{"id":191405,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191405"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"marid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/marid\/","title":{"rendered":"Marid"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191405\" class=\"elementor elementor-191405 elementor-2165 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marid, cythraul y traddodiad Islamaidd<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marid yw&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu ddeublyg.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span> y traddodiad Islamaidd, jini gwrthnysig o nerth eithriadol a natur wrthwynebus. Mae ei arwyddoc\u00e2d astudiaethau crefyddol yn gorwedd yn ymgorfforiad o annibyniaeth gosmig y tu allan i drefn ddwyfol, mewn dymonoleg fel grym niweidiol, ac ym mysteg Swfi fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mudiad crefyddol sy'n canolbwyntio ar brofiad uniongyrchol o Dduw.\" tabindex=\"0\">brawf<\/span> temtasiwn (Fitna) i gredinwyr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cythraul: Bod goruwchnaturiol ag effaith niweidiol neu amwys yn bennaf. Yn sefyll rhwng duwiau a dynion, yn achosi salwch, temtasiwn neu anlwc, a gaiff ei wrthsefyll trwy alwad, gwrthrychau amddiffynnol a defodau.\">Cythraul<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/islam\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Byd crefyddol Islamaidd ag archangylion, jinn a bodau crefyddol.\">Islam<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_marid-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193512\" alt=\"Marid \u2013 Duwiau o&apos;r traddodiad Islamaidd, darluniadol yn hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_marid-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_marid-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_marid-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_islam_marid.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Marid yn gweithredu fel tywysog jini a gwrthwynebydd. Mae ei briodoleddau&#8217;n cynnwys grym goruwchnaturiol, ystyfnigrwydd yn erbyn gorchymyn Duw, a gallu i demtio.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r mythau canolog yn cynnwys: Maridau yn hanes yr Orsedd-Aderyn (Swra 27:39, 40, lle mae&#8217;n rhaid i farid wasanaethu Solomon), y perygl i broffwydi gan Faridau (Hadith), Maridau fel arweinwyr jini gwrthryfelgar dan Iblis (Tafsir), a thraddodiadau mystig o brofion temtasiwn mewn testunau Swfi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg cyflym: Marid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Marid yn cael ei grybwyll yng nghoran (27:39, jini pwerus, Arabeg: marid) a&#8217;i ddatblygu mewn casgliadau Hadith (Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah). Priodolwyd y fframwaith yn y cyfnod Islamaidd cynnar (7fed ganrif). Mae&#8217;r ymchwil (Schimmel, Hughes, Wild, Schmoldt) yn dogfennu Maridau fel ffigwr dymonig amlwg mewn dymonoleg Islamaidd a thraddodiadau hudol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r parhad yn nodedig ac yn dangos gwreiddiad diwylliannol dwfn. Hyd yn oed yn amseroedd modern, mae&#8217;r cof yn fyw, wedi&#8217;i drawsffurfio&#8217;n aml, ond yn adnabyddadwy yn ei hanfod. Mae&#8217;r cyfansoddiad cyffredinol yn dangos sefydlogrwydd ac arwyddoc\u00e2d parhaus dros genedlaethau a chanrifoedd, sy&#8217;n tanlinellu dyfnder archdeipiol y ffigwr hwn.