{"id":137936,"date":"2026-09-03T07:03:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:03:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=137936"},"modified":"2026-09-03T07:45:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T07:45:16","slug":"shedim","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/shedim\/","title":{"rendered":"Shedim"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"137936\" class=\"elementor elementor-137936 elementor-850\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim, d\u00e6mon i den j\u00f8diske tradition<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Shedim er en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c5ndeligt v\u00e6sen, som tilskrives skadelig eller dobbelttydig virkning.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e6mon<\/span> i den j\u00f8diske tradition.<\/p><p>Den klassiske d\u00e6monbetegnelse i j\u00f8dedommen, mellem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> og besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5l.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"D\u00e6mon \/ d\u00e6moninde: Overnaturligt v\u00e6sen med for det meste skadelig eller ambivalent virkning. St\u00e5r mellem guder og mennesker, for\u00e5rsager sygdom, fristelse eller ulykke og afv\u00e6rges gennem besv\u00e6rgelse, apotrop\u00e6iske midler og ritualer.\">D\u00e6mon<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137924\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"J\u00f8disk trostradition fra Tanak til kabbala og nutidig mystik.\">J\u00f8dedom<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Der blev ikke fundet nogen overskrifter p\\u00e5 denne side.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tIndholdsfortegnelse\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-140339\" alt=\"Shedim - d\u00e6moner fra den j\u00f8diske tradition, historisk-illustrativ\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/daemonen_judentum_shedim.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Shedim<\/em> er den bredest anvendte samlebetegnelse for d\u00e6moner i den j\u00f8diske tradition. I mods\u00e6tning til Lilith, Asmodai eller Azazel betegner ordet ikke en enkelt skikkelse, men en klasse af usynlige, ofte farlige v\u00e6sener, der st\u00e5r mellem engle og mennesker.<\/p><p>I det bibelske hebraisk er ordet kun belagt to gange (5 Mos 32,17; Sl 106,37), men i den rabbinske litteratur bliver <em>shedim<\/em> standardtermen for d\u00e6moner i almindelighed.<\/p><p>Kildematerialet er enormt. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> indeholder talrige fort\u00e6llinger og retlige afg\u00f8relser, der foruds\u00e6tter shedim; de aram\u00e6iske besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5le bander dem ved navn; middelalderlige kabbalister ordner dem i hierarkier af \u201eden anden side&#8221;.<\/p><p>Op til den moderne chassidiske folkereligion forbliver begrebet i brug. Dets etymologi forbinder det med det mesopotamiske <em>shedu<\/em> (beskyttende genius, dels farlig), en af de t\u00e6tteste sproglig-religi\u00f8se broer mellem Mesopotamien og j\u00f8dedommen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u00e5 et blik: Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Type:<\/strong> Samlebetegnelse for d\u00e6moner og usynlige skadev\u00e6sener<br>Oprindelse: Formodentlig mesopotamisk (<em>shedu<\/em>), bibelsk-hebraisk i overtagelse<br>Tekster: 5 Mos 32,17; Sl 106,37; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (bl.a. Pesachim 110, 112); aram\u00e6iske besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5le; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Str\u00f8mning inden for j\u00f8disk mystik med hovedv\u00e6rker som Sefer Jezira og Sohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabbala<\/span><br>Tidsrum: Fra f\u00f8r eksilet til i dag<br>Udbredelse: Babylonien, Pal\u00e6stina, den verdensomsp\u00e6ndende diaspora<br>Afv\u00e6rgelse: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Menneskets sproglige henvendelse til en gudom.