{"id":191462,"date":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191462"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"iran-a-soroastraeth-avesta-ahura-mazda","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/iran-a-soroastraeth-avesta-ahura-mazda\/","title":{"rendered":"Iran a Soroastraeth \u2013 Avesta, Ahura Mazda a&#8217;r Faravahar"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191462\" class=\"elementor elementor-191462 elementor-2556 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iran a Soroastraeth, Ahura Mazda, Avesta a'r Faravahar<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sylfaenwyd Soroastraeth gan Zarathustra yn y mileniwm cyntaf neu&#8217;r ail cyn ein hoes ni, ac mae&#8217;n un o&#8217;r crefyddau undduwiol hynaf sydd wedi&#8217;u cofnodi. Mae Ahura Mazda yn ganolog fel Creawdwr; deallir y byd mewn dull deuolaidd, rhwng ei weithredoedd ef a&#8217;r egwyddor ddinistriol Angra Mainyu. Mae Soroastraeth wedi dylanwadu&#8217;n barhaol ar eschatoleg Iddewig, Gristnogol a Fwslimaidd.<\/p><p>Mae adran ar wah\u00e2n yn gosod ymarfer amddiffynnol Soroastrol mewn cyd-destun astudiaethau crefyddol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_iran-zoroastrismus_ahura-mazda-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193315\" alt=\"Ahura Mazda - Duwiau o&apos;r traddodiad Iran-Zoroastraidd, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_iran-zoroastrismus_ahura-mazda-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_iran-zoroastrismus_ahura-mazda-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_iran-zoroastrismus_ahura-mazda-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_iran-zoroastrismus_ahura-mazda.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zarathustra a'r Dyddio<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O&#8217;r person Zarathustra (Gr. Zoroaster), dim ond ei hymnau ei hun, y Gathas, sydd wedi goroesi&#8217;n ddibynadwy. Mae&#8217;r dyddio yn amrywio&#8217;n fawr o fewn ymchwil: mae amcangyfrifon ceidwadol yn ei osod yn y 6ed ganrif COE, ond mae dadansoddiadau hanesyddol-ieithyddol o&#8217;i hymnau yn awgrymu dyddiad llawer h\u0177n, tua 1500 i 1000 COE.<\/p><p>Tybir bod ei weithgarwch hanesyddol wedi digwydd yn Nwyrain Iran neu Ganol Asia. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y gred mewn un duw yn unig.\" tabindex=\"0\">undduwiaeth<\/span> a fformiwlaodd ef, gyda phwyslais moesegol, yn sefyll yn wrthgyferbyniol i draddodiadau Indo-Iranaidd amldduwiol cynharach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avesta a'r Pantheon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Casglwyd ysgrythurau sanctaidd Soroastraeth yn yr Avesta: y Gathas (hymnau Zarathustra ei hun, yn hen Avestaidd), Yasna (corpws litwrg\u00efaidd), Visperad, Vendidad a&#8217;r Yashts.<\/p><p>Ochr yn ochr ag Ahura Mazda ac Angra Mainyu, ymddengys chwe Amesha Spenta (Anfarwolion Sanctaidd) yn ymgnawdoliadau o agweddau dwyfol: Vohu Manah (bwriad da), Asha Vahishta (y gwirionedd goreu), Khshathra Vairya (y deyrnas ddymunol), Spenta Armaiti (ymroddiad sanctaidd), Haurvatat (cyfanrwydd), Ameretat (anfarwoldeb). Mae&#8217;r Yazatas yn fodau sy&#8217;n haeddu addoliad gyda swyddogaethau cosmig penodol: Mithra (cyfamod), Anahita (d\u0175r), Sraosha (ufudd-dod, amddiffyniad).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cosmoleg a Moeseg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad am adeiladwaith a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">cosmoleg<\/span> Soroastrol yn ddeuolaidd yn eglur: mae Ahura Mazda ac Angra Mainyu yn sefyll yn wrthgyferbyniol fel egwyddorion annibynnol; gwahoddir dyn i weithredu, drwy weithredoedd moesegol, ar ochr Asha (gwirionedd, trefn gosmig) yn erbyn Druj (celwydd, anhrefn).<\/p><p>Deellir y byd o fewn cysyniad amser llinellol: Creadigaeth, brwydr rhwng Da a Drwg, buddugoliaeth derfynol Asha gydag atgyfodiad y meirw a barn derfynol. Mae&#8217;r eschatoleg hon wedi dylanwadu&#8217;n ddwys ar y crefyddau Abrahamaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Faravahar, yr Arwydd Haul Adeiniog<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y Faravahar, y symbol haul adeiniog gyda ffurf ddynol o fewn cylch, yw&#8217;r arwydd gweledol mwyaf trawiadol o hunaniaeth Soroastrol heddiw. Mae i&#8217;w weld ar reliefau Achaemenidaidd (Persepolis) o&#8217;r 6ed ganrif COE ymlaen.