{"id":4118,"date":"2026-04-21T09:29:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T09:29:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/lilith\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:12","slug":"lilith","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/lilith\/","title":{"rendered":"Lilith"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4118\" class=\"elementor elementor-4118 elementor-849\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith, Demoness of the Jewish Tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>A nocturnal figure between desert, birthing chamber and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish mysticism with principal works Sefer Yetzira, Zohar and the Lurianic school; doctrine of Sephirot, Tetragrammaton and Tikkun.\">Kabbalah<\/span>.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Demon \/ Demoness: A supernatural being with mostly harmful or ambivalent influence. It stands between gods and humans, causes illness, temptation or misfortune, and is averted by incantation, apotropaic objects and rituals.\">Demoness<\/span><a href=\"\/en\/judaism\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish religious tradition from the Tanakh to Kabbalah and modern mysticism.\">Judaism<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Es wurden keine \\u00dcberschriften auf dieser Seite gefunden.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of Contents\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_lilith-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-4119\" alt=\"Lilith - demons from the Jewish tradition, historical-illustrative\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_lilith-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_lilith-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_lilith-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_lilith.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lilith is the most consequential nocturnal demoness of Jewish-rabbinic writing and reaches back in her form to the Akkadian wind <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demons<\/span> <a href=\"\/en\/lilu-and-lilitu\/\">Lil\u00fb and Lil\u012btu<\/a>. From the singular biblical verse in Isaiah 34:14 through several <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of rabbinic Judaism, in Babylonian and Jerusalem recensions; contains Mishnah and Gemara.\">Talmud<\/span> passages and the medieval Alphabet of Ben Sira to the kabbalistic Adam-Lilith narrative, she transforms into the first wife of Adam, the one who refuses subordination.<\/p><p>In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious ideas and customs that are widespread in everyday life.\" tabindex=\"0\">folk belief<\/span> she remained a threat to women in childbed and to infants well into the modern era; in modern <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span>, since the 1970s, she has been re-read as a feminist counter-figure to Eve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Short Profile: Lilith<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Nocturnal demoness, counter-figure of the childbed, kabbalistic figure of the shadow side<br>Origin: Babylonian-Aramaic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span>, rabbinic-kabbalistic elaboration<br>Texts: Isaiah 34:14; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of rabbinic Judaism, in Babylonian and Jerusalem recensions; contains Mishnah and Gemara.\">Talmud<\/span>; Aramaic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A linguistic ritual intended to summon or bind a power.\" tabindex=\"0\">incantation<\/span> bowls; Alphabet of Ben Sira; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of medieval Jewish mysticism (Spain, 13th c.); kabbalistic Torah interpretation.\" tabindex=\"0\">Zohar<\/span><br>Period: Pre-exilic period to the present<br>Distribution: Babylonia, Palestine, diaspora worldwide<br>Defense: Kimpetzettel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span> bearing <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angelic<\/span> names, name-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> formulas for the protection of birth<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical Context<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Period of the Texts<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The name appears in the Tanakh only once (Isaiah 34:14). In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of rabbinic Judaism with exegesis of religious tradition.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> Lilith appears at several places as a demoness (Eruvin 100b, Niddah 24b, Shabbat 151b).<\/p><p>The Aramaic incantation bowls (4th to 7th c. CE) are a central source. The <em>Alphabet of Ben Sira<\/em> (8th to 10th c.) shapes the narrative figure. The Zohar (13th c.) systematises Lilith within the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish mysticism with principal works Sefer Yetzira, Zohar and the Lurianic school.\">Kabbalah<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Mythological Context<\/strong><\/p><p>In Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Religious current focused on direct experience of God; central in Jewish, Christian and Islamic tradition.\">mysticism<\/span> and occult traditions Lilith is a demonic or divine female being. She is often described as Adam&#8217;s first wife or as his demonic concubine. She embodies rebellion against patriarchal order. Lilith is a complex figure, reinterpreted as an autonomous woman.