{"id":18007,"date":"2026-05-19T11:48:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-19T11:48:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/gesar-2\/"},"modified":"2026-06-21T13:37:03","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T13:37:03","slug":"gesar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/el\/gesar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"18007\" class=\"elementor elementor-18007 elementor-3051 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87d2ada e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87d2ada\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac6fc8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2ac6fc8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-422fa97 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"422fa97\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d166bc7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d166bc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1, \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10ce150 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10ce150\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2. \u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac Gling Ge-sar rgyal-po) \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0391\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 2009 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 UNESCO \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac. \u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b0985e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0b0985e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebc04dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"ebc04dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \/ \u0398\u03b5\u03ac: \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03cd\u03c8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b5\u660e \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u2013 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf, \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u039b\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd.\">\u0398\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2<\/span><a href=\"\/el\/tibet\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u2013 \u0393\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc, \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1, \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039d\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1.\">\u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b6fe9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7b6fe9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1c2f54 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"e1c2f54\" 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class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da61ab iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5da61ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3271\" alt=\"Gesar - \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_tibet_gesar.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ea962f e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7ea962f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fdeb0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4fdeb0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd6b83c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cd6b83c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c6ed28 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1c6ed28\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 14\u03bf \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 16\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9.<\/p><p>\u039f R. A. Stein, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abRecherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet\u00bb (1959), \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd 30 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 120 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039f Per S\u00f8rensen \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Andreas Gruschke, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4 (\u039a\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc, \u0391\u03bc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bd, \u03c4\u03bf \u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03cd.<\/p><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03af\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7. \u039f Klaus Sagaster, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1, \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-508239c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"508239c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f77a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f77a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0394\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30e3a51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"30e3a51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u039b\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u039f \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u0392\u03c1\u03ac\u03c7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u039c\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c0\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 18 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2\u00bb (\u00abdgra &#8216;dul\u00bb), \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc.<\/p><p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03bf\u03c1 (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1), \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1), \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba (\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b972b1e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b972b1e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf6e3e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf6e3e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f188d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f188d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u039f Geoffrey Samuel, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abCivilized Shamans\u00bb (1993), \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03ca\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba-\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1-\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u039a\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (\u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u039a\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\u00bb) \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Stein \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p><p>\u0386\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7 Lauran Hartley \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Pema Bhum, \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 11\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae 12\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f9b6d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6f9b6d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8280c51 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8280c51\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2aef01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2aef01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03b5\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u00absgrung-mkhan\u00bb \u03ae \u00abgling-pa\u00bb. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ae \u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p><p>\u039f\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac \u00ab\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03bc\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Hu Jinpu, Yang Enhong \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Lauran Hartley \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b2\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2. \u039c\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 2 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 12 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b9\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd (\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u00bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f Klaus Sagaster \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Walther Heissig \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59a4dd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"59a4dd6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d787b8c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d787b8c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0398\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9ca0a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c9ca0a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u039d\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1-\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u039a\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (gsol-kha) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 (\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 sang). \u039f Donald Lopez, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abPrisoners of Shangri-La\u00bb (1998), \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039f Robert Thurman, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03bc\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1<\/span>, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1: \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c7\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03af, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf \u039a\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 30 \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df9cc33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df9cc33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06d0e8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"06d0e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0394\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c839d05 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c839d05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b6\u03ce\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03cc\u03c1, \u03a3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u00abGeser khaan\u00bb \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 17\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 18\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u0397 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039f Walther Heissig, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd UNESCO \u03c4\u03bf 2009 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073fee5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"073fee5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568986a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"568986a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-192990c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"192990c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1950 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u00ab\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 Lauran Hartley \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf Pema Bhum \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Stein \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Heissig \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Solomon Mowtschanetz, Yang Enhong \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Robin Kornman.<\/p><p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bc\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Robin Kornman \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u00abThe Epic of Gesar of Ling\u00bb (2012), \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e24dbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5e24dbe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e78f666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e78f666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8c80fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a8c80fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf<\/span>\u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf-\u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039b\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2\u00bb, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf Tsering Shakya \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf<\/span>\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc. \u0397 \u039d\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03bc\u03b1-\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u039a\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba-\u03c0\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0394\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b9 \u039b\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1.<\/p><p>\u039f Geoffrey Samuel \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4695fd2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4695fd2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b02e27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b02e27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ce5353 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ce5353\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2: \u00abbabs sgrung\u00bb (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b2\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7), \u00abthos sgrung\u00bb (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2), \u00abdgongs sgrung\u00bb (\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span>) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u00abbrda sgrung\u00bb (\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1).<\/p><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Rolf Alfred Stein \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abL&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e tib\u00e9taine de Gesar dans sa version lama\u00efque de Ling\u00bb (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9 1956) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abRecherches sur l&#8217;\u00e9pop\u00e9e et le barde au Tibet\u00bb (\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9 1959).<\/p><p>\u0395\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03bf Stein \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u00bb \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p><p>\u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Yang Enhong (\u00abA Comparative Study of the Singing Styles of Mongolian and Tibetan Geser\/Gesar Artists\u00bb, 2002) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd Lauran Hartley \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f Geoffrey Samuel, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abCivilized Shamans. Buddhism in Tibetan Societies\u00bb (\u039f\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 1993) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u00abTantric Revisionings\u00bb (\u0386\u03bb\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03bf\u03c4 2005), \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03bc\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd.<\/p><p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Stein, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03ad\u03be\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u00b7 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 120 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Donald Lopez \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Yang Enhong, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03af\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c0\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03c9\u03c2.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56fff50 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56fff50\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7005d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d7005d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-302d3e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"302d3e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u00ab\u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1 \u03a7\u03b1\u03ac\u03bd\u00bb, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ce\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u00ab\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03be\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1716, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c3\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1. \u039f Walther Heissig, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abGeser-Studien.<\/p><p>Untersuchungen zu den Erz\u00e4hlstoffen in den neuen Kapiteln des mongolischen Geser-Zyklus\u00bb (\u0392\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd 1983) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u00abAsiatische Forschungen\u00bb, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03af \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1, \u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03ba\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf \u039c\u03ac\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2).<\/p><p>\u0392\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 (\u00ab\u00fclgershin\u00bb) \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c0\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf \u00abKesar Saga\u00bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd August Hermann Francke \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00abAsiatic Society of Bengal\u00bb (1905 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 1909). \u039f Francke \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a7\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03b5\u03c7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p><p>\u0397 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03c8\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03bf\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd96ac9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd96ac9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9da4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be9da4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6868e04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6868e04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ad\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c7\u03b7, \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03bf, \u03c6\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03cc\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf.<\/p><p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/span>. \u03a3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 30 \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 17\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039f\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0394\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1<\/span>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ac \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u039f Andreas Gruschke, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf, \u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3271,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1","_yoast_wpseo_title":"\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u2013 \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 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property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u039f \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03b9\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u2013 \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4, \u039c\u03bf\u03b3\u03b3\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1, \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/el\/gesar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-21T13:37:03+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" 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