<\/p><p>Trafodir ei ddehongliad o fewn astudiaethau crefyddol: yn draddodiadol darllenir fel Fravashi (agwedd gwarcheidwad dwyfol o&#8217;r enaid), gan eraill fel darluniad o Ahura Mazda ei hun, neu fel arwyddlun brenhinol o lwc (Khvarenah).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sudreh-Kushti, y Crys a'r Llinyn Sanctaidd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Soroastriaid ymarferol yn gwisgo, ar \u00f4l y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trawsnewidiad seremon\u00efol y derbynnir rhywun ynddo i statws newydd neu gymuned newydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod ymsefydlu<\/span> Sedreh-Pushi (tebyg i gonffirmasiwn, yn arferol tua saith neu ddeg oed), y crys sanctaidd Sudreh o gotwm gwyn a&#8217;r llinyn sanctaidd Kushti o wl\u00e2n, wedi&#8217;i lapio deirgwaith am y wasg.<\/p><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant trefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd gyda ystyr grefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> ddyddiol Padyab-Kushti, datodir y llinyn a&#8217;i ail-glymu, adnewyddiad corfforol o ymrwymiad i Asha. Mae 72 edefyn y Kushti yn cyfateb i benodau&#8217;r Yasna.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lledaeniad Heddiw, Parsiaid a Soroastriaid Iranaidd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ar \u00f4l y goncwest Arabaidd o Bersia yn y 7fed ganrif, ymfudodd rhannau o&#8217;r gymuned Soroastrol i India, lle daethant yn adnabyddus fel Parsiaid (heddiw&#8217;n bennaf yn ardal Mumbai), yn lleiafrif dylanwadol yn economaidd a diwylliannol.<\/p><p>Yn Iran, ceir cymunedau llai yn Yazd, Kerman a Tehran. Nid yw&#8217;r grefydd yn genhadol, ac mae&#8217;r aelodaeth fyd-eang yn ychydig gannoedd o filoedd. Yn yr 20fed ganrif datblygodd diaspora Soroastrol yng Ngogledd America ac Ewrop.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y ffynonellau a'r ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Cyfieithiadau pwysig: Mary Boyce <em>A History of Zoroastrianism<\/em> (3 cyfrol, 1975, 1991), Helmut Humbach ar gyfer y Gathas, Albert de Jong <em>Traditions of the Magi<\/em>. Cyd-destunoli academaidd: Geo Widengren, Bruce Lincoln. Mae Maniceaeth hefyd, a sylfaenwyd gan Mani yn y 3edd ganrif, yn adeiladu ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad am adeiladwaith a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">gosmoleg<\/span> Soroastrol.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27fd4d10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp27fd4d10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27b264ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27b264ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Avesta a Llenyddiaeth Pahlavi: Cyflwr y Ffynonellau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp254b322d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp254b322d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21217e3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21217e3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Casglwyd ffynonellau hynaf Soroastraeth yn yr <em>Avesta<\/em>, corpws o destunau crefyddol mewn hen iaith Iranaidd, yr Avestan. Y craidd, y <em>Gathas<\/em>, yw hymnau a briodolir yn draddodiadol i sylfaenydd y grefydd, Zarathustra ei hun, ac sydd yn ieithyddol hynafol iawn.<\/p><p>C\u00e2nt eu cynnwys yn y weddi ddefodol iau, y <em>Yasna<\/em>. Ychwanegir y <em>Yashts<\/em>, hymnau i wahanol fodau dwyfol, ynghyd \u00e2 thestunau litwrgaidd a chyfreithiol ynghylch purdeb megis y <em>Vendidad<\/em>.<\/p><p>Trosglwyddwyd yr Avesta ar lafar am ganrifoedd lawer cyn ei ysgrifennu, ac yn eithaf hwyr yn hynny o beth. Collwyd cyfran fawr ohono; yr hyn sydd wedi goroesi a ystyrir yn ddarn o gorpws a fu ar un adeg lawer mwy. Nid yw&#8217;r llawysgrifau presennol yn h\u0177n na&#8217;r 13g, sy&#8217;n peri problemau penodol i feirniadaeth destunol.