{"id":138086,"date":"2026-09-03T07:05:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:05:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=138086"},"modified":"2026-09-03T07:49:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:49:59","slug":"proserpina","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/proserpina\/","title":{"rendered":"Proserpina"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"138086\" class=\"elementor elementor-138086 elementor-1979 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, gudinde i den romerske tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina er gudinden for underverdenen og genf\u00f8dslen i den romerske tradition. Hun er Plutos hustru og hersker over d\u00f8dens rige, men forbliver gennem sin \u00e5rlige tilbagevenden til oververdenen bundet til naturens cyklusser. Religionshistorisk set er Proserpina en personificering af overgangen mellem liv og d\u00f8d, mellem det \u00f8verste og det nederste.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gud\/gudinde: Personificeret h\u00f8jeste magt i en kulturs pantheon, med klare ansvarsomr\u00e5der som naturkr\u00e6fter, sk\u00e6bne, krig og frugtbarhed. Tilbedt gennem kulter, offerhandlinger og tempelinstitutioner.\">Gudinde<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137923\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Romersk religion fra kongetiden til senantikken, synkretistisk med gr\u00e6ske og etruskiske lag.\">Rom<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138037\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Guder for underverdenen og d\u00f8den, herskere over det hinsidige, d\u00f8dedommere, sj\u00e6leledsagere.\">D\u00f8dsguddom<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIndholdsfortegnelse\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140291\" alt=\"Proserpina - guder fra den romerske tradition, historisk-illustrativt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_proserpina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina personificerer dualiteten mellem jomfruelighed og \u00e6gteskab, mellem uskyld og kongelig autoritet. Hun er datter af Ceres (kornet), hustru til Pluto og hersker over de d\u00f8de.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myten<\/span> om hendes bortf\u00f8relse ved Pluto forklarer de s\u00e6sonbetingede planteskift og \u00e5rets struktur. Hendes centrale aspekter er frugtbarhed, modenhed, overgang og sanktioneringen af nyt liv fra d\u00f8dens rige. De eleusinske mysterier fejrede hendes rolle i den kosmiske regeneration.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kortprofil: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kilder: Ovids Metamorfoser 5, Vergils Georgica, Ciceros De Natura Deorum, Apuleius&#8217; Metamorfoser, hymner til Proserpina, latinske inskriptioner og gravsten-epitafier. Sekund\u00e6rlitteratur: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte, Walter Burkert (om sammensmeltningen med Persefone), Hubert Cancik. Dyrkelsen af Proserpina var st\u00e6rk i de eleusinske kulter, men var ogs\u00e5 udbredt i private hjem i Italien, Gallien og Africa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontekst<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teksternes tidsperiode<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina forblev til stede, ogs\u00e5 efter den antikke kults afslutning. Ovids skildring af bortf\u00f8relsen i Metamorfoserne og Claudians senantikke episke digt De raptu Proserpinae holdt stoffet levende, og malere og skulpt\u00f8rer fra ren\u00e6ssancen til Bernini og Rossetti tog det op. Goethe skrev et monodrama om hende. Mytens kerne, det \u00e5r, der deles mellem oververden og underverden, er stadig den mest kendte antikke tolkning af \u00e5rstiderne.<\/p><h3>Mytologisk indplacering<\/h3><p>Proserpina er den romerske gudinde for for\u00e5ret og underverdenen, datter af Ceres. Hendes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span>, bortf\u00f8relsen ved Pluto og tilbagevenden, er central for forst\u00e5elsen af \u00e5rstiderne. Hun er ikke magtl\u00f8s, men hersker over underverdenen ved Plutos side. Hun er en ambivalent figur for transformation.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udbredelsesomr\u00e5de<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina var universelt kendt i hele den romerske verden og blev tilbedt eller respektfuldt frygtet, uden begr\u00e6nsning til bestemte regioner eller steder. Uanset om det var i store urbane centre eller i perifere landdistrikter, blandt den sociale elite eller blandt almindelige mennesker, var denne entitets spirituelle eller kulturelle betydning konsekvent anerkendt og universel.