{"id":191535,"date":"2026-09-07T07:26:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191535"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"umai-duwies-mamau-phlant","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/umai-duwies-mamau-phlant\/","title":{"rendered":"Umai \u2013 Duwies Mamau a Phlant y Twrciaid"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191535\" class=\"elementor elementor-191535 elementor-2635 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai, Duwies Amddiffynnol Twrcig-Siberia y Mamau a'r Newydd-anedigion<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai yw duwies y mamau a&#8217;r plant yng nghylch crefyddol Twrcig-Siberia. Mae ei henw hefyd yn cyfeirio at y brych; mae&#8217;n amddiffyn menywod beichiog, babanod newydd-anedig a phlant bach, ac mae&#8217;n gwasanaethu shamaniaid a bydwragedd fel duwies gynorthwyol bersonol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwies traddodiad Siberia \/ Tengriaeth.\">Duwies<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytholeg traddodiad Siberia \/ Tengriaeth.\">Siberia \/ Tengriaeth<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwies amddiffynnol.\">Duwies Amddiffynnol<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193353\" alt=\"Umai - Duwiau o&apos;r traddodiad Sibiraidd-Tengr\u00efaidd, hanesyddol-ddarluniadol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ystyrir Umai yn dduwies amddiffynnol <strong>Twrcig-Siberia<\/strong> y plant ac yn gynorthwywraig geni. Mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwlt<\/span> wedi&#8217;i ddogfennu mewn ffynonellau Mongolaidd-Twrcig ers yr 8fed ganrif. Mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwlt<\/span> wedi&#8217;i ddogfennu mewn ffynonellau Mongolaidd-Twrcig ers yr 8fed ganrif.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad a Phroffil Byr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Umai (a elwir hefyd Omai, Omoj, Umaj, May-Ene) yn un o&#8217;r ychydig dduwiesau uchel benywaidd o&#8217;r Tengriaeth hanesyddol sydd wedi&#8217;u dogfennu&#8217;n glir eisoes cyn oes Islamaidd. Tra bod <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengri-duw-nefoedd-tengriaid\/\">Tengri<\/a>, fel duw&#8217;r nef pell, yn gwarantu&#8217;r drefn gefndirol, mae Umai yn nerth amddiffynnol penodol a chyfeillgar o fewn y cylch teuluol: mae&#8217;n gwylio dros enedigaeth, cwsg baban a&#8217;r flwyddyn gyntaf o fywyd.<\/p><p>Ceir tystiolaeth ohoni o&#8217;r arysgrifau Orchon Hen Dwrceg o&#8217;r 8fed ganrif (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar gyfrwng sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> Tonyukuk) hyd at ethnograffegau Iacwtaidd, Altaidd a Chacasaidd o&#8217;r 19eg a&#8217;r 20fed ganrif, ac ymlaen at adfywiadau modern yn Tuva a Kazakhstan. O fewn y cylch diwylliannol <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">Traddodiad Tengriaidd Siberaidd<\/a>, hi yw&#8217;r prif ffigwr mamol ac mae mewn tensiwn swyddogaethol \u00e2 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ajisit-duwies-genedigaeth-iacwtaidd\/\">Ajisit<\/a>, duwies enedigaeth yr Iacwtiaid.<\/p><p>Mae Umai o ddiddordeb arbennig i astudiaethau crefyddol am ei bod yn creu cysylltiad prin rhwng swyddogaeth famol gosmig haniaethol a swbstrad anatomegol pendant: mae&#8217;r term <em>umai<\/em> yn golygu&#8217;n llythrennol &#8220;y brych&#8221;. Wrth hynny mae darn o&#8217;r corff ei hun yn dod yn breswylfa i&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod a ystyrir yn ddwyfol o fewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">dduwdod<\/span>, sy&#8217;n atgoffa dyn o&#8217;r modd y trwythir realaidau anatomegol ag ystyr grefyddol mewn llawer diwylliant arall.