{"id":191436,"date":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:26:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191436"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"medea","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/","title":{"rendered":"Medea"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191436\" class=\"elementor elementor-191436 elementor-2255 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e1cceb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4e1cceb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a09588f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a09588f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e99e63b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e99e63b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e50d850 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e50d850\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medea, dewines o Golchis a heroin dreigl<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de5f0e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de5f0e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Medea yw un o&#8217;r cymeriadau mwyaf cymhleth yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Groeg. Mae&#8217;n ddewines, yn dywysoges o Golchis pell ar lan M\u00f4r Du, yn offeiriades <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate<\/a>, yn gariad ac yn ddiweddarach yn wraig wrthodedig Iason, ac yn fam sy&#8217;n lladd ei phlant ei hun.<\/p><p>Mae ei stori yn cyfuno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> a thrasiedi. Yn wahanol i ffigyrau duwiol fel <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/aphrodite\/\">Aphrodite<\/a> neu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eros\/\">Eros<\/a>, mae Medea yn farwol, ond mae ei gallu hud a&#8217;i chysylltiad agos \u00e2 Hecate yn rhoi iddi safle rhwng dynoliaeth a grym goruwchddynol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d7c2cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8d7c2cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a68be elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"23a68be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym personol uchaf yn banth\u00ebon diwylliant, gyda chyfrifoldebau clir \u2014 grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolwyd drwy gwltiau, aberthau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd a mytholeg Groeg hynafol o'r cyfnod Mycenaidd hyd at ddiwedd yr hen fyd.\">Gwlad Groeg<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7059463 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7059463\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-79831b6 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"79831b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__79831b6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__79831b6\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__79831b6\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9016a43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9016a43\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-944e13c iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"944e13c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193148\" alt=\"Medea, dewines o Golchis ym mytholeg Groeg, darlun hanesyddol-eglurhaol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f59cdc2 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f59cdc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a411b5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9a411b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7718fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7718fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Tarddiad a chyd-destun mytholegol<\/h3><p>Yn \u00f4l y Argonautica gan Apollonios o Rhodos (3edd ganrif CC), Medea yw merch Aietes, brenin Colchis, ac wyres i&#8217;r duw haul Helios. Ei modryb yw Kirke, y ddewines o&#8217;r Odyssey. Mae&#8217;r berthynas hon yn gosod Medea o fewn llinach o wragedd \u00e2 doniau hudol ar gyrion byd Groeg.<\/p><p>Mae Colchis yn sefyll ar lan ddwyreiniol y M\u00f4r Du, mewn rhanbarth a ystyriwyd gan y Groegiaid yn ecsotig ac yn llawn hud. Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad rhwng tarddiad colchisaidd a chelfyddyd hud yn ymddangos yn gynnar mewn llenyddiaeth: mae Hesiod (Theogoni 956) eisoes yn crybwyll Medea fel merch Aietes.