<\/p><h3>Dosbarthiad mytholegol<\/h3><p>Mae Marid yn ddosbarth o gythreuliaid neu jini pwerus yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Islamaidd. Mae Maridau ymhlith y mathau cryfaf a mwyaf peryglus o jini. C\u00e2nt eu crybwyll yn aml fel gwrthwynebwyr neu weision anfoddog. Mae eu safle&#8217;n un o amwysedd: creaduriaid t\u00e2n, rhydd a phwerus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd Marid wedi&#8217;i gyfyngu i ranbarthau penodol, ond yn adnabyddus ac yn cael ei barchu&#8217;n gyffredinol ar draws y byd Islamaidd. Boed mewn canolfannau trefol neu ranbarthau gwledig, boed ymhlith yr elit neu bobl gyffredin, roedd yr arwyddoc\u00e2d ysbrydol yn cael ei gydnabod a&#8217;i barchu&#8217;n gyson.<\/p><p>Mae hyn yn dangos r\u00f4l ganolog yn yr hunanddealltwriaeth ddiwylliannol. Roedd masnach, mudo a chyfnewid diwylliannol yn lledaenu ac yn sefydlogi&#8217;r addoliad, gan arwain at ddarluniad rhyfeddol o unffurf ar draws ardaloedd daearyddol a chyfnodau amser eang.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y ffynonellau cynradd yw&#8217;r Coran (27:39 crybwylliad Marid, 27:17, 44 hanes yr Orsedd-Aderyn gyda gallu jini, Arabeg, 7fed ganrif), casgliadau Hadith (Jami&#8217;at-Tirmidhi, Sunan Ibn Majah, Arabeg), gweithiau Tafsir (Tabari, Swra 27:39, Ibn Kathir), a llenyddiaeth hudol (Kitab al-Ghayb, Shams al-Ma&#8217;arif, Arabeg, 13eg ganrif).<\/p><p>Yn eilaidd, dadansoddodd Schimmel (Mystical Dimensions), Hughes (Dictionary of Islam), Wild (Islamic Demonology) a McLeod (Judeo-Islamic Angelology) r\u00f4l Marid fel grym dymonig ofnadwy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Caiff Marid ei ddarlunio \u00e2 rhai elfennau eiconograffig penodol sydd wedi&#8217;u codio&#8217;n symbolaidd ac sy&#8217;n dwyn arwyddoc\u00e2d dwfn. Mae&#8217;r elfennau hyn yn cyfleu&#8217;n ganolog swyddogaethau, ffynonellau grym, cyfrifoldeb a r\u00f4l gosmig y bod hwn. Mae&#8217;r system weledol yn caniat\u00e1u i&#8217;r rhai a fewnwyd a&#8217;r rhai diwylliannol gymhwys ddeall yr arwyddoc\u00e2d dwfn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r traddodiad yn disgrifio&#8217;r Marid gyda nodweddion cyson: ffurf enfawr, cysylltiad \u00e2&#8217;r m\u00f4r, y motiff o ysbryd wedi&#8217;i gaethiwo mewn poteli neu lestri, fel y datblygir yn chwedlau Mil a Un Nos. Yn barod mae&#8217;r Coran yn enwi yn Swra as-Saffat (37,7) y Satan gwrthryfelgar y mae&#8217;r nefoedd yn ei wylio. Trosglwyddwyd y nodweddion hyn dros ganrifoedd ac maent yn gwneud dosbarth y Marid o fewn dysgeidiaeth y jini yn glir wahanadwy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd Marid yn ganolog i&#8217;r arfer crefyddol a&#8217;r ddealltwriaeth feunyddiol yn y byd Islamaidd. Byddai pobl yn troi at y bod hwn mewn sefyllfaoedd critigol neu ar dymhorau seremon\u00efol penodol, gyda defodau strwythuredig, gwedd\u00efau neu offrymau. Cafodd yr arfer ei drosglwyddo&#8217;n fanwl gywir ac yn cael ei arwain yn aml gan offeiriaid neu arbenigwyr.<\/p><p>Parhaodd yr ymdrin \u00e2&#8217;r Maridau yn rhan o wybodaeth feunyddiol y byd Islamaidd am amser hir, gan y credwyd bod mesurau amddiffynnol yn angenrheidiol. Gwasanaethant wahanol ddibenion: bwriad adrodd y Coran a fformwl\u00e2u amddiffynnol oedd atal gafael y jini gwrthryfelgar rhag y cychwyn, ceisiodd swynwyr ddatrys pla presennol, a dengys y motiff o gaethiwo mewn llestr wedi&#8217;i selio, yn hysbys o Mil a Un Nos, yr ymdrech i reoli&#8217;n barhaol y dosbarth ysbrydol hwn.