\" tabindex=\"0\">b\u00f8n<\/span>, navnemagi, amuletter, mezuzah, rabbinsk regulerede beskyttelseshandlinger<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Indplacering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teksternes tidsperiode<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De to bibelsteder st\u00e5r i sammenh\u00e6ng med polemik mod afgudsofre; her er shedim de \u201efremmede magter&#8221;, som Israel uretm\u00e6ssigt bringer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gave til en gudom for at udtrykke tak, b\u00f8n eller tilbedelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">offer<\/span> til. Udformningen sker i den rabbinske litteratur i det 3.-6. \u00e5rhundrede e.Kr., is\u00e6r i den babylonske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>. De aram\u00e6iske besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5le (4.-7. \u00e5rh.) giver rige praktiske indblik. Middelalderlig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Str\u00f8mning inden for j\u00f8disk mystik med hovedv\u00e6rker som Sefer Jezira og Sohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabbala<\/span> og folkemagi f\u00f8rer traditionen videre.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udbredelsesomr\u00e5de<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Centrum er Babylonien (det sasanidiske rige), hvor besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5lene opst\u00e5r. Desuden Pal\u00e6stina og hele den senere diaspora. I moderne j\u00f8diske samfund verden over er begrebet stadig til stede, is\u00e6r i ortodokse og chassidiske milj\u00f8er.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kildesituation<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bibelske enkeltsteder, rabbinsk litteratur (Mishna, Tosefta, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>), midrashiske tekster, aram\u00e6iske besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5le med hundreder af eksemplarer, middelalderlig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Str\u00f8mning inden for j\u00f8disk mystik med hovedv\u00e6rker som Sefer Jezira og Sohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabbala<\/span> (Sefer Raziel, Zohar), amuletter, moderne folkereligi\u00f8se h\u00e5ndb\u00f8ger. En af de bedst belagte d\u00e6monklasser i hele Middelhavsomr\u00e5det.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ben\u00e6vnelse og skrivem\u00e5der<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebraisk:<\/strong> <em>shed<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3, singularis), <em>shedim<\/em> (\u05e9\u05b5\u05c1\u05d3\u05b4\u05d9\u05dd, pluralis).<br>Aram\u00e6isk: <em>sh\u012bd\u0101<\/em>, pluralis <em>sh\u012bd\u0113<\/em>.<br>Besl\u00e6gtede begreber: <em>mazzikim<\/em> (skadere), <em>ruchot ra&#8217;ot<\/em> (onde \u00e5nder), <em>lilin<\/em> (natskikkelser). Alle betegner overlappende, men ikke identiske kategorier.<\/p><p>Den sandsynlige afledning fra det mesopotamiske <em>shedu<\/em> (beskyttende tyregenius ved <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En bygning, der tjener tilbedelsen af en eller flere gudommer.\" tabindex=\"0\">tempel<\/span>&#8211; og palasporte) er sprogligt interessant: Hvad der i Mesopotamien var en beskyttende kraft, bliver i Israel til en trussel. Det afspejler den religionshistoriske position i den bibelske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Troen p\u00e5 \u00e9n enkelt gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteisme<\/span>: Hvad andre tilbad som beskyttergud\u0435, kan i det israelitiske system kun v\u00e6re <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c5ndeligt v\u00e6sen, som tilskrives skadelig eller dobbelttydig virkning.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e6mon<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskrivelse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Fremtoning<\/strong><\/p><p>Stort set usynlige. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> beskriver dem humoristisk: \u201eDen, der vil se deres spor, skal str\u00f8 aske omkring sin seng, om morgenen ser han hanespor.&#8221; Enkelte tekster giver dem vinger, en menneskelig grundform og ikke-menneskelige f\u00f8dder. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"L\u00e6ren om billedindhold og deres betydning.