<\/p><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl draddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myth<\/span> yr Argonawtiaid a chymorth i Iason<\/h3><p>Y cyd-destun mytholegol canolog yw mordaith yr Argonawtiaid. Daw Iason i Golchis i gaffael y Cnu Aur. Mae&#8217;r Brenin Aietes yn gosod tasgau amhosibl: dofi teirw sy&#8217;n chwythu t\u00e2n, aredig cwys y ddraig, trechu dannedd draig a blannwyd, a dwyn y cnu o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Llwyn coed cysegredig a ddefnyddiwyd fel lle addoli.\" tabindex=\"0\">lwyn<\/span> Ares.<\/p><p>Mae Medea, sydd wedi syrthio mewn cariad ag Iason (yn Apollonios oherwydd ymyrraeth <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eros\/\">Eros<\/a>), yn ei gynorthwyo \u00e2 hufenau a swynion.<\/p><p>Ar \u00f4l dwyn y cnu, mae&#8217;n dianc gyda&#8217;r Argonawtiaid ac, wrth ffoi rhag ymlid, yn lladd ei brawd Apsyrtos, gan daflu ei aelodau wedi&#8217;u darnio i&#8217;r m\u00f4r i rwystro ei thad. Llofruddiaeth y brawd yw&#8217;r arwydd cyntaf o&#8217;i safle amwys: mae&#8217;n gynorthwywraig i Iason ac ar yr un pryd yn gyflawnwraig troseddau erchyll.<\/p><h3>Euripides a&#8217;r drasiedi Corinthaidd<\/h3><p>Y trin mwyaf enwog o&#8217;r stori yw trasiedi Euripides, <em>Medea<\/em> (431 CC). Yng Nghorinth, lle mae&#8217;r p\u00e2r yn byw ar \u00f4l teithio ymhell, mae Iason yn dymuno gwrthod Medea er mwyn priodi merch y brenin, Glauke. Mae Medea yn cynllwynio dial: mae&#8217;n anfon gwisg wenwynig at Glauke, a fydd yn llosgi&#8217;r briodferch a&#8217;i thad Kreon.<\/p><p>Yn dilyn hyn, mae&#8217;n lladd ei dau fab ei hun gan Iason, er mwyn peri iddo&#8217;r poen mwyaf posibl. Daw&#8217;r drasiedi i ben gyda Medea yn dianc mewn cerbyd draig a anfonwyd gan Helios. Mae cymeriad Medea gan Euripides wedi dylanwadu&#8217;n barhaol ar lenyddiaeth a theatr Ewrop: hi yw&#8217;r arwres drasig baradeimatig, y mae ei chariad angerddol a&#8217;i dial diamod yn anwahanadwy ynghlwm.<\/p><h3>Gallu hudol a&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 Hecate<\/h3><p>Disgrifir arferiad hudol Medea yn fanwl yn y ffynonellau hynafol. Mae Apollonios ac yn ddiweddarach Ofid (Metamorffosau 7) yn rhestru hufenau o blanhigion prin, swynion dan olau&#8217;r lleuad, galw ar bwerau tanddaearol, a theithiau mewn cerbyd draig. Hecate, duwies y croesffyrdd a&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu ffurfiau arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>, yw duwies noddwr Medea: yn nrama Euripides, mae Medea yn cadarnhau ei llw ger Hecate.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r berthynas hon \u00e2 Hecate yn gosod Medea yn nhraddodiad y pharmakeutr\u00eda Groegaidd, y merched hyddysg mewn planhigion a hud, a oedd yn ffigyrau cymdeithasol real yng nghrefydd boblogaidd yr hen fyd, ac a gadarnhawyd yn archeolegol ar ffurf tabledi melltith (defixiones).<\/p><h3>Metamorffosau Ofid a&#8217;r derbyniad Rhufeinig<\/h3><p>Mae Ofid yn cysegru llyfr hir o&#8217;r Metamorffosau i Medea, lle mae&#8217;n disgrifio&#8217;r gweithrediadau hudol yn fanwl: adfywio Pelias \u00e2 phlanhigion, ac adfywio Aison, tad Iason, \u00e2 gwaed draig. Mae trasiedi Seneca, <em>Medea<\/em> (1af ganrif OC), yn cryfhau fersiwn Euripides ac yn troi Medea yn ffigwr bron yn ddieflig o awydd dial.<\/p><p>Yn draddodiad delweddol Rhufeinig, ymddengys ar ryddgerfiadau seircoffagi ac arluniau muriau, yn aml gydag arysgrifau sy&#8217;n pwysleisio&#8217;i tharddiad colchisaidd. Mae&#8217;r derbyniad hwn yn parhau drwy&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol (Boccaccio, Christine de Pizan) hyd at gyfnod cynnar yr Oes Fodern, lle daw Medea yn ffigwr allweddol mewn trafodaethau am rym benywaidd a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu ffurfiau arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>.<\/p><h3>Dulliau darllen modern a lleoliad astudiaethau crefydd<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>Yn ymchwil fodern, trafodir Medea o dan sawl agwedd. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysgolhaig crefydd Almaenig (1931\u20132015); prif waith Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> yn <em>Greek Religion<\/em> (1977) wedi pwysleisio&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 Hecate a&#8217;r proffil pharmasiwtig. Mae dulliau darllen ffeministaidd (<em>Medea-Stimmen<\/em> gan Christa Wolf, 1996) yn dehongli&#8217;r drasiedi fel stori am estrones a fethodd yng nghymdeithas wrywaidd Corinth.