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw ac Etymoleg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn Hen Dwrceg mae&#8217;r gair <em>umai<\/em> yn golygu ar yr un pryd &#8220;y brych&#8221; a &#8220;duwies amddiffynnol plant&#8221;. Mae&#8217;r ystyr ddwbl hon yn allweddol o safbwynt hanes crefydd: ystyrid y brych yn gyfochrog materol i&#8217;r amddiffyniad dwyfol, ac ni chaiff ei daflu ymaith wedi&#8217;r enedigaeth ond ei osod mewn man cysegredig (mewn coeden, o dan riniog, wrth yr aelwyd).<\/p><p>O ran ei darddiad, dosberthir y gair gan Gerard Clauson a Thwrcolegwyr eraill fel gair Hen Dwrceg, heb fenthyciad Iranaidd na Phalaeo-Siberaidd amlwg. Ymhlith yr Iacwtiaid a&#8217;r Buriatiaid gelwir hi&#8217;n <em>Ymaj<\/em> neu&#8217;n <em>Manzan Gormo<\/em> mewn r\u00f4l debyg o ran swyddogaeth.<\/p><p>Yn y ffynonellau Mongolaidd fe&#8217;i gelwir yn <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em>, &#8220;Mam Ddaear&#8221;, sy&#8217;n dynodi ymdoddiad rhannol \u00e2&#8217;r dduwies daear; yn yr ymdoddiad hwn daw Umai yn agos at <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yer-sub-ysbryd-daear-dwr\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>.<\/p><p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar gyfrwng sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk Tonyukuk (tua 720 O.C.) yn ei henwi ynghyd \u00e2 Tengri a Yer-Sub, gan dystio i&#8217;w r\u00f4l bwysig i&#8217;r wladwriaeth yng nghrefydd gynnar y Twrciaid. Mae ysgolheigion wedi darllen y fformwla dair-rhan hon o alw ar y duwiau fel triawd cosmolegol: nef, mam, daear-a-d\u0175r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad ac Eiconograffeg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Disgrifir Umai yn draddodiadol fel menyw ifanc \u00e2 phleth hir a thrysorau arian. Mae&#8217;n reidio ar aderyn gwyn (yn aml alarch), yn gwisgo mantell wedi&#8217;i brodio \u00e2 haul a lloer, ac yn cario bwa bach o aur, y mae&#8217;n gyrru ysbrydion niweidiol i ffwrdd o grud plant ag ef.<\/p><p>Ar drymau shamanaidd de Siberia, mae fel arfer yn sefyll yn yr hanner uchaf, yn agos i, ond islaw, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ulgen-duw-golau-altaiaid\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>Ym mhenynhwylio symbolaidd cartrefol, ei symbol yw pren y crud: tlysau bach cerfiedig ar ffurf aderyn neu fwa, a osodir ar y crud. Ystyrir hyd y crys cyntaf y baban newydd-anedig, a wnaed yn aml o grys y tad, fel &#8220;wisg Umai&#8221;. Mae casgliad ethnograffig Amgueddfa Rwsiaidd (Sant Petersburg) ac Amgueddfa Ethnograffig Ulan-Ude yn cynnwys nifer sylweddol o wrthrychau o&#8217;r fath.<\/p><p>Yn y symudiad Tengriaeth-adfywiedig Twfaidd a Chasachaidd modern, mae Umai wedi dod yn eicon diwylliannol; yn Astana, mae ei ffigwr yn addurno ffynnon. Mae&#8217;r eiconograffeg fodern hon yn tynnu ar ddisgrifiadau traddodiadol, ond, fel sy&#8217;n gyffredin mewn adfywiadau crefyddol, mae&#8217;n creu ffurf ddelweddol gyfunol nad oedd yn bodoli mewn ffordd gaeedig o&#8217;r fath yn y deunydd hanesyddol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chwedlau mytholegol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar gyfrwng sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> Tonyukuk (tua 720 O.C.) yn enwi Umai am y tro cyntaf ynghyd \u00e2 Tengri: &#8220;Mae Tengri, Umai a&#8217;r ddaear-a-d\u0175r sanctaidd wedi rhoi buddugoliaeth i ni.&#8221; Ymddengys Umai yma mewn triniaeth \u00e2 duw&#8217;r nef a&#8217;r nerth daear-a-d\u0175r lleol (gw. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yer-sub-ysbryd-daear-dwr\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>). Dadansoddodd Talat Tekin y darn hwn yn fanwl o ran gramadeg ac ystyr yn 1968.<\/p><p>Mae chwedl Altaidd, a gofnodwyd gan Wilhelm Radloff, yn disgrifio sut mae Umai yn cludo enaid baban newydd-anedig i lawr o&#8217;r nef mewn crud aur ac yn ei osod, gan anadlu, ym mynwes ei fam. Os bydd plentyn farw, &#8220;mae Umai yn cymryd ei grys yn \u00f4l&#8221;, ymadrodd sy&#8217;n mynegi gwrthdroadwyedd y rhodd ddwyfol heb briodoli bai.<\/p><p>Yn epigau Olonkho&#8217;r Iacwtiaid mae&#8217;n ymdoddi&#8217;n rhannol ag <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ajisit-duwies-genedigaeth-iacwtaidd\/\">Ajisit<\/a> ac yn ymddangos fel dygwraig yr enaid bywyd. Mae&#8217;r ymdoddiad hwn yn ddadlennol o safbwynt hanes crefydd: dengys sut y personolir swyddogaeth pan-Siberaidd mewn ffyrdd gwahanol o fewn pantheonau rhanbarthol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cwlt ac Addoliad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd o barchedigaeth grefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> Umai yn gysylltiedig&#8217;n agos \u00e2&#8217;r cartref. Y prif ddefodau oedd: g\u0175yl buredigaeth <em>nayan-ot<\/em>, dridiau ar \u00f4l y genedigaeth, pan fyddai&#8217;r fydwraig a&#8217;r fam yn cerdded trwy fwg meryw a resin llarwydd; &#8220;crogi&#8217;r bwa&#8221; uwchben y crud; a&#8217;r offrwm bwyd blynyddol (llaeth colfran, llaeth caseg, teisennau menyn) yng ng\u0175yl y gwanwyn.<\/p><p>Byddai&#8217;r shamaniaid yn galw ar Umai yn bennaf yn sesiynau iachau plant. Ystyrid hi&#8217;n rym hygyrch, heb awyrgylch dirgel, yn &#8220;dduwies agos&#8221; y gellid siarad \u00e2 hi&#8217;n uchel hyd yn oed yn y bywyd bob dydd. Heddiw mae&#8217;n dal i chwarae r\u00f4l yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y diwylliant gwerin traddodiadol o arferion, straeon a chaneuon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ll\u00ean gwerin<\/span> Tuva a Khakas fel ffigwr cyfeiriol ar gyfer cymorth geni a galaru am fabanod a fu farw.<\/p><p>Mae arsylwad cymdeithaseg-grefyddol Vladimir Basilov yn ganolog yma: mae Umai yn llenwi bwlch emosiynol a phroblemus nad yw&#8217;r pellennig Tengri yn gallu ei lenwi. Mae&#8217;r cydberthynas hwn yn un o nodweddion strwythurol pantheonau lluosradd sydd \u00e2 <em>deus otiosus<\/em> ar y brig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol ac elfennau apotrop\u00e4ig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O safbwynt academaidd (heb unrhyw addewid o effeithiolrwydd), roedd y cyfadeilad apotrop\u00e4ig ynghylch Umai yn cynnwys: crogi bw\u00e2u bach o bren neu ffigyrau adar uwchben y crud; cuddio&#8217;r brych mewn lle gl\u00e2n; osgoi synau uchel ac offer llym yn y 40 diwrnod cyntaf; a gwisgo &#8220;crys Umai&#8221; wedi&#8217;i wneud o ddefnydd brawd neu chwaer iach.<\/p><p>O safbwynt mewnol, roedd yr arferion hyn yn ymateb i&#8217;r pryder y gallai baban gael ei dynnu &#8220;&#8216;n \u00f4l i lawr&#8221; gan ysbrydion niweidiol fel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/buga-duw-uchel-ewenciaid\/\">ysbrydion niweidiol Khargi<\/a> neu gennadau <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/erlik-khan-rheolwr-byd-isaf-altai\/\">Erlik Khan<\/a>. O safbwynt allanol yr ethnograffeg, dyma ddefodau sy&#8217;n rhoi trefn i fywyd bob dydd, ac a roddai ffurf ddiwylliannol i farwolaethau babanod uchel.