{"id":191390,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:57","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191390"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"manjushri","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/manjushri\/","title":{"rendered":"Manjushri"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191390\" class=\"elementor elementor-191390 elementor-2129 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri, duw'r draddodiad Bwdhaidd<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Duw yn nhraddodiad Bwdhaeth yw Manjushri.<\/p><p><strong>Y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mwdhaeth Mahayana, un a oleuwyd sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad ei hun er mwyn y ddysgeidiaeth i fodau eraill.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> y doethineb, gyda chleddyf t\u00e2n yr wybodaeth.<\/strong> Manjushri yw&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mwdhaeth Mahayana, un a oleuwyd sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad er mwyn y ddysgeidiaeth i fodau eraill.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> y doethineb drosgynnol (*Prajna*), un ifanc, goleuedig a disglair, y mae ei gleddyf yn hollti tywyllwch anwybodaeth mewn amrantiad. Yn un llaw mae&#8217;n dal y cleddyf llosgi hwn, ac yn y llaw arall lyfr lotws yn dwyn doethineb y sutras.<\/p><p>Gyda gwallt cyrliog cochlyd a wyneb addfwyn, mae Manjushri yn eistedd ar lew, nid fel brenin, ond fel athro sy&#8217;n dysgu pob un a wrandawa. Mae ei addoliad yn ganolog i Fwdhaeth Dibet a Dwyrain Asia.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Y grym uchaf personol ym mantheon diwylliant, gyda meysydd cyfrifoldeb clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. C\u00e2nt eu haddoli drwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/bwdhaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Traddodiad Bwdhaidd gyda bodhisattvas, duwiau gwarcheidwadol, ysbrydion newynog a gwarchodwyr uffern.\">Bwdhaeth<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 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24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193702\" alt=\"Manjushri \u2013 duwiau o draddodiad Bwdhaeth, arddull hanesyddol-ddarluniadol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_buddhismus_manjushri.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar Gipolwg: Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Cerbyd Mawr'; un o'r tair prif draddodiad Bwdhaeth, gyda delfryd Bodhisattva a myfyrdod athronyddol datblygedig.\">Mahayana<\/span> Bodhisattva Bwdhaidd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mwdhaeth Mahayana, un goleuedig sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad er lles y ddysgeidiaeth i fodau eraill.\">Bodhisattva<\/span>, ymgnawdoliad y ddoethineb uchaf (Praj\u00f1\u0101)<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Bwdhaeth <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cerbyd Mawr; un o'r tair prif draddodiad Bwdhaeth, gyda delfryd Bodhisattva.\">Mahayana<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"'Cerbyd Diemwnt'; ffurf tantrig ar Fwdhaeth Mahayana, yn bennaf yn Tibet, gyda phraeth Yidam a thechneg mantra ynganolog.\">Vajrayana<\/span><br>Swyddogaeth: doethineb, cleddyf sy&#8217;n torri anwybodaeth, noddwr y ddysgeidiaeth a&#8217;r astudio<br>Prif briodoleddau: cleddyf (Khadga, yn torri anwybodaeth), llyfr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mhind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101 ar lotws, gorsedd lotws, llew fel anifail marchogaeth<br>Prif safle addoli: Mynydd Wutai (Shanxi, Tsieina, un o bedwar mynydd sanctaidd Bwdhaidd)<br>Tibeteg: Jamp\u00e4l, Japaneg: Monju Bosatsu<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cofnodwyd Manju&scaron;ri ers y sutrau Mahayana cynnar (1af&ndash;2il ganrif OC), yn ganolog yn arbennig yn y sutrau <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;<\/em>. Prif gyfnod bri addoliad Manju&scaron;ri yn Tsieina: cyfnodau Tang a Song (gyda chanolfan gwlt Mynydd Wutai). Yn Nhibet yn ganolog ers yr 8fed ganrif; ystyrir bod llawer o athrawon (yn arbennig Sakya Pa&#7751;&#7693;ita, Tsongkhapa) yn ymgnawdoliadau o Manju&scaron;ri. Yn nhraddodiad Sakya, mae&#8217;n ganolog fel prif yidam myfyrdod.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Prif safle addoli: <strong>Mynydd Wutai<\/strong> (Shanxi, Tsieina, un o bedwar mynydd sanctaidd Bwdhaidd Tsieina, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wedi'i drosglwyddo i'r sanctaidd trwy weithred grefyddol, ac felly wedi'i godi uwchlaw'r cyffredin.