{"id":137978,"date":"2026-09-03T07:03:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:03:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=137978"},"modified":"2026-09-03T07:46:37","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:46:37","slug":"preta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/preta\/","title":{"rendered":"Preta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"137978\" class=\"elementor elementor-137978 elementor-1208\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta, \u00e5nd fra den buddhistiske tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta er <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et legemsl\u00f8st v\u00e6sen, som tilskrives virkning i verden.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e5nd<\/span> fra den buddhistiske tradition.<\/p><p><strong>Hungersp\u00f8gelse med n\u00e5le\u00f8je-strube, karmisk skikkelse for beg\u00e6r.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c5nd: Ukropslig eller halvkropslig v\u00e6sen, afd\u00f8de, naturv\u00e6sener, hus\u00e5nder eller vogtere ved d\u00f8rt\u00e6rskler. Virker i hverdagslivet, ofte bundet til steder eller familier.\">\u00c5nd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137970\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Buddhistisk tradition med bodhisattvaer, beskyttelsesguder, hungersp\u00f8gelser og helvedesvogtere.\">Buddhisme<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138027\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Afd\u00f8de, hvis \u00e5nder forts\u00e6tter at virke i denne verden, hus\u00e5nder, forf\u00e6dre, urolige d\u00f8de.\">D\u00f8de\u00e5nd<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140351\" alt=\"Preta - \u00e5nder fra den buddhistiske tradition, historisk-illustrativt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_buddhismus_preta.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Preta (pali: peta) er en af de mest markante skikkelser i den buddhistiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Forestilling om verdens opbygning og orden inden for en kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologi<\/span>. Et hungersp\u00f8gelse med opsvulmet mave og en strube s\u00e5 tynd som et n\u00e5le\u00f8je, i stand til at se og beg\u00e6re, men ude af stand til at \u00e6de eller drikke.<\/p><p>Skikkelsen er blevet et billede p\u00e5 konsekvenserne af karmisk beg\u00e6r: Den, der i sit liv n\u00e6gtede at give, var gerrig eller misbrugte almisser, genf\u00f8des i pretaverdenen og lider den tilsvarende mangel.<\/p><p>I Petavatthu-teksterne (en del af den palikanoniske samling) beretter buddhistiske mestre om m\u00f8der med pretaer, der bekender deres tidligere handlinger. Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Inden for hinduisme og buddhisme en l\u00e6retekst i kort form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutraen<\/span> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aDet store fart\u00f8j'; en af buddhismens tre hovedtraditioner, med bodhisattva-idealet og en udbygget filosofisk reflektion.\">mahayana<\/span>) fort\u00e6ller, hvordan Maudgalyayana ser sin afd\u00f8de mor i pretatilstand og kun kan redde hende gennem sanghaens kollektive <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gudeskikkelse for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller \u00e6rb\u00f8dighed.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span>kraft.<\/p><p>Fra denne fort\u00e6lling udvikler sig det verdensomsp\u00e6ndende Hungry Ghost Festival (Ullambana, kinesisk Yulanpen, japansk Obon). Skikkelsen er dermed, anderledes end mange andre d\u00e6moner, t\u00e6t forbundet med ritualpraksis i \u00e5rskalenderen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kort overblik: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Hungersp\u00f8gelse, buddhistisk genf\u00f8dsel<br>Oprindelse: Karmisk konsekvens af gerrighed, misundelse, beg\u00e6r, misbrug af almisser<br>Tekster: Petavatthu (pali), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Inden for hinduisme og buddhisme en l\u00e6retekst i kort form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>, jatakaer<br>Tidsrum: 5. \u00e5rh. f.Kr. til nutiden<br>Central fest: Hungry Ghost Festival \/ Ullambana \/ Obon<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Indplacering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teksternes tidsperiode<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Udarbejdet i pali-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samling af hellige skrifter i en religion, der anerkendes som bindende.