<\/p><h3>Ymddangosiad a symboliaeth<\/h3><p>Darlunnir Maridau fel bodau enfawr, dychrynllyd, yn aml \u00e2 chroen du neu goch-danllyd ac adenydd. Gallant fabwysiadu ffurfiau gwahanol. Mae eu llygaid yn llosgi fel marwor. T\u00e2n ac aer terfysglyd yw eu symbolau. Mae cadwynau a seliau&#8217;n eu dal mewn rheolaeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Marid<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r proffil yn cofnodi Marid dros chwe dimensiwn: ei darddiad mewn traddodiadau dymonoleg Coranig a llenyddol, ei gynulleidfa darged ymhlith credinwyr fel temtasiwn a grym dewiniol, nodweddion eiconograffig t\u00e2n a d\u0175r o natur jini, ei r\u00f4l weithredol fel gwrthwynebydd a themtiwr, cymariaethau \u00e2 chythreuliaid Islamaidd a di-Islamaidd eraill, a&#8217;i r\u00f4l fel prawf (Fitna) mewn puredigaeth fystig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun Diwylliannol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymddengys Marid am y tro cyntaf yng Nghoran y 7fed ganrif, gyda gwreiddiau mewn traddodiadau jini Arabaidd a Semitig. Mae&#8217;r tarddiad daearyddol yng Ninas Gorynys Arabia, yn arbennig anialwch a chyrff d\u0175r fel cynefinoedd jini.<\/p><p>Dyddiad y crybwylliad cyntaf yw Coran 27:39 (cyfnod Mecca, 610-632 OC). Digwyddodd y fframio theolegol fel dosbarth jini gwrthnysig yn esboniadau Hadith a thraethodau hudol (13eg-15fed ganrif).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa darged Marid<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd Marid yn anelu&#8217;n bennaf at bobl gyda chysylltiadau dymonig neu fwriadau hudol. Y gynulleidfa darged yw dewiniau (Sahirun), y rhai a demtiwyd (a orchfygir gan Faridau), credinwyr mewn cyfnodau temtasiwn, a dechreuwyr mystig heb ddigon o amddiffyniad. Yr achlysuron yw oriau&#8217;r nos (amser gweithgarwch jini), unigrwydd, aflendid (seremon\u00efol), ac anofal ynghylch gorchymyn Duw. Mae&#8217;r cyswllt yn digwydd yn erbyn ewyllys yn hytrach na&#8217;i ddymuno.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marid yn eiconograffaidd: ffigwr dieflig, nerthol gyda nodweddion goruwchnaturiol. Darluniad nodweddiadol: enfawr, yn ymgorffori elfennau t\u00e2n a d\u0175r, lliw du neu goch, weithiau ag adenydd, cyrn neu nodweddion anifeilaidd. Ei briodoleddau yw cadwynau (rhwymiad Solomon), anadl d\u00e2n, a nerth d\u0175r. Yn chwedlau Arabaidd a disgrifiadau jinn: erchyll, ac anodd ei drechu bron.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gweithgaredd<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Yn nemonoleg Islamaidd glasurol, mae&#8217;r <em>M\u0101rid<\/em> (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f, lluosog <em>maraid<\/em>) yn cynrychioli&#8217;r dosbarth mwyaf nerthol a gwrthryfelgar o&#8217;r jinn, gan sefyll uwchben y dosbarthau is o <em>jinn<\/em> (yn ei ystyr cyfyngedig), <em>shaitan<\/em>, <em>\u02bfifr\u012bt<\/em> a <em>ghul<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Cwran eisoes yn cyfeirio at y M\u0101rid mewn fformwla gosb (Sura 37:7: &#8220;Rydym wedi addurno&#8217;r nen \u00e2 s\u00ear, a&#8217;i gwarchod rhag pob shaitan gwrthryfelgar\/<em>shaitan m\u0101rid<\/em>&#8220;).<\/p><p>Mae cylchoedd naratif <em>Mil a Un Nos<\/em>, yn enwedig y straeon am Solomon (<em>Sulayman<\/em>) a&#8217;i fodrwy s\u00eal, yn priodoli i&#8217;r M\u0101rid y gallu i symud mynyddoedd, gwahanu moroedd, ac ymddangos mewn lleoedd pellennig.