{"id":191469,"date":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191469"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/","title":{"rendered":"Phoeniciaid a Cartago \u2013 Baal, Tanit a&#8217;r Traddodiad Amddiffynnol"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191469\" class=\"elementor elementor-191469 elementor-2569 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Duwiau Phoeniciaidd, Baal, Astarte a Panth\u00ebon Cartago<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd y Phoeniciaid, trigolion arfordir dwyreiniol M\u00f4r y Canoldir (heddiw Libanus, gogledd Israel, Syria) o&#8217;r hen 2il mileniwm CC ymlaen, yn forwyr a masnachwyr mawr yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groegaidd a Rhufeinig, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">hen fyd<\/span>. Lledaenodd eu gwladfeydd, yn bennaf Cartago (a sefydlwyd yn 814 CC), Gades a Cartago Newydd, grefydd Phoeniciaidd ar draws M\u00f4r y Canoldir cyfan.<\/p><p>Roedd Baal, Astarte, Melqart a Tanit yn ganolog i gwlt a oedd yn cydio llongau, dinas a brenhiniaeth ynghyd.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Fe drosglwyddwyd panth\u00ebon y Phoeniciaid yn bennaf trwy gwltiau lleol a gwladfeydd fel Cartago.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193367\" alt=\"Baal Hadad - Duwiau o&apos;r Traddodiad Ffenicaidd, arddull hanesyddol-ddarluniadol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phoenicia, Dinasoedd a Gwladfeydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd dinas-wladwriaethau&#8217;r Phoeniciaid, Tyros, Sidon, Byblos, Arwad, Berytus, yn frenhiniaethau ar y cyfan annibynnol a oedd yn gysylltiedig \u00e2&#8217;i gilydd trwy iaith gyffredin (Ffenigaidd Canaanaidd, semitig) a diwylliant. Roeddent yn ymgymryd \u00e2 masnach forwrol, llifo (piws), gwneud gwydr, a masnach coed a metel.<\/p><p>Sefydlwyd eu gwladfeydd, Cartago, Utica, Motya, Tharros, Gades, rhwng y 9fed a&#8217;r 7fed ganrif CC. Datblygodd Cartago i fod yn ymerodraeth fawr a wrthdarodd \u00e2 Rhufain yn y Rhyfeloedd Pwnig, ac a gwympodd yn 146 CC.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Panth\u00ebon Cartago, wedi&#8217;i lywio gan y diaspora Libyaidd-Pwnig, sy&#8217;n rhoi pwys arbennig ar Baal Hammon a Tanit, ac a ystyrir fel y ffurf fwyaf dylanwadol ar nefoedd dduwiau&#8217;r Phoeniciaid yng ngorllewin M\u00f4r y Canoldir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Panth\u00ebon, Baal, Astarte, Melqart, Eshmun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid un duw sengl yw Baal (sef &#8220;Arglwydd&#8221; yn wreiddiol) ond teitl: Baal Shamim (nefoedd), Baal Hadad (tywydd), Baal Hammon (Cartago), Baal Melqart (Tyros). Astarte yw&#8217;r dduwies bwysicaf, cariad, ffrwythlondeb, rhyfel, gyda&#8217;i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> ei hun yn Sidon ac Aphaka.<\/p><p>Melqart (sef Milk-Qart yn wreiddiol, &#8220;Brenin y Ddinas&#8221;) yw duw amddiffynnol Tyros, ac ynghlwm ag ef mae rhyfel adfywio&#8217;r gwanwyn. Eshmun yn Sidon yw duw iach\u00e2d, a&#8217;i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd a neilltuwyd i addoli duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> ger Bostan e\u0161-\u0160\u0113h yn nod pererindod mawr. Yng Nghartago daw Tanit i&#8217;r amlwg fel &#8220;Wyneb Baal&#8221;, yn gyfartal wrth ochr Baal Hammon.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Yng ngorllewin M\u00f4r y Canoldir, Cartago yn arbennig a luniodd ddarlun nefoedd dduwiau&#8217;r Phoeniciaid: gosododd y diaspora Libyaidd-Pwnig Baal Hammon a Tanit yng nghanol eu cwlt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit, Baal Hammon a'r Tophet<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yng Nghartago daeth Tanit (Tanit Pene Baal) i fod y dduwies uchaf. Roedd ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, ffigwr benywaidd wedi&#8217;i stylio \u00e2 breichiau wedi&#8217;u codi, corff triongl, pen crwn, yn addurno stel\u00e2u, mos\u00e4igau a thlysau symudol.