<\/p><p>Ffurfia&#8217;r llenyddiaeth Berseg Ganol, a elwir hefyd yn Pahlavi, ail haenen, a gyfansoddwyd yn bennaf yn hwyr yn oes y Sasaniaid a&#8217;r canrifoedd Islamaidd cynnar.<\/p><p>Yn eu plith y <em>Denkard<\/em>, math o gyfrol wybodaeth am y grefydd, y <em>Bundahishn<\/em> gyda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad o strwythur a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">gosmoleg<\/span> ac eschatoleg Soroastraidd, yn ogystal \u00e2 nifer fawr o esboniadau a thestunau cyfreithiol. Yn aml, crynhoad o ddefnyddiau Avestan a gollwyd yw&#8217;r gweithiau hyn, ac felly y maent yn hollbwysig, ond ar y llaw arall dylanwadwyd arnynt gan safbwynt diwinyddol eu cyfnod.<\/p><p>I ysgolheictod y Gorllewin, bu datgodio&#8217;r ieithoedd hyn yn broses hir. Cyhoeddodd Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron y cyfieithiad Ewropeaidd cyntaf o&#8217;r Avesta ym 1771, gan ddibynnu ar hyfforddiant gan offeiriaid yn India.<\/p><p>Cenedlaethau diweddarach, megis Christian Bartholomae gyda&#8217;i eiriadur Hen Iranaidd, a osododd y sylfeini ffilolegol. Erys y ffynonellau&#8217;n anghyflawn, fodd bynnag, ac mae llawer am gyfnod cynnar y grefydd yn seiliedig ar ail-luniad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25408a86 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp25408a86\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d9ffc82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d9ffc82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y frwydr gosmig a'r weledigaeth o'r byd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp257fcf7d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp257fcf7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21d72b97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21d72b97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nodweddir gweledigaeth Soroastraidd o&#8217;r byd gan wrthgyferbyniad dwy egwyddor sylfaenol. Ar un ochr saif <em>Ahura Mazda<\/em>, yr arglwydd doeth, ffynhonnell trefn, goleuni a bywyd.<\/p><p>Yn ei erbyn saif yr egwyddor ddinistriol, a elwir yn y testunau iau <em>Angra Mainyu<\/em> neu yn Berseg Canol <em>Ahriman<\/em>, sy&#8217;n cynrychioli celwydd, anhrefn a marwolaeth. Cwestiwn dadleuol hen yn yr ysgolheictod yw ai deuoliaeth gaeth sydd yma, ynteu drefn y mae Ahura Mazda yn ei chwmpasu yn y pen draw.<\/p><p>Meddylir am hanes y byd fel gwrthdaro sydd wedi&#8217;i gyfyngu mewn amser. Yn \u00f4l cynllun y <em>Bundahishn<\/em>, mae&#8217;n rhannu i nifer o gyfnodau mawr, ac wrth ddiwedd y cyfan daw adnewyddiad y byd, y <em>frashokereti<\/em>. Yn hyn goresgynnir drygioni, atgyfodir y meirw, a sefydlir cyflwr o drefn berffaith.<\/p><p>Nid gwyliwr yw&#8217;r dyn yn y digwyddiad hwn, ond cyd-ymladdwr sy&#8217;n cryfhau ochr y drefn drwy feddyliau da, geiriau da a gweithredoedd da.<\/p><p>Rhwng y duw pennaf a&#8217;r byd saif yr <em>Amesha Spentas<\/em>, yr anfarwolion buddiol, gr\u0175p o fodau a bersonolir bob un ohonynt yn agwedd ar y greadigaeth dda, ac sy&#8217;n gwarchod meysydd penodol iddynt, megis t\u00e2n, d\u0175r, planhigion neu fetel.<\/p><p>Ymhellach ymddengys llu o <em>Yazatas<\/em>, bodau teilwng o addoliad y cysegrir y Yashts iddynt. Poblogir yr ochr elyniaethus gan <em>Daevas<\/em> a bodau niweidiol eraill.<\/p><p>Ar \u00f4l marwolaeth, rhaid i&#8217;r enaid groesi pont y penderfynir ei chyflwr yn \u00f4l cydbwysedd bywyd yr enaid. Mae&#8217;n lledu ac yn hawdd ei chroesi i&#8217;r cyfiawn, ac yn gulhau ac yn beryglus i&#8217;r drygionus.<\/p><p>Y syniad hwn am farn, pont a thelyngdod y byd a ddaw sy&#8217;n un o&#8217;r elfennau a drafodir yn helaeth yn yr ysgolheictod oherwydd tebygolrwydd cyswllt \u00e2 Iddewiaeth, Cristnogaeth ac Islam.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e6b25c1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e6b25c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2450c831 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2450c831\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defod, t\u00e2n a phurdeb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp296b9f76 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp296b9f76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bb53da9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2bb53da9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid duw yw t\u00e2n yn Soroastraeth, ond <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> a chludydd purdeb a threfn ddwyfol. Yn y temlau, a elwir yn aml o&#8217;r tu allan yn demlau t\u00e2n, cynhelir t\u00e2n cysegredig yn barhaus a gofalir amdano gan offeiriaid.