\" tabindex=\"0\">cysegredig<\/span> iddo fel cartref daearol Manjushri; mae&#8217;r <em>traddodiad Wutaishan<\/em> yn un o&#8217;r cyrchfannau pererindod Bwdhaidd Tsieineaidd pwysicaf ers dros 1500 mlynedd). Ynghyd \u00e2 mynachlogydd Sakya a Gelug Tibetaidd, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> Tendai a Shingon Japaneaidd (fel Monju Bosatsu), a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> Bwdhaidd Corea a Fietnam.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau canolog: sutrau <em>Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;<\/em> (yn arbennig Manju&scaron;ri-Praj&ntilde;&acirc;p&acirc;ramit&acirc;), <em>Manju&scaron;ri-m&ucirc;la-kalpa<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Traddodiad crefyddol-seremon\u00efol yn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth gyda dysgeidiaeth am begynau ynni.\">Tantra<\/span>), <em>Aryamanju&scaron;ri-Mulakalpa<\/em>, <em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> (emyn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Y Cerbyd Diemwnt; ffurf tantrig ar Fwdhaeth Mahayana, yn bennaf yn Nhibet, gyda ymarfer Yidam yn ganolog.\">Vajrayana<\/span> canolog, ailadrodd 162 enw Manju&scaron;ri). Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Williams, <em>Mahayana Buddhism<\/em>; Lopez, <em>Religions of Tibet in Practice<\/em>; Cabez&oacute;n, <em>The Buddha&rsquo;s Doctrine and the Nine Vehicles<\/em>; Birnbaum, <em>Studies on the Mysteries of Manjusri<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a ffurfiau ysgrifenedig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Manjushri fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mwdhaeth Mahayana, un a oleuwyd sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad er mwyn y ddysgeidiaeth i fodau eraill.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> ifanc a hardd \u00e2 gwallt cyrliog cochlyd, yn aml mewn gwisgoedd sidan. Mae ei brif law yn chwyrl\u00efo cleddyf sy&#8217;n llosgi mewn fflamau, cleddyf y doethineb sy&#8217;n hollti anwybodaeth.<\/p><p>Yn y llaw arall mae&#8217;n dal llyfr ar lotws cochlyd, yn symboleiddio&#8217;r sutras neu&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Fformwla sillafau neu eiriau a ailadroddir yn seremon\u00efol gydag effaith drawsffurfiol; ganolog mewn traddodiadau Indiaidd, wedi'i addasu yn y Gorllewin fel ymarfer Decree.\">mantra<\/span> <em>Prajna Paramita<\/em>. Mae&#8217;n marchogaeth llew, nid fel marchog, ond gan fod y llew ei hun yn ddoethineb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri yw&#8217;r athro doethineb. Nid arf i ddifetha yw ei gleddyf, ond un i dorri drwy&#8217;r tywyllwch. Mewn Manjushri-Sadhana, dychmygir ef fel yr athro mewnol, y mae ei gleddyf tanllyd yn torri drwy anwybodaeth y sawl sy&#8217;n ymarfer.<\/p><p>Adroddir y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ffurf ddefodol o sillafau neu eiriau a adroddir dro ar \u00f4l tro \u00e2 grym trawsnewidiol; yn ganolog i draddodiadau Indiaidd.\">mantra<\/span> <em>Om Ah Ra Pa Cha Na Dhih<\/em> i buro&#8217;r meddwl a chyrraedd doethineb. Mewn ysgolion traddodiadol, adroddir bod Manjushri yn dod yn uniongyrchol i freuddwyd y credadun i addysgu.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddangosiad a symbolaeth<\/strong><\/p><p>Darlunnir <em>Manjushri<\/em> fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Bwdhaeth Mahayana, un goleuedig sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad ei hun er mwyn dysgu bodau eraill.\">bodhisattva<\/span> ifanc \u00e2 chroen lliw pinc. Yn ei law dde mae&#8217;n dal cleddyf tanllyd sy&#8217;n torri drwy anwybodaeth. Mae ei law chwith yn dal coesyn lotws gyda llawysgrif y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Lotws. Ei anifail cludo yw&#8217;r llew, sy&#8217;n cynrychioli grym ymerodrol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yr agweddau pwysicaf ar Manjushri ar gip. Mae&#8217;r meysydd isod yn crynhoi tarddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chydweddiadau diwylliannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun Diwylliannol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daw Manjushri (&bdquo;y disgleirdeb tyner&ldquo;) i fod yn nhraddodiad cynnar Mahayana fel ymgorfforiad y doethineb goruchaf (Prajna). Ynghyd ag <em>Avalokitesvara<\/em> (tosturi) ac <em>Samantabhadra<\/em> neu <em>Vajrapani<\/em> (arfer neu rym), mae&#8217;n ffurfio triawd y bodhisattvau canolog.