{"id":3949,"date":"2026-04-26T12:14:32","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T12:14:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/curse\/"},"modified":"2026-06-05T14:24:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:24:12","slug":"curse","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/curse\/","title":{"rendered":"Curse"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3949\" class=\"elementor elementor-3949 elementor-1796 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-hero-rebuilt-fluch iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"k-hero-rebuilt-fluch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khleft-fluch iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"khleft-fluch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-h1-fluch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"k-h1-fluch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Curse &#8211; black magic harm<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-lead-fluch e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-lead-fluch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-lead-fluch elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-lead-fluch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>The <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span><\/strong> is a black <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span> intent to harm, a deliberate attempt to inflict misfortune on a person through <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An ordered sequence of symbolic actions with religious or cultural meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> or <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sign that stands representatively for a concept or meaning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolic<\/span> action.<\/em><\/p><p>This page situates the phenomenon across cultures: from Old Mesopotamian clay tablets through Greco-Roman <em>defixiones<\/em> to modern folk magic traditions, covering form, function and defence in a religious-studies overview.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-hero-toc-fluch e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-hero-toc-fluch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-toc-fluch elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"k-toc-fluch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Contents of this page:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><a href=\"#5a3768e\">1. Introduction<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#9ebeea8\">2. Quick overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3c75319\">3. Historical roots<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#59b6d71\">4. Typical application and technique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#9800ac2\">5. Cross-cultural overview<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#266b4a2\">6. Defence and counter-magic<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#3d0ed5c\">7. Modern reception<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ede7072\">8. Further links<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#caa48d3\">9. Literature<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-khrght-fluch iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"khrght-fluch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-k-img-fluch elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"k-img-fluch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/themen_fluch-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3950\" alt=\"Curse and malediction \u2014 historical still life with defixio, black candle and bird skull\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/themen_fluch-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/themen_fluch-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/themen_fluch-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/themen_fluch.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a64d28 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4a64d28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1deecc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1deecc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The curse in cross-cultural overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-b0844f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-b0844f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69758e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"69758e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The oldest form of harmful magic, compared across cultures.<\/p><p>This form of harmful magic appears in numerous cultures in comparable form.<\/p><p>Black magic harm comprises verbal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Verbal formula by which harm is to be inflicted on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curses<\/span> and ritual practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d82fb01 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d82fb01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a3768e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5a3768e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-7fb96c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-7fb96c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d1a778 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d1a778\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> is one of the oldest and most widely attested forms of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices that seek to intervene in the course of events through special actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magical<\/span> action. It is a verbal or ritual promise of misfortune, bound to a specific person, group or thing by naming, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A text incised or carved into a solid support.\" tabindex=\"0\">inscription<\/span> or gesture.<\/p><p>The etymological root of the German word &#8220;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fluch<\/span>&#8221; lies in the Germanic &#8220;flokan&#8221; &#8211; to strike, lament, conjure.