{"id":191542,"date":"2026-09-07T07:26:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191542"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"buga-duw-uchel-ewenciaid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/buga-duw-uchel-ewenciaid\/","title":{"rendered":"Buga \u2013 Duw Uchel yr Ewenciaid (Twngwsiaid)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191542\" class=\"elementor elementor-191542 elementor-2642 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga, Duw Uchel a rheolwr y bydysawd yr Ewenciaid-Twngwsiaid<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yng nghyfundrefn grefyddol yr Ewenciaid a phobloedd Twngwseg eraill, mae Buga yn Dduw Uchel, y nefoedd, y bydysawd a&#8217;r byd i gyd yn un. Ef yw&#8217;r cyfanrwydd cosmig y mae teithiau&#8217;r siamaniaid, trefn yr helfa a chylch bywyd yn cael eu lle ynddo. Ym myth yr Ewenciaid a phobloedd Twngwseg eraill, mae Buga yn uno&#8217;r nefoedd, y bydysawd a&#8217;r byd yn un ffurf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cr\u00ebwr traddodiad Siberia \/ Tengriaeth.\">Cr\u00ebwr<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytholeg traddodiad Siberia \/ Tengriaeth.\">Siberia \/ Tengriaeth<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Prif dduwdod.\">Prif dduwdod<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193350\" alt=\"Buga Tungus - duwiau o&apos;r traddodiad Siberia-Tengriaeth, hanesyddol-ddarluniadol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ystyrir Buga yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"System crefyddol lle mae arbenigwyr yn cyfathrebu \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">siamaniaeth<\/span> pobloedd <strong>Twngwseg-Ewencaidd<\/strong> yn Dduw Uchel y byd uchaf a sylfaenydd trefn gosmig. Cofnodwyd <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span><\/strong> Buga a&#8217;r ffynonellau amdano yn arbennig o dda mewn caneuon Ewencaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad a Phroffil Byr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Ewenciaid (a elwid gynt yn Dwngwsiaid) yn byw yn nwyrain Siberia, rhwng afon Yenisei a&#8217;r M\u00f4r Tawel.<\/p><p>Yn eu crefydd, mae Buga (mewn rhai tafodieithoedd <em>Boga<\/em>, <em>Buya<\/em>, <em>Buwa<\/em>) yn derm sy&#8217;n golygu &#8216;nefoedd&#8217;, &#8216;byd&#8217;, &#8216;bydysawd&#8217; a &#8216;Duw Uchel&#8217; ar yr un pryd, cywasgiad ieithyddol nodedig a ddadansoddwyd yn fanwl gan yr hanesydd crefydd Sergei Shirokogoroff yn ei waith clasurol <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935).<\/p><p>O fewn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">traddodiad tengr\u00efaidd Siberaidd<\/a>, mae Buga yn haen hen iawn, o bosib o darddiad alta\u00efg-baleosiberaidd; mae rhai ymchwilwyr (Anisimov) yn gweld ynddi&#8217;r ffurf fwyaf gwreiddiol o gyd. Mae&#8217;r Ewenciaid yn siarad iaith Twngwseg-Mansiwraidd, ac felly&#8217;n sefyll ar wah\u00e2n yn ieithyddol i fyd Tengri Twrcig-Mongolaidd, achos ffiniol diddorol.<\/p><p>Mae Buga yn arbennig o werthfawr yn wyddonol-grefyddol gan i Sergei Shirokogoroff gynnal ymchwil maes hynod fanwl ymhlith yr Ewenciaid ar afon Amur yn y 1910au; mae ei waith yn garreg filltir mewn astudiaethau siamaniaeth ac yn cynnig un o&#8217;r corpysau data gorau ar grefydd unrhyw bobl frodorol yn Siberia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw ac Etymoleg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r gair <em>buga<\/em> yn Dwngwseg ac ni ellir egluro ei darddiad yn glir. Ceir ffurfiau cytras yn y Mansiwraidd (<em>bo\u03b3o<\/em>, &#8216;byd&#8217;) ac mewn rhai tafodieithoedd o&#8217;r Ewen.