<\/span><\/p><p>O safbwynt hanes crefydd, mae Medea yn ddiddorol fel enghraifft o brosesu Groegaidd o draddodiadau hudol colchisaidd (cawcasaidd), lle trawsffurfir syniadau real am wrachyddiaeth yn fytholegol. Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate<\/a> yn ei gwneud yn bont rhwng arwres fytholegol ac arferiad cwltaidd.<\/p><p style=\"margin-top:1.5em\"><strong>Pynciau cysylltiedig:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/aphrodite\/\">Aphrodite<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/eros\/\">Eros<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Medea fel ffigwr esiampl o wraig \u00e2 grym<\/h3>\n<p>Yn yr 20fed ganrif, daw Medea yn ffigwr allweddol mewn dulliau darllen ffeministaidd o&#8217;r myth. Mae nofel Christa Wolf, <em>Medea. Stimmen<\/em> (1996), yn dehongli&#8217;r fam laddwraig fel iachawraig a enllibiwyd gan fyd gwrywaidd Corinth, y mae ei gwir stori wedi diflannu tu \u00f4l i fersiwn y drasiedi.<\/p><p>Hyd yn oed yn draddodiad theatr ddawns Pina Bausch a mewn nifer o berfformiadau theatr modern, ymddengys Medea fel gwraig y mae ei gallu hudol, ei tharddiad estron, a&#8217;i chryfder emosiynol yn ffynhonnell ei denu a&#8217;i gwrthodiad ar yr un pryd. Mae&#8217;r dull darllen hwn yn ffrwythlon o safbwynt llenyddol, ond ni ellir ei gynnal yn gyson yn erbyn Euripides o safbwynt hanesyddol-fytholegol.<\/p>\n<h3>Arferiad hudol a&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 Hecate<\/h3>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad rhwng Medea a Hecate yn ddwys yn y ffynonellau hynafol. Mae Apollonios o Rhodos yn peri i Medea alw ar Hecate fel ei duwies noddwr; mae Ofid yn ymhelaethu ar hyn.<\/p><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trosiannol rhwng yr Henfyd a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua'r 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen fyd hwyr<\/span> Groegaidd-Eifftaidd, ymddengys <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu ffurfiau arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> (PGM) galwadau ar Hecate sy&#8217;n dangos strwythurau a adnabyddir yn llenyddol drwy draddodiad Medea: defodau nosol, paratoi diodydd, galw ysbrydion gyda phlanhigion o&#8217;r Cawcasws neu Thessalia. Nid adlewyrchiad syml o&#8217;r mythau yw&#8217;r arferiad hwn, ond mae&#8217;n dylanwadu arnynt yn \u00f4l-weithredol: mae Medea lenyddol yn gweithredu fel ysgogiad ar gyfer hud Hecate yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trosiannol rhwng yr Henfyd a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua'r 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen fyd hwyr<\/span>.<\/p>\n<h3>Medea fel cod diwylliannol<\/h3>\n<p>Mae&#8217;r ffigwr Medea yn gweithredu yn niwylliant y Gorllewin fel cod ar gyfer nifer o themau sy&#8217;n cydgyfarfod: grym benywaidd mewn cyd-destun patriarchaidd, yr estron fel ffynhonnell gwybodaeth a bygythiad, cydblethiad Eros a thrais, trasiedi cariad diamod.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Yn y celfyddydau gweledol, o <em>Medea<\/em> Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix (1838) hyd at waith deunydd Anselm Kiefer, mae&#8217;n dod dro ar \u00f4l tro yn fotiff delweddol.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ym myd ffilm, creodd Pier Paolo Pasolini yn 1969, gyda Maria Callas, addasiad eiconig sy&#8217;n peri i Medea ddychwelyd o Gorinth i Golchis, gwrthdroad sy&#8217;n troi&#8217;r berthynas rhwng canolbwynt a chyrion.<\/span><\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r hanes derbyniad diwylliannol hwn yn arwyddocaol o safbwynt hanes crefydd: mae Medea yn cynrychioli math o sancteiddrwydd na fedrai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">panth\u00e9on<\/span> swyddogol Groeg ei ymgorffori, y ddewines fel ffigwr ffiniol rhwng meidroldeb a dwyfoldeb, rhwng gwybodaeth ac ofn.<\/p>\n<h3>Ffynonellau<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Apollonios Rhodios: <em>Argonautika<\/em>, gol. Reinhold Glei, Tusculum 1996.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Euripides: <em>Medea<\/em>, gol. Donald J. Mastronarde, Cambridge UP 2002.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Sarah Iles Johnston: <em>Hekate Soteira<\/em>, Oxford UP 1990.