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Distribution<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Babylonia (Sasanian empire) as the centre of the incantation-bowl tradition; Palestine and the later rabbinic cultural area; medieval diaspora in Europe, North Africa and the Near East. Modern reception extends from Eastern Europe through Israel into English-language feminist and literary traditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Source Material<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Exceptionally rich and multilayered: a single biblical mention, rabbinic literature, Aramaic incantation bowls (a large body of inscribed texts), medieval amulets, kabbalistic texts, folk-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> handbooks, modern literary and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> reception. Likely the best-documented individual figure in the entire demonological history of the Mediterranean region.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Name<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebrew:<\/strong> <em>Lilith<\/em> (\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9\u05ea), derived in folk etymology from <em>layil<\/em> (&#8220;night&#8221;); scholarship rather traces it back to Babylonian antecedents (<em>lil\u012btu<\/em>).<br>Aramaic: <em>Lil\u012bt<\/em>, occasionally as a class <em>Liliyot<\/em>.<br>Greek-Latin: <em>Lilith<\/em> (in Jewish-Hellenistic texts); the Vulgate at Isaiah 34:14: <em>lamia<\/em>.<\/p><p>The identification in the Vulgate with Lamia is consequential in its later effects: it brings the Jewish Lilith into immediate proximity to the Greek-Roman demonesses of the childbed. The Babylonian <em>lil\u012btu<\/em> shares both name-root and function with Lilith, but is not a direct predecessor, rather a functional sister.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Characteristics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Appearance<\/strong><\/p><p>Often depicted as a winged woman with long hair. On the Aramaic incantation bowls she is shown bound, as a figure already subdued. On medieval amulets she is shown in chains; in kabbalistic <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The study of pictorial content and its meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">iconography<\/span> she appears as a dark figure of the Sitra Achra.<\/p><p><strong>Behaviour<\/strong><\/p><p>She enters houses at night, threatens pregnant women, abducts or kills newborns. In the erotic dimension, she seduces sleepers, has intercourse with them, and brings forth infertile &#8220;night-pregnancies&#8221;. In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Jewish mysticism with principal works Sefer Yetzira, Zohar and the Lurianic school.\">Kabbalah<\/span> context, she is the antagonist of the Shekhina, consort of Samael, ruler of the &#8220;other side&#8221;.<\/p><p><strong>Sphere of Action<\/strong><\/p><p>Night, the bedroom, the childbed, remote places of the desert. In the kabbalistic elaboration: the entire realm of the <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>, the dark mirror of the divine world.<\/p><p><strong>Mythological Origin<\/strong><\/p><p>According to the Alphabet of Ben Sira she is Adam&#8217;s first wife, created from the same earth. She refuses subordination, pronounces the name of God and flees.<\/p><p>Three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions a celestial messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>, Sanoi, Sansanoi, Semangelof, are sent after her but only achieve that she loses a hundred of her own children every day. In return she undertakes not to touch any child that wears an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which protective, evil-averting effect is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> bearing the names of the three angels.<\/p><p><strong>Appearance and Symbolism<\/strong><\/p><p>Lilith is often portrayed as beautiful and seductive, with long black hair. At times she has wings or a bird&#8217;s body. She carries herself with elegance. Some traditions show her with horns. The black rose, the owl and the moon are her symbols. Sexual force emanates from her.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profile: Lilith<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The most important aspects of Lilith at a glance. The detailed treatment of name, description, defense and parallels can be found in the following sections.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith's Origin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Desert and night as her original habitat. In the Alphabet of Ben Sira: Adam&#8217;s first wife, who has fled. In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>: consort of Samael, queen of the Sitra Achra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Object of Influence<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Women in childbed and infants, above all in the first eight days after birth. Pregnant women with complications. Sleeping men in the sense of the Jewish tradition concerning nocturnal seduction. In <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to the 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span> also travellers in the desert, since this was understood as Lilith&#8217;s habitat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Appearance<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A winged woman with long hair; on Aramaic incantation bowls she is shown bound; in medieval iconography she appears in chains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Function<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Infant death, childbed complications, miscarriage and stillbirth, nightmares, unwanted sexual experiences in sleep; in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late-antique<\/span> and rabbinic tradition also the loss of male seed. In kabbalistic writings, additionally, negative spiritual influence, impurity, the separation of the human being from the divine spark.