<\/p><p>Optagelsen af Proserpina i Rom var en beslutning truffet af staten: P\u00e5 foranledning af de sibyllinske b\u00f8ger blev hendes kult indstiftet i 249 f.Kr. sammen med kulten for Dis Pater for at afv\u00e6rge ulykke fra samfundet. Hendes gr\u00e6ske forbillede Persefone kom til Rom via kolonierne i Syditalien og Sicilien; helligdommen i Locri og de sicilianske kultsteder viser, hvordan handel og kolonisering udbredte og forenede dyrkelsen i Middelhavsomr\u00e5det.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kildesituation<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prim\u00e6rkilder: Ovids Metamorfoser 5 (bortf\u00f8relsen af Proserpina), Vergils Georgica og \u00c6neiden, Homers hymne til Demeter (det gr\u00e6ske sidestykke), Ciceros De Natura Deorum, Senecas tragedier.<\/p><p>Tidsperiode: 5. \u00e5rhundrede f.Kr. til 6. \u00e5rhundrede e.Kr. Forskere: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (romersk religionshistorie), Walter Burkert (gr\u00e6sk religion), Manfred Clauss (kulter). Ark\u00e6ologiske bel\u00e6g: eleusinske helligdomme, gravmindesm\u00e6rker fra romertiden, forbandelsestavler med Proserpinas navn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ben\u00e6vnelse og skrivem\u00e5der<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina fremstilles i de forskellige kilder og kunstneriske traditioner med bestemte tilbagevendende ikonografiske elementer, som forbliver relativt konstante over \u00e5rtier og geografiske omr\u00e5der. Disse elementer er dybt symbolsk kodede og b\u00e6rer stor betydning; de kan ikke forklares som ren dekoration eller tilf\u00e6ldigt valg.<\/p><p>I billederne af Proserpina kan man afl\u00e6se hendes dobbelte natur. Kornaks, blomster og granat\u00e6blet henviser til frugtbarhed og vegetation, samtidig med frugten, hvis nydelse bandt hende til underverdenen. Faklen h\u00f8rer til hendes mor Ceres&#8217; s\u00f8gen, og tronen ved Plutos side viser hende som d\u00f8dens riges dronning. Den, der var fortrolig med myten, genkendte i hvert af disse tegn en station i hendes historie: bortf\u00f8relse, s\u00f8gen, granat\u00e6ble, det delte \u00e5r. Attributterne fort\u00e6ller \u00e5rstidsmyten i koncentreret form.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskrivelse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina var central i den religi\u00f8se praksis, i hverdagens ritualer og i den almindelige forst\u00e5else i Rom. Mennesker henvendte sig til denne entitet i kritiske eller bestemte livssituationer eller til bestemte rituelle \u00e5rstider, med strukturerede, ofte omfattende ritualer, b\u00f8nner eller offergaver.<\/p><p>Kulten omkring Proserpina var fast reguleret i Rom. I 249 f.Kr. blev hendes dyrkelse officielt indf\u00f8rt sammen med Dis Pater, og ofrene ved det underjordiske alter Tarentum p\u00e5 Marsmarken fulgte n\u00f8je rituelle forskrifter. I de gr\u00e6sk pr\u00e6gede mysterier, der drejede sig om hendes forbillede Persephone, ledede s\u00e6rligt udpegede kultembedsm\u00e6nd indvielserne; deltagelse og forl\u00f8b var underlagt strenge regler.<\/p><p>Riterne for Proserpina opfyldte konkrete opgaver gennem \u00e5rhundreder. Som vegetationsgudinde blev hun sammen med Ceres p\u00e5kaldt for s\u00e6dens trivsel, alts\u00e5 for f\u00e6llesskabets ern\u00e6ringsgrundlag. Som underverdenens dronning modtog hun gaver, der skulle sikre de afd\u00f8de en n\u00e5dig modtagelse. Hendes myte om den \u00e5rlige op- og nedstigning tydede desuden p\u00e5 \u00e5rstidernes skift og gav overgangen mellem liv og d\u00f8d en h\u00e5ndgribelig form.<\/p><h3>Fremtoning og symbolik<\/h3><p>Proserpina fremstilles i overgangsfaser, undertiden ung og for\u00e5rsagtig, undertiden dyster. Hun b\u00e6rer krone og holder ofte n\u00f8gler. Granat\u00e6blet er hendes attribut (fr\u00f8 for tilbagevenden). Bygaks og blomster h\u00f8rer til. Hendes ambivalens er hendes styrke.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Portr\u00e6t: Proserpina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Portr\u00e6ttet belyser Proserpinas natur gennem seks dimensioner: hendes mytiske oprindelse og udbredelse, formerne for hendes dyrkelse inden for religion og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praksisser, der gennem s\u00e6rlige handlinger eller formler fors\u00f8ger at gribe ind i tingenes gang.