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonen<\/span> fra det 3. \u00e5rh. f.Kr. med Petavatthu. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Det store fart\u00f8j; en af buddhismens tre hovedtraditioner, med bodhisattva-idealet.\">Mahayana<\/span>-udvidelse gennem Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Inden for hinduisme og buddhisme en l\u00e6retekst i kort form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutraen<\/span> (tidlig kristen tidsregning, oversat til kinesisk i det 3. \u00e5rh. e.Kr.). Hungry Ghost Festival etableres i Kina fra Tang-tiden, i Japan som Obon fra Nara-tiden. Fortsat u\u00e6ndret op til i dag.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udbredelsesomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Theravada: Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodja (her forbundet med lokale forfaderkulter). Mahayana: Kina, Korea, Japan, Vietnam (her s\u00e6rligt aktiv). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u201aDiamantfart\u00f8jet'; tantrisk form af mahayana-buddhismen, prim\u00e6rt i Tibet, med yidam-praksis og mantra-teknik i centrum.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: Tibet, Mongoliet. Ungarske, mongolske, kasakhiske buddhistiske samfund. Moderne diasporasamfund verden over.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kildesituation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Petavatthu (pali, en del af Khuddaka Nikaya), Vimanavatthu (som komplement\u00e6r modpart), Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Inden for hinduisme og buddhisme en l\u00e6retekst i kort form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> (sanskrit\/kinesisk), jatakaer, tibetanske d\u00f8debogstraditioner, moderne etnografi om Hungry Ghost Festival.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Navn og varianter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Sanskrit:<\/strong> <em>preta<\/em>; pali <em>peta<\/em>; feminin <em>pretani<\/em>.<br>Kinesisk: \u9913\u9b3c (<em>E Gui<\/em>, \u201ehungrig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et legemsl\u00f8st v\u00e6sen, som tilskrives virkning i verden.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e5nd<\/span>&#8220;).<br>Japansk: <em>Gaki<\/em>.<br>Tibetansk: <em>yidag<\/em>.<br>Etymologi: fra <em>pra-i<\/em> \u201eat g\u00e5 forud&#8221;, oprindeligt \u201eafd\u00f8d&#8221;, senere specialiseret til hungersp\u00f8gelse-klassen.<\/p><p>Begrebet illustrerer udviklingen godt: I vedisk tid betegnede <em>preta<\/em> ganske enkelt den afd\u00f8de i mellemfasen f\u00f8r genf\u00f8dslen. Buddhismen specificerer: bestemte d\u00f8de bliver til hungersp\u00f8gelser, afh\u00e6ngigt af deres <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Inden for hinduisme, buddhisme og jainisme loven om handling og konsekvens: Enhver handling virker tilbage p\u00e5 efterf\u00f8lgende eksistenser.\">karma<\/span>. Fra denne specialisering udvikles klassen af pretaer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Karakteristika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Fremtoning<\/strong><\/p><p>K\u00e6mpe opsvulmet mave, forsvindende lille mund og en hals s\u00e5 tynd som et n\u00e5le\u00f8je, tynde lemmer. Sulten og gr\u00e5digt stirrende, ofte med flammende mund (al drikke bliver til ild). 36 klasser af pretaer if\u00f8lge klassisk d\u00e6monologi, hver med sine egne specifikke lidelser.<\/p><p><strong>Adf\u00e6rd<\/strong><\/p><p>Leder konstant efter f\u00f8de, men kan ikke spise. Forbandet til altid at v\u00e6re sulten. Ser vand, der bliver til pus; ser mad, der br\u00e6nder op. Tiltr\u00e6kkes af duften af <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en guddom for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offergaver<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Virkefelt<\/strong><\/p><p>Har sin egen pretaloka (preta-verden) i den buddhistiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Forestilling om verdens opbygning og orden inden for en kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologi<\/span>, deler rum med menneskeverdenen, men opfatter den anderledes. Findes ofte i n\u00e6rheden af tidligere levesteder. I Kina bliver de traditionelt &#8220;l\u00f8sladt&#8221; fra underverdenen i den syvende m\u00e5nem\u00e5ned.