{"id":4133,"date":"2026-04-27T10:36:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:36:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/thor\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:15","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:15","slug":"thor","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/thor\/","title":{"rendered":"Thor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4133\" class=\"elementor elementor-4133 elementor-2095 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor, god of the Germanic tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor is the god of thunder, lightning and protection in the Germanic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>. As the son of Odin and protector of humankind and the gods, he stands for strength, courage and order against chaos.<\/p><p>In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span>, Thor is an example of the central role of the weather god in Indo-European pantheons and of his subsequent reshaping into a protector <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> of farmers and warriors.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"God \/ Goddess: Personified highest power in the pantheon of a culture, with clearly defined domains: forces of nature, fate, war, fertility. Venerated through cults, sacrifices and temple institutions.\">God<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/germanic\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Pre-Christian world of gods and spirits of Northern and Central Europe.\">Germanic<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4134\" alt=\"Thor - Gods from the Germanic tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_thor.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor embodies strength, wrath, thunder and the protection of Midgard. His central qualities are power, endurance, loyalty and a direct, straightforward nature. In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> Thor fights giants, drives his goat-drawn chariot across the sky and wields the hammer Mj\u00f6lnir.<\/p><p>His adventures fill large parts of the Prose Edda and the Poetic Edda. The central myths are Thor&#8217;s fishing trip against the Midgard Serpent, the theft of the hammer and his contest with the giant king Thrym.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At a glance: Thor<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The sources are <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Icelandic scholar (1179\u20131241); author of the Prose Edda and the Heimskringla.\">Snorri Sturluson<\/span>&#8216;s Prose Edda, the Poetic Edda (especially \u00derymskvi\u00f0a and H\u00e1rbar\u00f0slj\u00f3\u00f0), Tacitus&#8217;s Germania, archaeological finds (Thor <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span>, runestones) and Nordic place names.<\/p><p>Secondary works include Rudolf Simek (Lexikon der germanischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>), Jan de Vries (Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte), Georges Dum\u00e9zil and Kurt N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m. Veneration of Thor was widespread in Scandinavia and in Northern and Central Europe and is still attested today in the weekday name Thursday.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the texts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The continuity of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> across these long spans is striking and indicates a deep, stable cultural anchoring. Even in modern times the memory and at times active veneration remain alive, sometimes transformed, but still recognisable in their basic outlines.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Area of distribution<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was not confined to particular regions or localities, but was known and either venerated or respectfully feared throughout the Germanic world. Whether in larger urban centres or in peripheral rural areas, whether among social elites or among ordinary people, the spiritual and cultural significance of this figure was consistently recognised.<\/p><p>This points to a central role in the self-understanding of the entire population. Trade, migration and cultural exchange contributed to the geographical spread and to the relative uniformity of veneration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source situation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Primary sources: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Icelandic scholar (1179\u20131241); author of the Prose Edda and the Heimskringla.\">Snorri Sturluson<\/span>&#8216;s Prose Edda (especially Gylfaginning and Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l), the Poetic Edda (\u00derymskvi\u00f0a, H\u00e1rbar\u00f0slj\u00f3\u00f0, Hymiskvi\u00f0a), Tacitus&#8217;s Germania (chapter 9: mention of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of Donar), late Roman inscriptions from Germania (IOM = Iovi Optimo Maximo, often understood as Thor <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The merging of ideas or deities from different religious traditions.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretism<\/span>) and runic inscriptions. Time span: 1st century BCE to 13th century CE. Researchers: Rudolf Simek, Jan de Vries, Folke Str\u00f6m, Kurt N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m, Jens Peter Schj\u00f8dt. Archaeological evidence includes Mj\u00f6lnir amulets, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The concrete object or food offered to a deity.\" tabindex=\"0\">offering<\/span> finds and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temples<\/span> at Uppsala and Lade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Names and spellings<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor is depicted across the various sources and artistic traditions with certain recurring iconographic elements that remain relatively constant over decades and across different geographical regions.