<\/p><p>Yn y traddodiad cyfrinachol-ocwlt (al-B\u016bn\u012b, <em>Shams al-Ma\u02bf\u0101rif<\/em>, y 13eg ganrif), maent yn cael eu hystyried yn wesyddion uchaf y byd anweledig, ac ni ellir eu rhwymo ond drwy enwau mwyaf nerthol Duw a swynion s\u00eal.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfryngau Amddiffynnol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ystyrid Marid yn niweidiol ac anhydrin. Roedd arferion diogelu&#8217;n cynnwys gwedd\u00efau (Dua) i ofyn am amddiffyniad Allah rhag Marids, adrodd fersiau Cwranig (Ayat al-Kursi, Sura 2:255), defnyddio <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwrthrych a wisgir sy'n cael ei gredu i fod ag effaith amddiffynnol yn erbyn drwg.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> amddiffynnol ag Enwau Sanctaidd Allah (Taweez), a phuredigaeth ddefodol (Wudhu).<\/p><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mudiad crefyddol sy'n canolbwyntio ar brofiad uniongyrchol o Dduw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gyfriniaeth<\/span> Sufi, ystyrid Marids yn brawf (Fitna) i&#8217;r credadun ei orchfygu drwy nerth ysbrydol. Roedd yr amddiffyniad yn gorwedd yn agosrwydd at orchymyn Allah (Taqwa).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffigyrau cymharol yn Islam: Iblis (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span> pennaf, ond yn statws <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn y crefyddau Abrahamig, cennad nefol Duw.\" tabindex=\"0\">angel<\/span> syrthiedig), Shayatin (cythreuliaid cyffredinol, ond llai nerthol), dosbarthau eraill o jinn (Qarin, Afrit). Y tu allan i Islam: Azazel Iddewig (pennaeth <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span>), cythreulwyr Cristnogol (Belsebwb, Mammon), Lamashtu Mesopotamaidd (cythreules anhydrin). Mae&#8217;r cyfuniad o nerth elfennaidd a gwrthwynebiad yn nodweddu Marid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marid, cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Mariedon ymhlith y dosbarthiadau mwyaf pwerus o Jini, ac yn gweithredu fel cyswllt swyddogaethol rhwng Yaksha byd India a Daimonau&#8217;r byd M\u00f4r Canoldir hwyr-hynafol. Yn wahanol i ysbrydion unffurf-ddrwg y rhan fwyaf o draddodiadau eraill, mae&#8217;r Mariedon yn amwys yn nemonoleg Islamaidd: gellir eu troi at ffydd, gallant ymrwymo i gytundeb, a hyd yn oed wasanaethu yn nhraddodiad Solomon.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Traddodiad Iddewig:<\/strong> Cyfatebiaeth Iddewig: Azazel (tywysog <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span>, bwch dihangol) neu Samael (archangel demonig). Y gwahaniaeth: natur wreiddiol Jini yw&#8217;r Marid, nid bod syrthiedig; mae Samael\/Azazel yn fodau angylaidd syrthiedig. Maent yn rhannu&#8217;r swyddogaeth wrthwynebus.<\/p><p><strong>Byd Groeg-Rufeinig:<\/strong> Cyfatebiaeth Roegaidd: Typhon (grym anhrefn), Cewri, neu Deitaniaid. Y gwahaniaeth: mae&#8217;r rhain yn wrthwynebwyr duwiau mewn cosmogoni; grym demonig bob dydd yw&#8217;r Marid. Yn agosach: yr Harp\u00efaid neu&#8217;r Cythreuliaid (bodau drygionus \u00e2 rheolaeth dros elfennau).<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Cyfatebiaeth Fesopotamaidd: Tiamat (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span> anhrefn, gwrthwynebydd Marduk), Labartu neu Lamashtu (cythreules wrthnysig). Mae&#8217;r Marid a&#8217;r grymoedd hyn yn rhannu&#8217;r wrthwynebiaeth gosmig a&#8217;r grym elfennol. Ond mae&#8217;r Marid yn fwy unigolyddol a rhyngweithiol.