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">Curse<\/span> practices are not a marginal phenomenon of obscure cults. They are found in practically every high culture, from the Babylonian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A linguistic ritual intended to summon or bind a power.\" tabindex=\"0\">incantation<\/span> series to the Greek curse tablets, the Roman <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ancient curse tablets of lead or clay, inscribed with cursing texts and ritually deposited; attested in their thousands from the sixth century BC onwards.\">defixiones<\/span>, medieval grimoire literature and present-day Hoodoo rituals.<\/p><p>The defence against curses has been documented for millennia, by means of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object to which a protective, misfortune-averting effect is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span>, counter-formulas, purification rites and protective rituals.<\/p><div><p>The etymological root of the German <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fluch<\/span><\/em> lies in the Germanic <em>flokan<\/em> (to strike, lament, conjure) and is related to Old English <em>flocan<\/em> and Old Norse <em>flokka<\/em>. This etymology points to the ritual character of the act: the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> is not a mere insult but a performative speech act that constitutes an energetic deed.<\/p><p>In religious-studies terminology, the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> is therefore counted among the <em>verba efficacia<\/em>, those efficacious words whose utterance itself creates a fact (comparable to marriage, baptism or condemnation in law).<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17f9fcb e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"17f9fcb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ebeea8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ebeea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quick overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-78c413 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-78c413\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe6e365 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe6e365\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Verbal or ritual harmful magic practiceEarliest evidence: Babylonian incantations (3rd millennium BC)Cultural breadth: All high cultures, almost all folk religionsMedium: Word, writing, image, bodily gestureDefence: Amulets, purification, counter-magic, protective field<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7a49fc e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d7a49fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c75319 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c75319\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historical roots<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-e67cb1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-e67cb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-402f073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"402f073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><h3>Mesopotamia<\/h3><p>The cuneiform series <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Akkadian incantation series from the 1st millennium BC; the most extensive surviving Mesopotamian collection of anti-witchcraft rituals.\" tabindex=\"0\">Maqlu<\/span><\/em> (Akkadian &#8220;burning&#8221;) from the first millennium BC is the most extensive surviving collection of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">ancient<\/span> anti-cursing rituals. It comprises nine tablets of incantations and rituals which the incantation priest (<em>aashipu<\/em>) performed to identify and avert a suspected curse.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tzvi Abusch and Daniel Schwemer have critically edited the entire <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The passing on of knowledge and narratives across generations.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradition<\/span> in the three-volume <em>Corpus of Mesopotamian Anti-Witchcraft Rituals<\/em> (2011, 2020). In parallel, the series <em>Surpu<\/em> (&#8220;burning&#8221;, different signs) preserves rites for the resolution of unwitting curse-elements.<\/span><\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch of Greek and Roman culture, roughly 800 BC to 600 AD.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antiquity<\/span> in the Mediterranean world<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>From the sixth century BC onwards, curse tablets (<em>katadesmoi<\/em>) are attested in the Greek-speaking world. More than two thousand examples are catalogued today, primarily from Athens, Sicily and the Black Sea coast; the standard edition is Auguste Audollent&#8217;s <em>Defixionum Tabellae<\/em> (1904), expanded by David Jordan&#8217;s <em>Survey of Greek Defixiones<\/em> (1985).<\/span><\/p><p>The Roman tradition adopts the format as <em>defixiones<\/em> or <em>tabellae devotionum<\/em>; the British spring at Bath (Sulis Minerva) yielded over 130 lead tablets, edited by Roger Tomlin in 1988.<\/p><h3>Judaism, Christianity and Islam<\/h3><p>The Hebrew Bible contains the most extensive apparatus of curse formulas in the Old Testament in Deuteronomy 27 and 28. The rabbinic tradition discusses the legal effect of the curse in the Mishnah (<em>Sanhedrin<\/em>) and in the Babylonian <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Principal work of rabbinic Judaism, in Babylonian and Jerusalem versions; comprises Mishnah and Gemara.\">Talmud<\/span>.<\/p><p>From the third century onwards, Christian practice has known the formal <em>anathema<\/em> exclusion as an institutionalised <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>; the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The collection of sacred scriptures recognised as binding by a religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">canon<\/span> law tradition elaborates this form down to the Codex Iuris Canonici (1917 and 1983).<\/p><p>In Islam, the <em>la\u02bfna<\/em> tradition (cursing) permits the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> against hypocrites and transgressors in narrowly defined cases, but warns against unfounded cursing; the <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Widespread notion that an envious gaze from another person can cause harm.