<\/p><p>These elements are not merely decorative or arbitrary, but are deeply <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> and carry substantial meaning. They convey the figure&#8217;s central functions, sources of power, areas of responsibility and cosmic role.<\/p><p>The system as a whole functions like a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the divine and thereby withdrawn from everyday use.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacred<\/span> script or a coded image; it allows the initiated or culturally educated viewer to grasp the essential underlying meaning. Colours, sacred objects or weapons, bodily attributes and specific accessories are all significant and traditionally transmitted.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor stood at the centre of religious practice, everyday <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> and ordinary understanding among the Germanic peoples. People turned to this figure in critical or specific life situations or at particular ritual seasons of the year, with structured, often elaborate rites, prayers or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">offerings<\/span>.<\/p><p>This practice was not arbitrary or ad hoc, but precisely transmitted and frequently led by trained priests (go\u00f0ar, heathen priests) or other specialists.<\/p><p>The continuity of these practices over many generations shows clearly that the practice was regarded as effective and necessary. Functions were varied: some were preventive (warding off potential misfortune), some healing (relieving illness or suffering), some transformative (accompanying transitions between life stages).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Thor<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>This profile sets out Thor&#8217;s nature along six dimensions: his mythical and genealogical origin, the practice of his veneration among warriors and farmers, his characteristic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> as a god of strength with hammer, the significance of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> and divine protection, comparable figures in other Indo-European and neighbouring cultures, and a concluding synthesis of his role in the cosmic struggle against chaos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor's origins<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor derives from Indo-European thunder and weather gods (Indra, Zeus, Iuppiter). Within Germanic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span> he is set in the early <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Originating from the period before the spread of Christianity.\" tabindex=\"0\">pre-Christian<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehistoric epoch following the Bronze Age, characterised by the working of iron.\" tabindex=\"0\">Iron Age<\/span> (roughly 500 BCE to 1000 CE).<\/p><p>Tacitus mentions his <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of religious veneration practices for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> under the name Donar among the Chatti and the Batavi. The Scandinavian sources (the Edda) were written down around 1200 CE, but preserve older oral traditions. The triad of Wodan, Donar\/Thor and Tiwaz was widespread in Germania.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Addressees<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> by warriors before battle, by farmers at the harvest, by seafarers and by craftsmen. In Scandinavia in particular, the veneration of Thor was broadly based: kings and free farmers alike made offerings to him. Thursday (\u00de\u00f3rsdagr) was his sacred day.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Written characters of the Germanic peoples, also used for protective and incantatory formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">Rune<\/span> amulets bearing Mj\u00f6lnir were carried by warriors. In Iceland, the oath sworn on Thor&#8217;s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Raised place or table for offerings and religious acts.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span> was held more binding than that sworn on other gods. The berserkir (frenzied warriors) regarded Thor as their patron god of battle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor's appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was depicted as a tall, bearded man with red hair and beard, muscular and powerful. His central attributes are the hammer Mj\u00f6lnir (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands for an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of the lightning strike and of strength), his belt Megingj\u00f6r\u00f0 (the belt of strength) and his iron gloves.<\/p><p>In runic contexts he was represented by the Thor&#8217;s hammer sign. Archaeological finds include Mj\u00f6lnir amulets of silver and bronze. In iconography he drives a goat-drawn chariot across the sky, generating thunder as he travels.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Activity<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was credited with the power to hurl lightning, to bring rain and to crush his enemies. His strength was extraordinary: he could slay giants and even wound the Midgard Serpent (though not kill it, since it survives until Ragnar\u00f6k).<\/p><p>Through his hammer Mj\u00f6lnir, Thor could defend himself and drive off his enemies. His <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The bestowal of well-being and protection, often in a fixed linguistic form.\" tabindex=\"0\">blessing<\/span> was held to make harvests abundant and wars victorious. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Verbal formula by which harm is to be inflicted on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">Curses<\/span> against Thor were regarded as particularly grave and required strong counter-measures.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was the object of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address of a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> and reverent veneration, as a protector as much as a feared power. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A gift to a deity to express thanks, petition or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">Offerings<\/span> included bulls, sheep, horses and bread. Before battle, warriors swore on Thor&#8217;s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Raised place or table for offerings and religious acts.\" tabindex=\"0\">altar<\/span>. Mj\u00f6lnir amulets were hung in houses to ward off harmful forces.<\/p><p>During thunderstorms people prayed to Thor for protection from lightning. During the Christianisation of Scandinavia, heathens held fast to the veneration of Thor because it felt more immediate and tangible than the more abstract Odin <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related beings<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zeus and Iuppiter are the Greek and Roman parallels with similar attributes (lightning, strength). Yet Zeus is primarily a king, while Thor is primarily a fighter and protector.<\/p><p>Indra in Hinduism is a close structural parallel: warrior god, hurler of lightning, fighter against <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span>. The Celtic Taranis shows similar functions. In the Slavic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>, Perun corresponds to Thor.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor: parallels in other cultures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunder, storm and war gods bearing the hammer as their insignia recur in many Indo-European mythologies; comparable figures include the Hittite Tarhunna, the Vedic Indra and the Baltic Perk\u016bnas, each culturally distinctive but functionally related.<\/p><p><p><strong>Jewish tradition:<\/strong> Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly doctrine of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> does not include a thunder or weather god comparable to Thor. YHWH manifests in storm phenomena (the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Manifestation of God, the self-revelation of a deity to humans; the classical example is the Sinai theophany.\">theophany<\/span> at Sinai), but Thor is more specifically concerned with warfare and protection. There is no direct parallel, but a structural similarity in the manifestation of power.<\/p><p><strong>Greco-Roman world:<\/strong> Zeus and his Roman counterpart Iuppiter are the closest comparisons: hurlers of lightning, holders of royal power.<\/p><p>Yet Zeus stands higher in the hierarchy and is primarily a king, whereas Thor ranks below several gods and takes the role of protector. Ares shares the warlike aspects with Thor, but without the function of a weather god.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Adad\/Hadad is a weather god with a similar lightning function, though less personal and dramatic than Thor. Ninurta is a war god with a comparable combat narrative, but without the thunder aspect.<\/p><p><strong>India and Asia:<\/strong> Indra is the closest parallel: warrior king, hurler of lightning (vajra), fighter against demons (Vritra). Later displaced by Vishnu and Shiva, he remains structurally identical. In Buddhism, Shakra\/Indra holds a minor position but does not lose his attributes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa94cb7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa94cb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp54feb73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp54feb73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor's fishing trip against the Midgard Serpent<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp581887b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp581887b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0e0265 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb0e0265\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the best-known individual narratives about Thor is his fishing trip, in which he hauls the world serpent J\u00f6rmungandr out of the sea.<\/p><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> is transmitted several times over: in the Eddic poem <em>Hymiskvi\u00f0a<\/em>, in Snorri Sturluson&#8217;s <em>Prose Edda<\/em> and in allusions in several skaldic poems, such as the <em>H\u00fasdr\u00e1pa<\/em> of \u00dalfr Uggason.<\/p><p>Thor goes to the giant Hymir to set out to sea with him. As bait, he tears the head from one of the giant&#8217;s oxen.<\/p><p>Once at sea, Thor rows far beyond the familiar fishing grounds until Hymir becomes afraid. Thor casts his line baited with the ox head, and the Midgard Serpent takes the bait.<\/p><p>A tremendous struggle ensues. Thor braces himself so powerfully against the bottom of the boat that his feet break through the planks and find purchase on the sea floor. He pulls the serpent up until its head rises above the gunwale and raises his hammer to strike.<\/p><p>At this point the versions diverge. According to Snorri, the terrified Hymir cuts the fishing line, so that the serpent sinks back into the sea; Thor strikes in vain or merely grazes it. In other allusions Thor seems actually to deliver the blow.<\/p><p>Scholarship sees in this episode a pictorial anticipation of the final confrontation at the end of the world. Several picture stones, including finds from Sweden, England and Denmark, show a scene most often interpreted as this fishing trip, attesting to the wide currency of the material already in the Viking Age.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped84c2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cped84c2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12f9869 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp12f9869\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mj\u00f6lnir: forging myth, function and archaeological evidence<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp83bbc93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp83bbc93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca15ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca15ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor&#8217;s hammer Mj\u00f6lnir is his most important attribute. In the <em>Prose Edda<\/em>, Snorri recounts how the hammer came into being. Loki had precious objects forged by the dwarfs, the sons of Ivaldi and the brothers Brokk and Eitri.