{"id":137950,"date":"2026-09-03T07:03:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:03:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=137950"},"modified":"2026-09-03T07:45:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:45:45","slug":"iblis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/iblis\/","title":{"rendered":"Iblis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"137950\" class=\"elementor elementor-137950 elementor-1023\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis, gud i den islamiske tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Den forkastende, islams modstander.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-iblis\">Iblis i fort\u00e6llingen om englefaldet<\/h2>\n<p>Iblis er prim\u00e6rt <strong>englefalds-figuren<\/strong> i den islamiske tradition. Syv suraer (Q 2:34; 7:11-18; 15:28-43; 17:61-65; 18:50; 20:116-123; 38:71-85) fort\u00e6ller sammenh\u00e6ngende: Allah skaber <strong>Adam af ler<\/strong> og befaler alle engle samt Iblis at kaste sig ned; Iblis v\u00e6grer sig med den begrundelse, at han er skabt af <strong>ild<\/strong> og dermed \u00e6dlere end ler. Denne hovmodssynd (<em>kibr<\/em>) f\u00f8rer til hans forbandelse.<\/p><p>Iblis ber om ops\u00e6ttelse indtil Dommedag og f\u00e5r den, som <strong>fristeren af menneskeheden<\/strong>. I denne funktion kaldes han ogs\u00e5 <em>al-Shaitan<\/em> (\u201emodstanderen\u201c) eller <em>al-raj\u012bm<\/em> (\u201eden stenede\u201c).<\/p><p>Den <strong>sufiske l\u00e6sning<\/strong> (Hallaj, \u02bfAttar) omtolker paradoksalt hans v\u00e6gring: af k\u00e6rlighed til Allah ville han kun kaste sig ned for Gud selv. Denne l\u00e6sning betragtes som k\u00e6ttersk i mainstream-islam, men er teologisk gennemarbejdet.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Gud\/gudinde: Personificeret h\u00f8jeste magt i en kulturs pantheon, med klare ansvarsomr\u00e5der, naturkr\u00e6fter, sk\u00e6bne, krig, frugtbarhed. Tilbedt gennem kulte, offer og tempelinstitutioner.\">Gud<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137941\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Islamisk trosverden med \u00e6rkeengle, jinn og religi\u00f8se v\u00e6sener.\">Islam<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138034\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kaosmagter og kosmiske modstandere, modspillere i den religionshistoriske dualisme.\">Anti-Gud<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Der blev ikke fundet nogen overskrifter p\\u00e5 denne side.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIndholdsfortegnelse\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140433\" alt=\"Iblis - guder fra islam-traditionen, historisk-illustrativt\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_iblis.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Iblis er hovedmodstanderfiguren i den islamiske tradition. Hans centrale scene, fortalt flere steder i Koranen (blandt andet sura 2,34; 7,11, 18; 15,28, 35; 38,71, 85), er hans v\u00e6gring mod at kaste sig ned for Adam.<\/p><p>Da Gud skaber mennesket af ler og befaler <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">englene<\/span> at hylde ham, protesterer Iblis: han er skabt af ild, Adam kun af ler. Denne ene v\u00e6gring g\u00f8r ham til leder af Shayatin.<\/p><p>Strukturelt adskiller han sig fra Satan: If\u00f8lge sura 18,50 er Iblis ikke en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>, men en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"I Koranen et v\u00e6sen af r\u00f8gfri ild med fri vilje, hverken engel eller d\u00e6mon, men en selvst\u00e6ndig skabning med egen moral.\">jinn<\/span>. Alligevel stod han over englene, s\u00e5 h\u00f8j var hans rang. Hans fald er ikke en magtkamp, men ulydighed. Hans virke indtil Dommedag er tilladt af Gud: han m\u00e5 forf\u00f8re mennesket, men ikke tvinge det.<\/p><div><p><strong>Centrale koranske tekster<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis optr\u00e6der i flere suraer i Koranen. Den centrale fort\u00e6lling er v\u00e6gringen mod at kaste sig ned for Adam: <em>Og da vi sagde til englene, \u201ekast jer ned for Adam\u201c, kastede de sig ned, undtagen Iblis<\/em> (sura 2,34; p\u00e5 samme m\u00e5de 7,11, 12; 15,28, 32; 17,61; 18,50; 20,116; 38,71, 74).<\/p><p>Denne v\u00e6gring er Koranens urgamle synd og etablerer Iblis som hovedmodstander for menneskets frelse.