<\/p><p>Ceir y cyfnod gwarchodol 40 diwrnod ar \u00f4l y geni mewn llawer o grefyddau Ewrasiaidd (Cristnogaeth Uniongred, Iddewiaeth, Islam), sy&#8217;n awgrymu bod arferion sy&#8217;n canolbwyntio ar Umai yn rhan o gyfadeilad ehangach o ddefodau geni Ewrasiaidd, heb fod modd olrhain llinach hanesyddol uniongyrchol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffigyrau cymharol yn swyddogaethol yw: y Roegaidd Eileithyia a Hera Argeia; y Rufeinig Juno Lucina; y Slafaidd Mokosch; y Norseg Frigg yn ei r\u00f4l fel cynorthwywraig geni; ac yn Siberia ei hun <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ajisit-duwies-genedigaeth-iacwtaidd\/\">Ajisit<\/a> (y Iacwtiaid). Yn Tsieina mae Bixia Yuanjun, duwies enedigaeth y Tai-Shan, yn cyfateb iddi&#8217;n deipolegol, ac yn India Shashthi.<\/p><p>Dyma bwynt hanesyddol o bwys: mewn bron pob pantheon sydd \u00e2 duw&#8217;r nefoedd pellennig, ceir ffigwr benywaidd gwarchodol cyfochrog ar gyfer drama&#8217;r flwyddyn gyntaf o fywyd. Mae Umai yn cyflawni&#8217;r r\u00f4l hon yn y Tengriaeth mewn modd hynod gryno. O safbwynt ffenomenoleg grefyddol, mae&#8217;n esiampl textlyfr o&#8217;r gydberthynas rhwng <em>deus otiosus<\/em> uchod a ffigwr benywaidd gwarchodol &#8220;islaw&#8221; sydd yn agos ac ymroddedig.<\/p><p>Mae gan Umai nodwedd semantig arbennig yn gyffredin \u00e2&#8217;r dduwies Etrwsgaidd-Rufeinig Mater Matuta, y mae ei henw hithau hefyd yn deillio o swyddogaeth gorfforol (llaeth y fron \/ y wawr fel &#8220;golau&#8217;r fam&#8221;). Mae cyfochrogion o&#8217;r fath yn codi&#8217;n ffenomenolegol, heb fod angen unrhyw gyswllt hanesyddol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Derbyniad a Ymchwil Gyfoes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn fersiynau gweriniaeth fodern y Tengriaeth (Tuva, Khakassia, Kazakhstan), daeth Umai yn ffigwr adnabod diwylliannol; yn Astana mae&#8217;n addurno ffynnon dref ar ffurf cerflun. Yn academaidd, mae&#8217;n destun gwaith Vladimir Basilov, Igor Stebleva a&#8217;r Tyrcolegwraig Ffinnaidd Marja-Liisa Sergejeva.<\/p><p>Mae un llinyn ymchwil pwysig yn archwilio&#8217;r bont ieithyddol a swyddogaethol rhwng <em>umai<\/em> = y brych a <em>umai<\/em> = duwdod warchodol, fel esiampl o sut mae crefyddoldeb yn crisialu o brofiadau corfforol materol. Mae&#8217;r ymchwil hwn mewn deialog \u00e2&#8217;r ymchwil gymharol i eni a marwolaeth gan Robert Hertz ac Arnold van Gennep.<\/p><p>Mae Marja-Liisa Sergejeva wedi dangos yn ei gwaith Studies in Turkic Folk Religion (Helsinki, 2006) fod arferion Umai byw heddiw yn Tuva yn dangos parhad rhyfeddol \u00e2 chofnodion ethnograffig Radloff o 1860, canlyniad prin i grefydd Siberiaidd ar \u00f4l cyfnod gorthrwm Sofietaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dadleuon ymchwil a chwestiynau agored<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae dau ddadl fethodolegol yn nodweddu ymchwil Umai. Yn gyntaf: i ba raddau y mae&#8217;r cyswllt agos rhwng y brych a&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod a berchir fel duwiol mewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">dduwdod<\/span> yn ffenomen wreiddiol Twrcig-Altaig, neu a yw&#8217;n adlewyrchu sacrol\u00efeiddio anatomegol cyffredinol y gwelwn hefyd gan yr Aymara, yn Ne India ac yng nghyfadeilad Yoruba Gorllewin Affrica?<\/p><p>Yn ail: a ellir uniaethu Umai hen Dwrcig arysgrifau Orchon ag Umai Altaig y 19eg ganrif, neu a yw&#8217;r gair yn cyfeirio at ffigyrau swyddogaethol gwahanol yn wahanol gyfnodau? Mae Sergei Neklyudov, yn <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em> (Moscow 1992), wedi dadlau dros barhad unffurf; mae ymchwil mwy diweddar yn galw am fwy o amheuaeth.