<\/p><p>Ystyrir yn dad pob bodhisattva mewn un traddodiad (&bdquo;mam pob Bwdha&ldquo;). Yn y traddodiad hanesyddol, cysylltir ef \u00e2 lledaeniad Bwdhaeth i Tsieina; dywed rhai ffynonellau ei fod yn ymddangos ar Fynydd Wutai i ddysgu mynachod Tsieineaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa Manjushri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymgorfforiad <em>Prajna<\/em> (y doethineb goruchaf, gwybodaeth am wacter). Noddwr athrawon, myfyrwyr, ymgeiswyr arholiadau a gwybodusion. Mae ei <em>gleddyf<\/em> yn torri gwraidd anwybodaeth (<em>avidya<\/em>). Yng nghyd-destun ymarfer personol, hwn yw&#8217;r bodhisattva a alwir arno ar ddechrau astudiaethau, cyn arholiadau ac wrth ymchwilio. Yn draddodiad Sakya mae&#8217;n ganolog fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Bwdhaeth Tibetaidd, duwdod myfyrdod y mae ymarferwr yn uniaethu ag ef er mwyn ymgorffori agweddau ar ddeffroad.\">yidam<\/span>; ystyrir y <em>Manjushri-Nama-Samgiti<\/em> yn ddatganiad gwirionedd goruchaf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Darluniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bodhisattva ifanc a hardd \u00e2 chroen euraidd (weithiau oren), yn eistedd mewn ystum lotws ar lew neu lotws. <em>Cleddyf<\/em> (Khadga, yn aml yn fflamllyd) yn y llaw dde godedig, sef y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Manjushri enwocaf. <em>Llyfr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mhind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/em> ar lotws yn y llaw chwith.<\/p><p>Yn gwisgo coron bum-pigfain, gwisg werthfawr, a thlysau. Ffurf ddig: <em>Yamantaka<\/em> (Vajrabhairava), gorchfygwr Yama, ffurf \u00e2 phen byfflo a chwe braich ar bymtheg. Yn Siapan, fel <em>Monju Bosatsu<\/em>, fe&#8217;i darlunnir yn aml gyda&#8217;r llew fel anifail marchogaeth (Shishi).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Addolir Manjushri ym mhob <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y Cerbyd Mawr; un o dri phrif draddodiad Bwdhaeth, gyda delfryd y bodhisattva.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mahayana<\/span>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span>, yn enwedig gan fyfyrwyr a gwybodusion. Mae&#8217;n arferol ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduwdod neu rym mewn ymbil.\" tabindex=\"0\">alw<\/span> cyn pob gwers Bwdhaidd. Yn Tibet, adroddir y <em>Manjushri-Nama-Samgiti<\/em> yn ddyddiol.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae pererindod Mynydd Wutai yn ganolog yn Tsieina ers dros 1500 mlynedd. Yn Japan, mae&#8217;n bresennol fel noddwr mewn ysgolion a phrifysgolion (yn y system addysg fodern). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduwdod neu rym mewn ymbil.\" tabindex=\"0\">Galwad<\/span> bersonol cyn arholiadau, cyn ymchwil, cyn penderfyniadau deallusol pwysig.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad Manjushri<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cleddyf (Khadga, yn aml yn danllyd), llyfr Prajnaparamita-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> ar lotws, llew fel anifail cludo (Shishi yn Japan), coron bumbig, gorsedd lotws. Yn ffurf wrathful Yamantaka: pen byfflo, llawer o freichiau, addurniadau asgwrn. Planhigion sanctaidd: lotws. Anifeiliaid sanctaidd: llew (anifail cludo). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ffurf ddefodol o sillafau neu eiriau a adroddir dro ar \u00f4l tro \u00e2 grym trawsnewidiol; yn ganolog i draddodiadau Indiaidd.\">Mantra<\/span> sanctaidd: <em>Om Ah Ra Pa Ca Na Dhi<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Avalokitesvara<\/em> (Bwdhaeth, partner triawd tosturi), <em>Samantabhadra<\/em> (Bwdhaeth, partner triawd arfer), <em>Vajrapani<\/em> (Bwdhaeth, bodhisattva rym), <em>Yamantaka<\/em> (ei ffurf wrathful ei hun), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (Hind\u0175aeth, duwies doethineb, cydweddiad rhannol, ac yn rhai traddodiadau tantrig gwraig Manjushri), <em>Thoth<\/em> (Yr Aifft, duw ysgrifenyddiaeth a doethineb), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Groeg, athro doethineb yn y traddodiad hermetig), <em>Nabu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, duw ysgrifenyddiaeth).<\/p><p>Ceir symbolaeth y cleddyf ar gyfer doethineb hefyd yn <em>Excalibur<\/em> ac yn y traddodiad Cristnogol (&bdquo;cleddyf yr Ysbryd&ldquo;).