{"id":191363,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191363"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"nabu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/nabu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nabu"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191363\" class=\"elementor elementor-191363 elementor-2080 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, duw traddodiad Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu yw duw traddodiad Mesopotamia.<\/p><p><strong>Duw ysgrifennu, ysgrifennydd y duwiau, mab Marduk.<\/strong> Nid Nabu (a elwir hefyd Nebo) yw&#8217;r duw mwyaf grymus, ond mae&#8217;n un o ddoethaf duwiau Mesopotamia. Mae&#8217;n eistedd gyda ysgrifbin a llechen ysgrifennu yn Borsippa, yn cofnodi tynged pob dyn ar lechi cyfraith y byd. Lle mae duwiau eraill yn rheoli drwy fellt a rhyfel, mae Nabu yn rheoli drwy&#8217;r gair; mae ei ysgrifau a&#8217;i lwon yn sylfaen i bob <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> a threfn.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym personol uchaf mewn pantheon diwylliant, gyda chyfrifoldebau clir dros bwerau natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir drwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crud crefydd ddogfennedig, Swmer, Acad, Babilon, Asyria (tua 3500 CC hyd 330 CC).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193620\" alt=\"Nabu - duwiau o draddodiad Mesopotamia, darluniadol hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_nabu.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil byr: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Prif dduw Mesopotamaidd, duw ysgrifenyddion a doethineb<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Babilon, Assur (mab Marduc)<br>Swyddogaeth: Celfyddyd ysgrifennu, tabledi tynged, seryddiaeth, doethineb<br>Prif briodoleddau: Ysgrifbin, tabled glai, coron uchel, dreigiau (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u)<br>Prif fannau addoli: Borsippa (prif fan addoli, teml E-zida), Babilon, Ninefe<br>Adnabyddiaeth seryddol: Mercher<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tystiolaethir am Nabu ers cyfnod Babilonaidd cynnar (dechrau&#8217;r 2il fileniwm CC). Y prif gyfnod ffyniant oedd yn ystod y cyfnod Babilonaidd diweddar (7fed-6ed ganrif CC), pan gafodd teml Borsippa E-zida ei hehangu dan Nabopolassar a Nebuchadnesar II i fod yn un o brif adeiladau Babilon.<\/p><p>Roedd yn parhau&#8217;n ganolog yn y cyfnod Achaemenidaidd diweddar a Seleucidaidd, ond gyda dirywiad Ymerodraeth Babilon (1af ganrif OC) daeth y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> i ben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif fan addoli oedd <strong>Borsippa<\/strong> (heddiw Birs Nimrud, tua 17 km i&#8217;r de o Babilon), gyda&#8217;r deml enwog <em>E-zida<\/em>. Yn ogystal, Babilon (teml yng nghyfadeilad Esagila), Ninefe (prif fan addoli yn Asyria), Calah (Nimrud, cornel gwlt yn Ezida Calah).<\/p><p>Yn Ymerodraeth Babilon ddiweddar, prif ddigwyddiad y flwyddyn oedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gorymdaith grefyddol seremon\u00efol.\" tabindex=\"0\">gorymdaith<\/span> flynyddol Akitu: teithiodd Nabu ar long o Borsippa i Babilon at Marduc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau canolog: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (mab Marduk), arysgrifau brenhinoedd Babilon newydd (Nebuchadnezzar, Nabonidus), yr epig <em>Erra<\/em> (cyfeiriad), arysgrifau Ezida o Borsippa, yr <em>Emyn Nabu<\/em>. Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Pomponio, <em>Nab\u00fb. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanrwydd duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Nabu fel g\u0175r ifanc, barfog, gyda het bigfain neu goron, yn aml yn eistedd wrth ddesg ysgrifennu neu wedi ei blygu dros lechi clai. Ei briod symbol yw&#8217;r ysgrifbin (<em>kalam<\/em>) a&#8217;r llechen ysgrifennu.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n dal ambell waith rh\u00f4l ysgrifen neu&#8217;n cario llechen chwedlonol y tynged (<em>Tuppi \u0160\u012bm\u0101ti<\/em>). Weithiau darlunnir aderyn ysgrifennydd neu ddraig (ei arwyddlun) wrth ei ochr. Ei liw yw glas neu borffor, urddasol a doeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nabu yw duw&#8217;r ysgrifenyddion, ysgolheigion a seryddwyr. Roedd pwy bynnag a ddymunai ddarllen ac ysgrifennu yn gwedd\u00efo ar Nabu. Roedd offeiriaid yn ymgynghori ag ef wrth ddehongli arwyddion sanctaidd ac argoelion. Mewn defodau hudol galwyd ar ei enw, roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Defod ieithyddol i alw neu rwymo grym.\" tabindex=\"0\">swyngyfaredd<\/span> ysgrifenedig gan ysgrifennydd yn rymus, oherwydd Nabu ei hun a fendithiai&#8217;r grefft o ysgrifennu.<\/p><p>Roedd ei \u0175yl (<em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gorymdaith grefyddol seremon\u00efol.