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologisk indplacering<\/strong><\/p><p>Ikke en skabelse, men et led i genf\u00f8dselsk\u00e6den. Opst\u00e5r som f\u00f8lge af gerrighed, misundelse, tyveri af almisser eller misbrug af religi\u00f8se gaver. Varigheden af tilv\u00e6relsen som preta bestemmes af den karmiske v\u00e6gt og er ofte meget lang; nogle tekster taler om kalpaer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Profil: Preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De vigtigste aspekter af preta i et overblik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oprindelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Karmisk genf\u00f8dsel som f\u00f8lge af gerrighed, misundelse og misbrug af gaver. Ikke en skabelse, men en tilv\u00e6relsesform i den buddhistiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Forestillingen om verdens opbygning og orden inden for en kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologi<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pretaers m\u00e5lgruppe<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tidligere mennesker med ophobninger af negativ karma. I senere traditioner ogs\u00e5 bundet til bestemte steder og familier (ane-pretaer).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Form<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Opsvulmet mave, lillebitte mund, en strube tynd som et sytr\u00e5ds\u00f8je, tynde lemmer. I nogle beskrivelser en flammende mund. 36 klasser med hver deres lidelser.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funktion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evigt hungrende, ude af stand til at \u00e6de. Forf\u00f8lger de levende af gridskhed og tr\u00e6kkes til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span>gaver. Kan for\u00e5rsage sygdom i huse, der fors\u00f8mmer forf\u00e6drene.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskyttelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gaver og Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> (for navngivne pretaer), opl\u00e6sning af Ullambana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En kortfattet l\u00e6rertekst inden for hinduismen og buddhismen.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutraet<\/span>, offerhandlinger med vand og ris. I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Diamantvognen; en tantrisk form for mahayana-buddhismen, prim\u00e6rt i Tibet, med yidam-praksis i centrum.\">Vajrayana<\/span>: Tsok-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span> med delte <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span>gaver til alle levende v\u00e6sener.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pretaers paralleller<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>E Gui (kinesisk), Gaki (japansk), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137914\">Edimmu<\/a>, Pishacha samt kristne sk\u00e6rsildsfigurer som strukturelt besl\u00e6gtede overgangssj\u00e6le.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ritus og fest<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ullambana\/Hungry Ghost Festival<\/strong><\/p><p>I den syvende m\u00e5nem\u00e5ned (oftest august) \u00e5bner if\u00f8lge <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Overleveringen af viden og fort\u00e6llinger gennem generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">overleveringen<\/span> underverdenens porte, og pretaerne kommer ud i verden. Troende bringer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span>gaver, opl\u00e6ser sutraer og opstiller altre. Buddhistiske og daoistiske traditioner forenes i en af \u00d8stasiens st\u00f8rste folkereligi\u00f8se fester.<\/p><p><strong>Obon i Japan<\/strong><\/p><p>Forf\u00e6drene tages imod i Obon-perioden (som regel 13.-16. august). Bon-odori-danse, ild ved husd\u00f8rene, gravbes\u00f8g. Forbindelsen til fort\u00e6llingen om moderfigurens frelse (Mulian\/Maudgalyayana-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En overleveret fort\u00e6lling om guder, oprindelse og verdens orden.\" tabindex=\"0\">myten<\/span>) er f\u00f8lelsesladet.