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kimpetzettel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which protective, evil-averting effect is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> bearing the three angelic names Sanoi, Sansanoi, Semangelof. Ritual protective formulas in <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> and folk magic. Aramaic incantation bowls placed beneath thresholds. Mesusa (a small parchment scroll affixed to the doorpost) on the doorframe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith's Parallels<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Direct predecessors: <a href=\"\/en\/lilu-and-lilitu\/\">Lil\u00fb and Lil\u012btu<\/a> (Akkadian), <a href=\"\/en\/lamashtu\/\">Lamashtu<\/a> (Mesopotamian). Functionally related: <a href=\"\/en\/lamia\/\">Lamia<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en\/empusa\/\">Empusa<\/a> (Greece), <a href=\"\/en\/striga\/\">Striga<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en\/lamiae\/\">Lamiae<\/a> (Rome), <a href=\"\/en\/succubus\/\">Succubus<\/a> (medieval Christian). In the sense of the modern first-wife narrative, typologically related to <a href=\"\/en\/hecate\/\">Hekate<\/a> as a nocturnal power.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defense in Everyday Life<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Rituals of Defense<\/strong><\/p><p>The central protective practice is the <em>Kimpetzettel<\/em> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which protective, evil-averting effect is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> bearing the names of the three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions a celestial messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span> Sanoi, Sansanoi and Semangelof, transmitted in the Alphabet of Ben Sira (10th c.) and in use until modern times in Eastern European Jewish families. The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which protective, evil-averting effect is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> was hung above the bed of the woman in childbed and the infant.<\/p><p>The Aramaic incantation bowls from Sasanian Babylonia (5th to 8th c.) form the archaeologically attested earlier stage: in a clay bowl placed upon the floor, Lilith was bound by a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A magical or ecclesiastical exclusion; also the binding of a power by formula.\" tabindex=\"0\">banishing<\/span> formula scratched into the clay. Accompanying these were protective prayers, fumigations with juniper, and protective circles drawn around the childbed.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The totality of religious acts of veneration directed to a deity or holy figure.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cult<\/span> and Veneration<\/strong><\/p><p>Lilith was not venerated in orthodox Judaism, yet she was acknowledged in kabbalistic circles. In modern Satanism she is central. Rituals emphasise autonomy and rebellion. She is understood as protectress of women who say no. Her <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> is taken to imply the assumption of responsibility.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parallels and Reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Predecessors and Relatives<\/strong><\/p><p>The Akkadian Lil\u012btu, and in particular the ardat-lil\u00ee, are the direct linguistic and functional predecessors; the Hebrew <em>laylah<\/em> (&#8220;night&#8221;) is only secondarily associated with the name. The Egyptian Bes complex and the Mesopotamian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mesopotamian demoness regarded as a threat to pregnant women and newborns.\" tabindex=\"0\">Lamashtu<\/span> supply the functional profile of the protector and the threatener of women in childbed. The Greek Lamia is also comparable.<\/p><p><strong>Christian Reception<\/strong><\/p><p>In medieval Christian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> Lilith becomes the incarnation of the succubus. Jerome renders her in the Vulgate as <em>lamia<\/em>; scholastic demonology knows her as a nocturnal, sexual threat.<\/p><p>The witch-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch roughly from the 15th to the 18th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">early modern period<\/span> connects witchcraft with the Lilith <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A recurring substantive element in art or narrative.\" tabindex=\"0\">motif<\/span>: the witch as a Lilith-like threatener of the childbed belongs to the standard repertoire of the witch trials.<\/p><p><strong>Kabbalistic Tradition:<\/strong> In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of medieval Jewish mysticism (Spain, 13th c.); kabbalistic interpretation of the Torah.\">Zohar<\/span> (13th c.) and in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> of Luria (16th c.) Lilith becomes queen of the demons, consort of Samael, mother of all evil <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span>. She is given a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic study of God and the doctrines of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theological<\/span> function: she embodies the unredeemed feminine Shekhina and the threat to the divine plan of creation.<\/p><p><strong>Modern Reception<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>In the second wave of feminism, from the 1970s onward, Lilith is reinterpreted as a counter-figure to the subordinated Eve. Lilith Magazine (1976), Judith Plaskow&#8217;s <em>Standing Again at Sinai<\/em> (1990) and the Lilith Fair (1997) make her an icon of the Jewish-American women&#8217;s movement.<\/span><\/p><p>In popular and genre literature (Neil Gaiman, World of Darkness, Buffy the Vampire Slayer) she appears as a seductive, dangerous and at the same time empowered figure.