<\/p><p>Mae safleoedd Tophet Cartago, Motya a gwladfeydd Pwnig eraill yn fynwentydd i fabanod a phlant bach ag arysgrifau sy&#8217;n tystio i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i ddangos diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberthau<\/span> i Tanit a Baal Hammon. Mae&#8217;r cwestiwn a oedd aberthu plant (mlk) yn cael ei ymarfer mewn gwirionedd, ynteu a oedd y stel\u00e2u&#8217;n coff\u00e1u plant a fu farw, yn destun dadl ymhlith ysgolheigion crefydd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytholeg, Testunau Ugarit fel Allwedd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dim ond yn ddarniog y trosglwyddwyd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> y Phoeniciaid (Philo o Byblos, dyfyniadau Eusebiaidd). Y ffynhonnell allweddol yw Ugarit sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig yn agos (Ras Shamra, 14eg ganrif CC), lle mae tabledi clai wedi&#8217;u darganfod yn trosglwyddo Cylch Baal: brwydr Baal yn erbyn y duw m\u00f4r Yam, yn erbyn duw marwolaeth Mot, ei farwolaeth a&#8217;i atgyfodiad.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r chwedlau hyn yn llywio cefndir meddyliol y Beibl Hebraeg (lle mae Baal yn ymddangos fel gwrthwynebydd i JHWH) a chwedlau diweddarach Adonis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwrthrychau Amddiffynnol, Llygaid, Dwylo, Symbol Tanit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd y Phoeniciaid a&#8217;r Cartagoaid yn feistri ar wneud gwydr manwl a gwaith gof aur, gan gynhyrchu tlysau amddiffynnol mewn amrywiaeth eang: talismaniau llygad (rhagflaenwyr y Nazar-Boncuk cyfoes), amwletau llaw (rhagflaenwyr y Hamsa), tlysau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Tanit, sgarabau (dan ddylanwad Eifftaidd), ffigurynnau Bes (a fewnforiwyd hwythau o&#8217;r Aifft), tlysau lloer-gilgant (lunulae). Mae cyrhaeddiad trawsddiwylliannol gwrthrychau amddiffynnol Phoeniciaidd yn enfawr, o Sbaen i Mesopotamia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-phoenizisch-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-phoenizisch-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-phoenizisch-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-phoenizisch-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cwestiynau Cyffredin am Dduwiau'r Phoeniciaid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-phoenizisch-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-phoenizisch-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Faint dduwiau Ffenicaidd sydd yna?<\/h3>\n<p>Mae tua 30-40 o dduwiau \u00e2 enwau&#8217;n hysbys o ffynonellau Ffenicaidd-Canaanaidd, wedi&#8217;u dogfennu orau gan destunau Wgarit (13eg ganrif CC) a chyfeiriadau beiblaidd. Y prif dduwiau yw El (Tad), Baal (Mab y Taranau), Aschera (Mam), Astarte\/Anat (Cariad\/Rhyfel), Melkart (Duw&#8217;r Ddinas Frenhinol), Eshmun (Iach\u00e2d), Yamm (Anhrefn y M\u00f4r), Mot (Marwolaeth).<\/p>\n<h3>Pwy yw Baal yn y Beibl?<\/h3>\n<p>Yn y Beibl Hebraeg, Baal yw prif elyn Iafe, ac mae&#8217;r proffwydi Israelaidd yn brwydro yn erbyn ei addoliad. Y digwyddiad enwocaf yw&#8217;r ornest ar Fynydd Carmel (1 Brenhinoedd 18), lle mae Elias yn trechu 450 o offeiriaid Baal. Yn y Testament Newydd daeth Beelzebub (Baal-Zebul) yn gyfystyr \u00e2&#8217;r diafol.<\/p>\n<h3>Pwy oedd y Ffeniciaid?<\/h3>\n<p>Pobl forwrol Semitaidd o ddwyrain M\u00f4r y Canoldir oedd y Ffeniciaid (Libanus, Syria a glannau Israel heddiw), gyda dinas-wladwriaethau fel Tyrus, Sidon a Byblos. Fe wnaethant sefydlu Carthag (yn Tunisia heddiw, 814 CC), a dyfodd yn ymerodraeth F\u00f4r y Canoldir hyd nes iddi gael ei dinistrio gan Rufain yn 146 CC. Nhw a ddyfeisiodd yr wyddor Ffenicaidd, sail yr wyddorau Groeg, Lladin, Hebraeg ac Arabeg.<\/p>\n<h3>Beth yw&#8217;r Tophet?<\/h3>\n<p>Cysegrleoedd Ffenicaidd-Carthagaidd oedd Tophet (o&#8217;r Hebraeg am ddrwm), lle aberthwyd plant, yn bennaf mewn defodau molk i Baal Hammon. Mae darganfyddiadau archaeolegol o Garthag, Sardinia a Sisili yn dangos degau o filoedd o wrnau babanod. Mae&#8217;r arfer yn destun dadlau mewn astudiaethau crefyddol, gan fod rhai&#8217;n gweld marwolaethau babanod naturiol ac eraill yn gweld <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberthau<\/span> gwirioneddol. Mae&#8217;r Beibl Hebraeg yn condemnio&#8217;r arfer (Lefiticus 18:21) ac yn enwi Dyffryn Hinnom yn Jerwsalem fel Tophet.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wie viele ph\u00f6nizische G\u00f6tter gibt es?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Etwa 30-40 namentliche G\u00f6tter sind aus ph\u00f6nizisch-kanaan\u00e4ischen Quellen bekannt, am besten dokumentiert durch die Ugarit-Texte (13. Jh. v. Chr.) und biblische Erw\u00e4hnungen. Hauptg\u00f6tter sind El (Vater), Baal (Donner-Sohn), Aschera (Mutter), Astarte\/Anat (Liebe\/Krieg), Melkart (K\u00f6nig-Stadtgott), Eshmun (Heilung), Yamm (Meer-Chaos), Mot (Tod).