<\/p><p><strong>India\/Asia:<\/strong> Cyfatebiaeth Indiaidd: Asuras (gwrthrymoedd demonig, Hind\u0175aidd) neu Rakshasas (dosbarth o gythreuliaid). Maent yn rhannu&#8217;r swyddogaeth wrthwynebus a demoniol. Cyfatebiaeth Fwdhaidd: Maras neu Yaksha demonig \u00e2 grym goruwchnaturiol a demoniol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9017bf9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp9017bf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1845ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb1845ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Marid yng nghlasuriad y jinn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb5e4d0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb5e4d0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1e5b2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpb1e5b2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Marid yn perthyn i ddosbarth eang y jinn, y bodau hynny a gr\u00ebwyd o d\u00e2n di-fwg sy&#8217;n sefyll rhwng yr angylion a&#8217;r bodau dynol yn y byd-olwg Islamaidd. O fewn y dosbarth hwn ceisiodd ysgolheictod Islamaidd sefydlu gwahanol drefniannau, ac mewn nifer o&#8217;r dosraniadau hyn mae&#8217;r Marid yn ymddangos fel is-gr\u0175p arbennig o nerthol.<\/p><p>Mae dosraniad cyffredin, er nad yw&#8217;n cael ei drosglwyddo&#8217;n unffurf, yn gwahaniaethu rhwng nifer o fathau o jinn yn \u00f4l nerth a drygioni. Mae&#8217;r <em>jinn<\/em> syml yn cynrychioli&#8217;r genws cyffredinol, mae&#8217;r <em>\u02bfifrit<\/em> yn cynrychioli cynrychiolwyr arbennig o gryf a pheryglus, mae&#8217;r <em>shaytan<\/em> yn cynrychioli&#8217;r rhai sy&#8217;n tueddu at ddrygioni, a&#8217;r <em>marid<\/em> yn cynrychioli&#8217;r bodau mwyaf nerthol, y disgrifir yn aml fel bodau herfeiddiol ac anhydrin.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r gair Arabaidd <em>m\u0101rid<\/em> ei hun yn golygu &#8220;gwrthryfelgar&#8221;, &#8220;herfeiddiol&#8221;, &#8220;cyndyn&#8221; ac yn perthyn i wreiddyn sy&#8217;n dynodi gwrthryfel a gwrthsafiad.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n bwysig nodi nad yw&#8217;r dosraniad hwn yn ddysgeidiaeth sefydlog yn y Cwran. Mae&#8217;r <em>Cwran<\/em> yn s\u00f4n am y jinn fel creadigaeth wahanol, am eu gallu i gredu neu anghredu, ac am eu cyfrifoldeb gerbron Duw, ond nid yw&#8217;n cydnabod y dosraniad diweddarach a mwy manwl yn <em>\u02bfifrit<\/em>, <em>marid<\/em> a mathau eraill yn y ffurf hon.<\/p><p>Datblygodd y drefn raddedig hon yn niweddarach mewn llenyddiaeth \u00f4l-Cwranig, mewn traddodiad gwerin, ac yn arbennig mewn llenyddiaeth naratif. Mae&#8217;r Marid felly&#8217;n llai o wrthrych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw a chred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">diwinyddiaeth<\/span> nag o&#8217;r byd-olwg poblogaidd, lle mae&#8217;n dal safle&#8217;r jinn cryfaf a&#8217;r anoddaf i&#8217;w ddisgyblu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb11cd64 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb11cd64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e744d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2e744d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Marid ym Mil a Un Nos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc514abc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc514abc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp642390a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp642390a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cartref llenyddol mwyaf adnabyddus y Marid yw&#8217;r casgliad <em>Mil a Un Nos<\/em>, y corpws hwnnw o chwedlau Arabaidd a dyfodd dros ganrifoedd.