\" tabindex=\"0\">magi<\/span>, hendes karakteristiske fremstilling i kunst og symboler, betydningen af <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den bedende eller besv\u00e6rgende henvendelse til en guddom eller magt.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00e5kaldelse<\/span> og respekt, besl\u00e6gtede skikkelser i nabokulturer samt en afsluttende oversigt over hendes kosmiske funktion som overgangens gudinde.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpinas oprindelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina er den romerske form af den gr\u00e6ske Persephone og stammer fra indoeurop\u00e6iske frugtbarhedsgudinde-myter. Bortf\u00f8relses-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">myten<\/span> (latin: raptus) var oprindeligt en forklaring p\u00e5 s\u00e6sonbestemte vegetationscyklusser. I Rom blev Proserpina dyrket som Plutos hustru, selvst\u00e6ndig og magtfuld.<\/p><p>De tidligste kilder g\u00e5r tilbage til det 5. \u00e5rhundrede f.Kr., men blev forst\u00e6rket under gr\u00e6sk indflydelse (2.-1. \u00e5rhundrede f.Kr.). Eleusinske mysteriekulter udbredte hende i den <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoke i den gr\u00e6ske og romerske kultur, cirka 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antikke<\/span> verden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpinas m\u00e5lgruppe<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina blev p\u00e5kaldt af b\u00f8nder ved s\u00e5ning og h\u00f8st, af gravide kvinder (som garant for nyt liv), og af s\u00f8rgende (for at formilde de d\u00f8de).<\/p><p>De eleusinske mysterier var strengt hemmelige, men deltagerne berettede om Proserpinas rolle som h\u00e5bsb\u00e6rer efter d\u00f8den. I private hjem bad man til hende for frugtbarhed og beskyttelse af b\u00f8rn. Anthesteria (blomsterfesten) var en \u00e5rlig fest til hendes \u00e6re.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fremstilling<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina blev fremstillet som ung kvinde eller moden dronning, afh\u00e6ngigt af fasen i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">myten<\/span>, ung ved bortf\u00f8relsen, moden og kronet som underverdenens hersker.<\/p><p>Hendes attributter er valmuehovedet (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et tegn, der repr\u00e6senterer en forestilling eller betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> p\u00e5 s\u00f8vn og d\u00f8d), overfl\u00f8dighedshornet (overflod), scepteret og faklen (hun lyser i underverdenens m\u00f8rke). P\u00e5 m\u00f8nter sidder hun ved siden af Pluto eller b\u00e6rer en krone. P\u00e5 gravsten symboliserer hun overgang og h\u00e5b om videreliv.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Virke<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Virkningsomr\u00e5de:<\/strong> Proserpina (ogs\u00e5 Persephone, gr\u00e6sk) er Roms underverdensgudinde, datter af Ceres (Demeter) og hustru til Pluto (Hades).<\/p><p>Hun symboliserer overgangen mellem \u00e5rstiderne, mellem liv og d\u00f8d. Hendes bortf\u00f8relse til underverdenen og hendes \u00e5rlige tilbagevenden til moderen forklarer skiftet mellem sommer og vinter. Hun er ikke magtesl\u00f8s eller passiv; i mange tekster er hun underverdenens hersker, en hustru med sit eget rige.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskyttelsesmidler<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina var genstand for <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den bedende eller besv\u00e6rgende henvendelse til en guddom eller magt.\" tabindex=\"0\">p\u00e5kaldelse<\/span> og beskyttende dyrkelse som formidler mellem liv og d\u00f8d, ikke en skadegudinde. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en guddom for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller \u00e6rb\u00f8dighed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ofre<\/span> var valmuer, honning, frugter og sorte dyr.<\/p><p>Ved d\u00f8dsfald bad man til hende for at bringe de afd\u00f8de under hendes herred\u00f8mme og give dem fred. Gravide kvinder bar amuletter med hendes billede. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Praksisser, der gennem s\u00e6rlige handlinger eller formler fors\u00f8ger at gribe ind i tingenes gang.