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer ist Baal in der Bibel?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Baal ist in der hebr\u00e4ischen Bibel der Hauptgegner Jahwes, die israelitischen Propheten k\u00e4mpfen gegen seine Verehrung. Das ber\u00fchmteste Ereignis ist der Wettstreit auf dem Berg Karmel (1. K\u00f6nige 18), wo Elia 450 Baal-Priester besiegt. Im Neuen Testament wurde Beelzebub (Baal-Zebul) zum Synonym f\u00fcr den Teufel.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Wer waren die Ph\u00f6nizier?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Die Ph\u00f6nizier waren ein semitisches Seefahrer-Volk des \u00f6stlichen Mittelmeers (heute Libanon, Syrien, Israel-K\u00fcste), Stadtstaaten Tyros, Sidon, Byblos. Sie gr\u00fcndeten Karthago (im heutigen Tunesien, 814 v. Chr.), das zu einem mediterranen Reich aufstieg, bis es 146 v. Chr. von Rom zerst\u00f6rt wurde. Erfinder des ph\u00f6nizischen Alphabets, Vorlage des griechischen, lateinischen, hebr\u00e4ischen und arabischen Alphabets.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Was ist der Tophet?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tophet (hebr. Trommel) waren ph\u00f6nizisch-karthagische Heiligt\u00fcmer, in denen Kinder geopfert wurden, vor allem als Molk-Riten an Baal Hammon. Arch\u00e4ologische Funde aus Karthago, Sardinien und Sizilien zeigen zehntausende S\u00e4uglings-Urnen. Die Praxis ist wissenschaftlich umstritten, manche sehen Kindersterblichkeit, andere echte Opfer. Die hebr\u00e4ische Bibel verurteilt die Praxis (Levitikus 18,21) und nennt das Hinnom-Tal Jerusalem als Tophet.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosglwyddiadau, Pwnig, Neo-Pwnig, Cristnogaeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ar \u00f4l 146 CC, parhaodd yr iaith a chrefydd Bwnig i fodoli yn nhaleithiau Rhufeinig Affrica a Hispania (arysgrifau hyd y 5ed ganrif). Roedd addoliad Saturn yng ngogledd Affrica Rufeinig yn barh\u00e2d o gwlt Baal Hammon. Roedd Awstin o Hippo (354, 430), a gafodd ei feithrin yng ngogledd Affrica, yn dal i adnabod traddodiad Pwnig yn bersonol. Mae gan draddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu fformiwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> M\u00f4r Canoldir (defixiones, hudoliaeth gariad a niwed) wreiddiau Pwnig cryf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y ffynonellau a'r ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Testunau gwreiddiol Ffenicaidd sy&#8217;n arysgrifau byrion, y pwysicaf yw Arch Ahirom (Byblos), Llechi Pyrgi (yn Etruria, teirieithog), colofnau o Garthago. Gweithiau modern pwysig: Sabatino Moscati <em>The Phoenicians<\/em>, Maria Eugenia Aubet <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em>, Glenn Markoe. Agweddau crefyddol gan Corinne Bonnet, Paolo Xella.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp291034c7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp291034c7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp266d058f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp266d058f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y dinas-daleithiau a'u duwiau dinesig eu hunain<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp242aeac8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp242aeac8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22b444d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp22b444d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ni ellir disgrifio crefydd y Ffeniciaid fel un system unedig, gan na ffurfiodd y Ffeniciaid erioed un wladwriaeth unedig. Roeddent yn eu trefnu eu hunain mewn dinas-wladwriaethau annibynnol ar arfordir y Lefant, yn arbennig Byblos, Sidon, Tyrus ac Arados. Roedd gan bob dinas ei chytser duwiau ei hun, gydag, yn aml, b\u00e2r o dduwiau ar y brig, sef duw noddwr a duwies.<\/p><p>Ym Myblos, hynaf o&#8217;r dinasoedd, roedd Arglwyddes Byblos yn ganolog, duwies y byddai sylwedyddion Groegaidd yn ei chymharu \u00e2&#8217;u duwies gariad eu hunain. Yn Sidon, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eshmun-duw-iachad-sidon\/\">Eshmun<\/a>, duw iach\u00e2d, a&#8217;r dduwies Astarte oedd yn arwain; mae Cysegrle Eshmun ger Sidon yn un o&#8217;r ychydig gysegrleoedd Ffenicaidd sydd wedi goroesi&#8217;n adeileddol dda.