<\/p><p>Cr\u00ebir y radd uchaf o d\u00e2n o&#8217;r fath, <em>Atash Bahram<\/em>, drwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant trefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag ystyr crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> hir a chymhleth, lle uniteir a phureiddir t\u00e2n o wahanol ffynonellau.<\/p><p>Craidd y prif gwlt yw&#8217;r <em>Yasna<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn sefydlog gwasanaeth crefyddol cymuned ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">litwrgi<\/span> a bery oriau lawer, lle adrodd offeiriad y testunau Avestan gan gyflawni gweithredoedd defodol gyda d\u0175r, planhigion a sudd planhigyn <em>haoma<\/em>. Ochr yn ochr \u00e2 hyn ceir gwedd\u00efau byrrach a defosiynau teuluol a gyflawnir gan leygwyr eu hunain.<\/p><p>Mae syniadau am burdeb yn treiddio bywyd bob dydd. Ystyrir marwolaeth a phydredd yn ymosodiad grymusaf y grym dinistriol. Am hynny, ni ddylai cyrff meirw halogi&#8217;r elfennau pur, daear, d\u0175r a th\u00e2n. O&#8217;r rhesymeg hon tarddodd yr arfer o gladdu ar y &#8220;twyrau distawrwydd&#8221; fel y&#8217;u gelwir, <em>dakhma<\/em>, lle gadewyd y cyrff i adar rheibus.<\/p><p>Yn yr oes fodern, mewn llawer man mae&#8217;r arfer hon yn gyfyngedig neu wedi darfod yn gyfan gwbl, felly digwydd claddedigaethau mewn beddau wedi&#8217;u selio&#8217;n arbennig, neu amlosgiadau, sy&#8217;n destun dadl o fewn y gymuned.<\/p><p>Nodweddir calendr y defodau gan wyliau sefydlog. Yr enwocaf yw <em>Nouruz<\/em>, gwyl y flwyddyn newydd ar gyhydnos y gwanwyn, a ddathlir ymhell y tu hwnt i&#8217;r gymuned grefyddol yn Iran a&#8217;r gwledydd cyfagos. Ychwanegir chwe gwyl <em>Gahanbar<\/em>, sy&#8217;n cyfateb i gyfnodau&#8217;r greadigaeth, ynghyd \u00e2 dyddiau coffa i&#8217;r meirw. Cyfuna&#8217;r gwyliau hyn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad o strwythur a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">gosmoleg<\/span>, calendr amaethyddol a bywyd cymunedol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a38c545 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a38c545\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp247060ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp247060ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Parsiaid, Iraniaid a Soroastraeth gyfoes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26906393 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp26906393\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25825757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25825757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ar \u00f4l y goresgyniad Arabaidd-Islamaidd o Iran yn y 7fed ganrif, collodd Zoroastraidd ei safle fel crefydd ymerodrol a daeth, dros y canrifoedd, i fod yn lleiafrif bach.<\/p><p>Ymfudodd rhan o&#8217;r credinwyr i India, yn \u00f4l y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a hanesion dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> tua&#8217;r 8fed i&#8217;r 10fed ganrif. Eu disgynyddion yw&#8217;r <em>Parsis<\/em>, a ymgartrefodd yn bennaf yn ardal Gujarat ac yn ddiweddarach yn Mumbai.<\/p><p>O dan reolaeth Brydeinig, datblygodd y Parsis gymuned gyfoethog, wedi&#8217;i chanoli ar addysg, gyda&#8217;i sefydliadau, ysgolion a themlau eu hunain. Ar y llaw arall, arweiniodd y niferoedd bach, cyfradd geni isel a rheol dras strict at ddirywiad demograffig cyson sydd wedi parhau hyd heddiw, ac sy&#8217;n destun dadl fewnol, er enghraifft ynghylch a ddylid derbyn plant o briodasau \u00e2 phobl nad ydynt yn Zoroastraidd.<\/p><p>Yn Iran ei hun, parhaodd cymuned lai i fodoli, yr <em>Iraniaid<\/em>, gyda chanolfannau yn Yazd, Kerman a Tehran. Am amser maith bu&#8217;n byw o dan anfanteision cyfreithiol, ond heddiw mae&#8217;n cael ei gynrychioli&#8217;n gyfansoddiadol fel lleiafrif crefyddol cydnabyddedig, er ei fod yn fach iawn o ran nifer. Ceir hefyd gymunedau yn y diaspora, yn bennaf yng Ngogledd America, Prydain ac Awstralia.