\" tabindex=\"0\">Magi<\/span> anvendte ofte hendes navn til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et sprogligt ritual, der skal fremkalde eller binde en magt.\" tabindex=\"0\">besv\u00e6rgelse<\/span> eller til beskyttelse mod onde \u00e5nder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sammenligneligt<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Persephone (gr\u00e6sk) er det direkte forbillede og forbliver strukturelt identisk. Inanna\/Ishtar i Mesopotamien ligner hende i underverdensrejsen, men ikke i den \u00e5rstidsbestemte binding. I det \u00e6gyptiske omr\u00e5de udviser Osiris (mandlig) lignende funktioner som d\u00f8dsdommer og h\u00e5bsfigur. Hel i den germanske tradition er en mindre ambivalent underverdenshersker.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina, paralleller i andre kulturer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Proserpina er den romerske tilpasning af den gr\u00e6ske Persephone; hendes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span> blev knyttet til den romerske s\u00e5dekalender og til de eleusinske mysterier. Mens Persephone i den fir\u00e5rstidspr\u00e6gede <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span> forbliver den centrale s\u00f8rgende figur, overtager Proserpina i romersk praksis desuden beskyttelsesopgaver for \u00e6gteskab og husstand.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>J\u00f8disk tradition:<\/strong> I den j\u00f8diske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde overleverede gudefort\u00e6llinger i en kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi<\/span> findes ingen underverdensgudinde. Sheol er et passivt d\u00f8dsrige uden en personificeret hersker. F\u00f8rst i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Str\u00f8mning inden for j\u00f8disk mystik med hovedv\u00e6rker som Sefer Jezira og Zohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabbala<\/span> og apokalyptikken n\u00e6vnes engleagtige v\u00e6sener, men ingen paralleller til Proserpina.<\/p><p><strong>Den gr\u00e6sk-romerske verden:<\/strong> Persephone er Proserpinas gr\u00e6ske original. I f\u00e6lles kulter (is\u00e6r efter det 3. \u00e5rhundrede f.Kr.) smeltede navne og funktioner sammen, men forblev strukturelt de samme. Andre underverdensgudinder (Hekate) kom til uden at fortr\u00e6nge Persephone.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamien:<\/strong> Inanna\/Ishtar foretager en rejse til underverdenen og bliver kortvarigt fanget der, men vender tilbage, strukturelt besl\u00e6gtet med Proserpinas \u00e5rstidsbestemte cyklus, men mere dramatisk og mindre regenerativ.<\/p><p><strong>Indien\/Asien:<\/strong> I hinduismen legemligg\u00f8r Kali \u00f8del\u00e6ggelse og regeneration, men deler ikke Proserpinas konkrete rolle som d\u00f8dsgudens hustru. I den tidlige buddhisme findes ingen tilsvarende figur; underverdenen er mindre personificeret.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp96567ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp96567ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39824e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp39824e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rovet af Proserpina i detaljer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp625c136 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp625c136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp57771b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp57771b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den centrale fort\u00e6lling om Proserpina er hendes bortf\u00f8relse ved Pluto, underverdenens hersker. Ovid skildrer den udf\u00f8rligt i femte bog af <em>Metamorphoses<\/em>, og han giver en anden, afvigende version i <em>Fasti<\/em>. If\u00f8lge Ovids fremstilling plukker Proserpina blomster sammen med sine veninder i en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et helligt tr\u00e6bevoksning, der fungerede som kultsted.\" tabindex=\"0\">lund<\/span> n\u00e6r den sicilianske s\u00f8 Pergus ved Henna.<\/p><p>Pluto, truffet af en pil fra Amor, ser hende, griber hende og k\u00f8rer med hende i en vogn ned i dybet. Jorden \u00e5bner sig ved s\u00f8en Cyane, hvis nymfe forg\u00e6ves g\u00f8r modstand.<\/p><p>Ceres, moderen, s\u00f8ger sin datter over hele jorden. I sin vrede g\u00f8r hun if\u00f8lge Ovid Sicilien ufrugtbart. F\u00f8rst nymfen Arethusa fort\u00e6ller hende, at hun har set Proserpina som underverdenens dronning. Ceres vender sig til Jupiter.