\" tabindex=\"0\">evil eye<\/span><\/em> (al-\u02bfayn) functions in close proximity to the curse.<\/p><h3>Middle Ages and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoch roughly from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century.\" tabindex=\"0\">Early Modern Period<\/span><\/h3><p>The medieval grimoire literature contains curse rituals in the clerical-magical underground texts (the Munich Necromantic Manual, <em>Liber Iuratus<\/em>, <em>Picatrix<\/em>). From the late fifteenth century onwards, witch trials systematically argued from imputed curses on the part of the accused; the <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lateinischer Originaltitel des Hexenhammers; 1486\/87 in Speyer erschienen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Malleus Maleficarum<\/span><\/em> (1487) makes cursing a central point of accusation.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Historical research (Wolfgang Behringer, <em>Hexen und Hexenprozesse<\/em>, 1988; Brian Levack, <em>The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe<\/em>, 1987) has worked out in detail the connection between the theory of cursing and the practice of persecution.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101870e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"101870e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59b6d71 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59b6d71\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Typical application and technique<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-291a0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-291a0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f41c7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9f41c7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Curses follow three basic patterns:<\/p><p><strong>Verbal formula.<\/strong> The direct curse in bound or poetic language, often with identification of the target person (&#8220;N, who has harmed me&#8221;), with concrete content of misfortune (illness, failure, death) and with a sealing formula (&#8220;So be it&#8221;).<\/p><p>In ancient and medieval practice frequently in a foreign or artificial language (Greek vowels, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Unintelligible letter sequences in the Hellenistic magical papyri; regarded as power-charged secret names beyond everyday language.\">voces magicae<\/span>, pseudo-Hebrew).<\/p><p>Written <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>. The curse formula is written on lead, potsherds or paper and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritually<\/span> deposited: in graves, wells, rivers, beneath thresholds. The medium binds the energy to the place; destruction of the writing often dissolves the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ritual <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>. With object-analogues such as dolls, animal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"An offering to a deity to express gratitude, petition, or veneration.\" tabindex=\"0\">sacrifices<\/span>, images of the target person. Breaking a wax figure, piercing a clay figure, burning a relic of hair or nails are regarded as a transfer of power.<\/p><p>The energy of the curse is regarded as persistent. In the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings that claim a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoteric<\/span> view, a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> can endure for generations if it is not dissolved. The iWell Guard affirmation states that &#8220;black magic influences already set&#8221; are channelled away to Gaia or transformed into the light through Archangel Gabriel.<\/p><div><h3>Structural logic of the curse formula<\/h3><p>From a religious-studies perspective, curse formulas can be reduced to three structural components which recur in almost all traditions. First, the <em>identification<\/em> of the target person, often with name, patronymic, place of residence and bodily features.<\/p><p>Second, the <em>specification<\/em> of the harm, ranging from unspecified misfortune to detailed bodily symptoms, social consequences or manners of death.<\/p><p>Third, the <em>confirmation formula<\/em>, in which the binding force of the statement is sealed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to a fixed religious sequence of actions.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritually<\/span> (in the Mesopotamian tradition the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or conjuring address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invocation<\/span> of the gods \u0160ama\u0161, Ea and Marduk; in the Greco-Roman tradition the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A linguistic ritual intended to summon or bind a power.\" tabindex=\"0\">conjuration<\/span> of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Belonging to the earth or the underworld; in ancient religion the gods and spirits of the depths (Hades, the Erinyes, Demeter chthonia).\" tabindex=\"0\">chthonic<\/span> gods Hekate, Persephone, Hermes Chthonios; in the Christian-medieval tradition the Trinitarian formula or the names of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"In the Abrahamic religions, a heavenly messenger being of God.\" tabindex=\"0\">angels<\/span>).<\/p><p>The iWell Guard position on curse-formula practice is clear: cursing as a deliberate intent to harm falls under the category of <em>black <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Practices which seek to intervene in the course of things through particular actions or formulas.\" tabindex=\"0\">magic<\/span><\/em> and is rejected by the protective field.<\/p><p>The self-application clause of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A sacred syllable or formula repeatedly spoken in Hinduism and Buddhism.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> (see <a href=\"\/en\/protective-functions-and-affirmations\/\">function overview<\/a>) redirects self-imposed curses back to their originator. The sabotage protection clause addresses external attempts at cursing directed against the system.