<\/p><p>Y sylw hollbwysig o safbwynt hanes crefydd yw hunaniaeth y gair a&#8217;r peth ei hun: nid bod sy&#8217;n byw yn y nefoedd yw Buga, ond Buga <em>yw<\/em> y nefoedd a&#8217;r byd ar yr un pryd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cywasgiad ystyrol hwn yn hynod ddiddorol o safbwynt ffenomenoleg grefyddol, gan ei fod yn cynrychioli cyfnod cyn y gwahaniad rhwng y niwminaidd a&#8217;r diriaethol, rhagffurf o&#8217;r hyn a elwir yn ddiweddarach &#8216;Duw Uchel&#8217;. Datblygodd Shirokogoroff ddamcaniaeth gyfan yma am &#8216;ymdoddiad seicofeddyliol&#8217;.<\/p><p>Yn y traddodiad Mansiwraidd, sy&#8217;n perthyn yn ieithyddol i&#8217;r Ewenceg, mae <em>bo\u03b3o<\/em> yn ymddangos yn ddiweddarach fel term arbenigol am &#8216;byd&#8217;, heb gadw&#8217;r cynodiad o Dduw Uchel. Mae&#8217;r arbenigo hwn yn dilyn Bwdhaeiddiad y Mansiwriaid yn nheyrnasiad Qing.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad ac Eiconograffeg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengri-duw-nefoedd-tengriaid\/\">Tengri<\/a>, nid oes gan Buga ffurf ddarluniadol ei hun. Fodd bynnag, mae drymiau siamanaidd yr Ewenciaid yn dangos y tri lefel bydol (uchaf, canol, isaf) a Choeden y Byd sy&#8217;n tyfu drwyddynt; ar y lefel uchaf, dangosir Buga weithiau fel haul symbolaidd gyda cylch pelydrau.<\/p><p>Mae gwisgoedd siamanaidd yr Ewenciaid o gasgliadau&#8217;r Amgueddfa Ethnograffeg Rwsiaidd (Sant Petersburg) a&#8217;r Amgueddfa Anthropoleg (MAE) yn dangos tagiau haearn manwl iawn, y dogfennodd Shirokogoroff eu harwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol yn ei waith safonol. Ni ddarlunnir Buga ei hun yn uniongyrchol ar y gwisgoedd, ond caiff ei gynrychioli gan y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> disg-haul uchaf.<\/p><p>Mae cysyniad Coeden y Byd yr Ewenciaid yn debyg yn deipolegol i gysyniad Fedig yr <em>a\u015bvattha<\/em> ac Yggdrasil Germanaidd-Gogleddol, rhywbeth a ddehonglwyd gan Eliade fel arwydd o brofiad cyffredinol &#8216;Axis Mundi&#8217;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chwedlau mytholegol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cofnododd Anisimov (1958) naratif creadigaeth Ewencaidd lle mae Buga yn gofyn i hwyaden ddod \u00e2 mwd o&#8217;r m\u00f4r cynoesol i greu&#8217;r ddaear ohono, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> clasurol Siberaidd o blymio a geir hefyd gyda <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ulgen-duw-golau-altaiaid\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>Yn amrywiadau&#8217;r Ewenciaid, mae duwdod ddrwg yn ymddangos yn aml fel cystadleuwr neu frawd (<em>Khargi<\/em>), sy&#8217;n cyfateb i swyddogaeth <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/erlik-khan-rheolwr-byd-isaf-altai\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>.<\/p><p>Mae ail naratif yn adrodd sut y mae Buga yn anfon y siamaniaid cyntaf: mae&#8217;n &#8216;hollti&#8217; person yn ddau ac yn gosod yn un hanner y gallu i weld i&#8217;r byd arall. Mae&#8217;r naratif hollti hwn yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">fyth<\/span> hanfodol o safbwynt anthropoleg grefyddol ar gyfer arferion cychwyniad siamaniaid Ewencaidd.