falcon wings are often shown, which she spreads, trembling, around the dying <em>Osiris<\/em>.<\/p><p>The sistrum is her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> instrument. Her colour is deep blue or gold. She is also depicted as a black cow or as a falcon with a woman&#8217;s face, in her psychopompic role as a guide of souls.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Isis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Isis at a glance. The following fields summarise origin, function, appearance, veneration, symbols and parallels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Origin of Isis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis is the daughter of Geb (earth god) and Nut (sky goddess), sister and wife of <em>Osiris<\/em>, sister of Seth and Nephthys, mother of Horus.<\/p><p>In the myth of Osiris she reconstructs the body of her husband, dismembered by Seth; through her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, Osiris becomes the first deceased to enter the afterworld and rule there.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isis's audience<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mother, widow, sorceress, patroness of the dead and healer. <em>Mysteries of resurrection<\/em> around her and Osiris formed a central element of the Hellenistic-Roman cult of Isis; initiates experienced death and rebirth symbolically.<\/p><p>For women she was patroness in every phase of life. As goddess of healing, healing texts have been attributed to her since the Late Period (Isis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> on the so-called healing stelae).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance of Isis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anthropomorphic, as a woman with the throne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Signs of ancient Egyptian pictographic writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">hieroglyph<\/span> (her name <em>Aset<\/em> means &#8220;throne&#8221;) on her head, or with cow horns and sun disc (the Hathor crown, which she adopted in later times).<\/p><p>Frequently seated with the Horus child on her lap, an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> that influenced the early Christian image of Mary with the child. In the Hellenistic world she is often shown in Greek dress, with sistrum and situla (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> bucket).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sphere of influence of Isis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sphere of influence:<\/strong> Isis was the goddess to whom people of every social rank and gender turned, in Roman times especially women, slaves and freedmen. The Mysteries of Isis (initiatory cult) promised protection in this life and a happy lot in the next.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the worship of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">Temples<\/span> were typically governed by morning, noon and closing rites; priests shaved their bodies and wore white linen. Apuleius describes the Isis experience as the central spiritual turning point of his life.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Means of protection associated with Isis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Throne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Signs of ancient Egyptian pictographic writing.\" tabindex=\"0\">hieroglyph<\/span> (on the head), Tit knot (Isis knot, protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object carried on the person, to which a protective, evil-averting power is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span>), sistrum, situla (ritual water vessel), sun disc with cow horns, outspread winged arms (protectress of the dead), lotus. In the Late Period: the star Sothis (Sirius). Plant: the persea tree.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels to Isis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Hathor<\/em> (Egypt, late fusion), <em>Demeter<\/em> (Greece, mother and mediator of mysteries), <em>Aphrodite<\/em> (love and motherhood), <em>Inanna\/Ishtar<\/em> (Mesopotamia, goddess of power), <em>Astarte<\/em> (Phoenicia), <em>Mary<\/em> (Christian tradition, iconographic continuity with the Isis lactans type). In a wider comparison: <em>Lakshmi<\/em> (Hinduism), <em>Kuan-Yin<\/em> (Buddhism, goddess of compassion).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Practical means of protection<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Veneration in everyday life<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Rituals and invocations<\/strong><br>The festival of Navigium Isidis opened the sailing season. Apuleius describes the initiation into the Mysteries of Isis in the eleventh book of his <em>Metamorphoses<\/em>; rites of incubation (healing sleep) are also attested in her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred place dedicated to the veneration of a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctuaries<\/span>.<\/p><\/div><p><strong>Conjurations and invocations<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Textual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">transmission<\/span> and formulas<\/strong><br>The Pyramid Texts, the Isis-Osiris <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> in Plutarch&#8217;s treatise <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em>, the tale of Isis and the secret name of Re, and the Greco-Roman Isis aretalogies all transmit her figure.<\/p><\/div><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amulets<\/span> and protective symbols<\/strong><\/p><div><p><strong>Material <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Plural of apotropaion: objects and signs intended to ward off evil.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaia<\/span> and archaeological evidence<\/strong><br>The Tit knot, the so-called &#8220;blood of Isis&#8221; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object carried on the person, to which a protective, evil-averting power is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> of red stone, figurines of the nursing Isis (Isis lactans) and Isis amulets were widespread throughout the Roman Mediterranean.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isis, parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Isis resembles Demeter (mother, mourning, resurrection), Hera (queen and consort) and Aphrodite (sexual power). Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring thematic element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of resurrection appears in numerous cultures: Persephone (Greece), Inanna (Mesopotamia).<\/p><p>The figure of the sorceress mother is universal; Isis embodies it with particular ritual and literary elaboration. In later <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span> she develops into a proto-Marian figure, which likely shaped Coptic and Christian iconography.