<\/p><p>I de tilh\u00f8rende vers uddyber Iblis sin begrundelse: han er skabt af r\u00f8gfri ild (<em>marij min nar<\/em>), Adam derimod af ler; det ville v\u00e6re urimeligt for ham at kaste sig ned for et lavere skabt v\u00e6sen. Denne konstruktion i sura 38,76 g\u00f8r hovmodet til den strukturelle \u00e5rsag til faldet, parallelt med den kristent-luciferiske <em>superbia<\/em>-tradition.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e5 et blik: Iblis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Modstander, leder af Shayatin<br>Oprindelse: Jinn af r\u00f8gfri ild (sura 18,50)<br>Navne: Iblis, Azazil (forislamisk), ash-Shaytan al-Rajim<br>Tekster: Koranen (mange steder), hadith, qisas al-anbiya<br>Funktion: Frister, l\u00e6rer i usandhed, modstander ved verdens ende<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Indplacering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teksternes tidsperiode<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Koranisk grundl\u00e6ggelse i det 7. \u00e5rhundrede e.Kr. Uddybet reception i klassisk koraneksegese (tafsir), qisas al-anbiya (&#8220;profethistorier&#8221;), sufisk litteratur (is\u00e6r al-Hallaj, Ibn Arabi med egne fortolkninger). Moderne reception i islamisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den videnskabelige l\u00e6re om Gud og troen i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den i hverdagen levede religi\u00f8sitet, ofte side om side med den officielle l\u00e6re.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkereligi\u00f8sitet<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udbredelsesomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Den islamiske verden som helhed. Lokal <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den i hverdagen levede religi\u00f8sitet, ofte side om side med den officielle l\u00e6re.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkereligi\u00f8sitet<\/span> forbinder Iblis-fort\u00e6llinger med regionale d\u00e6monmotiver: nordafrikanske, tyrkisk-centralasiatiske, syd\u00f8stasiatiske.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kildesituation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Koranen (sura 2, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20, 38 og flere), hadith-samlinger (Bukhari, Muslim), qisas al-anbiya (al-Kisa&#8217;i, al-Tha&#8217;labi), sufisk litteratur (al-Hallaj, Ibn Arabi, Rumi), moderne teologiske fremstillinger.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ben\u00e6vnelse og skrivem\u00e5der<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Arabisk:<\/strong> <em>Iblis<\/em>, sandsynligvis afledt af det gr\u00e6ske <em>diabolos<\/em>.<br>Forislamisk\/apokalyptisk: <em>Azazil<\/em> (i visse traditioner Iblis&#8217; navn f\u00f8r hans synd).<br>Tilnavne: <em>ash-Shaytan al-Rajim<\/em>, \u201eden stenede dj\u00e6vel\u201c; <em>al-Khannas<\/em>, \u201eden, der tr\u00e6kker sig tilbage\u201c; <em>&#8216;Aduw&#8217; Allah<\/em>, \u201eGuds fjende\u201c.<\/p><p>Etymologien fra <em>diabolos<\/em> vidner om kontakten med den kristen-j\u00f8diske tradition f\u00f8r islam. Tilnavnene fordeler forskellige aspekter: hans udst\u00f8delse fra Guds n\u00e6rhed, hans flugt ved omtale af Allah, hans fjendskab.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00e6senstr\u00e6k<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Fremtoning<\/strong><\/p><p>Koranen giver ingen billedbeskrivelse. Sufi-litteraturen fremh\u00e6ver hans ildv\u00e6sen. Folketraditionen viser ham som skr\u00e6kindjagende, hornet og flammende. Der findes ingen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tilh\u00f8rende en religions fastlagte hellige skriftkorpus; ikke-kanoniske tekster kaldes apokryfe.\">kanonisk<\/span>-billedlig islamisk tradition i egentlig forstand.<\/p><p><strong>Adf\u00e6rd<\/strong><\/p><p>V\u00e6grer sig ved at underkaste sig Adam. Ber Allah om opskud til Dommedag for at kunne forlede menneskeheden. Allah giver ham lov, og Iblis bliver en pr\u00f8vesten, ikke en kosmisk modmagt.<\/p><p><strong>Virkefelt<\/strong><\/p><p>Hele menneskeheden. Hans foretrukne redskab er <em>waswasa<\/em> (indskydelse). Han handler ikke med vold, men ved at hviske tvivl og falske tanker ind.