<\/p><p>Tilbageleveringen mislykkes dog p\u00e5 grund af et krav fra parcerne: Den, der har taget f\u00f8de til sig i underverdenen, m\u00e5 ikke vende tilbage. Proserpina har spist syv kerner af et granat\u00e6ble, iagttaget af Ascalaphus, som hun til straf forvandler til en ugle.<\/p><p>Jupiter formidler et kompromis. Proserpina tilbringer en del af \u00e5ret i oververdenen hos moderen, en del i underverdenen hos Pluto. Ovid n\u00e6vner i <em>Fasti<\/em> en ligelig deling, i <em>Metamorphoses<\/em> et forhold p\u00e5 to til en til gunst for oververdenen.<\/p><p>Denne svingning i de antikke kilder selv viser, at fort\u00e6llingen ikke havde en fastlagt kanonisk form. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myten<\/span> er n\u00e6rt forbundet med det gr\u00e6ske Demeter-Persephone-stof, hvis mest udf\u00f8rlige version findes i den homeriske <em>Demeterhymne<\/em>. Den romerske litteratur overtog stoffet i vid udstr\u00e6kning, men lagde skuepladsen fortrinsvis til Sicilien, som blev betragtet som Ceres&#8217; kultcentrum.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c9ee0b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5c9ee0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4f63d12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4f63d12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina og \u00e5rstidsmyten<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp39c0a19 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp39c0a19\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45c5234 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp45c5234\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fort\u00e6llingen om Proserpinas delte opholdssted blev allerede i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoke i den gr\u00e6ske og romerske kultur, ca. 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antikken<\/span> l\u00e6st som en forklaring p\u00e5 \u00e5rstidernes skiften. Opholdet i underverdenen svarer til den vegetationsfattige tid, tilbagevenden til moderen til v\u00e6kstperioden.<\/p><p>Denne tolkning er indlejret i de antikke tekster, for eksempel n\u00e5r Ovid knytter Ceres&#8217; sorg til jordens ufrugtbarhed. Religionsvidenskabens forskning fra det 19. og tidlige 20. \u00e5rhundrede, is\u00e6r i kredsen omkring James Frazer og de s\u00e5kaldte Cambridge Ritualists, byggede heraf en omfattende teori om d\u00f8ende og genopst\u00e5ende vegetationsguder.<\/p><p>Nyere forskning er mere forbeholden over for denne tolkning. Den p\u00e5peger, at Proserpina bortf\u00f8res og hersker i stedet for at d\u00f8, og at det middelhavsklimatiske forl\u00f8b med sin t\u00f8rre sommer og fugtige vinter ikke uden videre passer p\u00e5 skemaet.<\/p><p>Nogle forskere l\u00e6ser snarere <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myten<\/span> som en initiations- og bryllupsfort\u00e6lling: Proserpina foretager overgangen fra pige til kvinde, fra moderens hus til gemalens. Granat\u00e6blet, ofte forbundet med frugtbarhed og \u00e6gteskab, st\u00f8tter denne l\u00e6sning.<\/p><p>De to tolkninger udelukker ikke hinanden. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoke i den gr\u00e6ske og romerske kultur, ca. 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Antikke<\/span> kulter kunne forst\u00e5 samme <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span> p\u00e5 flere niveauer. For Ceres-Proserpina-dyrkelsen i Rom var landbrugsreferencen i hvert fald central, som festen <em>Cerialia<\/em> i april viser.<\/p><p>Sidel\u00f8bende fandtes en mere personlig, hinsidesorienteret <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den levede religi\u00f8se holdning og praksis hos et menneske.\" tabindex=\"0\">fromhed<\/span>, som havde sit sted i mysteriekulterne og var rettet mod det individuelle h\u00e5b om noget efter d\u00f8den. Hvor t\u00e6t disse linjer var sammenflettet i den romerske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde religi\u00f8se tilbedelseshandlinger for en gud eller helgenskikkelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, kan kun delvist rekonstrueres p\u00e5 grundlag af de mangelfulde kilder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa45d7ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa45d7ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d5ef9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26d5ef9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ceres og Proserpinas kult og mysterier i Rom<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09178ee e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp09178ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp875fb57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp875fb57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I Rom var Proserpina sj\u00e6ldent alene genstand for kulten. Hun optr\u00e6der oftest sammen med Ceres. Det vigtigste <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En bygning, der anvendes til tilbedelse af en eller flere guder.