<\/p><p>Roedd Tyrus yn addoli <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/melqart-duw-dinas-tyrus\/\">Melqart<\/a>, y mae ei enw&#8217;n golygu Brenin y Ddinas yn llythrennol, ac a oedd yn gysylltiedig&#8217;n agos \u00e2&#8217;r t\u0177 brenhinol. Roedd ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yn cynnwys g\u0175yl flynyddol lle dathlwyd deffroad y duw.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad hwn rhwng y duwiau a&#8217;u dinasoedd yn esbonio pam yr oedd ehangiad y Ffeniciaid ar draws M\u00f4r y Canoldir hefyd yn ledaeniad crefyddol. Cariodd y gwladychwyr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> eu dinas fam gyda hwy. Fel hyn daeth Melqart o Dyrus yn brif dduw Carthag, a chafodd ei addoli hyd yn oed cyn belled \u00e2 Gades yn Sbaen heddiw.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil hanes crefyddol, er enghraifft gwaith Corinne Bonnet, wedi dangos nad oedd y duwiau hyn yn aros yn statig, ond yn hytrach yn addasu i&#8217;w hamgylchedd lleol penodol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2eb921f8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2eb921f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c47128 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26c47128\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y sefyllfa anodd o ffynonellau a cholled llenyddiaeth Ffenicaidd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e1fe3e8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e1fe3e8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c4e10a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp20c4e10a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae ail-lunio crefydd Ffenicaidd yn dioddef o broblem sylfaenol. Roedd y Ffeniciaid yn ysgrifennu ar bapurfrwyn, na wrthododd hinsawdd wlyb yr arfordir. Felly, os bu llenyddiaeth grefyddol eu heiddo eu hunain, ac os oedd yn eang, mae hi wedi ei cholli i raddau helaeth. Yr hyn sy&#8217;n aros yw arysgrifau ar ddeunydd parhaol, yn bennaf arysgrifau cysegru, arysgrifau bedd ac arysgrifau adeiladu ar garreg a metel.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r arysgrifau hyn yn ffurfiannol ac yn fyr. Maent yn enwi duwiau, rhoddwyr ac achlysuron, ond ni roddant fawr o wybodaeth am fythau na dysgeidiaeth.<\/p><p>Y testun hwy pwysicaf yw arch Brenin Eshmunazar o Sidon, y mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun a naddwyd neu a ysgythrwyd i gyfrwng caled.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrif<\/span> yn cynnwys melltithion yn erbyn ysbeilwyr beddau a manylion am gysegriadau temlau. O&#8217;r gwladfeydd, yn enwedig o Carthago, daw miloedd o steli offrwm, ond mae&#8217;r rhain hwythau wedi&#8217;u llunio yn \u00f4l patrwm sefydlog.<\/p><p>O ran mythau a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddisgyblaeth academaidd sy'n astudio Duw a chredoau crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">diwinyddiaeth<\/span>, rhaid dibynnu ar adroddiadau o&#8217;r tu allan. Y pwysicaf ohonynt yw&#8217;r gwaith a elwir Hanes Ffenicaidd gan Philon o Byblos, sydd wedi goroesi mewn darnau yn unig, wedi&#8217;i ddyfynnu gan y Tad Eglwysig Eusebius. Honnodd Philon fod ei ffynhonnell yn awdur cynharach o&#8217;r enw Sanchuniathon.<\/p><p>Mae hyder yr ysgolheictod yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a naratifau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> hwn wedi&#8217;i drafod ers tro, gan fod Philon wedi ysgrifennu yn oes yr Ymerodraeth Rufeinig ac wedi dehongli ei ddeunydd yn Roegaidd. Mae&#8217;r darganfyddiadau o Ugarit yng ngogledd Syria, dinas gysylltiedig ond h\u0177n ac nad oedd yn Ffenicaidd yn ei bur ffurf, yn cynnig cymariaethau gwerthfawr, ond ni ellir eu trosglwyddo&#8217;n ddiwah\u00e2n at y Ffeniciaid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d88466 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26d88466\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24571bb5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp24571bb5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Tophet a'r ddadl am aberthau plant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c4887e6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c4887e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24a9e18f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp24a9e18f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ychydig o bynciau crefydd Ffenicaidd-Bunicaidd sydd wedi bod yn destun dadlau tebyg i&#8217;r cysegrleoedd Tophet fel y&#8217;u gelwir. Yng Carthago a lleoedd Ffenicaidd gorllewinol eraill, canfuwyd ardaloedd wal-amgaeedig \u00e2 miloedd o wrnau yn cynnwys esgyrn wedi&#8217;u llosgi o blant bach ac anifeiliaid ifanc. Uwchben y gwrnau safai steli cysegru, a gyflwynwyd yn aml i&#8217;r duwiau Baal Hammon a Tinnit.