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologisk placering<\/strong><\/p><p>If\u00f8lge sura 18,50 er han en jinn, skabt af r\u00f8gfri ild. Dermed adskiller han sig grundl\u00e6ggende fra den kristen-j\u00f8diske &#8220;faldne <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>&#8220;. Sufi-fortolkninger (is\u00e6r al-Hallaj) l\u00e6ser Iblis&#8217; afvisning ogs\u00e5 som udtryk for den reneste tauhid-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Troen p\u00e5 \u00e9n enkelt Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteisme<\/span>: han ville kun b\u00f8je sig for Gud, ikke for en skabning.<\/p><div><p><strong>Sufi-tradition og ambivalente l\u00e6sninger<\/strong><\/p><p>Et eget og religionshistorisk fascinerende lag udg\u00f8res af sufi-traditionen om Iblis. Mansur al-Hallaj (d. 922) udviklede i sit v\u00e6rk <em>Kitab al-Tawasin<\/em> en paradoksal l\u00e6sning: Iblis er den sande monoteist, der netop gennem sin v\u00e6gring bekender sig absolut til Gud, fordi han ikke kaster sig ned for noget andet v\u00e6sen.<\/p><p>Denne l\u00e6sning blev af den ortodokse islamiske tradition forkastet som <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"I kristen tradition en l\u00e6re, der afviger fra den ortodokse position; blev i antikken og middelalderen m\u00f8dt med sanktioner.\">k\u00e6tteri<\/span> og f\u00f8rte til al-Hallajs henrettelse, men den forblev levende i sufi-traditionen. Farid ud-Din Attar (d. 1221) videreudviklede den i sit v\u00e6rk <em>Mantiq at-Tair<\/em>; Ibn Arabi (d. 1240) integrerede den i sin spekulative <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Esoterisk l\u00e6re, grundlagt 1875 af Helena Petrovna Blavatsky; en syntese af \u00f8stlig visdom, spiritisme og vestlig okkultisme.\">teosofi<\/span>.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Den moderne akademiske behandling af denne tradition findes hos Peter J. Awn, <em>Satan&#8217;s Tragedy and Redemption. Iblis in Sufi Psychology<\/em> (Brill, Leiden 1983), og hos <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tysk islamforsker (1922\u20132003); hovedv\u00e6rk Mystische Dimensionen des Islam (1985).\">Annemarie Schimmel<\/span>, <em>Mystische Dimensionen des Islam<\/em> (Diederichs, K\u00f6ln 1985).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Portr\u00e6t: Iblis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De vigtigste aspekter af Iblis p\u00e5 et overblik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' oprindelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jinn af r\u00f8gfri ild, med en h\u00f8j position blandt englene. V\u00e6grede sig ved at b\u00f8je sig for Adam og har siden v\u00e6ret menneskehedens forleder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' m\u00e5lgruppe<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hele menneskeheden, is\u00e6r de troende. Hans hvisken (waswasa) retter sig mod tvivl, ulydighed og hovmod.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' fremtoning<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ingen kanonisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e6ren om billeders indhold og betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi<\/span>. Sufi-traditionen fremh\u00e6ver hans flammende v\u00e6sen. Folkelig billedsprog viser ham hornet og skr\u00e6kindjagende.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' virkning<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Forledelse gennem indskydelse, ikke gennem tvang. Hans virke er tilladt af Gud som en pr\u00f8ve, og mennesket har frit valg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' afv\u00e6rgelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ta&#8217;awudh-formlen (&#8220;Jeg s\u00f8ger tilflugt hos Allah mod den stenede Satan&#8221;), basmalaen, opl\u00e6sning af de tre beskyttende suraer (Ikhlas, Falaq, Nas), ruqya.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' paralleller<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Satan, Lucifer (kristen), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137939\">Azazel<\/a> (j\u00f8disk), Ahriman (zoroastrisk), Mara (buddhistisk).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Afv\u00e6rgelse og omgang<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualer til afv\u00e6rgelse<\/strong><\/p><p>Ta&#8217;awudh f\u00f8r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Menneskets sproglige tilvendelse til en gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f8n<\/span> og koranopl\u00e6sning. Basmalaen f\u00f8r hver handling. Daglig opl\u00e6sning af de tre beskyttende suraer og tronvers (Ayat al-Kursi). Ruqya ved formodet p\u00e5virkning.