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Defodau addoli<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae Manjushri-Puja yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd \u00e2 phwys crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> ganolog i draddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cerbyd Mawr; un o'r tair prif draddodiad Bwdhaeth, gyda delfryd Bodhisattva.\">Mahayana<\/span>, gydag offrymau (blodau, arogldarth, goleuadau) o flaen delwau neu thangkas. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mhind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Gandavyuha (pen. 25) yn cofnodi&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Taith \u00e2 chymhelliad crefyddol i le sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">bererindod<\/span> at y Bodhisattva. Ymarfer cyfoes: llafarganu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sillaf neu fformiwla sanctaidd a adroddir dro ar \u00f4l tro mewn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> Manjushri (om a ra pa ca na dhih) yn ddyddiol, yn enwedig cyn cyfnodau astudio neu benderfyniadau ysbrydol. Mae ysgolion Bwdhaidd yn Tibet, Tsieina a Siapan yn cynnal gwyliau addoli blynyddol.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Consurio a galw<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sillaf neu fformiwla sanctaidd a adroddir dro ar \u00f4l tro mewn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">mantra<\/span> Manjushri, &#8220;om a ra pa ca na dhih&#8221; (chwe sillaf), yn un o&#8217;r mantras doethineb mwyaf pwerus, a&#8217;r sillafau&#8217;n cyfateb i nodweddion gwybyddiaeth (Dharmas). Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> Tsieineaidd yn defnyddio llafarganu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mhind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgeidiaeth ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> Manjushri. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd \u00e2 phwys crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">Defod<\/span> alw tantrig Tibetaidd: dychmygu Manjushri fel ffigwr yn dwyn cleddyf fflamllyd, i dorri drwodd ddryswch meddyliol. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a naratifau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">Traddodiad<\/span> Sansgrit yn y Mahavairocana-Tantra.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Amwletau a symbolau amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwrthrych a wisgir y priodolir iddo effaith amddiffynnol, i wrthsefyll drwg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Amwlet<\/span> Manjushri: platiau pres bach neu gerfiadau pren yn darlunio cleddyf doethineb. Amwletau Om Tibetaidd a lluniau thangka Manjushri mewn cysegrau cartref. Wedi&#8217;u dogfennu&#8217;n archeolegol: cerfluniau rhyddgerfiedig Manjushri yn Bamiyan (6ed ganrif) a chymhlethdodau teml ogof\u00e4u Mogao yn Tsieina. Mae omamori Japaneaidd (defnyddiau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwrthrych a wisgir y priodolir iddo effaith amddiffynnol, i wrthsefyll drwg.\" tabindex=\"0\">amwlet<\/span>) \u00e2 motiffau Manjushri ar gael mewn temlau yn Kyoto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri, cyfochrau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Manjushri yn debyg i Athena y Groegiaid, y ddau yn dduwiau doethineb a rhyfel (yn yr achos hwn, rhyfel ysbrydol yn erbyn anwybodaeth). Gyda Hermes-Thot (ysgrifen a gwybodaeth) mae&#8217;n rhannu&#8217;r priodoledd o&#8217;r llyfr.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cleddyf yn tanio yn dwyn i gof gleddyf tanllyd yr Archangel Michael neu&#8217;r deallusrwydd tanllyd mewn traddodiadau esoterig. Fodd bynnag, nid yw Manjushri yn ymladdgar fel y ffigyrau hyn, ond yn hollol athronyddol-drawsffurfiannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp593cf9b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp593cf9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf3a113c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf3a113c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cleddyf a llyfr: eiconograffeg doethineb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp794c071 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp794c071\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4d6783 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpa4d6783\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Manjushri yw&#8217;r bodhisattva doethineb berffaith, a mae ei ffurf ddarluniadol yn dangos y swyddogaeth hon yn syth.