<\/p><p><strong>Afterlife and Reception:<\/strong> In modern feminist spirituality Lilith is an iconic figure. She appears in popular culture, literature and music as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands in place of an idea or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> of freedom. In Judaica she is reinterpreted. In fantasy she is goddess of night and force. Her ambivalence makes her potent and contested.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaa1843b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpaa1843b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp86c3337 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp86c3337\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith in the Alphabet of Ben Sira: Adam's First Wife<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdbd06bf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpdbd06bf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc5bfd32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc5bfd32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The best-known narrative about Lilith, according to which she was Adam&#8217;s first wife, derives not from the Bible but from a single medieval source: the <em>Alphabet of Ben Sira<\/em>, an anonymous text that probably arose between the 8th and the 10th century.<\/p><p>This text is of an unusual character, partly learned, partly satirical, and its theological authority was already disputed within the Jewish tradition.<\/p><p>According to the story told there, God created Adam and Lilith together from the earth. A dispute arose because Lilith was unwilling to subordinate herself to Adam.<\/p><p>She argued that both had been created from the same earth and were therefore equal. When the dispute could not be settled, Lilith pronounced the secret name of God and fled.<\/p><p>God sent out three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions a celestial messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>, whose names the text gives, to bring her back. They found Lilith by the sea, but she refused to return. As a penalty, the narrative says, many of her children were to die every day.<\/p><p>Lilith for her part announced that she would harm newborn children, but promised not to harm any child that wore an <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which protective, evil-averting effect is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> bearing the names of the three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions a celestial messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>.<\/p><p>This narrative joins two older strands: on the one hand the already <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> conception of Lilith as a female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent influence is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> who threatens children, on the other the exegetical question why the biblical creation account in Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 appears to contain two different presentations of the creation of man and woman.<\/p><p>The text solves this exegetical problem by assuming a first, failed creation of the woman. It is important that this popular narrative is only medieval and does not form the starting point of the Lilith conception.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7f9117 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc7f9117\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe97df32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe97df32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Oldest Traces: From Mesopotamia to the Bible<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd0562a3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd0562a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp84e194b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp84e194b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The conception of Lilith is far older than medieval Judaism. Scholarship traces it back into Mesopotamian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">religion<\/span>. There exists in that context a group of demon names that are linguistically related to Lilith, including the female <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent influence is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span> <em>Lilitu<\/em> and related figures such as <em>Lilu<\/em> and <em>Ardat lili<\/em>.<\/p><p>These beings were associated with night, with storm, with unfulfilled sexuality and with the endangerment of pregnant women and children. A direct and unbroken line from these figures to the Jewish Lilith cannot, however, be established without gaps, and the precise relationship continues to be discussed in scholarship.<\/p><p>In the Hebrew Bible the name Lilith occurs only a single time, in a passage of the Book of Isaiah.<\/p><p>There, in a description of the devastation of Edom, a series of uncanny animals and beings is enumerated as inhabitants of the desolate landscape, and among them appears the Hebrew word that many translations render as Lilith.<\/p><p>The interpretation is difficult already here: some translations understand it as the proper name of a nocturnal demon, others as the designation of a nocturnal animal. The passage shows in any case that the word existed in biblical Hebrew and was connected with desolation and with night.<\/p><p>More significant than the single biblical passage are the extra-biblical testimonies of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>. In the texts of Qumran Lilith appears in a text of demon-aversion.