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Hans Dieter Betz (gol.): <em>The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation<\/em>, Chicago UP 1986.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-nosnippet>Christa Wolf: <em>Medea. Stimmen<\/em>, Luchterhand 1996.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-459aa96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"459aa96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6cfed0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6cfed0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medea yn Chwedl yr Argonawtiaid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10547a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"10547a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Medea yn ymddangos gyntaf yn nhraddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">llafar<\/span> Groeg mewn cysylltiad \u00e2 mordaith yr Argonawtiaid. Mae hi&#8217;n ferch i&#8217;r Brenin Aietes o Golchis, gwlad ar ymyl dwyreiniol byd-olwg y Groegiaid, ac yn wyres i&#8217;r duw haul Helios.<\/p><p>Pan ddaw Iason gyda&#8217;r Argonawtiaid i Golchis i geisio&#8217;r Cnu Aur, syrth Medea mewn cariad ag ef.<\/p><p>Y disgrifiad manylaf o&#8217;r cyfnod hwn o&#8217;r cyfnod <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">clasurol<\/span> yw&#8217;r epig <em>Argonautica<\/em> gan Apollonios o Rhodos, o&#8217;r drydedd ganrif cyn Crist.<\/p><p>Mae Medea&#8217;n helpu Iason i gyflawni tasgau amhosib ei thad. Mae hi&#8217;n rhoi iddo eli sy&#8217;n ei wneud yn anniogel i d\u00e2n a haearn, fel y gall ddofi teirw&#8217;n chwythu t\u00e2n a threchu&#8217;r rhyfelwyr sy&#8217;n tyfu o ddannedd draig. Yn olaf, mae hi&#8217;n suo&#8217;r ddraig sy&#8217;n gwarchod y cnu i gysgu gyda&#8217;i chelfyddyd hud.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ffo o Golchis yn gysylltiedig ag episod creulon. Yn \u00f4l y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">traddodiad<\/span> mwyaf cyffredin, mae Medea&#8217;n lladd ei brawd ei hun, Apsyrtos, ac yn gwasgaru ei aelodau ar y m\u00f4r er mwyn arafu ei thad sy&#8217;n ei herlid, gan ei orfodi i stopio i gasglu&#8217;r darnau. Mae fersiynau eraill yn lliniaru neu&#8217;n newid y weithred hon.<\/p><p>Hyd yn oed yn y cyfnod cynnar hwn mae natur ddeuol Medea, sy&#8217;n nodweddu ei holl <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span>, yn dod i&#8217;r amlwg. Mae hi&#8217;n gynorthwywraig ac yn achubwraig i Iason, ond yn barod hefyd am drais eithafol.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwilwyr yn pwysleisio bod Medea wedi&#8217;i chreu fel gwraig o wlad bell sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2 hud, peth a&#8217;i gwnaeth yn ddeniadol a bygythiol i&#8217;r meddwl Groegaidd ar yr un pryd. Ceir cymeriadau tebyg o gelfyddyd hud yn Circe, modryb Medea.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33f65cf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"33f65cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa4de09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fa4de09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trasiedi Euripides a Lladd y Plant<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d221222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d221222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y darlun mwyaf grymus o gymeriad Medea a ddaw o&#8217;r drasiedi o&#8217;r un enw gan Euripides, a lwyfannwyd yn Athen ym mlwyddyn 431 CC.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ddrama&#8217;n dechrau ymhell wedi i Iason a Medea ffoi o Golchis a byw&#8217;n alltud yng Nghorinth. Mae Iason yn ymwrthod \u00e2 Medea er mwyn priodi merch y Brenin Creon, ac fel hynny sicrhau iddo&#8217;i hun sefyllfa well.<\/p><p>Portreadir ymateb Medea gan Euripides fel dial cyfrifiedig. Mae&#8217;n anfon i ferch y brenin wisg wenwynig a choron wenwynig, a&#8217;r rhai a lofruddia&#8217;r ferch a Creon, sy&#8217;n rhuthro i&#8217;w chynorthwyo.<\/p><p>Yna mae Medea&#8217;n penderfynu lladd ei phlant ei hun, a genhedlwyd gyda Iason, er mwyn ei daro yn y modd mwyaf poenus posibl. Diwedda&#8217;r ddrama \u00e2 Medea&#8217;n dianc ar gerbyd draig a anfonwyd gan Helios, tra bo Iason yn aros wedi ei ddryllio.