<\/p><p>Mae trydydd naratif yn disgrifio sut y mae Buga yn codi Coeden y Byd: boncyff llarwydden enfawr, y mae ei gwreiddiau&#8217;n ymestyn i fyd isaf ysbrydion Khargi a&#8217;i choron yn dwyn olwyn yr haul. Ar y goeden hon mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arbenigwr crefyddol y priodolir iddo'r cyfryngu rhwng pobl a byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">siaman<\/span> yn teithio i&#8217;r byd uchaf, yn aml gyda chymorth symbol ceffyl-drwm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cwlt ac Addoliad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oes gan yr Ewenki gwlt teml, ond yn hytrach arfer o alw parhaus ar Buga: cyn hela, cyn taith hir, wrth y goelcerth, gelwir enw Buga; ar yr un pryd rhoddir ychydig o dybaco neu fraster ar y t\u00e2n. Mae shamaniaid yn cynnal cysylltiad rhwng Buga a&#8217;r tair haen o&#8217;r byd yn eu c\u00e2n, peth y disgrifiodd Eliade fel enghraifft glasurol o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"System crefyddol lle mae arbenigwyr yn cyfathrebu \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamaniaeth<\/span> glasurol.<\/p><p>Trosglwyddwyd gwybodaeth shamanaidd yr Ewenki yn draddodiadol ar lafar, yn aml mewn llinach o fam i ferch neu o dad i fab. Torrodd gormes Sofietaidd y 1930au y llinachau hyn yn ddifrifol; llwyddodd G. M. Vasilevich i ddogfennu rhai o&#8217;r ymarferwyr olaf yn <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969).<\/p><p>Yn yr arfer heddiw mae&#8217;r cyfadeilad Buga&#8217;n profi adfywiad yn Rhanbarth Ymreolaethol Ewenki ac mewn rhai anheddau yng Ngweriniaeth Sacha. Mae ymarferwyr ifanc yn troi at gofnodion Shirokogoroff, achos nodedig lle mae ethnograffeg academaidd orllewinol yn dod yn ffynhonnell ar gyfer ail-ddyfeisio crefydd frodorol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol ac elfennau apotrop\u00e4ig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn \u00f4l disgrifiadau gwyddonol, roedd arferion apotropaig yn ymwneud yn bennaf \u00e2&#8217;r ysbrydion drwg <em>Khargi<\/em> (a elwir yn aml yn niwed &#8216;Buga-Tungus&#8217;, gan mai fel ochr dywyll Buga y&#8217;u hystyrir): llosgi rhai llysiau ar y goelcerth, gwisgo tlysau bach o esgyrn, gosod &#8216;ffigurau gwarcheidwad&#8217; cerfiedig (<em>seven<\/em>) wrth groesffyrdd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ffigurau <em>seven<\/em> ymhlith yr elfennau mwyaf nodweddiadol o ddiwylliant materol yr Ewenki. Doliau bach o bren cerfiedig ydynt gan amlaf, \u00e2 llygaid wedi&#8217;u gosod i mewn, a gaiff eu clymu wrth bolion cynnal, coed neu drothwyau. Ystyrid mai hwy oedd &#8216;trigfan&#8217; ysbrydion cynorthwyol llai, a weithredai ar ran y shaman.<\/p><p>Arfer arbennig yw&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn reolaidd o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span> <em>chura<\/em>: cyn mynd i le anghyfarwydd, teflir llond llaw o dybaco neu ddarn bach o arian i&#8217;r eira neu&#8217;r ddaear, gyda&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o ymbil \u00e2 neu alw ar dduwdod neu bwer.