<\/p><p><strong>Teologisk holdning<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis skal ikke frygtes som en kosmisk modgud, han er en skabning, begr\u00e6nset af Gud. Det vigtigste v\u00e6rn er den bevidste ihukommelse af Gud (<em>dhikr<\/em>). Waswasa virker kun i fors\u00f8mmelighed.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletter<\/strong><\/p><p>Koranvers i vedh\u00e6ng (hirz, ta\u02bfwidh), is\u00e6r Ayat al-Kursi og de tre beskyttende suraer. Hamsa-h\u00e5nden og den bl\u00e5 \u00f8jen-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En genstand, som tilskrives en lykke- eller succesbringende virkning.\" tabindex=\"0\">talisman<\/span> (nazar) som folkereligi\u00f8s tilf\u00f8jelse, teologisk omdiskuteret.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralleller og sufi-fortolkning<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Kristent-j\u00f8diske paralleller:<\/strong> Satan og Azazel er de n\u00e6rmeste paralleller. Forskellen er, at Iblis er en jinn, ikke en falden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>. Hans n\u00e6gtelse er ulydighed, ikke magtbeg\u00e6r.<\/p><p><strong>Zoroastrisk:<\/strong> Ahriman som urmodstander er strukturelt anderledes: en dualistisk modgud, ikke en skabning. Alligevel er der en motivisk n\u00e6rhed gennem den ildagtige karakter.<\/p><p><strong>Sufi-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f8s str\u00f8mning med fokus p\u00e5 umiddelbar guderfaring.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystik<\/span>:<\/strong> Al-Hallaj (10. \u00e5rh.) og Ibn Arabi fortolker Iblis&#8217; n\u00e6gtelse paradoksalt: Han skulle netop ud fra fuldkommen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Troen p\u00e5 \u00e9n eneste Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteisme<\/span> have n\u00e6gtet at falde ned for Adam. Den ortodokse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den videnskabelige l\u00e6re om Gud og troen i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> afviser denne fortolkning, mens den mystiske litteratur bevarer den.<\/p><div><p><strong>Sammenlignende position i forhold til Satan og Lucifer<\/strong><\/p><p>Iblis st\u00e5r i strukturel parallel til Satan og Lucifer fra den j\u00f8disk-kristne tradition, men er ikke identisk med dem.<\/p><p>Tre forskelle er religionshistorisk afg\u00f8rende: For det f\u00f8rste er Iblis i Koranen ikke entydigt en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span> i streng forstand, men en jinn, der havde opholdt sig blandt englene (Sura 18,50). For det andet er Iblis ikke en falden f\u00f8rstef\u00f8dt som Lucifer, men et v\u00e6sen med sin egen klassetilh\u00f8righed (<em>jinn<\/em>).<\/p><p>For det tredje karakteriseres fristelsen fra Iblis i Koranen udtrykkeligt som <em>waswasa<\/em> (indskydelse), alts\u00e5 en ikke-tvingende tilskyndelse, som mennesket kan modst\u00e5.<\/p><p>Denne teologiske konstruktion fritager det menneskelige ansvar mindre end den paulinsk-augustinske syndeteologi og bevarer en st\u00e6rkere v\u00e6gt p\u00e5 den frie vilje (<em>ikhtiyar<\/em>). En udf\u00f8rlig behandling af den islamiske d\u00e6monologi findes i afsnittet <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137951\">\/jinn\/<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc3fab93 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc3fab93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8e25925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8e25925\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fort\u00e6llingen om det afviste kn\u00e6fald i Koranen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fb623a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5fb623a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe68d8e4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe68d8e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det centrale koraniske referencepunkt for Iblis er fort\u00e6llingen om skabelsen af Adam og opfordringen til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">englene<\/span> om at kaste sig ned for ham.