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ikonografien<\/span> p\u00e5 tryllekummerne viser dem bundet, for det meste antropomorfe.<\/p><p><strong>Adf\u00e6rd<\/strong><\/p><p>Shedim opholder sig p\u00e5 urene steder (ruiner, latriner, kirkeg\u00e5rde), gr\u00e6nser og overgangssteder. De for\u00e5rsager sygdom, forstyrrer s\u00f8vnen, s\u00e6tter splid, forf\u00f8rer. I mods\u00e6tning til Lilith har de ikke noget bestemt ansvarsomr\u00e5de, de er den \u201ealmene&#8221; d\u00e6moniske trussel i hverdagen.<\/p><p><strong>Virkeomr\u00e5de<\/strong><\/p><p>Urene steder, overgange, natlige situationer, rejser. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> n\u00e6vner specifikke faresteder: kanter, d\u00f8rt\u00e6rskler, br\u00f8nde, latriner, veje i skumringen.<\/p><p><strong>Mytologisk oprindelse<\/strong><\/p><p>Midrasjiske traditioner kender flere oprindelser: som de sidste v\u00e6sener i skabelsesugen, som Adams efterkommere med Lilith, som v\u00e6sener formet af st\u00f8v, der blev st\u00e5ende inden skabelsen var fuldf\u00f8rt. Mangfoldigheden i disse fort\u00e6llinger er i sig selv et udtryk for kategoriens \u00e5benhed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stamdata: Shedim<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>De vigtigste aspekter af shedim p\u00e5 et blik. Uddybningen om navn, beskrivelse, afv\u00e6rge og paralleller findes i de f\u00f8lgende afsnit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oprindelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samlebegreb, ikke et enkelt v\u00e6sen. Etymologisk stammer det sandsynligvis fra det mesopotamiske <em>shedu<\/em>, som i bibelsk og rabbinsk hebraisk fik en negativ betydning.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Shedims m\u00e5lgruppe<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Almen trussel. Mennesker, der opholder sig p\u00e5 urene steder eller ved t\u00e6rskler; rejsende i skumringen; sovende uden beskyttelsesformular.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Erscheinungsbild<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Stort set usynlige. Beskrives ind imellem med hanef\u00f8dder, vinger og en menneskelig overkrop. P\u00e5 tryllekummerne afbildes de antropomorft og bundet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funktion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sygdom, natlige forstyrrelser, splid, pludselig forskr\u00e6kkelse. Skadevirkning uden en sn\u00e6ver tematisk specialisering.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskyttelse<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Menneskets sproglige henvendelse til en gudeskikkelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">B\u00f8n<\/span>, navnemagi, amuletter, mesusa p\u00e5 d\u00f8ren, beskyttelsesformularer ved indtr\u00e6den p\u00e5 urene steder. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> giver detaljerede regler for adf\u00e6rd (f.eks. ved gang til latrinen).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Relaterede v\u00e6sener<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mesopotamiske <em>shedu<\/em>\/<em>lamassu<\/em> (etymologisk besl\u00e6gtede), gr\u00e6ske <em>daimones<\/em> (sammenlignelig samlekategori), kristne d\u00e6moner i almindelighed, arabiske <em>jinn<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praktisk beskyttelse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ritualer til afv\u00e6rgelse<\/strong><\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> giver detaljerede anvisninger: beskyttelsesformularer ved indtr\u00e6den i en latrine, at spytte tre gange ved bestemte m\u00f8der, h\u00e5ndvask efter opv\u00e5gning. Disse sm\u00e5 hverdagsritualer holder shedim p\u00e5 afstand, uden at man direkte forhandler med dem.<\/p><p><strong>Besv\u00e6rgelser<\/strong><\/p><p>De aram\u00e6iske tryllekummer er den rigeste kilde. Deres tekster besv\u00e6rger de enkelte shedim ved navn, binder dem med Guds navne og engelnavne og henviser dem tilbage til urene steder. Den centrale logik: den, der kender navnet p\u00e5 en shed, har magt over ham.