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp38246bf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp38246bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6869337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6869337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isis in the myth of Osiris<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d20db0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8d20db0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcc8d8d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcc8d8d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The central narrative around Isis is the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Osiris. Her brother and husband Osiris is murdered by his brother Seth; in some versions he is enclosed in a coffin and cast into the Nile, in others cut into pieces and scattered across the land.<\/p><p>Isis wanders the land, gathers the parts of the body and reassembles the body of Osiris. With the help of her magical abilities she revives him just far enough to conceive from him their son <a href=\"\/en\/horus\/\">Horus<\/a>.<\/p><p>A continuous, self-contained narrative of this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> has not come down to us from Egyptian sources themselves. We know it above all from numerous allusions in Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, hymns and ritual texts, as well as from a detailed but Greek-language, interpretively reworked version by Plutarch in his treatise <em>On Isis and Osiris<\/em>.<\/p><p>Egyptology therefore has to reconstruct the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> from many fragments, taking into account that the individual sources come from very different periods.<\/p><p>In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> Isis embodies several interconnected roles: the loyal wife mourning the dead, the powerful sorceress who restores life, and the mother who raises and protects the heir. This combination of mourning, magical efficacy and motherhood constitutes her distinctive position.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> also served royal ideology, for the deceased king was identified with Osiris and the living king with Horus, so that Isis was at once the mother of the reigning pharaoh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea0ce1d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpea0ce1d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74e87f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp74e87f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The powerful sorceress<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8845fcd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8845fcd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac2e8e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpac2e8e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Egyptians regarded Isis as the most effective deity in matters of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>. Her Egyptian name <em>Aset<\/em> is connected with the word for throne, but her significance is not exhausted by this connection.<\/p><p>In numerous texts she appears as the goddess who knows healing and protective spells, who banishes diseases and wards off dangerous animals.<\/p><p>A well-known text recounts how Isis, by means of a ruse, gains power over the sun god Re. She fashions a venomous serpent from his spittle and from earth; the serpent bites Re. Since only Isis can banish the venom, she compels the suffering sun god to reveal his secret, true name to her, for knowledge of the name confers power over its bearer.<\/p><p>This narrative illustrates the Egyptian conception of the power of knowledge and of the word, and presents Isis as the superior mistress of this art.<\/p><p>In everyday life this had practical consequences. Numerous protective spells for mother and child invoked Isis, because in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> she had preserved the Horus child in the marshes of the Nile delta from serpents, scorpions and the pursuit of Seth.<\/p><p>On the so-called Horus stelae, or Horus cippi, small stone plaques bearing images and spells, water was poured over the depiction and then drunk for its healing power. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that investigates religions comparatively, without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religious studies<\/span> see in Isis an example of how closely <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>, medicine and protective practice were intertwined in Egypt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9d3c1e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9d3c1e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd65533d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd65533d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The spread of the Isis cult across the Mediterranean<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb91d32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpeb91d32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1851a8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1851a8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Hellenistic and Roman times Isis became a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of significance far beyond Egypt. Starting from Egypt, and especially from Alexandria, her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> spread across the entire Mediterranean.<\/p><p>Merchants, soldiers and travellers carried it further; sanctuaries of Isis are attested on the island of Delos, in Pompeii, in Rome itself and as far as Britain and the Rhine.<\/p><p>This Isis cult was not a simple export of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> Egyptian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span> but a reshaping. Isis took on features of Greek goddesses and became a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> who appeared responsible for many spheres of life: for seafaring, for fate, for fertility, and for the hope of a good lot after death.<\/p><p>Mystery initiations developed: rites of initiation that promised the initiate a special closeness to the goddess and a prospect of salvation. The Roman author Apuleius gave an impressive, though literarily shaped, account of such an initiation into the Mysteries of Isis in the eleventh book of his novel <em>The Golden Ass<\/em>.<\/p><p>The Roman authorities at times regarded the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> with suspicion and several times in the late Republic moved against the sanctuaries of Isis in Rome. Under the empire, however, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> established itself and at times enjoyed imperial patronage. Only with the rise of Christianity did it lose ground, dying out in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional period between Antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">Late Antiquity<\/span>.<\/p><p>Scholarship has long debated the degree to which the veneration of Isis, in particular the image of the enthroned goddess with the child, influenced the Christian depiction of Mary. Caution is in order here: there are points of contact in the visual language, but a direct, straightforward line of derivation cannot be demonstrated.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7901883 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7901883\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9b499a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe9b499a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iconography and temples<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9a28d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe9a28d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d540fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2d540fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Egyptian art, Isis is recognisable by certain features. She frequently wears on her head the hieroglyphic sign for throne, which writes her name. In later times, especially when she merges closely with the goddess Hathor, she appears with the cow horns and the sun disc.