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span> for de to gudinder l\u00e5 p\u00e5 Aventinerh\u00f8jen, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Overgivet til det hellige gennem en religi\u00f8s handling og dermed h\u00e6vet ud af det dagligdags.\" tabindex=\"0\">indviet<\/span> if\u00f8lge <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Overleveringen af viden og fort\u00e6llinger gennem generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">overleveringen<\/span> i begyndelsen af det femte \u00e5rhundrede f\u00f8r vor tidsregning, sammen med Liber.<\/p><p>Denne aventinske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde af religi\u00f8se tilbedelseshandlinger for en gud eller en hellig figur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> blev betragtet som den plebejiske modpart til den patriciske triade p\u00e5 Kapitol og havde dermed ogs\u00e5 en social og politisk dimension.<\/p><p>En s\u00e6rlig form havde <em>sacra Cereris<\/em>, en gr\u00e6sk pr\u00e6get <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde af religi\u00f8se tilbedelseshandlinger for en gud eller en hellig figur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span>, der if\u00f8lge Cicero blev forest\u00e5et af gr\u00e6ske pr\u00e6stinder fra Syditalien og kun stod \u00e5ben for kvinder. Dette <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> var forbundet med de eleusinske forestillinger, men overf\u00f8rte dem til romersk jord.<\/p><p>Desuden blev der i republikansk Rom i krisetider afholdt et s\u00f8rgeritual for Ceres og Proserpina, som if\u00f8lge Livius kunne suspenderes i tilf\u00e6lde af alvorlige offentlige n\u00f8dsituationer, fordi sorg i s\u00e5danne \u00f8jeblikke blev anset for upassende.<\/p><p>Fra kejsertiden er der desuden overleveret en natlig fest, den med uregelm\u00e6ssige mellemrum afholdte <em>saecularfest<\/em>, hvor blandt andet <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span> til Proserpina som underverdensgudinde spillede en rolle. Kildesituationen omkring detaljerne i disse ritualer er begr\u00e6nset, da mysteriekulter bevidst ikke nedskrev deres indhold.<\/p><p>Det, vi ved, stammer overvejende fra antydninger hos Cicero, fra kristen polemik samt fra inskriptioner og ark\u00e6ologiske vidnesbyrd. Den n\u00f8jagtige <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den fastlagte ordning for gudsdyrkelsen i et religi\u00f8st samfund.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgi<\/span> forbliver stort set ukendt. Sammenlignelige strukturer findes hos den gr\u00e6ske <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138078\">Persefone<\/a>, hvis eleusinske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde af religi\u00f8se tilbedelseshandlinger for en gud eller en hellig figur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> er lidt bedre dokumenteret.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3f2b3a9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3f2b3a9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5008f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5008f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina i billedkunsten og p\u00e5 sarkofager<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9688396 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9688396\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c2e52e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1c2e52e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bortf\u00f8relsen af Proserpina er en af de mest udbredte motiver i romersk kunst. S\u00e6rligt almindeligt er <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et tilbagevendende indholdsm\u00e6ssigt element i kunst eller fort\u00e6lling.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span> p\u00e5 sarkofager fra den mellemste og sene kejsertid. Scenen viser typisk Pluto, der river Proserpina op p\u00e5 sin vogn trukket af heste, ledsaget af Minerva, Diana og den modstr\u00e6bende Cyane.