<\/p><p><strong>Amuletter og beskyttelsessymboler<\/strong><\/p><p>Mesusa p\u00e5 hver d\u00f8rkarm, Guds navn <em>Shaddai<\/em> derp\u00e5 g\u00e6lder som vogter. Kimpetsedler til barselsstue og sp\u00e6dbarn. Amuletter med salmevers og engelnavne. Chamsa-h\u00e5nd mod det onde \u00f8je.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralleller og efterliv<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mesopotamien<\/strong><\/p><p>Navnet g\u00e5r sandsynligvis tilbage til <em>shedu<\/em>, der en beskyttende tyr, her en <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c5ndeligt v\u00e6sen, som till\u00e6gges skadelig eller tvetydig virkning.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e6mon<\/span>. Denne omvurdering er et modeleksempel p\u00e5 religionshistorisk forandring.<\/p><p><strong>Islamisk tradition<\/strong><\/p><p>De arabiske <em>jinn<\/em> overtager strukturelt mange af shedims kendetegn: en klasse af usynlige mellemv\u00e6sener, ambivalente, mellem menneske og <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span>. Parallellerne er t\u00e6tte, uden at en direkte afh\u00e6ngighed kan p\u00e5vises.<\/p><p><strong>Moderne j\u00f8disk <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den overleverede folkekultur med skikke, fort\u00e6llinger og sange.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklore<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>I \u00f8steurop\u00e6isk-chassidiske traditioner lever forestillingen om shedim videre. Moderne litteratur (I. B. Singer, dybbuk-fort\u00e6llinger) tager den op. I nutidens israelske sprog bruges <em>shed<\/em> folkeligt om en \u201esk\u00e6lm&#8221; eller \u201enisse&#8221;, en ambivalent, drilagtig afsv\u00e6kkelse.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0ac5bb5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0ac5bb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp56528b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp56528b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">De f\u00e5 bibelske bel\u00e6g og problemet med overs\u00e6ttelsen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc36c61c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc36c61c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc2c0977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc2c0977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det hebraiske ord <em>schedim<\/em> forekommer kun to gange i hele Tanak, begge gange i flertal. I Femte Mosebog anklages Israel for at have ofret til <em>schedim<\/em>, som ikke er <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"En guddom, der tilbedes inden for en religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">gudheder<\/span>, men nye guder, som f\u00e6drene ikke kendte.<\/p><p>I en salme hedder det, at folket havde ofret s\u00f8nner og d\u00f8tre til <em>schedim<\/em> og dermed udgydt uskyldigt blod. Begge steder forbinder ordet t\u00e6t med en forbudt offerkult, is\u00e6r med b\u00f8rneofre bragt til fremmede magter.<\/p><p>Allerede dette spinkle bel\u00e6g viser, at det bibelske materiale n\u00e6sten intet siger om disse v\u00e6seners natur. Teksterne er polemiske, de vil nedg\u00f8re fremmede kulter, ikke udfolde en d\u00e6monologi. <em>Schedim<\/em> fremst\u00e5r her som en samlebetegnelse for modtagerne af en kult, som de bibelske forfattere br\u00e6ndem\u00e6rker som afgudsdyrkende og blodig.<\/p><p>Forskningen forbinder ordet med stor sandsynlighed med det akkadiske <em>schedu<\/em>. I det mesopotamiske omr\u00e5de betegnede dette en skyts\u00e5nd, ofte i skikkelse af et bevinget tyremenneske, der vogtede portene til paladser og templer.<\/p><p>Hvad der i Mesopotamien var en velvillig skytsgeni, blev i den hebraiske bibel omtolket til en fremmed, ulovlig magt, som man ikke m\u00e5 ofre til.<\/p><p>Denne omtolkning er et godt eksempel p\u00e5 et udbredt m\u00f8nster. Nabofolkenes guder og \u00e5nder ben\u00e6gtes ikke i den bibelske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Troen p\u00e5 \u00e9n enkelt gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">monoteisme<\/span>, men nedgraderes, de er ikke \u00e6gte gudheder, men blot <em>schedim<\/em>, som ingen retm\u00e6ssig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Summen af de religi\u00f8se tilbedelseshandlinger for en gudhed eller en hellig skikkelse.