<\/p><p>Adroddodd awduron o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groegaidd a Rhufeinig, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Fyd<\/span> fel yr hanesydd Groegaidd Diodorus am aberthau plant seremon\u00efol gan y Carthaginiaid, yn aml mewn t\u00f4n o ffieidd-dod. Am gyfnod hir, ystyriwyd y darlun hwn fel propaganda elyniaethus gan y buddugwyr dros Carthago.<\/p><p>Dehonglodd rhan o&#8217;r ysgolheictod y Tophetau, felly, fel mynwentydd cyffredin i blant a fu farw&#8217;n gynnar. Cred ysgolheigion eraill, ar sail astudiaethau osteolegol a fformiwl\u00e2u&#8217;r arysgrifau, yng nghadw&#8217;r dehongliad o ardal offrymu, lle y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wedi'i drosglwyddo i'r sanctaidd trwy weithred grefyddol, ac felly wedi'i dynnu allan o'r bydol.\" tabindex=\"0\">cysegrwyd<\/span> plant mewn argyfyngau penodol neu er cyflawni llw.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r safbwynt ysgolheigaidd cyfoes yn gymhleth a gofalus. Awgryma tystiolaeth gref fod gweithredoedd offrymu wedi digwydd yn wir yn y Tophet, ond nad oeddent o&#8217;r natur eang a bob-dydd a awgrymwyd gan bolemig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groegaidd a Rhufeinig, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">y Hen Fyd<\/span>. Mae amlder, dosbarthiad rhanbarthol a threfn seremon\u00efol fanwl yn aros yn ansicr.<\/p><p>Dyma esiampl glir o ba mor gryf y gall canfyddiad o grefydd fod wedi&#8217;i lywio gan ffynonellau ei wrthwynebwyr, ac o ba mor anodd yw asesu ymarfer y mae ei lais ei hun wedi&#8217;i golli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b4b708f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b4b708f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bade67c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2bade67c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yr ymlediad ar draws M\u00f4r y Canoldir a'r dylanwad parhaol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e59e6ee e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2e59e6ee\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b3f4ceb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b3f4ceb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymledodd crefydd Ffenicaidd gyda masnach a sefydlu gwladfeydd ar draws holl gylch M\u00f4r y Canoldir. Sefydlwyd canolfannau ar Cyprus, Sicily, Sardinia, Malta, yn Tunisia heddiw ac ar arfordir Iberia.<\/p><p>Yn y gwladfeydd hyn, cyfarfu&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> Ffenicaidd \u00e2 thraddodiadau brodorol, a chreodd hyn ffurfiau cymysg amrywiol. Ar Cyprus, cyfunodd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> Astarte \u00e2 syniadau lleol a Groegaidd, proses a ystyrir yn gyfrifol yn rhannol am ddatblygiad Aphrodite Roegaidd.<\/p><p>Datblygodd Carthago, o&#8217;r etifeddiaeth Tyriaidd, ei chrefydd Bunicaidd ei hun, lle daeth Baal Hammon a&#8217;r dduwies Tinnit i&#8217;r canolbwynt. Ar \u00f4l dinistrio Carthago gan Rufain yn 146 CC, parhaodd y cwltiau hyn mewn ffurf Rufeiniedig.<\/p><p>Cyfunwyd Baal Hammon \u00e2&#8217;r Saturn Rufeinig, a blodeuodd cysegrleoedd Saturn yng Ngogledd Affrica hyd oes yr Ymerodraeth. Cyfatebwyd Melqart yn helaeth \u00e2 Herakles, a sicrhaodd hyn barhad y addoliad mewn lleoedd fel Gades ymhell heibio&#8217;r cyfnod Ffenicaidd.<\/p><p>Mae dylanwad anuniongyrchol ond pellgyrhaeddol i&#8217;w gael yn yr wyddor. Fabwysiadwyd yr wyddor Ffenicaidd, wyddor gytseiniol bur, gan y Groegiaid a&#8217;i ymestyn \u00e2 nodau lleisiol. Trwy&#8217;r Groegaidd a&#8217;r Etrwsceg, cyrhaeddodd yn y pen draw fyd Lladin.