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0627098 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0627098\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9800ac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9800ac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cross-cultural overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-421a28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-421a28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25bb9f8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25bb9f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Carrier beings and traditions described on our cultural pages:<\/p><ul><li>Detail on <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> to follow<\/li><li>Greece: <a href=\"\/en\/erinyes\/\">Erinyes<\/a> &#8211; deities of vengeance, often <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The petitioning or invoking address to a deity or power.\" tabindex=\"0\">invoked<\/span> through <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span><\/li><li>Rome: <a href=\"\/en\/dirae\/\">Dirae<\/a> &#8211; Roman demonesses of vengeance<\/li><li>Judaism: <a href=\"\/en\/lilith\/\">Lilith<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/azazel\/\">Azazel<\/a> &#8211; associated with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Magical or ecclesiastical exclusion; also the binding of a power by formula.\" tabindex=\"0\">ban<\/span> traditions<\/li><li>Celtic: <a href=\"\/en\/banshee\/\">Banshee<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/sluagh\/\">Sluagh<\/a><\/li><li>Slavic: <a href=\"\/en\/baba-yaga\/\">Baba Jaga<\/a><\/li><li>Japan: <a href=\"\/en\/yurei\/\">Yuurei<\/a>, especially Onryo as curse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A bodiless being to which agency in the world is attributed.\" tabindex=\"0\">spirits<\/span><\/li><li>Korea: <a href=\"\/en\/cheonyeo-gwishin\/\">Cheonyeo-gwishin<\/a> as a typical bearer of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdeada7 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fdeada7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-266b4a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"266b4a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defence and counter-magic<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-76fc50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-76fc50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f39d89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6f39d89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Purification rituals: salt baths, fumigations with mugwort, juniper and other <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Warding off evil: of signs and objects intended to keep harmful influences away.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaic<\/span> herbs; prayers to protective deities (Hekate, Hermes, Isis); wearing of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A worn object credited with a protective, misfortune-averting effect.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulets<\/span> with symbols such as the Nazar (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Widespread notion that an envious gaze from another person can cause harm.\" tabindex=\"0\">evil eye<\/span>) or pentagrams were common counter-measures.<\/p><p>Modern religious-studies interpretation understands <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> practices not as supernatural events but as cultural phenomena of fear management and the channelling of social conflict.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc4d18e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"fc4d18e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0ed5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d0ed5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modern reception<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-b239cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-b239cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3b8fb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3b8fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The notion of the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> has had a second flowering in popular culture: from the curse-of-the-mummy literature of the late Victorian period through Hollywood (Pirates of the Caribbean, Harry Potter) to contemporary horror literature and games.<\/p><p>At the same time it retains practical relevance in esoteric practice, the witchcraft movement, Wicca, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"British current of the late 1970s, founded by Peter Carroll and Ray Sherwin; methodologically radical, without a fixed pantheon.\" tabindex=\"0\">chaos magic<\/span>, light work. In the light-worker tradition the <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> is not dismissed as <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A pejorative term for ideas regarded as unfounded in religious terms.\" tabindex=\"0\">superstition<\/span> but understood as a real energetic influence against which one can protect oneself.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-317b667 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"317b667\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ede7072 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ede7072\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Further links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-db67b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-db67b4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c47e43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c47e43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Related practices: <a href=\"\/en\/harmful-magic-maleficium\/\">harmful magic<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/necromancy\/\">necromancy<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/blood-magic\/\">blood magic<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/voodoo-spell\/\">Voodoo magic<\/a><\/li><li>Protection: <a href=\"\/en\/primordial-source-the-origin-of-all-being\/\">Primal