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> m\u00e5 rette sig imod.<\/p><p>Den senere j\u00f8diske d\u00e6monologi havde s\u00e5ledes n\u00e6sten intet bibelsk fundament at bygge p\u00e5 og m\u00e5tte i vid udstr\u00e6kning udvikle billedet af disse v\u00e6sener p\u00e5 ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp01ffe67 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp01ffe67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4c67ed9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp4c67ed9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Udformningen af Schedim i den rabbinske litteratur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeb7801e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpeb7801e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75df800 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp75df800\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Det var f\u00f8rst den rabbinske litteratur, is\u00e6r den babylonske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk inden for den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> og de tilh\u00f8rende fortolkningsv\u00e6rker, der gjorde det sparsomme bibelske ord til en udbygget d\u00e6monklasse. Her fremst\u00e5r <em>schedim<\/em> som en talrig, allestedsn\u00e6rv\u00e6rende art af v\u00e6sener.<\/p><p>Et ofte citeret afsnit i Talmudtraktaten Berachot beskriver, at Schedim omgiver menneskene i uhyre tal, at hver enkelt har tusinder til venstre og tusinder til h\u00f8jre, og at tr\u00e6ngslen i l\u00e6reskolen eller tr\u00e6theden i kn\u00e6ene skyldes deres virke.<\/p><p>Rabbinerne placerede Schedim i en mellemstilling.<\/p><p>En kendt tekst opregner tre egenskaber, hvor de ligner tjenerenglene, de har vinger, de flyver fra den ene ende af verden til den anden, og de kender, hvad der vil ske, samt tre egenskaber, hvor de ligner menneskene, de \u00e6der og drikker, de for\u00f8ger sig, og de d\u00f8r.<\/p><p>Schedim st\u00e5r dermed mellem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"I de abrahamitiske religioner et himmelsk sendebud fra Gud.\" tabindex=\"0\">engel<\/span> og menneske, de er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt legemlige til at kunne d\u00f8 og tilstr\u00e6kkeligt \u00e5ndelige til at besidde skjult viden.<\/p><p>Om deres oprindelse fandtes forskellige forestillinger. En udbredt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Overleveringen af viden og fort\u00e6llinger gennem generationer.\" tabindex=\"0\">overlevering<\/span> forbinder dem med skumringen p\u00e5 den sjette skabelsesdag, hvor Gud skabte deres sj\u00e6le, men p\u00e5 grund af den indtr\u00e6dende sabbat ikke l\u00e6ngere fik fuldf\u00f8rt deres kroppe, hvorfor de forblev ufuldst\u00e6ndige mellem sf\u00e6rerne. Andre tekster f\u00f8rer bestemte d\u00e6moner tilbage til Adam.<\/p><p>Den rabbinske litteratur udviklede ogs\u00e5 navne p\u00e5 enkelte anf\u00f8rere, giver oplysninger om deres foretrukne opholdssteder, som ruiner, latriner, tr\u00e6ers skygger og \u00f8de veje om natten, og n\u00e6vner tider med s\u00e6rlig fare. Dermed blev det bibelske samlebegreb til et detaljeret l\u00e6rebygningsv\u00e6rk, der gennemsyrede dagligdagen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5910d47 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5910d47\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf11b154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf11b154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Beskyttelse og afv\u00e6rgelse i den j\u00f8diske hverdag<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe1b0a3d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpe1b0a3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1bd9a61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1bd9a61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hvis verden efter rabbinsk forestilling er t\u00e6t befolket af <em>schedim<\/em>, kr\u00e6ver hverdagen beskyttelsesforanstaltninger. Den j\u00f8diske tradition udviklede over \u00e5rhundrederne et rigt repertoire af afv\u00e6rge- og forsigtighedsforanstaltninger, som stammer fra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, de efterf\u00f8lgende retsv\u00e6rker og den folkelige praksis.