<\/p><p>Yn y darluniad clasurol, mae&#8217;n dal cleddyf ar d\u00e2n yn ei law dde, yn wynebu i fyny, ac mewn llaw chwith neu wrth ymyl ei ysgwydd chwith, llyfr, fel arfer y <em>Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/em>, testun perffeithrwydd doethineb, yn gorffwys ar flodyn lotus. Mae&#8217;r cleddyf yn torri drwy anwybodaeth, a&#8217;r llyfr yn ymgorffori&#8217;r ddysgeidiaeth ei hun.<\/p><p>Yn aml caiff Manjushri ei ddarlunio&#8217;n ieuenctid, sy&#8217;n cael ei danlinellu gan ei enw arall <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bkum\u0101rabh\u016bta<\/em>, Manjushri tragwyddol ieuenctid. Mae&#8217;r ieuenctid hwn yn cyfeirio at ffresni a phurdeb dirnadaeth, nid at anghyflawnder.<\/p><p>Ei anifail cludo mewn llawer o ffurfiau yw llew, y mae ei ruo yn sefyll dros gyhoeddiad dihidol y dysgeidiaeth. Mae lliw&#8217;r croen fel arfer oren-felyn, ac mewn ffurfiau tantrig mae&#8217;n ymddangos hefyd yn ddu, gwyn, neu mewn amrywiadau aml-freichiog ac aml-wynebog.<\/p><p>Yn gelfyddyd vajrayanaidd Tibet, Mongolia a&#8217;r Himalaya, mae ystod eang o ffurfiau Manjushri wedi datblygu, gan gynnwys yr <em>Arapacana<\/em>-Manjushri oren, a enwyd ar \u00f4l cyfres sillafau a ddefnyddir fel ei fantra hanfodol, yn ogystal \u00e2 ffurfiau dig fel Yamantaka, gorchfygwr duw&#8217;r farwolaeth, sy&#8217;n cael ei ystyried yn agwedd ddig ar Manjushri.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r amrywiaeth o ffurfiau yn ddadlennol o safbwynt astudiaethau crefyddol: mae&#8217;n dangos bod bodhisattva unigol yn gallu cael ei ddychmygu, yn dawel neu&#8217;n ddig, yn syml neu&#8217;n gymhleth iawn, yn dibynnu ar nod y ddefod. Mae tystiolaeth ddarluniadol gynnar yn mynd yn \u00f4l i gyfnod Gupta India; fodd bynnag, profodd Manjushri ei ddatblygiad eiconograffeg mwyaf yn nhraddodiad Dwyrain Asia a Thibet.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6284d60 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6284d60\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7afb125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7afb125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mynydd Wutai: sedd ddaearol Manjushri yn Tsieina<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1f3f81c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1f3f81c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp65c5f8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp65c5f8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un o nodweddion neilltuol Manjushri yw bod cartref daearyddol pendant yn cael ei briodoli iddo. Yn \u00f4l <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad gwybodaeth a naratifau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> Bwdhaidd, mae&#8217;n byw ar Fynydd Wutai (yn Tsiein\u00ebeg <em>W\u01d4t\u00e1i Sh\u0101n<\/em>, Mynydd y Pum Terfas) yn nhalaith Shanxi yng ngogledd Tsieina.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r lleoliad hwn yn seiliedig, ymhlith pethau eraill, ar y <em>Avatamsaka-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun addysgu cryno mewn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span><\/em>, lle sonnir am gartref Manjushri mewn mynyddoedd i&#8217;r gogledd-ddwyrain, a briodolwyd gan esbonwyr Tsieineaidd i Wutai.<\/p><p>Fel hyn daeth Wutai i fod yn un o bedwar mynydd sanctaidd Bwdhaidd Tsieina ac yn gyrchfan bererindod ryngwladol. Yn oes Tang eisoes, deuai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Person sy'n mynd ar daith wedi'i chymell yn grefyddol i le sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">pererinion<\/span> o Corea, Japan, Canolbarth Asia a Thibet i ddringo&#8217;r mynydd, gan obeithio cyfarfod \u00e2 Manjushri mewn gweledigaeth neu ar ffurf mynach neu gardotyn di-nod.<\/p><p>Gadawodd y mynach Japaneaidd Ennin ddisgrifiad taith manwl yn y 9fed ganrif, sy&#8217;n ffynhonnell bwysig i ymchwilwyr am arferion pererindod y cyfnod.<\/p><p>Mae arwyddoc\u00e2d Wutai yn ymestyn ymhell tu hwnt i Tsieina. Yn nhraddodiadau Tibet a Mongolia, roedd y mynydd hwn hefyd yn cael ei anrhydeddu fel safle Manjushri; teithiodd nifer o benaethiaid crefyddol Tibetaidd yno ar bererindod neu drefnu adeiladu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span>au yno.<\/p><p>Meddiannodd ymerawdwyr y Qing, a oedd hyd yn oed yn eu hunain yn cael eu cynnwys yn symboliaeth Manjushri, y mynydd fel lle a ddaeth ynghyd Tsieineaidd, Tibetaidd a Mongolaidd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yr ymarfer a'r agwedd grefyddol fyw a brofir gan berson.