<\/p><p>Denne scene fort\u00e6lles flere steder i Koranen, blandt andet i surerne 2, 7, 15, 17, 18, 20 og 38. Gud skaber Adam og befaler englene at kaste sig ned for ham. Alle adlyder, kun Iblis v\u00e6grer sig.<\/p><p>Den begrundelse, som Koranen l\u00e6gger Iblis i munden, er oplysende. I Sura 7 og Sura 38 siger han, at han er bedre end Adam, for han er skabt af ild, mens Adam er skabt af ler.<\/p><p>Iblis stiller dermed sin egen rangordning op mod Guds udtrykkelige befaling. Den islamiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den videnskabelige l\u00e6re om Gud og troen i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> har gennem \u00e5rhundreder tolket denne holdning som urssynden hovmod, <em>kibr<\/em> eller <em>istikbar<\/em>. Iblis er ulydig, fordi han s\u00e6tter sin egen dom over Guds udtrykkelige befaling.<\/p><p>Som f\u00f8lge heraf udst\u00f8des og forbandes Iblis fra n\u00e6rheden af Gud. Han beder dog om en frist til opstandelsens dag, og Gud giver ham den. Iblis erkl\u00e6rer derefter, at han vil bringe mennesker p\u00e5 afveje fra den rette vej, med undtagelse af Guds oprigtige tjenere.<\/p><p>Dermed er den rolle, som Iblis spiller til tidens ende, fastlagt i Koranen: rollen som fristeren, der bedrager mennesket, men ikke kan tvinge ham. Vigtigt er den teologiske pointe, at Iblis ikke er en modgud. Han handler inden for de gr\u00e6nser, som Gud har tilladt, og hans frist er selv en guddommelig indr\u00f8mmelse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6630484 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6630484\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9386f49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9386f49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Engel eller dsjinn? En gammel teologisk debat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp00bddc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp00bddc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa58846b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa58846b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En af de \u00e6ldste og mest intenst f\u00f8rte debatter i islamisk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den videnskabelige l\u00e6re om Gud og troen i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span> vedr\u00f8rer Iblis&#8217; natur. Koranen n\u00e6vner ham \u00e9t sted, i Sura 18 vers 50, udtrykkeligt som en af jinnerne.<\/p><p>Andre steder fort\u00e6lles hans n\u00e6gtelse dog i sammenh\u00e6ng med opfordringen til <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">englene<\/span>, hvilket rejser sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om, hvorvidt han h\u00f8rte til blandt englene.<\/p><p>Ud fra denne tilsyneladende modsigelse udviklede de l\u00e6rde forskellige l\u00f8sninger. En retning argumenterede for, at Iblis havde v\u00e6ret en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>, for kun til englene var befalingen rettet, og kun en modtager af befalingen kunne overtr\u00e6de den. Iblis skulle da have \u00e6ndret sin natur gennem sin ulydighed.<\/p><p>En anden, senere dominerende retning ans\u00e5 ham for en jinn, som havde opholdt sig blandt englene eller havde n\u00e5et deres rang, hvorfor befalingen ogs\u00e5 omfattede ham.<\/p><p>Denne l\u00f8sning har den fordel, at den bevarer den udtrykkelige udsagn i Sura 18 og samtidig forklarer, at Iblis, i mods\u00e6tning til de syndfrie <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engle<\/span>, kunne v\u00e6re ulydig og have efterkommere, for Koranen n\u00e6vner hans efterkommere.<\/p><p>Bag debatten ligger st\u00f8rre teologiske sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l. Hvis <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engle<\/span> grundl\u00e6ggende ikke kan v\u00e6re ulydige, m\u00e5 Iblis enten v\u00e6re en undtagelse eller ikke v\u00e6re en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk budbringerv\u00e6sen fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>. Afklaringen ber\u00f8rer dermed l\u00e6ren om englenes syndfrihed og sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om viljens frihed.