<\/p><p>I centrum st\u00e5r ordet. Fremsigelsen af velsignelser, studiet af <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"De fem Moseb\u00f8ger, det grundl\u00e6ggende skriftgrundlag i j\u00f8dedommen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Toraen<\/span> og is\u00e6r reciteringen af bestemte salmer, frem for alt den s\u00e5kaldte salme mod plagerne, gjaldt som virksom beskyttelse.<\/p><p>Ogs\u00e5 Shema, den j\u00f8diske trosbekendelse, der siges ved sengetid, blev forst\u00e5et som et v\u00e6rn mod nattens r\u00e6dsler. Mesuzaen p\u00e5 d\u00f8rstolpen, som indeholder vers fra <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"De fem Moseb\u00f8ger, det grundl\u00e6ggende skriftgrundlag i j\u00f8dedommen.\" tabindex=\"0\">Toraen<\/span>, beskytter efter udbredt opfattelse ogs\u00e5 huset mod skadelige magter.<\/p><p>Derudover fandtes konkrete adf\u00e6rdsregler. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> tilr\u00e5der, at man skal undg\u00e5 bestemte udsatte steder, ikke g\u00e5 alene og om natten gennem ruiner, ikke drikke vand, der har st\u00e5et \u00e5bent natten over, og p\u00e5 farlige steder ikke g\u00e5 mellem to personer eller mellem to tr\u00e6er.<\/p><p>Ogs\u00e5 det parvise udf\u00f8relse af bestemte handlinger og undg\u00e5elsen af lige tal i bestemte sammenh\u00e6nge h\u00f8rte til disse forskrifter.<\/p><p>I den folkelige <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Den levede religi\u00f8se holdning og praksis hos et menneske.\" tabindex=\"0\">fromhed<\/span>, is\u00e6r i kredsen om den lurianske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Str\u00f8mning inden for j\u00f8disk mystik med hovedv\u00e6rker som Sefer Jetzira og Sohar.\" tabindex=\"0\">kabbala<\/span> og den \u00f8steurop\u00e6iske j\u00f8dedom, kom amuletter til, beskrevne pergamenter med Guds navne, engelnavne og bibelske vers, som blev b\u00e5ret p\u00e5 kroppen eller anbragt i huset.<\/p><p>S\u00e6rligt udbredt var brugen af dem til beskyttelse af barselskvinder og nyf\u00f8dte, som ans\u00e5s for s\u00e6rligt udsatte. Disse praksisser viser, at schedim ikke blot var en l\u00e6rdomsm\u00e6ssig forestilling, men en st\u00f8rrelse, som den levede religion dagligt tog h\u00f8jde for.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp50c27ba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp50c27ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3772d2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3772d2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Salomo, herred\u00f8mmet over d\u00e6monerne og den senere legendedannelse<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp466c7cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp466c7cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24567e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp24567e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>En egen traditionslinje forbinder <em>schedim<\/em> med kong Salomo. Den udg\u00e5r fra den bibelske fremstilling, der till\u00e6gger Salomo overlegen visdom og herred\u00f8mme over hele skabelsen, og udfolder herfra forestillingen om, at kongen ogs\u00e5 beherskede \u00e5nderne og d\u00e6monerne.<\/p><p>I den babyloniske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> findes allerede en udf\u00f8rlig fort\u00e6lling, hvor Salomo fanger d\u00e6monernes leder med hj\u00e6lp af en signetring, hvorp\u00e5 Guds navn er indgraveret, og tvinger ham til at tjene ved opf\u00f8relsen af templet. I fort\u00e6llingens forl\u00f8b mister Salomo p\u00e5 grund af sin egen hovmod for en tid magten over <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u00c5ndeligt v\u00e6sen, som till\u00e6gges skadelig eller tvetydig virkning.\" tabindex=\"0\">d\u00e6monen<\/span>.<\/p><p>Denne talmudiske fort\u00e6lling blev kimen til en omfangsrig efterbibelsk legendetradition. I senere tekster, som delvist er opst\u00e5et uden for den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom, bliver Salomo den store mester over d\u00e6monerne, som kender deres navne, deres kompetenceomr\u00e5der og midlerne til at underl\u00e6gge dem.