\" tabindex=\"0\">alwad<\/span> &#8216;Buga, gwna fi&#8217;n fach&#8217;. Mae&#8217;r ffurf hon o gwrteisi tuag at y bydysawd yn batrwm animistaidd clasurol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r syniad o Buga yn perthyn i&#8217;r <em>Num<\/em> Samojedaidd hen Siberiaidd ac yn gymharol yn deipolegol i&#8217;r <em>Tian<\/em> Tsieineaidd; mewn dau achos, mae&#8217;r nefoedd a&#8217;r duwdod uchel yn ymdoddi i un cysyniad. Ceir cyfochrogion swyddogaethol i dermau Polynesaidd <em>Mana<\/em>\/<em>Atua<\/em>, heb fod cysylltiad genetig.<\/p><p>Pwynt penodol yr Ewenciaid yw ymdoddiad \u201ebydysawd&#8221; a \u201eduw uchel&#8221; mewn un gair, sy&#8217;n mynd ymhellach na geirfa amlystyr Tengri. Yn ffenomenolegol grefyddol, mae Buga felly&#8217;n achos eithafol o ymdoddiad rhwng y niwminaidd a&#8217;r concrit.<\/p><p>Wrth gymharu \u00e2 Deheubarth Siberia, mae Buga yn debycaf i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengri-duw-nefoedd-tengriaid\/\">Tengri<\/a>, yn llai i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ulgen-duw-golau-altaiaid\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>, a gymerodd ffurf fwy personol yn barod. Mae&#8217;r gwahaniaeth hwn yn caniat\u00e1u damcaniaeth gronolegol-haenol: efallai bod Buga&#8217;n cynrychioli haen h\u0177n.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Derbyniad a Ymchwil Gyfoes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gweithiau clasurol: Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935); A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958); gwnaeth Mircea Eliade y shaman Tungus yn brototeip i&#8217;w fodel &#8216;shamaniaeth glasurol&#8217;. Mae Roberte Hamayon ac Andrei Znamenski wedi diwygio&#8217;r model hwn yn feirniadol yn ddiweddarach, gan bledio dros roi mwy o ystyriaeth i gategor\u00efau lleol yr Ewenki.<\/p><p>Cyflwynodd G. M. Vasilevich, ymchwilydd Sofietaidd, yn <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningrad 1969) y monograff Sofietaidd mwyaf helaeth ar grefydd yr Ewenki. Er gwaethaf ei liw ideolegol, erys yn gorpws deunydd hanfodol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dadleuon ymchwil a chwestiynau agored<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae tair cwestiwn ymchwil yn siapio&#8217;r drafodaeth am Buga. Yn gyntaf: A yw Buga&#8217;n cynrychioli haen cyn-tengristaidd, lle nad oedd \u201ebydysawd&#8221; a \u201eduw uchel&#8221; wedi eu gwahanu eto? Mae Anisimov a Shirokogoroff yn dadlau dros y darlleniad hwn; mae ymchwilwyr diweddarach (Hamayon) yn ffafrio golwg fwy perthynol i fodelau.<\/p><p>Yn ail: Sut mae arferion Ewenciaidd yn ymateb i ddamcaniaeth teulu ieithyddol Dene-Yenisaidd, sy&#8217;n awgrymu perthnasau rhwng rhai Ewenciaid a&#8217;r Athabasgiaid Gogledd America? Os yw&#8217;r ddamcaniaeth hon yn gywir, byddai crefydd Buga&#8217;n gorfod dangos canghennau cylchol-begynol.<\/p><p>Yn drydydd: Pa ddyfodol sydd i ddadeni Buga heddiw yn Rhanbarth Ewenciaidd, o gofio&#8217;r pwysau enfawr o fwyngloddio a chynhyrchu olew? Yma eto, mae hanes crefydd yn cydgysylltu \u00e2 materion ecolegol a gwleidyddol cyfoes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a r\u00f4l arloesol Shirokogoroff<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae haeddu ymdriniaeth arbennig ar r\u00f4l Sergei Shirokogoroff yn ymchwil Buga. Roedd Shirokogoroff (1887, 1939) yn ethnograffwr Rwsiaidd a aeth i alltudiaeth ar \u00f4l Chwyldro Hydref ac a ddysgodd yn Tsieina o 1922 ymlaen.<\/p><p>Mae ei brif waith <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (Shanghai 1935) yn un o&#8217;r llyfrau cyntaf sy&#8217;n ail-adeiladu system grefyddol anorllewinol yn systematig o safbwynt mewnol yr ymarferwyr.