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r astudiaeth academaidd o&#8217;r grefydd yn gysylltiedig&#8217;n agos ag enwau fel Mary Boyce, y mae ei gwaith maes ymhlith Zoroastriaid Iranaidd yn y 1960au a&#8217;i hanes crefyddol aml-gyfrol yn dal i fod yn weithiau safonol hyd heddiw.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwilwyr diweddarach fel Jenny Rose ac Albert de Jong wedi manylu&#8217;r darlun ac wedi pwysleisio&#8217;n arbennig amrywiaeth yr arferion. Rhaid i gyfarwyddyd priodol ddangos Zoroastraidd fel crefydd gyfoes fyw, er ei bod dan fygythiad, ac nid yn unig fel ffenomen hynafol. Mae cysylltiadau&#8217;n bodoli \u00e2&#8217;r ardal ddiwylliannol a drafodir yn yr hyb <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Termau allweddol cysylltiedig: Zarathustra Avesta Ahura Mazda Angra Mainyu Faravahar Kushti Sudreh Amesha Spentas Yazatas Asha Druj Gathas Yasna.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-iran-zoroastrismus\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwrthrychau amddiffynnol yn y traddodiad diwylliannol hwn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae traddodiad Zoroastraidd-Iranaidd yn cyd-deithio \u00e2&#8217;r gwisgwr trwy&#8217;r crys sanctaidd Sudreh a&#8217;r llinyn sanctaidd Kushti; mae&#8217;r Faravahar yn gwasanaethu fel arwydd hunaniaeth ac amddiffyniad gweladwy, ynghyd ag arddangosynau pennill Avesta a swynoglau amddiffynnol.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Mae iWell Guard yn ymgorffori&#8217;r llinach hanesyddol-ddiwylliannol hon o wrthrychau amddiffynnol i&#8217;w gwisgo, mewn pensaern\u00efaeth ddeunydd gyfoes, wedi&#8217;i gynhyrchu yn yr Almaen. 41 haen, aur pur, platinwm, arian. Hawl dychwelyd o 30 diwrnod.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Gall profiadau personol amrywio. Nid yw&#8217;n ddyfais feddygol. Ni roddir unrhyw addewid iach\u00e2d.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-iranzoroas-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-iranzoroas-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Nid <strong>cynnyrch meddygol<\/strong> yw iWell Guard ac nid yw'n disodli triniaeth feddygol na seicotherapiwtig. Mae'r cynnwys astudiaethau crefyddol yn ddosbarthiad diwylliannol-hanesyddol, nid yn argymhelliad ymarfer ysbrydol.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symbolau amddiffynnol o Iran a Zoroastraidd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgssrev-iranzoroastrismus-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r geiriadur symbolau amddiffynnol yn trafod nifer o arwyddion a gwrthrychau o Iran a Zoroastraidd ar dudalennau eu hunain: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/faravahar-arwydd-zoroastriaeth\/\">Faravahar<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/kushti-gwregys-sanctaidd-zoroastriaid\/\">Kushti<\/a>. Mae tudalen y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/symbolau-amddiffynnol\/\">symbolau amddiffynnol<\/a> yn cynnig trosolwg trawsddiwylliannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2901,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Traddodiad Amddiffynnol Soroastrol","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Soroastraeth \u2013 Ahura Mazda, Avesta ac Ymarfer Amddiffynnol","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Soroastraeth ar iWell Guard: Ahura Mazda, Avesta, y Faravahar a'r llinyn cysegredig Kushti, wedi'u gosod mewn cyd-destun astudiaethau crefyddol.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191462","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Soroastraeth \u2013 Ahura Mazda, Avesta ac Ymarfer Amddiffynnol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Soroastraeth ar iWell Guard: Ahura Mazda, Avesta, y Faravahar a&#039;r llinyn cysegredig Kushti, wedi&#039;u gosod mewn cyd-destun astudiaethau crefyddol.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/iran-a-soroastraeth-avesta-ahura-mazda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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