<\/p><p>P\u00e5 denne forestilling bygger en del af den j\u00f8diske og den af den p\u00e5virkede magiske litteratur fra middelalderen.<\/p><p>Videnskabeligt er denne linje oplysende, fordi den viser, hvordan der ud fra sparsomme bibelske antydninger og enkelte talmudiske fort\u00e6llinger vokser en hel genre. Signetringen, listen over d\u00e6moner med deres kendetegn, ideen om, at kendskab til navnet giver magt over v\u00e6senet, alt dette blev til faste byggesten.<\/p><p>Samtidig forholdt den normative rabbinske j\u00f8dedom sig tilbageholdende til afvisende over for den praktiske <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et sprogligt ritual, der skal fremkalde eller binde en magt.\" tabindex=\"0\">besv\u00e6rgelse<\/span> af d\u00e6moner. Salomo-traditionen bev\u00e6gede sig derfor ofte i periferien af den officielle religion eller uden for den.<\/p><p>Den viser dog, at <em>schedim<\/em> ikke blot blev opfattet som en trussel, men ogs\u00e5 som beherskelige magter, hvis kr\u00e6fter et tilstr\u00e6kkeligt vist og frygtsomt menneske kunne tage i sin tjeneste. Denne sp\u00e6nding mellem afv\u00e6rgelse og herred\u00f8mme g\u00e5r igennem hele den j\u00f8diske besk\u00e6ftigelse med schedim.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yderligere links<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anbefalede interne links:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137924\">J\u00f8dedom<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137935\">Lilith<\/a> (konkret repr\u00e6sentant for klassen)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137937\">Asmodai<\/a> (konge i shedim-hierarkiet)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=137910\">Mesopotamien<\/a> (shedu-etymologi)<\/li><li>Aram\u00e6iske tryllesk\u00e5le<\/li><li>Mesuza og j\u00f8diske beskyttelsesamuletter<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Forskningslitteratur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Et udvalg af centrale arbejder om Shedim og j\u00f8disk d\u00e6monologi:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Naveh, Joseph \/ Shaked, Shaul: <em>Amulets and Magic Bowls<\/em>. Jerusalem 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schrire, Theodore: <em>Hebrew Magic Amulets<\/em>. London 1966.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bar-Ilan, Meir: \u201eBetween Magic and Religion. Sympathetic Magic in the World of the Sages.&#8221; In: <em>Review of Rabbinic Judaism<\/em> 5 (2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Harari, Yuval: <em>Jewish Magic before the Rise of Kabbalah<\/em>. Detroit 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Trachtenberg, Joshua: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/jewishmagicsuper0000josh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Jewish Magic and Superstition<\/a><\/em>. New York 1939 (nyudgave Philadelphia 2004).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Standardlitteratur (j\u00f8dedom):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Hutter, Manfred<\/strong>: <em>Lilith. In: Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. 2. Aufl. Leiden 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Flere standardv\u00e6rker i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/da\/?page_id=138058\">litteraturfortegnelsen<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-shedim\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-shedim-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-shedim-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Den her beskrevne beskyttelsespraksis er en videnskabelig indordning af historiske traditioner. iWell Guard knytter sig til denne kulturhistoriske linje af b\u00e6rbare beskyttelsesobjekter og udg\u00f8r en samtidig form heraf. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mere om iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69c47af e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"69c47af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e92870b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e92870b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Ofte stillede sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l om Shedim<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvad er Shedim i den j\u00f8diske tradition?