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> i hverdagen<\/strong><\/p><p>I Theravada: vandoffer til pretaerne under pindapata-m\u00e5ltidet. I Vajrayana: sur-r\u00f8gelses\u00ad<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span>, daglig \u201eFeeding the Pretas&#8221; som del af offerpraksissen. I Mahayana: navne p\u00e5 afd\u00f8de familiemedlemmer indleveres til klostre til regelm\u00e6ssig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En kortfattet l\u00e6rertekst inden for hinduismen og buddhismen.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span>-opl\u00e6sning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralleller og nutid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tv\u00e6rkulturelle hungergeister<\/strong><\/p><p>E Gui (Kina) og Gaki (Japan) er direkte overs\u00e6ttelser og samme figur i \u00f8stasiatisk udformning. Pishacha (hinduismen) deler hunger\u00ad<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et tilbagevendende indholdselement i kunst eller fort\u00e6lling.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivet<\/span> med den specifikke lig\u00e6derskarakter. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137914\">Edimmu<\/a> og de romerske lemures er strukturelt besl\u00e6gtede overgangssj\u00e6le.<\/p><p><strong>Psykologisk og \u00f8kologisk tolkning:<\/strong> Moderne buddhistiske l\u00e6rere (Thich Nhat Hanh) tolker ogs\u00e5 pretaerne psykologisk: en tilstand af evig utilfredshed trods materiel velstand. \u00d8kologisk l\u00e6ses preta som et billede p\u00e5 um\u00e6ttelig forbrug, en samtidig meget virkningsfuld l\u00e6refigur.<\/p><p><strong>Popul\u00e6rkultur:<\/strong> Japansk anime og manga citerer regelm\u00e6ssigt Gaki-motiver. Hungry Ghost Festival er blevet kommercialiseret, men forbliver religi\u00f8st vigtig. I vestlig fantasy bliver pretaer tilpasset som deres eget monster.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26fd4bd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26fd4bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca3f66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ca3f66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Begrundelsen for pretatilv\u00e6relsen i karma-t\u00e6nkningen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5a782f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5a782f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf49c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf49c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Genf\u00f8dsel som <em>preta<\/em> (pali <em>peta<\/em>) betragtes i den buddhistiske kosmos som f\u00f8lgen af et klart afgr\u00e6nset s\u00e6t handlinger. Tekster som <em>Petavatthu<\/em>, en samling af enoghalvtreds sp\u00f8gelseshistorier i Khuddaka Nikaya i Pali-kanonen, f\u00f8rer f\u00f8dslen i hungergejstriget hovedsageligt tilbage til gerrighed, havesyge, n\u00e6gtelse af almisser og det at holde mad tilbage fra n\u00f8dlidende.<\/p><p>Straffen spejler handlingen: Den, der intet gav i livet, lider som et v\u00e6sen med en n\u00e5letynd sv\u00e6lg og en enorm mave, der aldrig bliver m\u00e6t.<\/p><p>Denne spejlvending er ikke tilf\u00e6ldig, men et udtryk for den buddhistiske l\u00e6re om, at karmisk virkning svarer til \u00e5rsagens art. <em>Petavatthu<\/em> fort\u00e6ller om kvinder, der gav g\u00e6ster ford\u00e6rvet mad og nu selv m\u00e5 fort\u00e6re materie og aff\u00f8ring, eller om en mand, der udsk\u00e6ldte munke og nu vandrer omkring med r\u00e5dnende mund.<\/p><p>Dhammapalas kommentar, <em>Petavatthu-atthakatha<\/em>, knytter hver historie til en konkret forsyndelse og g\u00f8r derved samlingen til en moralsk l\u00e6rebog.<\/p><p>Vigtig er den tidslige begr\u00e6nsning. I mods\u00e6tning til en helvedesf\u00f8dsel, som omfatter uhyre lange, men ogs\u00e5 endelige tidsrum, betragtes tilv\u00e6relsen som preta som en tilstand, der kan forkortes ved resterende god karma eller ved overf\u00f8rsel af fortjeneste fra de levende.<\/p><p>Dermed indtager hungergejstriget en mellemstilling blandt de seks tilv\u00e6relsesomr\u00e5der, mellem helvedesv\u00e6sener og dyr. Det er et sted for mangel, ikke for aktiv tortur.<\/p><p>Den buddhistiske etik uddrager heraf en dobbelt l\u00e6re. P\u00e5 den ene side tjener billedet af pretaerne som en advarsel mod gerrighed. P\u00e5 den anden side ligger det til grund for den centrale praksis med at give (<em>dana<\/em>): Gavmildhed betragtes som den vej, der netop ikke f\u00f8rer til hungergejstriget.<\/p><p>Pretaen er dermed mindre et skr\u00e6mmebillede end en l\u00e6refigur, gennem hvilken forholdet mellem handling og f\u00f8lge illustreres.