<\/p><p>A widespread image type shows her seated, nursing the Horus child on her lap; this type, often called <em>Isis lactans<\/em> in scholarship, was especially widespread in Greco-Roman times.<\/p><p>A symbol of her own is the so-called Isis knot, Egyptian <em>tit<\/em>, a loop-like sign worn as a protective <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An object carried on the person, to which a protective, evil-averting power is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> and often appearing together with the Djed pillar of Osiris. Mourning depictions of Isis, frequently with outspread winged arms, also protect the deceased in tombs and on coffins.<\/p><p>The most important surviving temple of Isis stands on the island of Philae in southern Egypt.<\/p><p>It was extended over several centuries, especially in Ptolemaic and Roman times, and remained one of the last active sanctuaries of ancient Egyptian religion; the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> there was officially terminated only in the 6th century CE. Because of the construction of the Aswan dams, the entire temple complex was dismantled in the 20th century in a major international effort and reassembled on a neighbouring, higher-lying island.<\/p><p>Philae illustrates vividly how far the veneration of Isis reached, from the early Pyramid Texts to almost a thousand years after the end of pharaonic Egypt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/osiris\/\">Osiris, husband, god of resurrection<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/horus\/\">Horus, son<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/nephthys\/\">Nephthys, sister<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/seth\/\">Seth, brother and antagonist<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/hathor\/\">Hathor, mother goddess fused with Isis in late times<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/egypt\/\">Egypt, overview of the pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/gods\/\">Gods, overview of the class<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scholarly literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Witt, R. E.: <em>Isis in the Ancient World<\/em> (originally <em>Isis in the Greco-Roman World<\/em>). Baltimore 1997.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>M\u00fcnster, Maria: <em>Untersuchungen zur G\u00f6ttin Isis<\/em>. Berlin 1968.<\/span><\/li><li>Plutarch: <em>De Iside et Osiride<\/em> (numerous translations).<\/li><li>Apuleius: <em>Metamorphoses \/ The Golden Ass<\/em>, Book XI.<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d749b69 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d749b69\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2639ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2639ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently asked questions about Isis<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who was the goddess Isis in Egypt?<\/h3><p>Isis (Egyptian Aset, &#8220;she of the throne&#8221;) is the central goddess of the Egyptian pantheon, wife and sister of Osiris, mother of Horus, embodiment of magical power (Heka). In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Osiris she gathers the dismembered limbs of her husband and revives him through magical knowledge.<\/p><p>She protects her son Horus by transforming into a vulture and raises him in hiding in the reed thickets of Chemmis. Isis is regarded as the goddess of maternal love, of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, of seafaring and of reversals of fate.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>How did the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of Isis spread into the Roman Empire?<\/h3><p>The cult of Isis was one of the most important oriental cults in the Hellenistic-Roman world. Its Hellenisation began in Alexandria as early as the 4th century BCE.<\/p><p>In the 1st century BCE it reached Rome, despite repeated bans by the Senate (it was felt to be too foreign and too popular among women and slaves).<\/p><p>Under the emperor Caligula, Isis was officially recognised. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> spread from Britain to Mesopotamia. Apuleius (Metamorphoses, Book 11, 2nd century) describes an Isis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual transition by which someone is admitted into a new status or community.\" tabindex=\"0\">initiation<\/span> in striking detail. Only the Christian turn from 391 CE onward brought the cult of Isis to an end.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who was the goddess Isis in Egypt?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Isis (Egyptian Aset, \\\"she of the throne\\\") is the central goddess of the Egyptian pantheon, wife and sister of Osiris, mother of Horus, embodiment of magical power (Heka). In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A handed-down narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of Osiris she gathers the dismembered limbs of her husband and revives him through magical knowledge. She protects her son Horus by transforming into a vulture and raises him in hiding in the reed thickets of Chemmis. Isis is regarded as the goddess of maternal love, of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, of seafaring and of reversals of fate.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How did the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The whole of the religious acts of veneration directed at a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of Isis spread into the Roman Empire?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The cult of Isis was one of the most important oriental cults in the Hellenistic-Roman world. Its Hellenisation began in Alexandria as early as the 4th century BCE. In the 1st century BCE it reached Rome, despite repeated bans by the Senate (it was felt to be too foreign and too popular among women and slaves). Under the emperor Caligula, Isis was officially recognised. 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With crown or forehead emblem, with wings and feminine power, she is nurturing as much as magically [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4174,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Isis","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Isis: Egyptian Goddess of Magic and Resurrection","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Isis, Egyptian goddess of magic and resurrection. Throne crown, falcon wings, Heka magic. Mythology, the temple of Philae, her cult in Egypt and Rome.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,87,86],"class_list":["post-4173","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-egypt","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Isis: Egyptian Goddess of Magic and Resurrection<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Isis, Egyptian goddess of magic and resurrection. Throne crown, falcon wings, Heka magic. 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