<\/p><p>Kommentarlitteraturen, blandt andet hos at-Tabari, az-Zamachschari og ar-Razi, dokumenterer denne diskussion udf\u00f8rligt og fremf\u00f8rer forskellige overleverede meninger. En fuldst\u00e6ndig ensartet l\u00f8sning har ikke vundet almindelig anerkendelse, men indordningen som jinn er den fremherskende i den senere tradition. Om disse v\u00e6seners natur, se ogs\u00e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137951\">jinn<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa44f227 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpa44f227\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp55be4bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp55be4bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis og shaitan: navne og begreber<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9393169 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9393169\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca292ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca292ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00e5 arabisk anvendes to begreber, som p\u00e5 dansk ofte begge overs\u00e6ttes med dj\u00e6vel eller Satan, men som har forskellig oprindelse og brug. <em>Iblis<\/em> er i Koranen et egennavn og betegner den bestemte skikkelse, som ikke b\u00f8jede sig for Adam.<\/p><p><em>Shaitan<\/em> er derimod snarere et funktionsbegreb. Det kan betegne Iblis, men bruges i Koranen ogs\u00e5 i pluralis <em>shayatin<\/em> og kan generelt betyde en gudfjendsk, forledende magt, menneskelig eller dsjinnisk.<\/p><p>Navnet Iblis&#8217; oprindelse er sprogligt omdiskuteret. En udbredt forklaring, som allerede muslimske l\u00e6rde fremf\u00f8rte, afleder det af den arabiske rod <em>b-l-s<\/em>, som har at g\u00f8re med fortvivlelse og h\u00e5bl\u00f8shed.<\/p><p>Iblis ville da v\u00e6re den, der fortvivler eller m\u00e5 fortvivle over Guds barmhjertighed. Den nutidige forskning anser derimod en afledning fra det gr\u00e6ske <em>diabolos<\/em>, bagtaleren, for mere sandsynlig, muligvis formidlet via syrisk eller andre kristne overleveringsveje i det f\u00f8rislamiske Arabien.<\/p><p><em>Shaitan<\/em> er derimod et gammelsemitisk ord, som er besl\u00e6gtet med det hebraiske <em>satan<\/em>, modstander. De to begreber henviser alts\u00e5 til to forskellige traditionslinjer, som forenes i Koranen.<\/p><p>Den n\u00f8jagtige afklaring af disse etymologier er vigtig for religionshistorien, fordi den viser, hvordan den islamiske forestilling om dj\u00e6velen sammens\u00e6ttes af \u00e6ldre, j\u00f8diske, kristne og arabiske elementer, uden dog blot at v\u00e6re identisk med nogen af dem. Iblis er en selvst\u00e6ndig koransk skikkelse, der optager \u00e6ldre motiver og ordner dem p\u00e5 ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe37b786 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe37b786\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd8b5b57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd8b5b57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis i den islamiske mystik<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c3c139 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5c3c139\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5c89634 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5c89634\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En s\u00e6rlig og for udenforst\u00e5ende ofte overraskende tolkning fik Iblis i dele af den islamiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Religi\u00f8s str\u00f8mning med v\u00e6gt p\u00e5 umiddelbar guderfaring.\" tabindex=\"0\">mystik<\/span>, sufismen. Mens hovedparten af traditionen entydigt ford\u00f8mmer Iblis som en hovmodig ulydig, udviklede enkelte mystiske t\u00e6nkere en mere differentieret, i visse udgaver ligefrem paradoksal opfattelse.<\/p><p>Den mest kendte repr\u00e6sentant er al-Hallaj, som blev henrettet i begyndelsen af det 10. \u00e5rhundrede. I sit v\u00e6rk <em>Kitab at-Tawasin<\/em> fremstiller han Iblis som en, der netop af k\u00e6rlighed og ren <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Troen p\u00e5 \u00e9n enkelt Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteisme<\/span> n\u00e6gtede at b\u00f8je sig for nogen anden end Gud.<\/p><p>Efter denne l\u00e6sning stod Iblis over for en ul\u00f8selig konflikt: Gud befalede ham at b\u00f8je sig for Adam, men Iblis ville kun b\u00f8je sig for Gud alene. Hans ulydighed ville dermed v\u00e6re udtryk for en ekstrem, om end fejlrettet troskab mod Guds enhed.