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9f2f2ce e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9f2f2ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf68fe07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf68fe07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sp\u00f8gelsesfesten og overf\u00f8rslen af fortjeneste<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp11fbd0f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp11fbd0f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6817619 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6817619\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den rituelle fors\u00f8rgelse af hungergejsterne h\u00f8rer til de \u00e6ldste og mest udbredte praksisser i buddhismen. Dens kanoniske grundlag findes i <em>Tirokudda Sutta<\/em> i Khuddaka Nikaya, hvor Buddha forklarer, at gaver, der gives i afd\u00f8de sl\u00e6gtninges navn til munkesamfundet, kan komme de p\u00e5r\u00f8rende til gode, som er genf\u00f8dt som pretaer.<\/p><p>Mekanismen kaldes overf\u00f8rsel af fortjeneste (<em>pattidana<\/em>): Den levende skaber fortjeneste ved en god handling og tilegner den udtrykkeligt til den d\u00f8de, som gl\u00e6des derover og derved lettes.<\/p><p>Ud fra denne id\u00e9 udviklede den store sp\u00f8gelsesfest sig i \u00d8stasien.<\/p><p>I Kina kaldes den <em>Yulanpen<\/em> og fejres i den syvende m\u00e5nem\u00e5ned, i Japan som <em>Obon<\/em>.<\/p><p>Grundlaget er <em>Yulanpen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I hinduismen og buddhismen en l\u00e6rertekst i kortfattet form.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span><\/em>, som fort\u00e6ller historien om munken Maudgalyayana: Han ser med overnaturligt blik sin afd\u00f8de mor lide som hungergejst og kan ikke frelse hende alene, men f\u00f8rst gennem en f\u00e6lles <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den konkrete genstand eller mad, der bringes som offer til en gudeskikkelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offergave<\/span> fra hele munkesamfundet ved regntidens slutning.<\/p><p>Festen forbinder dermed barnlig pietet med buddhismens frelseslogik.<\/p><p>I praksis stilles der under festen mad, drikke og symbolske penge op, sutraer reciteres, og lamper t\u00e6ndes. I den theravada-buddhistiske verden i Sri Lanka og Syd\u00f8stasien findes tilsvarende almissegaver til munke i de d\u00f8des navn, ofte p\u00e5 den syvende dag, efter tre m\u00e5neder og efter et \u00e5r.<\/p><p>Den tibetanske buddhisme kender <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kkef\u00f8lge af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritualet<\/span> <em>sur<\/em>, et r\u00f8goffer af afbr\u00e6ndt mad, hvis duft skal n\u00e6re hungergejsterne, da deres sn\u00e6vre sv\u00e6lg ikke kan optage fast f\u00f8de.<\/p><p>Disse ritualer viser, at pretaen i den levede buddhisme ikke er en fjern l\u00e6refigur, men et v\u00e6sen, som man har et fortsat forhold til. Den d\u00f8de forbliver en del af familien, og fors\u00f8rgelsen af ham er en pligt for de efterladte.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6c2679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6c2679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp463f07c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp463f07c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Den ikonografiske fremstilling i livshjulet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb0d1ef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb0d1ef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp072efc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp072efc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det mest udbredte billede af hungergejsterne findes i <em>bhavachakra<\/em>, det buddhistiske livshjul, som pryder indgangen til mange tibetanske klostre. Cirklen er delt i seks segmenter, hvoraf et viser pretaernes rige.<\/p><p>Den ikonografiske konvention er fast: tynde lemmer, en opsvulmet mave, en lang tynd hals og en lillebitte mund, ofte s\u00e5 lille som et n\u00e5le\u00f8je. Denne anatomi g\u00f8r straffen kropsligt synlig, hungeren er uslukkelig, fordi kroppen ikke kan optage f\u00f8den.<\/p><p>Ofte viser malerierne en Buddha, der viser sig for pretaerne og tilbyder dem helende l\u00e6re eller f\u00f8de. Denne figur er for det meste fremstillet som en r\u00f8d eller gul skikkelse og henviser til, at vejen til befrielse heller ikke er helt lukket i hungergejstriget.