<\/p><p>Ynddo, ymddengys dsiniau o bob math, a&#8217;r Marid yw&#8217;r cryfaf yn eu plith, yn aml o faintioli aruthrol, gyda nerth goruwchddynol a&#8217;r gallu i deithio pellteroedd maith mewn amrantiad neu i godi adeiladau cyfan.<\/p><p>Elfen nodweddiadol o&#8217;r chwedlau yw&#8217;r berthynas rhwng y Marid a chymar dynol. Mewn llawer o&#8217;r hanesion mae&#8217;r dsin nerthol wedi&#8217;i rwymo i wrthrych, modrwy, lamp, potel neu s\u00eal, ac fe&#8217;i gorfodir i wasanaethu pwy bynnag sy&#8217;n meddu ar y gwrthrych hwnnw neu&#8217;n gwybod y fformwla briodol.<\/p><p>Mae tensiwn y chwedlau hyn yn deillio o&#8217;r bwlch rhwng nerth anhygoel y bod a&#8217;i gaethiwed gorfodol. Gall y Marid gyflawni dymuniadau, ond mae&#8217;n beryglus ar y pryd hefyd, gan y gall gyflawni gorchmynion yn \u00f4l eu llythrennedd yn hytrach nag yn \u00f4l y bwriad.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil ar lenyddiaeth naratif yn pwysleisio nad gwerslyfr crefyddol yw <em>Mil a Un Nos<\/em>, ond llenyddiaeth adloniannol sy&#8217;n cydio mewn syniadau crefyddol ac yn eu llunio&#8217;n rhydd. Felly ni ellir cyfateb yn ddiwah\u00e2n Marid y chwedlau hyn \u00e2 Marid y meddwl diwinyddol neu grefyddol gwerin.<\/p><p>Serch hynny, y ffurf lenyddol hon a fu \u00e2&#8217;r dylanwad mwyaf ar y canfyddiad diweddarach. Trwy&#8217;r cyfieithiadau Ewropeaidd o&#8217;r ddeunawfed ganrif ymlaen, daeth y ddelwedd o&#8217;r ysbryd wedi&#8217;i rwymo i lamp, yn gyflawnwr dymuniadau, yn adnabyddus ar draws y byd, ac ymrannodd o&#8217;i gyd-destun gwreiddiol yn <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/islam\/\">byd meddwl Islamaidd<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp65a8e75 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp65a8e75\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpded7bfc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpded7bfc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Marid yng nghrefydd y gwerin a'r arferion consurio<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp71dfbdb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp71dfbdb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ad8734 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ad8734\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ochr yn ochr \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw a chred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">theoleg<\/span> a llenyddiaeth naratif, mae trydedd haen o draddodiad y mae&#8217;r Marid yn ymddangos ynddi: crefydd werin fyw a&#8217;r ymarfer hudol cysylltiedig mewn gwahanol ranbarthau o&#8217;r byd Islamaidd. Yn yr haen hon mae&#8217;r Marid yn rhan o fyd ysbrydion cymhleth y mae pobl yn cyfrif ag ef yn eu bywyd bob dydd, heb i hynny gyfateb o reidrwydd i&#8217;r grefydd ddysgedig.<\/p><p>Yn yr haen hon, ystyrir y Marid y dsin mwyaf pwerus a&#8217;r anoddaf i&#8217;w reoli. Mewn rhai ardaloedd, priodolwyd rhai clefydau, yn enwedig cystuddiau difrifol, hirfaith neu anesboniadwy, i weithredoedd Marid.<\/p><p>Mewn adroddiadau am yr hyn a elwir yn feddiannaeth hefyd, ymddengys y Marid yn ymyrrwr arbennig o wydn, yn anos ei alltudio na dsin cyffredin. Bu iachawyr a phersonau a briodolwyd iddynt brofiad wrth ymdrin \u00e2 byd yr ysbrydion yn ymwneud \u00e2 dulliau o dawelu, rwymo neu orfodi&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod anghorfforol y priodolir dylanwad iddo yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span> o&#8217;r fath i gilio.