<\/p><p>From this it follows that the conception of a demon named Lilith was familiar in the Jewish world of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span>, long before the medieval narrative of the first wife of Adam arose. The Lilith of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">antiquity<\/span> is first and foremost a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent influence is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, not a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A transmitted narrative about gods, origins and the order of the world.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> of the primal woman.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp98b3ae0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp98b3ae0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbf4a2f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbf4a2f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith on Incantation Bowls and Amulets<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc233c6a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc233c6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7789f8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7789f8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>One of the most important and most concrete groups of sources for the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to the 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late-antique<\/span> conception of Lilith are the so-called Babylonian incantation bowls. They are clay bowls, mostly from the 5th to the 7th century CE, found in the territory of present-day Iraq.<\/p><p>On their inside, incantation texts are written in spiral arrangement, often in Aramaic, with the drawn figure of a bound or fettered demon frequently at the centre.<\/p><p>Lilith, in the texts often in the plural as a whole class of Lilith demonesses, belongs to the beings most frequently named on these bowls. The texts aim to keep Lilith away from a house, from a particular person or from a family.<\/p><p>They describe Lilith as a being that enters houses, afflicts men and women, disturbs marriages and threatens above all pregnant women, women in childbed and infants. The bowls were buried upside-down beneath the floor or in the corners of houses, so as to capture the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent influence is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, as it were, within them.<\/p><p>In addition there are amulets, often of metal, bearing similar protective texts. These objects are particularly valuable in the history of religion because they document not learned <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> but the lived fear and protective practice of people.<\/p><p>They show that for the people of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Transitional epoch between antiquity and the Middle Ages, roughly the 3rd to the 7th century.\" tabindex=\"0\">late antiquity<\/span> Lilith was a real threat to the household and above all to the lives of children.<\/p><p>The literary narrative of the first wife of Adam later built upon this already existing image of the demoness who endangers children. Material culture thereby preserves an older stratum of the conception than the well-known texts do.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7edcbce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7edcbce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdc56f00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpdc56f00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lilith in the Kabbalah<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp06cf69c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp06cf69c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcc0a22c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcc0a22c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A distinctive and consequential elaboration of Lilith arose in medieval Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious current focused on immediate experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span>, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>. In the kabbalistic texts, above all in the <em>Zohar<\/em>, the principal work of this current that arose in the 13th century, Lilith becomes a cosmic figure of considerable weight.<\/p><p>She is no longer merely a single household demon, but a power within the so-called <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>, the other side, the dark counter-world to the world of divine holiness.<\/p><p>In this mystical system Lilith becomes the consort of Samael, a principal demonic figure, and thereby, as it were, queen of the demonic side. She forms a negative counter-image to the Shekhina, the divine presence, which in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> is often conceived as feminine.<\/p><p>The kabbalistic doctrine developed complex conceptions of how Lilith acts, how she gains power from human misconduct, and what role she plays in the drama of exile and redemption.<\/p><p>This elevation of Lilith into a cosmic power is remarkable in the history of religion. From a popular adversary in protective ritual she becomes a theologically reflected figure, embedded within an encompassing system of divine and counter-divine forces.<\/p><p>At the same time the older conception remained alive: even the kabbalistic Lilith remains associated with the endangerment of children, with nocturnal threat and with disordered sexuality.<\/p><p>The mystical tradition did not replace the older motifs but set them within a larger theological frame. Scholarship, in particular <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Israeli historian of religion (1897-1982); founder of modern Kabbalah scholarship.\" tabindex=\"0\">Gershom Scholem<\/span> in his foundational works on the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>, has described this development in detail.