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r maes ymchwil agored hwn yn gwneud Umai yn destun ymchwil diolchgar ar gyfer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddoniaeth sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol ac heb ymrwymiad i ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">astudiaethau crefyddol<\/span> cymharol, sy&#8217;n ystyried yn ddifrifol nid yn unig y duwiau ond hefyd eu gwreiddiau corfforol-materol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perthynas ag Umai yn yr ymchwil fodern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae ymchwil ar Umai wedi datblygu&#8217;n fethodolegol gymhleth iawn dros y ddau ddegawd diwethaf. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddoniaeth sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol ac heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwyddor grefydd<\/span> sy&#8217;n canolbwyntio ar rywedd (er enghraifft gan Karen Pechilis Prentiss neu&#8217;r Twrcolegydd Ffinnaidd Hilkka Bergroth) yn darllen Umai fwyfwy fel prif ffigwr benywaidd, y tu hwnt i r\u00f4l y \u201edduwies enedigaeth\u201c yn unig, ffigwr y mae ei statws yn aml wedi cael ei guddio gan y pwyslais amlwg ar ymchwil Tengri.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ail-ddarlleniad hwn yn rhan o duedd ehangach i ail-werthfawrogi duwiesau benywaidd crefyddau Altaig ac Wraleg.<\/p><p>Mae ail gyfeiriad ymchwil yn cysylltu Umai ag astudio crefydd faterol: darllenir yr arferion planta (gosod, claddu, hongian) fel man cyfarfod rhwng anatomeg a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr yn ei le.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. Yma mae&#8217;r ymchwil yn adeiladu ar waith Mary Douglas <em>Reinheit und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/em> (1966) ac ar astudiaethau Robert Hertz ar y llaw \u201edde\u201c a&#8217;r llaw \u201echwith\u201c.<\/p><p>Yn drydydd, dangosodd ymchwil ar y diaspora yng Nghazakstan a Thwrci fod arferion Umai yn parhau i gael eu trosglwyddo hyd yn oed mewn cyd-destunau dosbarth canol trefol, yn aml fel \u201etraddodiad diwylliannol\u201c heb bwyslais crefyddol amlwg. Mae&#8217;r seciwlareiddio-ynghyd-a-pharhad hwn yn batrwm cymdeithasegol-grefyddol clasurol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffynonellau a chysylltiad \u00e2'r hyb diwylliannol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I&#8217;r sawl a fynn astudio cyfadeiladwaith Umai yn ei lawnder, ceir ar y dudalen drosolwg <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">Traddodiad Tengriaidd Siberaidd<\/a> y prif gyfeiriadau croes at ffigyrau amddiffynnol cysylltiedig fel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ajisit-duwies-genedigaeth-iacwtaidd\/\">Ajisit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ulgen-duw-golau-altaiaid\/\">\u00dclgen<\/a> a&#8217;r nerth daearol <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yer-sub-ysbryd-daear-dwr\/\">Yer-Sub<\/a>. Erys darllen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar gyfrwng sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> Tonyukuk yn argraffiad safonol Talat Tekin (1968) yn fan cychwyn naturiol i&#8217;r haen Hen Dwrceg.<\/p><p>Ar gyfer yr haen ethnograffig o&#8217;r 19eg\/20fed ganrif, mae <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme<\/em> Wilhelm Radloff (o 1866 ymlaen) a <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> Vladimir Basilov (1984) yn weithiau safonol. Mae astudiaethau mwy diweddar yn cynnwys <em>Studies in Turkic Folk Religion<\/em> Marja-Liisa Sergejeva (Helsinki 2006) a chofnodion ethnograffig Academi Gwyddorau Gweriniaeth Tuva.