<\/p><p>Yn hanesyddol arwyddocaol hefyd yw bod llawer o enwau duwiau a ffurfiau cwlt y Ffeniciaid yn perthyn yn agos i&#8217;r rhai a berthynai i&#8217;w cymdogion, yr Israeliaid. Mae&#8217;r gwrthdaro \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> Baal a ddisgrifir gan yr Hen Destament, felly, yn ffynhonnell bwysig, er yn bleidiol, ar gyfer crefydd Lefant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-phoenizisch-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-phoenizisch-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-phoenizisch-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-phoenizisch-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bodau'r traddodiad hwn (11)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-phoenizisch-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-phoenizisch-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-phoenizisch-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-phoenizisch-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/anat-duwies-rhyfel-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Anat \u2013 Duwies Rhyfel Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_anat-phoenix-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Anat \u2013 Duwies Rhyfel Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Anat \u2013 Duwies Rhyfel Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/astarte-duwies-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Astarte \u2013 Duwies Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_astarte-phoenix-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Astarte \u2013 Duwies Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Astarte \u2013 Duwies Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/baal-hadad-duw-tywydd-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/baal-hadad-duw-tywydd-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Baal-Hadad \u2013 Duw Tywydd Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/baal-hammon-uwch-dduw-carthaginaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Uwch-dduw Carthaginaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hammon-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Baal-Hammon \u2013 Uwch-dduw Carthaginaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Baal-Hammon \u2013 Uwch-dduw Carthaginaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eshmun-duw-iachad-sidon\/\" aria-label=\"Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eshmun-duw-iachad-sidon\/\" aria-label=\"Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_eshmun-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Eshmun \u2013 Duw Iach\u00e2d Sidon<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/melqart-duw-dinas-tyrus\/\" aria-label=\"Melqart \u2013 Duw Dinas Tyrus\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_melqart-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Melqart \u2013 Duw Dinas Tyrus\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Melqart \u2013 Duw Dinas Tyrus<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mot-duw-marwolaeth-ffeniceg\/\" aria-label=\"Mot \u2013 Duw Marwolaeth Ffeniceg\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_mot-phoenix-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Mot \u2013 Duw Marwolaeth Ffeniceg\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Mot \u2013 Duw Marwolaeth Ffeniceg<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/reshef-duw-pla-rhyfel-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Reshef \u2013 Duw Pla a Rhyfel Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_reshef-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Reshef \u2013 Duw Pla a Rhyfel Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Reshef \u2013 Duw Pla a Rhyfel Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tanit-prif-dduwies-carthage\/\" aria-label=\"Tanit \u2013 Prif Dduwies Carthage\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Tanit \u2013 Prif Dduwies Carthage\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Tanit \u2013 Prif Dduwies Carthage<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yam-duw-mor-ffenicaidd\/\" aria-label=\"Yam \u2013 Duw M\u00f4r Ffenicaidd\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_yam-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Yam \u2013 Duw M\u00f4r Ffenicaidd\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Yam \u2013 Duw M\u00f4r Ffenicaidd<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 At y bod<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-phoenizisch e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-phoenizisch\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-phoenizisch-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-phoenizisch-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd <em>arfer amddiffynnol<\/em> Ffenicaidd yn cyfuno swynau o wydr past, symbolau Tanit a phennau Bes gyda allorau cartref ar gyfer Baal ac Astarte; mae darganfyddiadau archeolegol o Carthago, Sidon a Sardinia yn dystiolaeth o rwydwaith dwys o arwyddion amddiffynnol beunyddiol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termau allweddol cysylltiedig: Ffeniciaid Carthago Tyros Sidon Byblos Baal Tanit Melqart Astarte Eshmun Moloch Tophet Bunicaidd.