<\/p><p>Bathodd Shirokogoroff y term &#8216;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"System crefyddol lle mae arbenigwyr yn cyfathrebu \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamaniaeth<\/span>&#8216; fel term gwyddonol, yn seiliedig ar y gair Tungusaidd <em>\u0161aman<\/em>. Roedd y broses hon o greu term yn arwyddocaol yn wyddonol: gwnaeth gysyniad Tungusaidd lleol yn gategori cyffredinol. Mae Andrei Znamenski wedi olrhain y broses gyffredinoli hon yn feirniadol yn <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p><p>Mae perthynas ymchwil Buga heddiw \u00e2 Shirokogoroff yn un amwys: ar y naill law mae ei ddeunydd yn anhepgor, ar y llaw arall mae ei gysyniad o &#8216;ymdoddiad seicofeddyliol&#8217; yn cuddio rhagdybiaeth hanfodolaidd y mae ethnoleg grefyddol gyfoes yn ei chwestiynu&#8217;n feirniadol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffynonellau a chysylltiad \u00e2'r hyb diwylliannol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Os hoffai rhywun astudio cymhlethdod Buga yn ei ehangder, ceir ar y dudalen drosolwg <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">Traddodiad Tengr\u00efaidd Siberia<\/a> y cyfeiriadau croes pwysicaf at ffigyrau cysylltiedig fel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengri-duw-nefoedd-tengriaid\/\">Tengri<\/a> (cymhariaeth Dwrcaidd) a&#8217;r bodau golau <em>aiyy<\/em> Iacwtaidd.<\/p><p>Llyfr Sergei Shirokogoroff <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) yw&#8217;r ffynhonnell gynradd bwysicaf. <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> gan A. F. Anisimov (Moscow 1958) yw&#8217;r synthesis Sofietaidd pwysicaf. Mae <em>Ewenki<\/em> gan G. M. Vasilevich (Leningrad 1969) yn ychwanegu at y darlun \u00e2 deunydd sylweddol.<\/p><p>O ran y cyd-destun cylchdrofannol, cyfeirier at <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> gan Roberte Hamayon (1990) ac <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> gan Andrei Znamenski (Rhydychen 2007). Y ddwy waith hyn yw&#8217;r cywiriadau pwysicaf i&#8217;r model clasurol Eliade.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga ac ymgysegriad y siamaniaid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae r\u00f4l Buga yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad seremon\u00efol y trwyddo caiff rhywun ei dderbyn i statws neu gymuned newydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ymgysegriad<\/span> siamanaidd Ewenkiaidd yn deilwng o astudiaeth arbennig. Disgrifiodd Shirokogoroff yn <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) sawl ymgysegriad yn fanwl: arweinir y darpar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arbenigwr crefyddol a gredir sy'n cyfryngu rhwng pobl a byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">siaman<\/span> drwy gyfnod o &#8216;salwch siamanaidd&#8217; difrifol, sy&#8217;n cael ei ddehongli fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad seremon\u00efol y trwyddo caiff rhywun ei dderbyn i statws neu gymuned newydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ymgysegriad<\/span>, model clasurol a gyffredinolodd Eliade fel &#8216;marwolaeth ac atgyfodiad ymgysegriadol&#8217;.