<\/p><p>Landskabet i pretariget fremst\u00e5r som en t\u00f8r, udt\u00f8rret slette, af og til med floder, der forvandler sig til materie, blod eller ild, n\u00e5r man fors\u00f8ger at drikke af dem.<\/p><p>Tibetanske tekster differentierer hungergejsterne yderligere. En almindelig indeling skelner mellem pretaer med ydre hindringer, som slet ikke kan finde f\u00f8de, pretaer med indre hindringer, hvis krop forhindrer optagelsen, og pretaer, hvis f\u00f8de i sig selv er pinen. Denne systematik findes for eksempel i Gampopas <em>Juwelenschmuck der Befreiung<\/em> fra det tolvte \u00e5rhundrede.<\/p><p>I den \u00f8stasiatiske kunst dukker hungergejster ogs\u00e5 op uden for livshjulet. Den japanske billedrulle <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> fra Heian-perioden, i dag udstillet p\u00e5 museer i Tokyo og Kyoto, viser i en r\u00e6kke scener hungergejster, der opholder sig ved kirkeg\u00e5rde, latriner og offerpladser og lever ubem\u00e6rket blandt almindelige mennesker.<\/p><p>Denne rulle betragtes som et hovedv\u00e6rk fra den middelalderlige japanske malerkunst og vidner om, hvor konkret forestillingen var forankret i hverdagen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp653e979 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp653e979\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf700548 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf700548\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">F\u00f8rbuddhistiske r\u00f8dder og den vediske preta<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa99ec33 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa99ec33\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8d0367b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8d0367b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Begrebet <em>preta<\/em> er ikke af buddhistisk oprindelse, men stammer fra Indiens \u00e6ldre religi\u00f8se ordforr\u00e5d. Ordret betyder det den forudg\u00e5ende eller den bortgangne, dannet af forstavelsen <em>pra<\/em> og en rod med betydningen at g\u00e5.<\/p><p>I de vediske og tidlige hinduistiske tekster betegner <em>preta<\/em> til at begynde med blot den nyligt afd\u00f8de, som befinder sig i en mellemtilstand, f\u00f8r han gennem d\u00f8dsritualerne bliver til en <em>pitr<\/em>, en forfader.<\/p><p>Denne overgang er n\u00f8je reguleret i det hinduistiske ritualv\u00e6sen. <em>Shraddha<\/em>-riterne, madofrene til de d\u00f8de, skal f\u00f8re den urolige preta ind i forf\u00e6drenes ordnede f\u00e6llesskab.<\/p><p>Udebliver de, eller d\u00f8r nogen en ond d\u00f8d, kan den afd\u00f8de forblive som en urolig preta. Efter denne forestilling er preta alts\u00e5 ikke et selvst\u00e6ndigt tilv\u00e6relsesomr\u00e5de, men en farlig overgangsfase, som skal afsluttes gennem korrekt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En fastlagt r\u00e6kke af symbolske handlinger med religi\u00f8s eller kulturel betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritual<\/span>.<\/p><p>Buddhismen overtog begrebet, men omformede det. Den midlertidige mellemtilstand blev til et af de seks fastlagte tilv\u00e6relsesomr\u00e5der i genf\u00f8dselskredsl\u00f8bet, som man f\u00f8des fuldst\u00e6ndigt ind i gennem bestemt karma.<\/p><p>Forbindelsen til d\u00f8dsritualerne blev bevaret, men den forsk\u00f8d sig fra pligten til at skabe en forfader til muligheden for at overf\u00f8re fortjeneste til et lidende v\u00e6sen.<\/p><p>Denne f\u00e6lles rod forklarer, hvorfor hinduistisk og buddhistisk d\u00f8dspraksis ofte ligner hinanden og er sv\u00e6re at skille fra hinanden i Sydasiens levede religi\u00f8sitet.<\/p><p>Den viser ogs\u00e5, at den buddhistiske preta ikke opstod ud af ingenting, men indbyggede en gammel indisk id\u00e9 i et nyt kosmologisk system. Den, der vil forst\u00e5 figuren, m\u00e5 have denne lagdeling i tankerne, den vediske forhistorie og den buddhistiske nytolkning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp77bf53f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp77bf53f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp083baac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp083baac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udbredelse og forandring i Asiens buddhistiske