<\/p><p>Valget af netop dette motiv til gravkonteksten er oplysende: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myten<\/span> om den ufrivillige overgang til underverdenen og den delvise tilbagevenden gav et billedsprog for d\u00f8den, som ud over tabet ogs\u00e5 udtrykte h\u00e5b.<\/p><p>Derudover findes der v\u00e6gmalerier, blandt andet fra Pompeji, og mosaikker, som viser bortf\u00f8relsen eller den tronende Proserpina som underverdenens hersker. Som dronning af underverdenen b\u00e6rer hun ofte diadem eller polos, undertiden aks eller granat\u00e6blet som attribut.<\/p><p>I sin funktion som hersker sidder hun ved siden af Pluto p\u00e5 tronen, ofte med den trehovedede hund Cerberus ved sine f\u00f8dder.<\/p><p>Receptionen forts\u00e6tter langt ud over <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoke i den gr\u00e6ske og romerske kultur, ca. 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">oldtiden<\/span>. Den mest ber\u00f8mte nyere bearbejdning er marmorgruppen <em>Ratto di Proserpina<\/em> af Gianlorenzo Bernini fra \u00e5rene omkring 1621 til 1622, som med stor bev\u00e6gelse fastholder \u00f8jeblikket for grebet.<\/p><p>Inden for maleriet tog blandt andre Rembrandt og senere de pr\u00e6raffaelitiske malere, heriblandt Dante Gabriel Rossetti med sit maleri <em>Proserpine<\/em>, motivet op. Ogs\u00e5 i musikken blev stoffet anvendt, blandt andet i barokoperaer. De ark\u00e6ologiske og kunsthistoriske vidnesbyrd g\u00f8r tilsammen Proserpina til en af de mest billeddokumenterede skikkelser i den romerske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelser og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1d56957 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1d56957\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp521bb21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp521bb21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Etymologi og forholdet til Persefone<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp47a25ab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp47a25ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp88c9301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp88c9301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Navnet Proserpina er sprogligt ikke fuldst\u00e6ndigt klarlagt. Den <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epoken for den gr\u00e6ske og romerske kultur, cirka 800 f.Kr. til 600 e.Kr.\" tabindex=\"0\">antikke<\/span> folkeetymologi forbandt det med det latinske verbum <em>proserpere<\/em>, at krybe frem, og tolkede det som spirende s\u00e6d. Denne forklaring findes hos Cicero og hos Varro. Den moderne sprogvidenskab betragter den som en sekund\u00e6r tolkning.<\/p><p>Det er mere sandsynligt, at <em>Proserpina<\/em> er en lydlig omdannelse af det gr\u00e6ske navn <em>Persephone<\/em>, muligvis formidlet via et etruskisk mellemled. P\u00e5 etruskiske spejle optr\u00e6der skikkelsen under navnet <em>Phersipnai<\/em> eller lignende former, hvilket g\u00f8r en formidling via etruskisk plausibel.<\/p><p>Det gr\u00e6ske navn <em>Persephone<\/em> selv anses ogs\u00e5 for uklart og stammer sandsynligvis fra f\u00f8rgr\u00e6sk tid. Allerede gr\u00e6kerne kendte talrige sideformer som <em>Persephatta<\/em> eller <em>Pherrephatta<\/em>, hvilket tyder p\u00e5 et gammelt navn, der er sv\u00e6rt at tolke. De mange varianter viser, at skikkelsen aldrig var sprogligt helt fastlagt i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Videregivelsen af viden og fort\u00e6llinger gennem generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">overleveringen<\/span>.<\/p><p>I den romerske religion blev Proserpina tidligt smeltet sammen med den indf\u00f8dte underverdensforestilling, men blev ogs\u00e5 sat lig med den italiske gudinde Libera, den kvindelige modpart til Liber. Denne identifikation er ikke gennemg\u00e5ende og viser, hvordan forskellige overleveringstr\u00e5de fl\u00f8d sammen i skikkelsen.<\/p><p>For den videnskabelige betragtning er Proserpina derfor et godt eksempel p\u00e5, hvordan en gr\u00e6sk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelse og verdens ordning.