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcf12495 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpcf12495\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa5cf523 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa5cf523\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Modern Reception of Lilith<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5191f5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5191f5b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd6dcb65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpd6dcb65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the 19th and especially the 20th century Lilith underwent a reinterpretation that leads far from her original meaning as a demoness. Romanticism and 19th-century literature discovered Lilith as a figure of the seductive, dangerous woman.<\/p><p>She appears, for example, in Goethe in a brief scene of <em>Faust<\/em>, in which she is named as the first wife of Adam, and in Dante Gabriel Rossetti, who <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Handed over to the sacred through a religious act and thereby set apart from the everyday.\" tabindex=\"0\">dedicated<\/span> a poem and a painting to her and presented her as the embodiment of a cool, beguiling beauty.<\/p><p>A fundamentally different turn was taken in the reception from the 1970s onward in feminist contexts. Here the very point that made Lilith into a demoness in the medieval narrative, her refusal to subordinate herself to Adam, was reinterpreted in a positive sense.<\/p><p>Lilith was reinterpreted as a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> figure of female self-determination and of resistance against patriarchal orders. In this reading it is not Lilith who is the problem, but the order against which she revolts.<\/p><p>From the perspective of the history of religion this modern reception is an instructive case. It shows how a transmitted figure can, through reinterpretation, acquire an almost contrary meaning. It is important to keep the levels apart.<\/p><p>The historical Lilith of the ancient incantation bowls and the medieval texts is a feared <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Spiritual being to which harmful or ambivalent influence is ascribed.\" tabindex=\"0\">demon<\/span>, above all an adversary of the lives of children, and in the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> a cosmic counter-power.<\/p><p>The modern Lilith as a symbol of emancipation is a productive new creation that appeals to the old texts but poses different questions to them. Both belong to the reception history of the figure, but must not be confused with one another.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further Links<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Recommended internal links:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"\/en\/judaism\/\">Judaism<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/shedim\/\">Shedim<\/a> (Jewish category)<\/li><li>Detailed entry on Lilith to follow<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/lilu-and-lilitu\/\">Lil\u016b and Lil\u012btu<\/a> (related by name)<\/li><li><a href=\"\/en\/lamia\/\">Lamia<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/striga\/\">Striga<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/empusa\/\">Empusa<\/a> (Greek-Roman relatives)<\/li><li>Aramaic incantation bowls<\/li><li><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span> and Sitra Achra<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Scholarly Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A selection of central works on Lilith:<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Hutter, Manfred: &#8220;Lilith.&#8221; In: <em>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible<\/em>. 2nd ed. Leiden 1999.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Naveh, Joseph \/ Shaked, Shaul: <em>Amulets and Magic Bowls<\/em>. Jerusalem 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Scholem, Gershom: <em>Kabbalah<\/em>. Jerusalem 1974 (entries Lilith, Samael, Sitra Achra).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Patai, Raphael: <em>The Hebrew Goddess<\/em>. Detroit 1990 (3rd ed.).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Dan, Joseph: <em>The Ancient Jewish Mysticism<\/em>. Tel Aviv 1993.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv849qv e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv849qv\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv849qvh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"qv849qvh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related Protective Symbols<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv849qvb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"qv849qvb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qv849qvt elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"qv849qvt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-querverweis-grid\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:16px;margin:16px 0;\"><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/en\/mezuzah\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Mezuzah<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Jewish scroll affixed to the doorpost, bearing the Shema Yisrael text<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/en\/hamsa\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Hamsa<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">Hand of Fatima, a Jewish-Arabic protective symbol with five fingers and an eye<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"iwg-querverweis-card\"><a href=\"\/en\/evil-eye\/\" class=\"iwg-querverweis-link\"><strong>Evil Eye<\/strong><br><span class=\"iwg-querverweis-teaser\">A worldwide belief in harm, against which the nazar boncu\u011fu, mati