<\/p><p>In a contest over the best work, Brokk and Eitri produced the hammer, but because Loki, in the form of a fly, harassed the dwarf working the bellows, the haft turned out too short.<\/p><p>Despite this flaw, Mj\u00f6lnir was judged the most valuable work, because it never missed its target and returned to the hand after being thrown.<\/p><p>Mj\u00f6lnir is not only a weapon against the giants but also an instrument of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A ritual act by which an object, place or person is dedicated to the religious sphere.\" tabindex=\"0\">consecration<\/span>. In <em>\u00derymskvi\u00f0a<\/em> the hammer is used to bless a bride, and elsewhere too it appears as a sanctifying implement, for instance in the revival of Thor&#8217;s goats.<\/p><p>This dual function as a destroying and a consecrating power is central to an understanding of Thor.<\/p><p>Archaeologically, Mj\u00f6lnir is attested by numerous hammer pendants, small amulets of silver, bronze or iron, found across Scandinavia and the Viking sphere of influence. Their distribution increased in the 10th century, precisely during the onset of Christianisation.<\/p><p>Scholars interpret this in part as a conscious heathen statement set off against the Christian cross. A mould find from Denmark, in which cross and hammer shapes could be cast side by side, illustrates the religious coexistence of the period with particular clarity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b6b7d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9b6b7d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp42a88ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp42a88ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thor in the religious practice of the Viking Age<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f657a0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1f657a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07126b7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07126b7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor was not a distant god, but a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A being venerated as divine within a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">deity<\/span> widely venerated in everyday life, possibly the most popular among farmers and ordinary free people. Several lines of evidence point in this direction.<\/p><p>First, personal names: names formed with the element Thor, such as \u00deorsteinn, \u00deorgeirr or \u00deorger\u00f0r, are among the most frequent in the Old Norse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>. Second, place names: in Norway, Sweden, Denmark and in the areas settled by Northmen, numerous places bear names that refer to a Thor <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of religious veneration practices for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span>.<\/p><p>The Icelandic sagas, especially the <em>Eyrbyggja <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative often with a historical core and miraculous features.\" tabindex=\"0\">saga<\/span><\/em> and the <em>Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k<\/em>, describe settlers who were particularly devoted to Thor, who <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> to him or threw his wooden high-seat pillars into the sea in order to find the place of settlement determined by him.<\/p><p>These reports, however, are later, shaped by Christian editing, and must be read with caution.<\/p><p>In the 11th century, Adam of Bremen describes the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A building dedicated to the veneration of one or more deities.\" tabindex=\"0\">temple<\/span> at Uppsala and places Thor at its centre between Wodan and Fricco; Thor rules over thunder, wind, rain, fair weather and the crops.<\/p><p>Even though Adam&#8217;s account comes from a Christian outside perspective and is not reliable in every detail, it confirms Thor&#8217;s importance for weather and harvest, that is, for the livelihood of the farming population.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the study of religion, the picture that emerges is that of a god connected less with rulership and war than with protection, order and fertility, a god of the homestead and of the community.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e4387d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8e4387d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6d78bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6d78bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The thunder god in Indo-European comparison<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfaac837 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfaac837\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc407166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc407166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thor can be placed within a broad group of thunder deities of the Indo-European language family, a comparison that has occupied the comparative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">study of religion<\/span> since the 19th century. Related figures include the Baltic Perk\u016bnas, the Slavic Perun, the Vedic Indra and, in part, the Greek Zeus, where he appears as a storm god.<\/p><p>Several scholars, including Georges Dum\u00e9zil in the framework of his theory of the three social functions, have located Thor in the warrior or protective function.<\/p><p>Others emphasise more strongly the shared <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring element of content in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span> of the dragon or serpent combat, which in many Indo-European traditions is linked with the storm god. Thor&#8217;s opposition to the Midgard Serpent fits this pattern.<\/p><p>There are also linguistic indications. The name Thor, Old Norse <em>\u00de\u00f3rr<\/em>, Old High German <em>Donar<\/em>, Old English <em>\u00deunor<\/em>, goes back to a common Germanic word for thunder.