\" tabindex=\"0\">myte<\/span> blev indf\u00f8jet i det romerske system via formidlerkulturer og derved forbundet med eksisterende indf\u00f8dte elementer. En fuldst\u00e6ndig adskillelse af den romerske fra den gr\u00e6ske skikkelse er n\u00e6sten umulig i de bevarede kilder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa0b2c61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa0b2c61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1225fc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1225fc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proserpina som underverdensherskerinde og i forbandelsespraksis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3d58d11 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3d58d11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9a4fb59 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9a4fb59\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ud over sin rolle i \u00e5rstidsmyten havde Proserpina en selvst\u00e6ndig funktion som hersker over d\u00f8dsriget.<\/p><p>I denne rolle optr\u00e6der hun i en kildegruppe, der er s\u00e6rligt oplysende for det romerske hverdagsliv: forbandelsestavlerne, p\u00e5 latin <em>defixiones<\/em>. Disse tekster, oftest indridset i blytavler, blev nedlagt i grave, br\u00f8nde eller kilder og tilkaldte underverdensmagter for at skade en modstander, p\u00e5virke en retssag eller genvinde stj\u00e5lne ejendele.<\/p><p>P\u00e5 talrige bevarede tavler tilkaldes Proserpina sammen med Pluto eller Dis Pater. Hun optr\u00e6der d\u00e9r under forskellige tilnavne, til tider ogs\u00e5 sammensmeltet med andre underverdensskikkelser.<\/p><p>Sproget i disse tekster er formelagtigt og f\u00f8lger genkendelige m\u00f8nstre, hvilket antyder, at der fandtes forl\u00e6g eller specialiserede forfattere. For forskningen er <em>defixiones<\/em>&#8216;erne v\u00e6rdifulde, fordi de dokumenterer en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den levede religi\u00f8se holdning og praksis hos et menneske.\" tabindex=\"0\">fromhed<\/span> uden for de officielle statskulte og viser, hvordan mennesker konkret vendte sig til guderne.<\/p><p>Proserpina var desuden forbundet med bel\u00f8nning og straf i det hinsidige. I mysterieforestillingerne, som blandt andet fremg\u00e5r af de s\u00e5kaldte orfisk-bakkiske guldtavler, spiller en underverdensdronning en rolle som den instans, sj\u00e6len efter d\u00f8den best\u00e5r eller fejler for.<\/p><p>Om disse tavler mener Proserpina i sn\u00e6ver romersk forstand eller en mere almen gr\u00e6sk pr\u00e6get underverdensgudinde, er i det enkelte tilf\u00e6lde sv\u00e6rt at afg\u00f8re. Samlet viser denne kildegruppe, at Proserpina ud over den litter\u00e6re mytefigur var adressat for en reel ritualpraksis, der sp\u00e6ndte fra k\u00e6rlighedsmagi til hinsidig forventning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yderligere links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137923\">Rom, kultur<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138081\">Pluto, \u00e6gtemand og underverdenskonge<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138078\">Persephone, gr\u00e6sk oprindelsesform<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forskningslitteratur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foley, Helene P. (red.): <em>The Homeric Hymn to Demeter: Translation and Commentary<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Caldwell, Richard S.: <em>The Psychology of Religion. A Jungian Perspective<\/em>. Routledge, 1991.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-proserpina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Som <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et v\u00e6sen, der \u00e6res som guddommeligt inden for en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">guddom<\/span><\/em> i den romerske tradition svarer Proserpina til den gr\u00e6ske Persephone og deler sit \u00e5r mellem oververdenen og underverdenen; hendes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samlede m\u00e6ngde af religi\u00f8se \u00e6resbevisninger for en guddom eller hellig skikkelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> pr\u00e6gede s\u00e6dfesterne og <em>libri Sibyllini<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1738,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Proserpina","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Proserpina \u2013 romersk gudinde for underverdenen","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Proserpina, romersk gudinde for underverdenen: bortf\u00f8relsen ved Pluto, granat\u00e6blet og \u00e5rstidsmyten, kulthistorie fra Rom til 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