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-phoenizisch\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwrthrychau amddiffynnol yn y traddodiad diwylliannol hwn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cynhyrchodd traddodiad Ffenicaidd-Pwnig amwletau llygad (rhagflaenwyr y Nazar-Boncuk), tlysau dwylo (rhagflaenwyr yr Hamsa), tlysau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Tanit, sgarabau a chrogdlysau lleuad-hanner lunula, un o&#8217;r traddodiadau amddiffynnol cludadwy mwyaf dylanwadol yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Henfyd<\/span>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Mae iWell Guard yn ymgyrraedd i&#8217;r llinach hanesyddol-ddiwylliannol hon o wrthrychau amddiffynnol cludadwy, mewn pensaern\u00efaeth ddeunyddiol gyfoes, wedi&#8217;i wneud yn yr Almaen. 41 haen, aur pur, platinwm, arian. Hawl dychwelyd 30 diwrnod.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Gall profiadau personol amrywio. Nid yw&#8217;n ddyfais feddygol. Ni roddir unrhyw addewid iach\u00e2d.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-phoenizisc-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-phoenizisc-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Nid <strong>cynnyrch meddygol<\/strong> yw iWell Guard ac nid yw'n disodli triniaeth feddygol na seicotherapiwtig. Mae'r cynnwys astudiaethau crefyddol yn ddosbarthiad diwylliannol-hanesyddol, nid yn argymhelliad ymarfer ysbrydol.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2845,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"duwiau phoeniciaidd","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Duwiau Phoeniciaidd \u2013 Baal, Astarte, Cartago | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Duwiau'r Phoeniciaid a'r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191469","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Duwiau Phoeniciaidd \u2013 Baal, Astarte, Cartago | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Duwiau&#039;r Phoeniciaid a&#039;r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phoeniciaid a Cartago \u2013 Baal, Tanit a&#039;r Traddodiad Amddiffynnol\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Duwiau&#039;r Phoeniciaid a&#039;r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/\",\"name\":\"Duwiau Phoeniciaidd \u2013 Baal, Astarte, Cartago | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Duwiau'r Phoeniciaid a'r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duwiau o'r Draddodiad Ffenicaidd.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?page_id=191134\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Phoeniciaid a Cartago \u2013 Baal, Tanit a&#8217;r Traddodiad Amddiffynnol\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cy\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Duwiau Phoeniciaidd \u2013 Baal, Astarte, Cartago | iWell Guard","description":"Duwiau'r Phoeniciaid a'r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Phoeniciaid a Cartago \u2013 Baal, Tanit a'r Traddodiad Amddiffynnol","og_description":"Duwiau'r Phoeniciaid a'r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/","name":"Duwiau Phoeniciaidd \u2013 Baal, Astarte, Cartago | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","description":"Duwiau'r Phoeniciaid a'r Cartagoaid: Baal Hammon, Astarte (Tanit), Melqart, El, Ashera. Myth, Teml Tyros a gwrthdaro Beiblaidd.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_baal-hadad.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duwiau o'r Draddodiad Ffenicaidd."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/phoeniciaid-a-cartago-baal-tanit\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?page_id=191134"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Phoeniciaid a Cartago \u2013 Baal, Tanit a&#8217;r Traddodiad Amddiffynnol"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cy"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191469"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191469\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2845"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}