<\/p><p>Saif Buga yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad seremon\u00efol y trwyddo caiff rhywun ei dderbyn i statws neu gymuned newydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ymgysegriad<\/span> hwn fel comisiynwr uwch: mae&#8217;n anfon y salwch ymgysegriadol, mae&#8217;n &#8216;hollti&#8217; yr ymgeisydd, mae&#8217;n ei ddysgu i deithio ar hyd y tri lefel o fyd. Mae&#8217;r swyddogaeth hon, o safbwynt anthropoleg grefyddol, yn fodel y sail ar iddi adeiladwyd ymchwil ymgysegriad cylchdrofannol.<\/p><p>Mae Roberte Hamayon wedi diwygio&#8217;r model hwn yn feirniadol yn <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990): mae&#8217;n darllen yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad seremon\u00efol y trwyddo caiff rhywun ei dderbyn i statws neu gymuned newydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ymgysegriad<\/span> Ewenkiaidd yn llai fel &#8216;profiad mystig&#8217; ac yn fwy fel arfer negodi economaidd-gymdeithasol. Mae gan y ddau ddarlleniad eu haeddiant ac maent yn cydategu ei gilydd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Myfyrdod methodolegol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil ar Buga yn wynebu nifer o broblemau methodolegol. Yn gyntaf: mae gwaith arloesol Shirokogoroff yn drawiadol o ran dulliau, ond mae wedi cael ei siapio gan ei statws alltud a&#8217;i ragdybiaethau damcaniaethol. Mae Andrei Znamenski wedi olrhain y rhagdybiaethau hyn yn feirniadol.<\/p><p>Yn ail: mae&#8217;r ormes Sofietaidd yn y 1930au wedi difrodi&#8217;n ddifrifol y traddodiad siamanaidd Ewenkiaidd; yr ydym yn ei arsylwi heddiw yn ail-adeiladu ar sail testunau ethnograffig. Mae&#8217;r ail-adeiladu hwn yn haeddu ei astudiaeth genethodolegol grefyddol ei hun.<\/p><p>Yn drydydd: mae iaith yr Ewenkiaid mewn perygl heddiw; gyda hi mae&#8217;r mynediad uniongyrchol at eirfa a chysyniadau Buga yn diflannu. Daw diogelu iaith a chrefydd yn broblemau chwaer yma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a diogelwch iaith yr Ewenkiaid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn \u00f4l dosbarthiad UNESCO, mae iaith yr Ewenkiaid yn &#8216;mewn perygl&#8217;; heddiw ni erys ond ychydig filoedd o siaradwyr gweithredol, yn bennaf yn Ffederasiwn Rwsia ac yng Ngogledd Tsieina. Gyda&#8217;r iaith mae&#8217;r mynediad uniongyrchol at eirfa Buga a mireinio cain crefydd yr Ewenkiaid yn diflannu.<\/p><p>Mae sawl menter yn ceisio atal y colled hwn. Mae Academi Gwyddorau Rwsia (Sefydliad Ymchwil Iaith) a Phrifysgol Ulan-Ude yn rhedeg rhaglenni dogfennu; yng Ngweriniaeth Pobl Tsieina ceir ymgais debyg ar gyfer y teulu ieithoedd Manc\u0175-Tungusaidd.<\/p><p>Mae hyn yn berthnasol yn wyddonol gan fod crefydd ac iaith yn gymhleth gyd-gysylltiedig. Byddai colli&#8217;r gair Ewenkiaidd <em>buga<\/em> yn olygu colli cysyniad crefyddol penodol yn ogystal. Daw diogelu iaith a chrefydd yma yn brosiectau chwaer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a'r traddodiad Duw-uchel cylchdrofannol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae persbectif cymharol cylchdrofannol yn dangos Buga fel aelod o deulu ehangach o &#8216;dduwiau uchel y bydysawd&#8217;, sy&#8217;n ymestyn o Sgandinafia (Radien Sami) dros Siberia (Num Samoyedaidd, Buga Ewenkiaidd) hyd at Ogledd America (Manitou Algonquin, Sila Inuit). Ym mhob achos mae&#8217;r nefoedd, y bydysawd a&#8217;r duwdod uchel yn ymdoddi i un cysyniad.