<\/p><p>O safbwynt ffenomenoleg crefyddol, erys llyfr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"System grefyddol lle mae arbenigwyr yn cyfathrebu \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shamaniaeth<\/span> Mircea Eliade (1951) yn fan cychwyn ffrwythlon, er nad yw ei ddehongliad bellach yn cael ei dderbyn yn ddigwestiwn. Mae beirniadaeth ddiweddarach Roberte Hamayon (1990) yn ychwanegu at y darlun a dylid ei ddarllen ochr yn ochr ag ef.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dyfnder ffenomenolegol y grefydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O safbwynt ffenomenoleg crefyddol, mae Umai yn esiampl glasurol o&#8217;r hyn a eilw Mircea Eliade yn &#8220;hierophani&#8217;r cychwyn&#8221;: codir genedigaeth person yn ddigwyddiad cosmig lle mae&#8217;r ffiniau rhwng y nef a&#8217;r ddaear, y gweladwy a&#8217;r anweladwy, yn dod yn dreiddiadwy. Yn y cyfnod hwn mae Umai yn bresennol yn gyfansoddiadol.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant rheoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag ystyr grefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> y crud (canu nosol, siglo, gosod edafedd amddiffynnol) hefyd yn perthyn i ddosbarth eang o &#8220;ddefodau derbyn&#8221; mewn anthropoleg grefyddol, a ddisgrifiwyd yn systematig gan y ll\u00ean-gwerinwr Ffrengig Arnold van Gennep yn <em>Les rites de passage<\/em> (1909).<\/p><p>O&#8217;i chymharu \u00e2 duwiesau mamol Siberaidd eraill, mae Umai yn nodedig am ei chysylltiad arbennig \u00e2&#8217;r maes gwleidyddol, saif yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar gyfrwng sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> Tonyukuk rhwng Tengri a Yer-Sub, hynny yw ar lefel nerth pwysig i&#8217;r wladwriaeth. Nid yw&#8217;r lefel wleidyddol uchel hon yn beth naturiol o safbwynt hanes crefydd i dduwies famol amddiffynnol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Myfyrdod methodolegol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae gweithio gyda ffynonellau Umai yn codi nifer o broblemau methodolegol. Yn gyntaf: y ffynonellau hynaf yw fformwl\u00e2u galw byr yn arysgrifau&#8217;r K\u00f6kt\u00fcrk; nid yw&#8217;r disgrifiadau ethnograffig manwl yn dod i&#8217;r golwg tan y 19eg\/20fed ganrif. Nid yw uniaethu&#8217;r ddwy haen hyn yn uniongyrchol yn dilyn o reidrwydd yn ddiogel.<\/p><p>Yn ail: yn aml mae ethnograffeg Rwsiaidd a Sofietaidd wedi uniaethu Umai \u00e2&#8217;r \u201edduwies fam\u201c mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddoniaeth sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol ac heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwyddor grefydd<\/span> gymharol, sy&#8217;n awgrymu darlleniad cyffredinolaidd nad yw&#8217;r deunydd ei hun yn ei gefnogi bob amser. Mae angen gofal ffenomenolegol crefyddol yma.<\/p><p>Yn drydydd: mae&#8217;r mudiad Umai cyfoes yn Tuva a Chazakstan yn cynrychioli hunan-gynrychiolaeth sy&#8217;n cysylltu \u00e2 ffynonellau traddodiadol ond sy&#8217;n adeiladwaith modern ynddo&#8217;i hun. Mae angen ethnoleg grefyddol fyfyriol yma, fel y galwodd Andrei Znamenski amdani yn <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai a'r safbwynt cymharol cylchdroadol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae safbwynt cymharol cylchdroadol yn dangos bod Umai yn perthyn i deulu eang o dduwiesau amddiffynnol genedigaeth fenywaidd sy&#8217;n ymestyn o Sgandinafia dros Siberia i Ogledd America. Mae Akka Ffinnaidd, Maderakka draddodiad y Sami, Umai Hen Dwrceg, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ajisit-duwies-genedigaeth-iacwtaidd\/\">Ajisit<\/a> Iacwtaidd, ac yn y diwedd \u201eduwiesau mam-aeron\u201c Gogledd America ymhlith yr Athabascaniaid, yn perthyn yn agos yn swyddogaethol.