kulturer<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0b61d6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0b61d6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c34744 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8c34744\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Med buddhismens udbredelse vandrede ogs\u00e5 forestillingen om hungergejsten videre og tilpassede sig lokale forhold. I Theravada-landene Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos og Cambodja forblev tilknytningen til pali-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den samling af hellige skrifter, som anerkendes som bindende i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">kanonen<\/span> og til <em>Petavatthu<\/em> st\u00e6rk.<\/p><p>Her smeltede pretaforestillingen delvist sammen med hjemlig gejstetro, blandt andet de thailandske <em>phi<\/em>, s\u00e5 den buddhistiske hungergejst ikke altid skarpt skilles fra andre urolige d\u00f8de.<\/p><p>I Kina m\u00f8dte ideen en allerede h\u00f8jt udviklet forfaderkultur. Hungergejsten, kinesisk <em>egui<\/em>, blev der t\u00e6t forbundet med bekymringen for fors\u00f8mte eller barnl\u00f8se d\u00f8de. Den, der ikke har efterkommere, som bringer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gud for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller \u00e6rb\u00f8dighed.\" tabindex=\"0\">offergaver<\/span>, risikerer at blive en hungrende <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et legeml\u00f8st v\u00e6sen, som tilskrives virkning i verden.\" tabindex=\"0\">gejst<\/span>.<\/p><p>Gejstfesten i den syvende m\u00e5ned blev en af \u00e5rets vigtigste fester, hvor underverdenens porte \u00e5bner sig, og gejsterne vandrer omkring. Her forbandt den buddhistiske frelsesl\u00e6re sig med daoistiske og folkereligi\u00f8se elementer.<\/p><p>Den tibetanske buddhisme systematiserede hungergejsterne i sine trinvejstekster og udviklede med r\u00f8gofferet <em>sur<\/em> sin egen ritualform. Figuren <em>yidak<\/em>, som preta kaldes p\u00e5 tibetansk, er fast forankret i bevidstheden, fordi livets hjul kan ses ved hver klosterindgang.<\/p><p>I Japan fik hungergejsten endelig med <em>Gaki-zoshi<\/em> en kunsthistorisk betydningsfuld udformning og forblev n\u00e6rv\u00e6rende i Obon-festen. Ordet <em>gaki<\/em> blev i det moderne japanske sprog endda til et hverdagssprogligt sk\u00e6ldsord for et gr\u00e5digt eller uopdragent barn, et vidnesbyrd om, hvor dybt den religi\u00f8se forestilling er tr\u00e6ngt ind i dagligsproget.<\/p><p>Denne kulturelle bredde viser, at preta ikke forblev en stiv l\u00e6refigur, men blev et levende, tilpasningsdygtigt element i den buddhistiske verden.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yderligere links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anbefalede interne links:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137970\">Buddhisme<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137977\">Mara<\/a>, Yamad\u016bta, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137980\">Naraka-vogtere<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137981\">Dakini<\/a><\/li><li>E <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137982\">Gui<\/a> (Kina), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137975\">Pishacha<\/a> (hinduisme), paralleller<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137914\">Edimmu<\/a> (Edimmu som forl\u00f8bermotiv)<\/li><li>Ullambana\/Obon-festen<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kilder og litteratur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Et udvalg af centrale arbejder om preta:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Gehman, Henry S.: <em>Petavatthu. Stories of the Departed<\/em>. Oxford 1942.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Robert J.: <em>Ancestor Worship in Contemporary Japan<\/em>. Stanford 1974.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cuevas, Bryan J.: <em>Travels in the Netherworld. Buddhist Popular Narratives of Death and the Afterlife in Tibet<\/em>. Oxford 2008.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Gombrich, Richard: <em>Precept and Practice<\/em>. Oxford 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Flere standardv\u00e6rker i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138058\">litteraturlisten<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-preta\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-preta-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-preta-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Den her beskrevne beskyttelsespraksis er en religionsvidenskabelig indordning af historiske traditioner. iWell Guard knytter sig til denne kulturhistoriske linje af b\u00e6rbare beskyttelsesobjekter og udg\u00f8r en nutidig form heraf. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mere om iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7efee16 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7efee16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2508526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2508526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l om Preta<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvad er pretaer i buddhismen?<\/h3><p>Preta (sanskrit for de forskellige, p\u00e5 tibetansk Yi-dvags) er i buddhismen de hungrende \u00e5nder, en af de seks eksistensverdener i genf\u00f8dslen. De er v\u00e6sener med en overdimensioneret mave og en bitte lille mund eller n\u00e5lehals: de kan aldrig blive m\u00e6tte, for al mad forbr\u00e6nder til aske, s\u00e5 snart den kommer i deres mund.<\/p><p>I Bhavachakra (det tibetanske livshjul) er de typisk fremstillet ikonografisk. Karmisk \u00e5rsag: gerrighed, beg\u00e6r og egoisme i livet. Den, der i sit liv n\u00e6gtede andre mad, genf\u00f8des i det n\u00e6ste liv som en hungrende preta.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvad er den buddhistiske hunger\u00e5nde-fest?<\/h3><p>Hunger\u00e5nde-festen (kinesisk Yulanpen, japansk Obon, koreansk Baekjung) er en af de vigtigste folkebuddhistiske fester i \u00d8stasien, i den syvende m\u00e5nem\u00e5ned. Den g\u00e5r tilbage til historien om Maudgaly\u0101yana, en af Buddhas elever, der finder sin mor i preta-riget og ikke kan give hende mad direkte.<\/p><p>Buddha l\u00e6rer ham, at offergaver givet gennem sangha (munkesamfundet) ved slutningen af regnperioden n\u00e5r de hungrende \u00e5nder. Heraf udviklede sig den store \u00f8stasiatiske fest med offergaver til de d\u00f8de, dansefremvisninger (Bon Odori) og symbolsk lanternefl\u00e5de p\u00e5 vandet.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvad er pretaer i buddhismen?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Preta (sanskrit for de forskellige, p\u00e5 tibetansk Yi-dvags) er i buddhismen de hungrende \u00e5nder \\u2014 en af de seks eksistensverdener i genf\u00f8dslen. De er v\u00e6sener med en overdimensioneret mave og en bitte lille mund eller n\u00e5lehals: de kan aldrig blive m\u00e6tte, for al mad forbr\u00e6nder til aske, s\u00e5 snart den kommer i deres mund. I Bhavachakra (det tibetanske livshjul) er de typisk fremstillet ikonografisk. Karmisk \u00e5rsag: gerrighed, beg\u00e6r og egoisme i livet \\u2014 den, der i sit liv n\u00e6gtede andre mad, genf\u00f8des i det n\u00e6ste liv som en hungrende preta.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvad er den buddhistiske hunger\u00e5nde-fest?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hunger\u00e5nde-festen (kinesisk Yulanpen, japansk Obon, koreansk Baekjung) er en af de vigtigste folkebuddhistiske fester i \u00d8stasien \\u2014 i den syvende m\u00e5nem\u00e5ned. Den g\u00e5r tilbage til historien om Maudgaly\u0101yana, en af Buddhas elever, der finder sin mor i preta-riget og ikke kan give hende mad direkte. Buddha l\u00e6rer ham, at offergaver givet gennem sangha (munkesamfundet) ved slutningen af regnperioden n\u00e5r de hungrende \u00e5nder. Heraf udviklede sig den store \u00f8stasiatiske fest med offergaver til de d\u00f8de, dansefremvisninger (Bon Odori) og symbolsk lanternefl\u00e5de p\u00e5 vandet.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1678,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Preta","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Preta - hungersp\u00f8gelse med n\u00e5le\u00f8je-strube","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Preta (pali: peta) er en af de mest markante skikkelser i den buddhistiske kosmologi. Et hungersp\u00f8gelse med opsvulmet mave og n\u00e5le\u00f8je-tynd","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-137978","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Preta - hungersp\u00f8gelse med n\u00e5le\u00f8je-strube<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Preta (pali: peta) er en af de mest markante skikkelser i den buddhistiske kosmologi. 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