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r gangen gylchdrofannol hon yn destun ymchwil dwys. Cynigiodd Juha Pentik\u00e4inen drosolwg systematig yn <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998); ehangodd Mih\u00e1ly Hopp\u00e1l y gymhariaeth Hwngaraidd a Siberaidd yn <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (2007).<\/p><p>Pa un a yw&#8217;n fater o berthynas enetig (swbstrata palaeo-Siberaidd a ymledodd i bob cyfeiriad) neu gydgyfeiriad teipolegol (yr un swyddogaethau o dan yr un amodau ecolegol) sydd o hyd yn destun dadl. Mae Buga yn un o&#8217;r enghreifftiau sy&#8217;n cael y ddogfennu mwyaf cyfoethog.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga ac economi twndra'r Ewenkiaid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae crefydd yr Ewenkiaid yn gymhleth gyd-gysylltiedig ag economi twndra&#8217;r ceirw. Mae Buga yma yn Dduw uchel ac ar yr un pryd yn &#8216;berchennog&#8217; y ceirw; heb ei ganiat\u00e2d ni chaniateir hela unrhyw garw. Nid ffurf o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o gyfarch neu alw ar dduwdod neu b\u0175er mewn ymbil.\" tabindex=\"0\">ap\u00eal<\/span> yn unig yw galw ar Buga cyn hela, felly, ond arfer economaidd hefyd, ynghyd \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yr agwedd a'r arfer crefyddol byw a phrofiadol o berson.\" tabindex=\"0\">defosiwn<\/span>.<\/p><p>Disgrifiodd A. F. Anisimov y cydblethiad hwn yn fanwl yn <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958). Mae&#8217;n perthyn i draddodiad ehangach o anthropoleg grefyddol nad yw&#8217;n gweld crefydd ac economi fel meysydd gwahanol, ond fel proses fywyd integredig.<\/p><p>Yn Ffederasiwn Rwsia heddiw mae economi twndra&#8217;r Ewenkiaid mewn perygl aruthrol o fwyngloddio, echdynnu olew a newid hinsawdd. Gyda hi mae cymhlethdod Buga hefyd mewn perygl, maes ymchwil economeg-grefyddol o&#8217;r radd flaenaf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fe9c4aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fe9c4aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2067a37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2067a37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga rhwng y nefoedd, y byd a'r bod uchaf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dfd4645 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2dfd4645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ebe964b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ebe964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r term <em>Buga<\/em> yn perthyn i&#8217;r ieithoedd Tungusaidd, yn enwedig i&#8217;r Ewenkeg, ac ni ellir ei bennu&#8217;n glir i un ystyr sengl. Mae cofnodion ethnograffig yn cyfieithu&#8217;r gair weithiau fel &#8216;nef&#8217;, weithiau fel &#8216;byd&#8217; neu &#8216;ardal&#8217;, ac weithiau fel enw ar fod goruchaf a gysylltir \u00e2&#8217;r nef.<\/p><p>Nid gwall cyfieithu yw&#8217;r amrywiaeth ystyr hon, ond yn hytrach mae&#8217;n cyfeirio at gysyniad lle na feddyliwyd am y byd byw, ei ofod, a&#8217;r p\u0175er goruchaf sy&#8217;n gweithredu ynddo fel pethau hollol wah\u00e2n i&#8217;w gilydd.<\/p><p>Prin yw&#8217;r ffynonellau ar gyfer <em>Buga<\/em>, ac maent yn dyddio i raddau helaeth o&#8217;r 19eg a&#8217;r 20fed ganrif. Cofnododd ymchwilwyr Rwsiaidd a swyddogion gweinyddol, ac yn ddiweddarach ethnograffwyr Sofietaidd fel Sergei Shirokogorow, a ysgrifennodd waith sylfaenol ar y bobloedd Tungusaidd a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"System crefyddol lle mae arbenigwyr yn cyfathrebu \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamaniaeth<\/span>, ddarnau o&#8217;r syniadau crefyddol.