<\/p><p>Ogs\u00e5 den senere persiske digter og mystiker Ahmad al-Ghazali, en bror til den mere ber\u00f8mte teolog, fremf\u00f8rte besl\u00e6gtede tanker og betragtede Iblis som en l\u00e6rer i absolut hengivenhed.<\/p><p>Denne tolkning forblev en mindretalsposition og blev skarpt afvist af den ortodokse <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den videnskabelige l\u00e6re om Gud og om troen i en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologi<\/span>. Den er dog religionshistorisk betydningsfuld, fordi den viser, at Iblis-fort\u00e6llingen i den islamiske tradition ikke havde blot \u00e9n fast betydning.<\/p><p>Majoritetsopfattelsen forblev altid, at Iblis satte sin egen d\u00f8mmekraft over den udtrykkelige guddommelige befaling og dermed inkarnerer hovmodets kerne.<\/p><p>Den mystiske modl\u00e6sning gjorde dog Iblis til en skikkelse, hvorom grundl\u00e6ggende sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l om lydighed, k\u00e6rlighed og forholdet mellem guddommelig vilje og guddommelig befaling blev forhandlet. Den blev senere udforsket grundigt af vestlige orientalister, is\u00e6r af Louis Massignon i hans Hallaj-forskning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9199fe e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf9199fe\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp37696b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp37696b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iblis' virke og sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om den frie vilje<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp34c6267 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp34c6267\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9559d8a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp9559d8a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Et teologisk centralt sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l handler om, hvad Iblis egentlig kan form\u00e5. Koranen er tydelig her: Iblis hvisker, udsmykker det onde som sk\u00f8nt, v\u00e6kker falske forh\u00e5bninger og f\u00f8rer p\u00e5 afveje, men han har ingen tvingende magt over menneskene.<\/p><p>I sura 14, vers 22 lader Koranen ham selv sige p\u00e5 Dommens Dag, at han blot havde kaldt p\u00e5 menneskene, og at de havde fulgt ham, og at de derfor ikke skulle bebrejde ham, men sig selv. Ansvaret for synden forbliver dermed hos mennesket.<\/p><p>Ud fra denne udsagn drog teologerne den konklusion, at Iblis&#8217; virke ikke oph\u00e6ver menneskets frie vilje. Iblis skaber en fristelse, men han tvinger ikke til noget. Denne l\u00e6re var vigtig for at bevare Guds retf\u00e6rdighed: hvis mennesket var hj\u00e6lpel\u00f8st udleveret til Iblis, kunne det ikke holdes ansvarligt for sine handlinger.<\/p><p>De forskellige teologiske skoler, blandt andet mutaziliterne og asharitterne, vurderede forholdet mellem Guds almagt og menneskets ansvar forskelligt, men de fastholdt alle Iblis&#8217; grundl\u00e6ggende begr\u00e6nsning.<\/p><p>I praksis er hertil knyttet l\u00e6ren om <em>waswasa<\/em>, indskydelserne. Fromhedstraditionen kender talrige anvisninger p\u00e5, hvordan den troende beskytter sig mod disse indskydelser, blandt andet ved at udtale skjoldformlen, der beder Gud om beskyttelse mod den forbandede Iblis, ved <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Menneskets sproglige henvendelse til en gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f8n<\/span> og ved at mindes Gud.<\/p><p>De to sidste suraer i Koranen, de s\u00e5kaldte beskyttelsessuraer, reciteres is\u00e6r i denne sammenh\u00e6ng. I dette perspektiv forbliver Iblis en reel, men begr\u00e6nset modstander, hvis magt kun r\u00e6kker s\u00e5 langt, som mennesket giver plads til den. If\u00f8lge Koranen udl\u00f8ber hans tildelte frist ved tidens ende.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yderligere links<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anbefalede interne links:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137941\">Islam<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137951\">Jinn<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137952\">Shayatin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137953\">Ifrit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137954\">Ghul<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137939\">Azazel<\/a> (forhistorie)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137945\">Satan<\/a> (kristen parallel)<\/li><li>Sufi-tolkninger af Iblis<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Litteratur (udvalg)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Et udvalg af centrale v\u00e6rker om Iblis:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Awn, Peter J.: <em>Satan&#8217;s Tragedy and Redemption. Ibl\u012bs in Sufi Psychology<\/em>. Leiden 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bodman, Whitney: <em>The Poetics of Iblis<\/em>. Cambridge 2011.