<\/p><p>The translation of the Latin weekday name <em>dies Iovis<\/em>, the day of Jupiter, as Thursday, English <em>Thursday<\/em>, shows that <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> and medieval scholars equated Thor with Jupiter, that is, with the highest Roman god and lord of the storm.<\/p><p>For all the plausibility of these comparisons, more recent scholarship urges caution. Shared motifs may go back to common origin, but also to later exchange or to independent parallel development. The reconstruction of a unified Proto-Indo-European thunder god therefore remains a hypothesis that explains individual correspondences but not all of Thor&#8217;s particular features.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe7dfbd0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe7dfbd0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf20168 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdf20168\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">From heathen god to popular culture: the history of reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf86863a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf86863a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5a46695 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5a46695\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>After the Christianisation of Scandinavia the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of religious veneration practices for a deity or sacred figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">cult<\/span> of Thor disappeared, yet the narratives were preserved through the Icelandic literary tradition. Snorri Sturluson wrote his <em>Prose Edda<\/em> in the 13th century as a Christian scholar concerned to preserve the old material for the art of poetry.<\/p><p>Without this work and the manuscript tradition of the <em>Poetic Edda<\/em>, the greater part of the Thor myths would have been lost.<\/p><p>A broad rediscovery set in with the Romanticism of the late 18th and the 19th centuries. In Scandinavia and Germany, poets and scholars took up Nordic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">mythology<\/span>.<\/p><p>The Danish poet Adam Oehlenschl\u00e4ger devoted verses to Thor, and in Germany Jacob Grimm in his <em>Deutsche <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span><\/em>, among others, dealt extensively with Donar. This reception was not free of nationalist and ideological loading, which in parts of the 20th century turned dangerous when v\u00f6lkisch and National Socialist circles appropriated Germanic symbols.<\/p><p>In the 20th and 21st centuries, Thor became known worldwide primarily through the comic-book adaptation of the US publisher Marvel from 1962 onwards and through its later film adaptations. This popular version departs sharply from the medieval sources; it turns the red-bearded farmer&#8217;s god into a blond, youthful hero and invents numerous storylines anew.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the study of religion, this strand is to be treated less as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The transmission of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> than as an independent body of modern mythical material.<\/p><p>At the same time, since the late 20th century there have been neo-heathen movements that again venerate Thor in religious terms. For further reading on this <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>, see the entries on <a href=\"\/en\/odin\/\">Odin<\/a> and on <a href=\"\/en\/loki\/\">Loki<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further reading and links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recommended internal links for this page:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/germanic\/\">Germanic<\/a> (parent culture page)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/odin\/\">Odin<\/a> (chief god of the \u00c6sir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/freyja\/\">Freyja<\/a> (Vanir goddess and sister figure within the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of gods of a religion or culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/high-deities\/\">High Deities<\/a> (class overview)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Research literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Sources on Thor:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Icelandic scholar (1179\u20131241); author of the Prose Edda and the Heimskringla.\">Snorri Sturluson<\/span>: <em>Edda. Die Geschichten aus der nordischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>.<\/em> Translated by Arnulf Krause. Reclam, Stuttgart 1997.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Simek, Rudolf: <em>Lexikon der germanischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The body of transmitted narratives about the gods of a culture.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span>.<\/em> 3rd, completely revised edition. Kr\u00f6ner, Stuttgart 2006.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>de Vries, Jan: <em>Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte.<\/em> 2 volumes, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1956, 1957.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thor, god of the Germanic tradition Thor is the god of thunder, lightning and protection in the Germanic tradition. As the son of Odin and protector of humankind and the gods, he stands for strength, courage and order against chaos. In the study of religion, Thor is an example of the central role of the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4134,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Thor","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Thor: Germanic Thunder God and Protector","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Thor, the thunder god with the hammer Mj\u00f6lnir: protector of Midgard, his everyday worship in the North, and his afterlife into the present.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[79,89,86],"class_list":["post-4133","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultures","category-germanic","category-gods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - 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