Source<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/light-cross\/\">Lichtkreuz<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/archangel-michael\/\">Archangel Michael<\/a><\/li><li>Beings: <a href=\"\/en\/erinyes\/\">Erinyes<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/dirae\/\">Dirae<\/a>, <a href=\"\/en\/baba-yaga\/\">Baba Jaga<\/a><\/li><li>Category hub: <a href=\"\/en\/demons\/\">Demons<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44ba04 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44ba04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caa48d3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"caa48d3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literature<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aj11-inner-7e934e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aj11-inner-7e934e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5c0b15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5c0b15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Faraone, Christopher A.: <em>Ancient Greek Love Magic.<\/em> Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1999.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gager, John G.: <em>Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World.<\/em> Oxford University Press, New York 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Abusch, Tzvi: <em>Mesopotamian Witchcraft. Towards a History and Understanding of Babylonian Witchcraft Beliefs and Literature.<\/em> Brill, Leiden 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ogden, Daniel: <em>Magic, Witchcraft, and Ghosts in the Greek and Roman Worlds.<\/em> Oxford University Press, New York 2002.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caciola, Nancy: <em>Discerning Spirits. Divine and Demonic Possession in the Middle Ages.<\/em> Cornell University Press, Ithaca 2003.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Selected bibliography on <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span>:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Versnel, Henk S.<\/strong>: <em>Beyond Cursing. The Appeal to Justice in Judicial Prayers. In: Faraone\/Obbink (eds.), Magika Hiera. Oxford 1991.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"James George Frazer (1854\u20131941); British anthropologist; principal work The Golden Bough (1890\u20131915).\">Frazer<\/span>, James George<\/strong>: <em>The Golden Bough. A Study in Magic and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"The academic discipline that studies religions comparatively and without confessional commitment.\" tabindex=\"0\">Religion<\/span>. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1989.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Faivre, Antoine<\/strong>: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Collective term for teachings claiming a hidden knowledge accessible only to initiates.\" tabindex=\"0\">Esotericism<\/span> at a glance. Herder, Freiburg 2001.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"font-size:0.9em;opacity:0.85\"><em>Note:<\/em> This selection serves as orientation; detail entries follow their own curated list of sources.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Further standard works in the <a href=\"\/en\/literature\/\">literature index<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ce-fluch\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-inner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-inner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-h iwg-ce-heading elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard and protective traditions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-t iwg-ce-intro elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The defensive practice gathered here documents in religious-studies terms how cultures deal with <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"A verbal formula intended to inflict misfortune on a person or thing.\" tabindex=\"0\">curse<\/span> phenomena.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard ties in with the millennia-old line of portable protective objects, from <a href=\"\/en\/pazuzu\/\">Pazuzu<\/a> pendants in Mesopotamia through <a href=\"\/en\/hamsa\/\">Hamsa<\/a> and <a href=\"\/en\/evil-eye\/\">evil-eye<\/a> amulets in the Mediterranean to the <a href=\"\/en\/mezuzah\/\">Mezuzah<\/a> on Jewish doorposts and Christian protective medallions.<\/p><\/div><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>A contemporary form of this, made in Germany, with a clearly documented material architecture (41 layers, fine gold, platinum, silver). 30-day right of return.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b iwg-ce-button iwg-ce-cta-2026-05-12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/en\/buy-the-iwell-guard-protective-pendant\/\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">More about iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-b .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgce-fluc-d iwg-ce-disclaimer elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgce-fluc-d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\">Not a medical product. No promise of healing. Personal perceptions may vary.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Curse &#8211; black magic harm The curse is a black magic intent to harm, a deliberate attempt to inflict misfortune on a person through ritual or symbolic action. This page situates the phenomenon across cultures: from Old Mesopotamian clay tablets through Greco-Roman defixiones to modern folk magic traditions, covering form, function and defence in a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3950,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"curse","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Curse: Verbal and Ritual Harmful Magic","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"How to recognise a curse, how an energy drain becomes perceptible, and which protective forces from the realm of light can help.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[77],"class_list":["post-3949","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-practices"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) 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