<\/p><p>Disgrifiodd Juha Pentik\u00e4inen y frigiant cylchdroadol hwn yn drylwyr yn <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998). Nid yw&#8217;n glir eto ai perthynas enetig neu gydgyfeiriad teipolegol sydd yma, mae dadleuon da ar gyfer y ddwy ragdybiaeth.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cyd-destun cymharol hwn yn gwneud Umai yn wyddonol berthnasol y tu hwnt i&#8217;r deunydd Hen Dwrceg-Sibiraidd. Mae&#8217;n ganolog i draddodiad ymchwil sy&#8217;n ymwneud \u00e2&#8217;r cwestiwn sut mae swyddogaethau crefyddol tebyg yn codi dan amodau ecolegol ac economaidd tebyg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d4e6282 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d4e6282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba9a041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba9a041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai yn draddodiad arysgrifiadol Hen Dwrceg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21759807 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21759807\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d0f456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26d0f456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r enw <em>Umai<\/em> yn hysbys eisoes o&#8217;r testunau hynaf y gellir eu dyddio yn iaith Twrcig: yr arysgrifau rhwnig Orchon-Twrcig o&#8217;r 8fed ganrif o Fongolia, ymhell cyn unrhyw ethnograffiaeth fodern.<\/p><p>Yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun a naddwyd neu a gerfiwyd mewn cyfrwng caled.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> Tonjukuk ac yng nghyd-destun cofebau&#8217;r ail Kaganat Twrcig, ymddengys <em>Umai<\/em> mewn cysylltiad sefydlog, lle mae llwyddiant a diogelwch person, yn aml gwraig o statws uchel neu blentyn, yn cael eu priodoli i weithred y nef (<em>Tengri<\/em>) ac Umai.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r dystiolaeth gynnar hon o bwys hanesyddol mawr. Dengys nad dyfais ffolklorig fodern yw&#8217;r syniad o rym benywaidd amddiffynnol sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2 genedigaeth, epil a llewyrch plant, ond fod ei wreiddiau&#8217;n mynd yn \u00f4l o leiaf i&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol cynnar.<\/p><p>Dengys hefyd fod Umai eisoes bryd hynny yn cael ei ystyried mewn perthynas gl\u00f2s \u00e2 duw&#8217;r nef, mewn math o drefn is-uwch, lle mae Tengri yn ymgorffori&#8217;r Uchod ehangder a Umai yr agos, yr amddiffynnol.<\/p><p>Cafodd yr arysgrifau rhwnig-Twrcig eu datgloi o ddiwedd y 19eg ganrif ymlaen, yn bennaf gan Vilhelm Thomsen, a ddadgodiodd y sgript ym 1893, a chan Wilhelm Radloff. Fodd bynnag, mae prinder y dystiolaeth yn golygu na wyddom braidd ddim am fanylion cwlt Umai yn y Kaganat. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun a naddwyd neu a gerfiwyd mewn cyfrwng caled.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> yn rhoi enw a swyddogaeth, ond dim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> a dim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant rheoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">rhefel<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b28eec4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b28eec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c2cb55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26c2cb55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hanes y gair: Umai rhwng y brych a'r