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefosiwn<\/span>. Yn hanesyddol grefyddol, mae Wutai felly&#8217;n enghraifft nodweddiadol o sut mae awgrym testunol wedi tyfu dros ganrifoedd i fod yn dirwedd sanctaidd wirioneddol a phwysig yn wleidyddol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe7dcb3d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe7dcb3d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp02833f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp02833f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Manjushri yn y Sutraau Mahayana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6e991a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6e991a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe71215c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe71215c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Manjushri yn un o&#8217;r Bodhisattvau sy&#8217;n ymddangos amlaf yn llenyddiaeth Mahayana, ac mae ei r\u00f4l yn y testunau&#8217;n llunio&#8217;i broffil yn gryfach nag unrhyw <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwedl<\/span> unigol. Yn llenyddiaeth <em>Praj\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101<\/em>, ef yw ymgorfforiad y dirnadaeth dreiddgar i wacter pob ymddangosiad.<\/p><p>Yn <em>Vimalak\u012brti-nirde\u015ba-S\u016btra<\/em>, ef yw&#8217;r unig un ymhlith y disgyblion mawr a&#8217;r Bodhisattvau sy&#8217;n meiddio ymweld \u00e2&#8217;r lleygwr claf Vimalakirti a chynnal gydag ef y ddeialog ddysgu enwog am Ddi-ddeuoliaeth.<\/p><p>Yn <em>Sutra&#8217;r Lotws<\/em>, mae Manjushri&#8217;n ymddangos fel cydymddiddanwr sy&#8217;n dysgu&#8217;r gynulleidfa am Buddhau&#8217;r gorffennol. Mae pennod a drafodwyd yn helaeth o&#8217;r un testun, lle mae merch wyth oed brenin y dreigiau&#8217;n cyrraedd goleuedigaeth ar unwaith, yn cael ei darllen yn aml mewn cysylltiad \u00e2 gwaith dysgu Manjushri.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bm\u016blakalpa<\/em>, testun helaeth sy&#8217;n cymysgu elfennau o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun dysgu cryno yn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">sutra<\/span> a thantra, yn rhoi cyfarwyddiadau defodol a mantrau, ac ar yr un pryd mae&#8217;n ffynhonnell bwysig ar gyfer hanes cynnar Bwdhaeth esoterig.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n werth nodi bod Manjushri&#8217;n cael ei ddarlunio mewn sawl testun fel Bodhisattva a oedd eisoes yn Buddha ei hun mewn gorffennol anfeidrol, neu a hyrwyddodd Buddhadod llawer o rai eraill. Mae&#8217;r honiad hwn yn ei godi uwchlaw statws disgybl cyffredin.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil, er enghraifft yng ngwaith \u00c9tienne Lamotte ar Manjushri, wedi ail-lunio o&#8217;r dystiolaeth wasgaredig fod y ffigwr wedi datblygu dros sawl canrif o fod yn gymeriad ymylol i fod yn ymgorfforiad canolog o&#8217;r ddelfryd doethineb, ochr yn ochr \u00e2 ffurfiant athroniaeth Mahayana ei hun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3b30889 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3b30889\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp671a352 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp671a352\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mantra, myfyrdod ac ymarfer tantrig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29cadf8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp29cadf8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12a3332 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp12a3332\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mewn ymarfer, mae Manjushri yn bresennol yn bennaf trwy ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sillaf neu fformwla sanctaidd a adroddir dro ar \u00f4l tro mewn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">fantra<\/span> ac ymarferion delweddu. Y fformwla fwyaf adnabyddus yw <em>o\u1e43 a ra pa ca na dh\u012b\u1e25<\/em>. Mae&#8217;r gyfres sillafau <em>arapacana<\/em> yn deillio o hen drefn lythrennau Indiaidd, ac fe ddaeth yn arf myfyrdod yn ymarfer Manjushri, lle mae pob sillaf yn gysylltiedig ag agwedd ar y dysgeidiaeth.<\/p><p>Ystyrir bod y sillaf hadyn olaf <em>dh\u012b\u1e25<\/em> yn ei brif fantra hanfodol; mewn rhai traddodiadau, caiff ei adrodd droeon ar ddiwedd y llafarganu.<\/p><p>Yn arfer Tibetaidd, ystyrir myfyrdod Manjushri yn arbennig o addas ar gyfer meithrin dealltwriaeth, cof a chraffter. Felly, argymhellir yn aml i fyfyrwyr a chynulwyr ac fe&#8217;i ymarferir cyn astudio neu cyn arholiadau.