<\/p><p>Bu ysgolheigion yn dadlau ers hir amser a oedd y llofruddiaeth fwriadus gan y fam yn ddyfais Euripides. Cyn Euripides, ymddengys y bu fersiynau lle lladdwyd y plant gan drigolion Corinth, neu lle bu iddynt farw&#8217;n ddamweiniol. Ymddengys mai Euripides a briodolodd y weithred i&#8217;r fam ei hun, a thrwy hynny greu grym seicolegol y ddrama.<\/p><p>Enwog yw&#8217;r hunanymson hir lle mae Medea&#8217;n gwegian rhwng cariad mamol ac awydd am ddial. Mae&#8217;r hunanymson hwn yn un o&#8217;r testunau mwyaf dadansoddedig yn nhrasiedi&#8217;r hen fyd. Nid yw Euripides yn gwneud Medea&#8217;n fwystfil pur nac yn arwres bur.<\/p><p>Dengys wraig, a wthir gan sefyllfa ddiawdurdod fel estrones a wrthodwyd, i weithred y mae hi ei hun yn ei chanfod yn erchyll. Mae&#8217;r amwysedd hwn a gadwodd y ddrama&#8217;n rymus dros y canrifoedd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e0525 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14e0525\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83db15e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"83db15e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medea rhwng Swynwraig, Meddyges a Duwies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59c18bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"59c18bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;n anodd gosod Medea o fewn un categori yn nhraddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">llafar<\/span> yr hen fyd. Ymddengys fel dewines sy&#8217;n trin perlysiau, eliau a swynion, fel merch frenhinol ac wyres i Helios, ac mewn rhai traddodiadau hyd yn oed fel ffigwr anfarwol, dwyfol.<\/p><p>Mae ei chysylltiad \u00e2 chelfyddyd hud yn agos. Mae ffynonellau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">clasurol<\/span> yn ei chysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r dduwies Hecate, noddwraig <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>. Mae celfyddyd Medea&#8217;n cwmpasu niwed ac aileuogi fel ei gilydd.<\/p><p>Mewn episod adnabyddus, a ddisgrifir yn fanwl gan Ovid ymysg eraill yn ei waith <em>Metamorphoses<\/em>, mae Medea&#8217;n aileuogi&#8217;r hen Aeson, tad Iason, trwy amnewid ei waed \u00e2 sudd wedi&#8217;i baratoi o berlysiau.<\/p><p>Defnyddia&#8217;r un gelfyddyd i dwyllo pan mae&#8217;n perswadio merched Pelias i ddarnio eu tad, mewn gobaith ffug o&#8217;i aileuogi felly.<\/p><p>Mewn rhai traddodiadau lleol, yn enwedig yng Nghorinth, roedd gan Medea arwyddoc\u00e2d cwltig.<\/p><p>Ceid yno draddodiadau lle roedd ei phlant yn cael eu haddoli fel arwyr, o bosib mewn cysylltiad \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant trefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd \u00e2 phwysigrwydd crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span>. Mae rhai ysgolheigion wedi awgrymu bod ffigwr h\u0177n, a ystyrid yn ddwyfol, y tu \u00f4l i&#8217;r cymeriad llenyddol Medea, o bosib duwies warchodol neu dduwies iach\u00e2d. Fodd bynnag, mae&#8217;r ddamcaniaeth hon yn ddyfaliad ac yn destun anghytundeb ymhlith ysgolheigion.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ystod o iachawraig i lofrudd, o ferch frenhinol i dduwies, yn gwneud Medea&#8217;n un o&#8217;r cymeriadau mwyaf amlhaenog yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y straeon a draddodwyd am dduwiau diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Roeg. Rhaid i&#8217;r dosbarthiad academaidd gydnabod yr amlhaenogrwydd hwn, yn hytrach na&#8217;i leihau i un math yn unig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d8fed5f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d8fed5f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d90664 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d90664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dylanwad Parhaol Medea o Rufain hyd yr Oes Fodern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f546c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2f546c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae dylanwad Medea yn ymestyn yn ddi-dor o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Fyd<\/span> hyd heddiw. Yn Rhufain, ysgrifennodd yr athronydd a&#8217;r dramodydd trasiedi Seneca ei fersiwn ei hun o <em>Medea<\/em>, gan wneud y cymeriad yn fwy dwys o ran dial a nwyd ddiofal na fersiwn Euripides. Dylanwadodd fersiwn Seneca yn helaeth ar draddodiad theatr Ewrop yn y cyfnod modern cynnar.