<\/h3><p>Shedim (flertal af Shed, hebraisk \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) er i den j\u00f8diske tradition en klasse af <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Et kropsl\u00f8st v\u00e6sen, som till\u00e6gges virkning i verden.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u00e5nde<\/span>-v\u00e6sener, som oftest karakteriseres som destruktive eller i hvert fald moralsk ambivalente.<\/p><p>I Tanakh forekommer begrebet sj\u00e6ldent (5. Mosebog 32,17; Salme 106,37), hvor det bruges som betegnelse for de hedenske guder, som israelitterne ofrede deres s\u00f8nner til. I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (is\u00e6r Pesachim 110a-112b) behandles Shedim som virkelige, overnaturlige v\u00e6sener, der lever i toiletter, ved vejkryds, i landsbyer og i bromb\u00e6rhegn.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Hvordan adskiller Shedim sig fra Mazzikim og Lilin?<\/h3><p>Den j\u00f8diske d\u00e6monologi kender flere klasser: Shedim er den mest almindelige klasse, kropslignende, intelligente v\u00e6sener med fri vilje. Mazzikim (skadevoldere) er specielt indrettet p\u00e5 at forvolde skade. Lilin er Liliths efterkommere, natd\u00e6moner.<\/p><p>Ruchot er rene \u00e5ndev\u00e6sener, nogle gange afd\u00f8de sj\u00e6le. I <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hovedv\u00e6rk i den rabbinske j\u00f8dedom med udl\u00e6gning af den religi\u00f8se overlevering.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> (Chagiga 16a) fastsl\u00e5s det, at Shedim deler tre egenskaber med mennesker (spisning, forplantning, d\u00f8delighed) og tre med engle (vinger, alvidenhed, usynlighed) \u2014 de er mellemv\u00e6sener.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvad er Shedim i den j\u00f8diske tradition?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Shedim (flertal af Shed, hebraisk \u05e9\u05d3\u05d9\u05dd) er i den j\u00f8diske tradition en klasse af \u00e5nde-v\u00e6sener, som oftest karakteriseres som destruktive eller i hvert fald moralsk ambivalente.I Tanakh forekommer begrebet sj\u00e6ldent (5. Mosebog 32,17; Salme 106,37), hvor det bruges som betegnelse for de hedenske guder, som israelitterne ofrede deres s\u00f8nner til. I Talmud (is\u00e6r Pesachim 110a-112b) behandles Shedim som virkelige, overnaturlige v\u00e6sener, der lever i toiletter, ved vejkryds, i landsbyer og i bromb\u00e6rhegn.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Hvordan adskiller Shedim sig fra Mazzikim og Lilin?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Den j\u00f8diske d\u00e6monologi kender flere klasser: Shedim er den mest almindelige klasse, kropslignende, intelligente v\u00e6sener med fri vilje. Mazzikim (skadevoldere) er specielt indrettet p\u00e5 at forvolde skade. Lilin er Liliths efterkommere, natd\u00e6moner.Ruchot er rene \u00e5ndev\u00e6sener, nogle gange afd\u00f8de sj\u00e6le. I Talmud (Chagiga 16a) fastsl\u00e5s det, at Shedim deler tre egenskaber med mennesker (spisning, forplantning, d\u00f8delighed) og tre med engle (vinger, alvidenhed, usynlighed) \u2014 de er mellemv\u00e6sener.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1690,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Shedim","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Shedim - Den klassiske d\u00e6monbetegnelse i j\u00f8dedommen","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Shedim, klassisk d\u00e6monbetegnelse i j\u00f8dedommen: mellem Talmud og besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5l, med mesopotamiske r\u00f8dder. Religionsvidenskabelig indplacering.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"judentum","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-137936","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Shedim - Den klassiske d\u00e6monbetegnelse i j\u00f8dedommen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Shedim, klassisk d\u00e6monbetegnelse i j\u00f8dedommen: mellem Talmud og besv\u00e6rgelsessk\u00e5l, med mesopotamiske r\u00f8dder. 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