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil astudiaethau crefydd, er enghraifft y gwaith ar y syniad o dsiniau yn Islam gwerin, yn rhybuddio yma am ddwbl ofal. Yn gyntaf, mae&#8217;r traddodiadau rhanbarthol yn amrywio&#8217;n fawr, felly nid oes darlun unffurf o&#8217;r Marid mewn crefydd werin. Yn ail, mae&#8217;r ymarfer hwn mewn perthynas dyndra \u00e2&#8217;r ddysgeidiaeth Islamaidd normadol, sydd fel arfer yn gwrthod consurio ysbrydion ac ymarferion hudol.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Marid felly&#8217;n esiampl dda o gymhlethdod realiti crefyddol: ymddengys y ffurf hon o&#8217;r bron ddim yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw a chred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">theoleg<\/span>, fel cyflawnwr dymuniadau mawreddog mewn llenyddiaeth naratif, a fel grym clefyd ofnadwy yng nghrefydd y werin. Pa un o&#8217;r haenau hyn a ystyrir sy&#8217;n dibynnu ar y ffynhonnell, ac nid yw&#8217;n bosibl eu cyfieithu i&#8217;w gilydd yn ddidrafferth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ghul\/\">Ghul, dosbarth is o dsiniau<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ifrit\/\">\u02bfIfr\u012bt, dosbarth pwerus cysylltiedig o dsiniau<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/shayatin\/\">Shayatin, perthnasau satanaidd i&#8217;r dsiniau<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/islam\/\">Traddodiad Islamaidd, cyd-destun cyffredinol<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>El-Zein, Amira: <em>Islam, Arabs, and the Intelligent World of the Jinn<\/em>. Syracuse UP, Syracuse 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>MacDonald, D. B.: Art. \u201eDjinn&#8221;, yn: <em>Encyclopaedia of Islam<\/em>, 2. arg. Brill, Leiden 1965.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Henninger, Joseph: <em>Geisterglaube bei den vorislamischen Arabern<\/em>. Yn: <em>Festschrift Paul Schebesta<\/em>, Wien 1963.<\/span><\/li><li>Doutt\u00e9, Edmond: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hud<\/span> et religion dans l&#8217;Afrique du Nord<\/em>. Algier 1909.<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lebling, Robert: <em>Legends of the Fire Spirits<\/em>. I.B. Tauris, London 2010.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burge, Stephen R.: <em>Angels in Islam<\/em>. Routledge, London 2012.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-marid-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-marid-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-marid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-marid-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-marid-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Mae&#8217;r arfer diogelu a ddisgrifir yma yn ddosbarthiad gwyddonol o draddodiadau hanesyddol. Mae iWell Guard yn cysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r llinach ddiwylliannol-hanesyddol hon o wrthrychau diogelu cludadwy ac yn cynrychioli ffurf gyfoes ohoni. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1745,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marid","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marid \u2013 Jini o nerth eithriadol","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marid yw'r llwyth jini mwyaf pwerus ym mythdiroedd gwerin Arabaidd. 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