<\/p><p>Yn gelfyddyd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Fyd<\/span>, roedd Medea yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">fotiff<\/span> poblogaidd, er enghraifft ar luniau ar fasys ac ar furluniau Rhufeinig, a&#8217;r rhain yn aml yn ei dangos yn y foment cyn llofruddiaeth y plant, rhwng y cleddyf a llaw amheus. Mae murlun enwog o Pompeii yn darlunio&#8217;r rhwyg mewnol hwn i&#8217;r dim.<\/p><p>Yn y cyfnod modern, parhaodd Medea i fod yn destun canolog i&#8217;r llwyfan. Ysgrifennodd Pierre Corneille <em>M\u00e9d\u00e9e<\/em> yn yr 17eg ganrif, a chreodd Franz Grillparzer yn y 19eg ganrif addasiad Almaeneg amlwg yn y drioleg <em>Das goldene Vlie\u00df<\/em>, gan roi pwys arbennig ar estroniaeth Medea a&#8217;i methiant o fewn cymdeithas Roegaidd.<\/p><p>Yn yr 20fed ganrif, ysgrifennodd Christa Wolf ailddehongliad yn y nofel <em>Medea. Stimmen<\/em>, sy&#8217;n rhyddhau Medea o gyfrifoldeb dros lofruddiaeth y plant a&#8217;i phortreadu fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, deisyfiad neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberth<\/span> i gynllwynion gwleidyddol.<\/p><p>Fe fabwysiadodd opera a ffilm y stori hon hefyd, er enghraifft opera Luigi Cherubini a&#8217;r ffilm gan Pier Paolo Pasolini.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil yn esbonio&#8217;r presenoldeb parhaus hwn drwy nodi bod Medea yn ymgorffori gwrthdaro sylfaenol: rhwng menyw a chymdeithas wrywaidd, rhwng estron a phobl leol, rhwng cariad a dial. Mae pob cyfnod wedi rhoi pwyslais gwahanol ar y tensiynau hyn ac wedi ei ailddehongli yn \u00f4l hynny.<\/p>\n<p>Fel cymeriad <em>mytholegol<\/em>, mae Medea yn cyfuno meddygaeth Golchisaidd, addoliad Hecate, a thynged drasiedig; yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a naratifau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> llafar Groeg, saif rhwng bod yn offeiriades, dewines, a merch brenin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3455,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Medea","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Medea \u2013 Dewines Fytholegol y Groegiaid | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"daemonen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191436","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Medea \u2013 Dewines Fytholegol y Groegiaid | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i&#039;r duw haul Helios.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Medea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i&#039;r duw haul Helios.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/\",\"name\":\"Medea \u2013 Dewines Fytholegol y Groegiaid | iWell Guard\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Medea, dewines o Golchis ym mytholeg Groeg, darlun hanesyddol-eglurhaol\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?page_id=191134\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Medea\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cy\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Medea\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/medea\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"description\":\"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Medea \u2013 Dewines Fytholegol y Groegiaid | iWell Guard","description":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Medea","og_description":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Medea","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/","name":"Medea \u2013 Dewines Fytholegol y Groegiaid | iWell Guard","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","description":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Medea, dewines o Golchis ym mytholeg Groeg, darlun hanesyddol-eglurhaol"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?page_id=191134"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Medea"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cy"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Medea","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:26:07+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/medea\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_griechenland_medea.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Medea gan Apollonios ac Euripides: dewines o Golchis, offeiriades Hecate, mam a llofrudd. Merch Aietes, wyres i'r duw haul Helios."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191436\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}