grym amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c542e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20c542e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21bb0935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21bb0935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nodwedd ieithyddol arbennig Umai yw bod yr un ffurf lafarol, neu ffurf debyg iawn, yn cyfeirio ar unwaith at wrthrych diriaethol ac at enw duwies mewn amryw ieithoedd Twrcig. Yn nifer o ieithoedd Twrcig, mae <em>umai<\/em> neu ffurf debyg yn sain yn golygu&#8217;r brych, y geneni, ac ambell waith y groth neu&#8217;r bilen dd\u0175r.<\/p><p>Nid damwain yw&#8217;r dyblu hwn, ond yn hytrach yr allwedd i&#8217;w ddeall. Mae&#8217;r grym amddiffynnol sy&#8217;n gwylio dros y newydd-anedig a&#8217;r organ sy&#8217;n gorchuddio a maethu&#8217;r plentyn heb eni yn dwyn yr un enw, gan y credid iddynt fod yn ddwy wedd ar yr un peth.<\/p><p>Mewn rhai arferion a gofnodwyd yn ethnograffig, trinnid y brych yn ofalus, a&#8217;i gadw mewn lle diogel neu ei gladdu, yn hytrach na&#8217;i waredu&#8217;n ddifeddwl, gan y tybid bod ei dynged ynghlwm \u00e2 thynged y plentyn.<\/p><p>Mae hefyd hen gynnig i gysylltu&#8217;r enw \u00e2&#8217;r Hen Indiaidd <em>Um\u0101<\/em>, un o deitlau&#8217;r dduwies Parvati. Mae&#8217;r cynnig hwn yn ddadleuol yn y llenyddiaeth academaidd, ac fe&#8217;i gwrthodir gan lawer o Dyrcolegwyr fel un heb sail seinegol na hanesyddol ddigonol; dylid ei grybwyll yn unig fel hen ddyfaliad ansicr. Y llinyn cadarnaf sy&#8217;n aros yw&#8217;r llinyn Twrcig mewnol: Umai fel personoliad grym amddiffynnol, y daw ei enw o faes genedigaeth a geneni. Ar gyfer y cysyniad nefol cysylltiedig, gweler <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengri-duw-nefoedd-tengriaid\/\">Tengri<\/a>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme S\u00fcd-Sibiriens<\/em> (1866ff.)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ystyrir Umai yn hanes crefyddol Twrcig-Siberia fel duwies amddiffynnol y <strong>mamau<\/strong> a&#8217;r newydd-anedig. Ymhlith Twrciaid Altai, Chacasiaid a Twfiaid, gelwid arni&#8217;n arbennig yn ystod cyfnod y geni a&#8217;r gwely esgor; mae ei henw yn yr hen Dwrceg yn cyfeirio hefyd at y brych, ac felly&#8217;n dynodi&#8217;r cwlwm agos rhwng y trothwy cyn geni a&#8217;r bywyd newydd.<\/p><p>Mae cofnodion ethnograffig o&#8217;r 19eg ganrif a dechrau&#8217;r 20fed ganrif yn disgrifio offrymau, defodau crud a swynion amddiffynnol a ddefnyddiai mamau i ddodi eu plant o dan nawdd Umai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termau cysylltiedig: Umai brych Tonyukuk crud amddiffyniad babanod Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-umai\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a thraddodiadau amddiffyn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Mae iWell Guard yn parhau \u00e2&#8217;r traddodiad diwylliannol-hanesyddol o wrthrychau amddiffynnol cludadwy, yn draddodiad <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shamaniaeth-siberia-tengriaeth\/\">Siberia \/ Tengriaeth<\/a> a llawer o ddiwylliannau eraill ar draws y byd. 41 haen, aur pur, platinwm, arian, wedi&#8217;i gynhyrchu yn yr Almaen. Hawl dychwelyd o 30 diwrnod.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Gall profiadau personol amrywio. Nid yw&#8217;n ddyfais feddygol. Ni roddir unrhyw addewid iach\u00e2d.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Nid <strong>cynnyrch meddygol<\/strong> yw iWell Guard ac nid yw'n disodli triniaeth feddygol na seicotherapiwtig. 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