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n bwysig nodi&#8217;n wyddonol nad yw hyn yn ymwneud \u00e2 hwb perfformiad hudol, ond yn hytrach ag ymarfer traddodiadol o gasglu meddwl a chymhelliant; nid oes unrhyw addewidion iach\u00e2d ynghlwm \u00e2 hyn.<\/p><p>Ar lefel dantrig uwch, mae Manjushri yn ganolbwynt ei systemau ymarfer ei hun. Mae&#8217;r <em>Ma\u00f1ju\u015br\u012bn\u0101masa\u1e43g\u012bti<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn benodol gwasanaeth crefyddol cymuned ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">litwrgi<\/span> enwau Manjushri, yn destun litwrgaidd pwysig sy&#8217;n cael ei adrodd yn rheolaidd mewn llawer o ysgolion Tibetaidd.<\/p><p>Yn ymarfer Vajrayana, ymddangosa Manjushri hefyd yn ei ffurf ffyrnig fel Yamantaka, a gyfleir mewn cylchoedd cychwyniad a delweddu cymhleth, ac na ymarferir ond o dan arweiniad athrawon cymwys.<\/p><p>Yma hefyd, gwelir patrwm sylfaenol addoli Manjushri: gellir cyflawni un <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> unigol, sef torri anwybodaeth, mewn ymarfer astudio tawel yn union fel mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn benodol gwasanaeth crefyddol cymuned ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">litwrgi<\/span> dantrig strwythuredig iawn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbaeb612 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbaeb612\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpad1db13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpad1db13\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymgorfforiadau: penaethiaid crefyddol a llywodraethwyr fel Manjushri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp632f85d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp632f85d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp782caba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp782caba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un o nodweddion arbennig addoliad Manjushri yw bod pobl hanesyddol wedi cael eu dehongli fel amlygiadau ohono. Yn y traddodiad Tibetaidd, ystyrir cyfres o ysgolheigion mawr yn ymgorfforiadau o Manjushri, gan i&#8217;w craffter anghyffredin gael ei ddeall fel mynegiant o&#8217;i ddoethineb.<\/p><p>Y mwyaf adnabyddus yw Tsongkhapa, sylfaenydd yr ysgol Gelug yn y 14eg a&#8217;r 15fed ganrif, sy&#8217;n cael ei gysylltu&#8217;n draddodiadol yn agos \u00e2 Manjushri; dywedir hefyd iddo gael gweledigaethau o&#8217;r Bodhisattva.<\/p><p>Yn wleidyddol, y cysylltiad mwyaf arwyddocaol oedd hwnnw rhwng Manjushri ac ymerawdwyr Qing. Yn y ohebiaeth Tibet-Mongolaidd ac mewn arysgrifau cysegru, cyfeiriwyd at reolwyr Manchu fel Manjushri neu fe&#8217;u cysylltwyd ag ef.<\/p><p>Trafodir gan ymchwilwyr i ba raddau y cysylltwyd y term Manchu a&#8217;r enw Manjushri yn seinegol; ystyrir yn debygol fod llys Qing wedi defnyddio&#8217;r cyd-debygrwydd hwn yn ymwybodol at ddibenion ideolegol. Gwasanaethodd Mynydd Wutai fel llwyfan ar gyfer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yr agwedd a'r arferiad crefyddol byw a brofir gan berson.\" tabindex=\"0\">defosiwn<\/span> ymerodrol yn y cyd-destun hwn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r syniadau hyn am ymgnawdoliad yn ddadlennol yn wyddonol, gan eu bod yn dangos sut y gwreiddiwyd egwyddor haniaethol, sef doethineb, mewn unigolion penodol, a sut y gellid ei defnyddio hefyd at ddibenion cyfreithloni. Ar yr un pryd, arhosodd Manjushri yn y traddodiad ysgolheigaidd bob amser fel yr athro delfrydol, y crogai ei ddelw uwchben y ddesg, a llafarganwyd ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Sillaf neu fformiwla sanctaidd a lefarir dro ar \u00f4l tro mewn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">fantra<\/span> cyn astudio.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ystod felly&#8217;n ymestyn o ddelwedd ymerodrol amdano&#8217;i hun hyd at ymarfer tawel y mynach unigol, arwydd o ba mor amlhaenog y gallai addoliad un Bodhisattva ddod dros y canrifoedd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/avalokiteshvara\/\">Avalokitesvara, y bodhisattva tosturi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/samantabhadra\/\">Samantabhadra, y bodhisattva ymarfer<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/vajrapani\/\">Vajrap&acirc;ni, y bodhisattva grym<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yamantaka\/\">Yamantaka, ei ffurf wrathful ei hun<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/bwdhaeth\/\">Bwdhaeth, trosolwg pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-uchel\/\">Duwiau uwch, is-gategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarthiadau<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Birnbaum, Raoul: <em>Studies on the Mysteries of Manjusri<\/em>. Boulder 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Cabez&oacute;n, Jos&eacute; Ignacio: <em>The Buddha&rsquo;s Doctrine and the Nine Vehicles<\/em>. Albany 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><em>Manju&scaron;ri-N&acirc;ma-Sa&#7747;g&icirc;ti<\/em> (nifer o gyfieithiadau).