<\/p><p>Fodd bynnag, pwysleisiodd Shirokogorow ei hun fod llawer o&#8217;r syniadau hyn eisoes wedi&#8217;u llurgunio gan gyswllt \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y farn ddysgedig a gydnabyddir yn uniongred.\" tabindex=\"0\">Uniongrededd<\/span> Rwsiaidd a chrefyddau cyfagos. Ni ellir echdynnu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw ac am gred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddiwinyddiaeth<\/span> Tungusaidd bur, ddigyffwrdd, o&#8217;r ffynonellau.<\/p><p>Ychwaneger at hyn fod yr Ewenki wedi byw ar wasgar dros diriogaeth enfawr o Ganol Siberia hyd at y M\u00f4r Tawel, ac wedi&#8217;u trefnu mewn grwpiau bach, symudol. Roedd amrywiadau lleol y syniadau&#8217;n fawr o ganlyniad, ac ni fu unrhyw sefydliad a fyddai wedi pennu dysgeidiaeth unedig.<\/p><p>Gallai&#8217;r hyn a ddeallwyd wrth <em>Buga<\/em> amrywio o gr\u0175p i gr\u0175p. Am hynny mae disgrifiadau difrifol yn nodweddu <em>Buga<\/em> fel term anodd ei ddal, a all olygu naill ai&#8217;r gofod byd eneidiedig neu fod goruchaf yn \u00f4l y cyd-destun, heb y gellir gwahanu&#8217;r ddau agwedd yn l\u00e2n o&#8217;i gilydd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935)<\/li><li>A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>G. M. Vasilevich: <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn \u00f4l y Twngwsiaid Ewenci, Buga yw arglwydd goruchaf y bydysawd, yn cwmpasu&#8217;r awyr, y ddaear a&#8217;r isfyd, ac fe&#8217;i gelwir mewn caneuon shamanaidd fel cefndir anweledig, hollbresennol i bopeth byw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termau allweddol cysylltiedig: Buga Ewenciaid Twngwsiaid Shirokogoroff Khargi seven Coeden y Bydoedd.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-buga-tungus\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a thraddodiadau amddiffyn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Mae iWell Guard yn parhau \u00e2&#8217;r traddodiad diwylliannol-hanesyddol o wrthrychau amddiffynnol cludadwy, yn draddodiad <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">Siberia \/ Tengriaeth<\/a> a llawer o ddiwylliannau eraill ar draws y byd. 41 haen, aur pur, platinwm, arian, wedi&#8217;i gynhyrchu yn yr Almaen. Hawl dychwelyd o 30 diwrnod.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Gall profiadau personol amrywio. Nid yw&#8217;n ddyfais feddygol. Ni roddir unrhyw addewid iach\u00e2d.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Nid <strong>cynnyrch meddygol<\/strong> yw iWell Guard ac nid yw'n disodli triniaeth feddygol na seicotherapiwtig. Mae'r cynnwys astudiaethau crefyddol yn ddosbarthiad diwylliannol-hanesyddol, nid yn argymhelliad ymarfer ysbrydol.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2862,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Buga Duw Uchel Ewenciaid Twngwsiaid","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Buga \u2013 Duw Uchel Twngwseg-Ewencaidd, Myth a Ffynonellau","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Buga yw Duw Uchel yr Ewenciaid Twngwseg, a gysylltir \u00e2'r nefoedd a'r bydysawd. 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