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Awad, Najib George: <em>Orthodoxy in Arabic Terms<\/em>. Berlin 2018.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Khalidi, Tarif: <em>Images of Muhammad<\/em>. New York 2009 (i konteksten af qisas).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Smith, Jane I. \/ Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck: <em>The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection<\/em>. Oxford 2002.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Flere standardv\u00e6rker i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138058\">litteraturlisten<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1ed6e e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ec1ed6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6065a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6065a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l om Iblis<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvem er Iblis i islam?<\/h3><p>Iblis er i islam den figur, der svarer til den kristne Satan-figur. If\u00f8lge Koranen (sura 7,11ff) n\u00e6gtede Iblis at kaste sig ned for den nyskabte Adam, af hovmod, fordi han var skabt af r\u00f8gl\u00f8s ild, mens Adam blot var skabt af ler.<\/p><p>Han blev derefter forbandet. Iblis er i islamisk forst\u00e5else ikke en falden <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>, men en jinn, et v\u00e6sen af r\u00f8gl\u00f8s ild.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvad er forskellen mellem Iblis og Shaitan?<\/h3><p>Iblis er egennavnet p\u00e5 den konkrete figur, der satte sig op mod Allah. Shaitan (arabisk for Satan) er en samlebetegnelse for alle onde \u00e5nder, der frister menneskene, og Iblis er den \u00f8verste blandt dem.<\/p><p>I nogle udl\u00e6gninger er Iblis lederen af Shaitan-skaren, i andre er Iblis og Shaitan praktisk taget identiske. Koranen bruger begge begreber i forskellige sammenh\u00e6nge.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvem er Iblis i islam?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Iblis er i islam den figur, der svarer til den kristne Satan-figur. If\u00f8lge Koranen (sura 7,11ff) n\u00e6gtede Iblis at kaste sig ned for den nyskabte Adam, af hovmod, fordi han var skabt af r\u00f8gl\u00f8s ild, mens Adam blot var skabt af ler.Han blev derefter forbandet. Iblis er i islamisk forst\u00e5else ikke en falden engel, men en jinn, et v\u00e6sen af r\u00f8gl\u00f8s ild.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvad er forskellen mellem Iblis og Shaitan?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Iblis er egennavnet p\u00e5 den konkrete figur, der satte sig op mod Allah. Shaitan (arabisk for Satan) er en samlebetegnelse for alle onde \u00e5nder, der frister menneskene, og Iblis er den \u00f8verste blandt dem.I nogle udl\u00e6gninger er Iblis lederen af Shaitan-skaren, i andre er Iblis og Shaitan praktisk taget identiske. Koranen bruger begge begreber i forskellige sammenh\u00e6nge.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1595,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Iblis Shaitan Englefald","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Iblis - Den forkastende, islams modstander","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Iblis er hovedmodstanderfiguren i den islamiske tradition. Hans centrale scene fort\u00e6lles flere steder i Koranen, blandt andet i sura 2,34.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"islam","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-137950","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iblis - Den forkastende, islams modstander<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Iblis er hovedmodstanderfiguren i den islamiske tradition. 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