<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Gol.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (cofnod &bdquo;Manju&scaron;ri&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddol<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74e12a8 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"74e12a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25da554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25da554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cwestiynau Cyffredin am Manjushri<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pwy yw Manjushri ym Mwdhaeth?<\/h3><p>Manjushri (Sansgrit, yn fras y clod addfwyn) yw&#8217;r Bodhisattva o ddoethineb goruwchfydol (Prajna), ac felly&#8217;n gyfatebiaeth i&#8217;r Bodhisattva tosturi Avalokiteshvara. Fe&#8217;i darlunnir yn nodweddiadol \u00e2 chleddyf fflamllyd yn ei law dde, sy&#8217;n torri anwybodaeth, a llyfr Perffeithrwydd Doethineb yn ei law chwith.<\/p><p>Mae Manjushri&#8217;n ymgorffori&#8217;r dirnadaeth finiog, glir sy&#8217;n adnabod hanfod realiti. Yn Tibet, mae disgyblion ac ysgolheigion yn ei alw arno cyn astudio.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pa r\u00f4l mae Manjushri&#8217;n ei chwarae yn Tibet a Tsieina?<\/h3><p>Yn Tsieina, ystyrir Mynydd Wutai Shan yn nhalaith Shanxi yn drigfan ddaearol Manjushri, ac mae&#8217;n un o bedwar mynydd sanctaidd Bwdhaidd y wlad, wedi bod yn gyrchfan pererindod ers dros fil o flynyddoedd. Yn Tibet, cysylltir Manjushri&#8217;n agos \u00e2&#8217;r ysgol Gelug; ystyrir ei sylfaenydd Tsongkhapa yn amlygiad ohono.<\/p><p>Mae Manjushri hefyd yn sylfaenydd chwedlonol gwareiddiad Dyffryn Kathmandu yn Nepal, lle, yn \u00f4l y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif adeiladol, gan amlaf am fywydau seintiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwedl<\/span>, hollti geunant mynyddig \u00e2&#8217;i gleddyf i ddraenio llyn ac felly greu tir ffrwythlon i ymsefydlu ynddo.<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pwy yw Manjushri ym Mwdhaeth?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Manjushri (Sansgrit, yn fras y clod addfwyn) yw'r Bodhisattva o ddoethineb goruwchfydol (Prajna), ac felly'n gyfatebiaeth i'r Bodhisattva tosturi Avalokiteshvara. Fe'i darlunnir yn nodweddiadol \u00e2 chleddyf fflamllyd yn ei law dde, sy'n torri anwybodaeth, a llyfr Perffeithrwydd Doethineb yn ei law chwith.Mae Manjushri'n ymgorffori'r dirnadaeth finiog, glir sy'n adnabod hanfod realiti. Yn Tibet, mae disgyblion ac ysgolheigion yn ei alw arno cyn astudio.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pa r\u00f4l mae Manjushri'n ei chwarae yn Tibet a Tsieina?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yn Tsieina, ystyrir Mynydd Wutai Shan yn nhalaith Shanxi yn drigfan ddaearol Manjushri, ac mae'n un o bedwar mynydd sanctaidd Bwdhaidd y wlad, wedi bod yn gyrchfan pererindod ers dros fil o flynyddoedd. Yn Tibet, cysylltir Manjushri'n agos \u00e2'r ysgol Gelug; ystyrir ei sylfaenydd Tsongkhapa yn amlygiad ohono.Mae Manjushri hefyd yn sylfaenydd chwedlonol gwareiddiad Dyffryn Kathmandu yn Nepal, lle, yn \u00f4l y chwedl, hollti geunant mynyddig \u00e2'i gleddyf i ddraenio llyn ac felly greu tir ffrwythlon i ymsefydlu ynddo.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1553,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Manjushri","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Manjushri \u2013 Bodhisattva y Doethineb a'r Cleddyf T\u00e2n","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Manjushri, Bodhisattva y doethineb. Cleddyf t\u00e2n, llyfr sutra, llew ac addoliad Prajna yn y Bwdhaeth Dibetaidd: nawddsant y gwybodusion.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"buddhismus","wesen_klasse":"lichtwesen","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191390","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Manjushri \u2013 Bodhisattva y Doethineb a&#039;r Cleddyf T\u00e2n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Manjushri, Bodhisattva y doethineb. 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