and malocchio offer protection<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.iwg-querverweis-card{padding:16px;border:1px solid var(--e-global-color-f443515,#e6c45a);border-radius:8px;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.22);}.iwg-querverweis-link{color:var(--e-global-color-accent,#e6c45a);text-decoration:none;}.iwg-querverweis-teaser{color:#e8e8e8;font-size:13px;line-height:1.4;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lilith-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-lilith-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-lilith\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lilith-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-lilith-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">The protective practice described here is a religious-studies account of historical traditions. iWell Guard takes up this cultural-historical line of portable protective objects and represents a contemporary form of it. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/about-iwell-guard-the-protective-pendant-in-detail\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">More about iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-383a86d e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"383a86d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c63753 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c63753\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about Lilith<\/h2><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Who is Lilith in the Jewish tradition?<\/h3><p>Lilith is a female demoness of Jewish <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religious current focused on immediate experience of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">mysticism<\/span> who in later tradition is regarded as Adam&#8217;s first wife, before Eve. She left Adam because she did not wish to subordinate herself to him, and became queen of the malevolent beings.<\/p><p>Lilith first appears in the Babylonian incantation formulas of the Mesopotamians (as lil\u012btu); her Jewish form is found in the Alphabet of Ben Sira (around the 10th c.) and in the Zohar literature of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Current of Jewish mysticism with principal works such as Sefer Yetzira and Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kabbalah<\/span>.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Which symbols and protective measures belong to Lilith?<\/h3><p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The era of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BCE to 600 CE.\" tabindex=\"0\">classical<\/span> protective amulets against Lilith are the amulets for women in childbed and for newborns bearing the names of the three <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions a celestial messenger of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span> Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof.<\/p><p>Lilith&#8217;s symbols are the owl (in modern depictions), the crescent moon, long loose hair and a pomegranate. In modern feminist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The scholarly study of God and of the faith of a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">theology<\/span> Lilith is re-read as an emancipatory figure who refuses to be subordinated.<\/p><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Who is Lilith in the Jewish tradition?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Lilith is a female demoness of Jewish mysticism who in later tradition is regarded as Adam's first wife, before Eve. She left Adam because she did not wish to subordinate herself to him, and became queen of the malevolent beings.Lilith first appears in the Babylonian incantation formulas of the Mesopotamians (as lil\u012btu); her Jewish form is found in the Alphabet of Ben Sira (around the 10th c.) and in the Zohar literature of the Kabbalah.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Which symbols and protective measures belong to Lilith?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"The classical protective amulets against Lilith are the amulets for women in childbed and for newborns bearing the names of the three angels Senoy, Sansenoy and Semangelof.Lilith's symbols are the owl (in modern depictions), the crescent moon, long loose hair and a pomegranate. In modern feminist theology Lilith is re-read as an emancipatory figure who refuses to be subordinated.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lilith, Demoness of the Jewish Tradition A nocturnal figure between desert, birthing chamber and Kabbalah. DemonessJudaism Table of Contents Lilith Lilith is the most consequential nocturnal demoness of Jewish-rabbinic writing and reaches back in her form to the Akkadian wind demons Lil\u00fb and Lil\u012btu. From the singular biblical verse in Isaiah 34:14 through several Talmud [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4119,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lilith","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lilith: Demon of the Jewish Tradition | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lilith is one of the most influential figures of Jewish demonology. Her trace begins in the Book of Isaiah as a nameless dweller of the desert","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[81,79,80,84,82,83],"class_list":["post-4118","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-child-demons","category-cultures","category-demons","category-judaism","category-night-beings","category-seduction-demons"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lilith: Demon of the Jewish Tradition | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lilith is one of the most influential figures of Jewish demonology. 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