\" tabindex=\"0\">gorymdaith<\/span> Nabu<\/em>) yn orymdaith o Borsippa i Babilon, lle ymwelodd \u00e2&#8217;i dad Marduc. Roedd ysgrifenyddion ac ysgolheigion yn ei addoli fel eu nawddsant. Roedd Llyfrgell Ninefe wedi&#8217;i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trwy weithred grefyddol wedi'i gyflwyno i'r sanctaidd ac felly wedi'i godi uwchlaw'r cyffredin.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegru<\/span> i Nabu, roedd pob casgliad o wybodaeth o dan ei nawdd.<\/p><h3>Ymddangosiad a Symboliaeth<\/h3><p>Darlunnir <em>Nabu<\/em> fel dyn ifanc yn gwisgo coron uchel, yn cario ysgrifbin a thabledi. Yn aml amgylchynir ef gan sgroliau neu lyfrau. Ei anifail sanctaidd yw&#8217;r ddraig adeiniog <em>Mushussu<\/em>, neu weithiau aderyn sy&#8217;n cludo negeseuon.<\/p><p>Yn aml gwisga <em>Nabu<\/em> wisg las neu wyrdd, lliwiau ysgrifen a gwybodaeth. Ysgrifbin neu bluen yw ei brif <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. Mae ei lygaid yn ddwys a gwybodus, gan eu bod yn gweld pob gwirionedd cudd. Amgylchynir ei bresenoldeb gan olau sy&#8217;n cynrychioli deallusrwydd a goleuedigaeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion Nabu ar gip. Mae&#8217;r meysydd canlynol yn crynhoi ei darddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymhariaethau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Nabu yn fab Marduk a Sarpanitu. Priod <em>Tashmetu<\/em> (duwies cyfryngu). Yn nhrefn theogonig ail genhedlaeth pantheon Babilon. Yn nhraddodiad Assyria caiff ei anrhydeddu ochr yn ochr \u00e2 Marduk, ac mae brenhinoedd Assyria yn aml yn dwyn yr elfen <em>Nabu-&#8230;<\/em> yn eu henwau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa darged Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Noddwr celfyddyd ysgrifennu a&#8217;r ysgolheigion, roedd dosbarth y sgrifenyddion yn atebol iddo&#8217;n uniongyrchol. Gwarcheidwad y <em>Llechau Tynged<\/em> (Acadaidd <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em>): ar y llechau hyn cofnodwyd tynged pob dyn a phob peth. Noddwr seryddiaeth a&#8217;r arfer wyddonol, ystyrid offeiriaid-seryddwyr (<em>tup\u0161arr\u00fb<\/em>) yn ei weision. Yn ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> personol hefyd yn noddwr pob gweithgaredd ysgol a dysgu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffurf<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymddangosai&#8217;n ddynol, fel g\u0175r barfog gyda diadem het uchel a gwisg hir aml-haenog. Priodoleddau nodweddiadol: <em>ffon ysgrifennu<\/em> (Sumeraidd <em>gi-dub-ba<\/em>) a <em>llechen glai<\/em>, yn aml ar bedestal neu yn ei law. Fe&#8217;i cyfeillachai&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol greaduriaid ynddo'i hun.\" tabindex=\"0\">creadur cyfansawdd<\/span> dreigiol <em>Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u<\/em> (a gymerodd gan Marduk). Mewn celf naddu, yn aml eisteddog gyda llechen glai ar ei benglin. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbol<\/span> arddulliedig: ffon ysgrifennu (cymharadwy \u00e2&#8217;r caduceus).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dylanwad Nabu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes dylanwad:<\/strong> Galwai pob sgrifennydd a ysgolhaig ar Nabu. Byddai ysgolion sgrifenyddion yn cychwyn y dydd gyda <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosiad geiriol dyn tuag at dduw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gweddi<\/span> i Nabu. Yn ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> personol, gofynnid iddo am gofnodiad tynged ffafriol, gan fod y <em>tup \u0161im\u00e2ti<\/em> yn cael eu hystyried yn benderfynol.<\/p><p>Roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gorymdaith grefyddol seremon\u00efol.\" tabindex=\"0\">gorymdaith<\/span> Akitu Nabu o Borsippa i Fabilon (yn fis Nisan) yn un o wyliau gwerin mwyaf Mesopotamia. Dangosai brenhinoedd eu duwioldeb trwy gymryd rhan yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gorymdaith grefyddol seremon\u00efol.\" tabindex=\"0\">orymdaith<\/span> hon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffyrdd o amddiffyn<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffon ysgrifennu (gi-dub-ba), llechen glai, diadem het uchel, dreig (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u), s\u00ear seryddol (Mercher), pentwr o lechau ysgol. Planhigion: tamarisg (gosodwyd llechau ysgrifennu ar bren tamarisg), pren cedrwydd. Rhif sanctaidd: 14.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bodau Cysylltiedig<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Thoth<\/em> (Yr Aifft, duw sgrifennu a doethineb, bron yn union gyfatebol yn swyddogaethol), <em>Hermes<\/em> (Groeg, noddwr sgrifenyddion, cennad), <em>Mercurius<\/em> (Rhufain, unfath yn seryddol trwy Mercher), <em>Sarasvati<\/em> (Hind\u0175aeth, duwies gwybodaeth ac ysgrifennu), <em>Manju\u015br\u012b<\/em> (Bwdhaeth, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ym Mahayana Bwdhaeth, un goleuedig sy'n gohirio ei ryddhad ei hun er mwyn y ddysgeidiaeth i fodau eraill.\">Bodhisattva<\/span> doethineb), <em>Mimir<\/em> (Germanaidd, ffynnon doethineb), <em>Ogma<\/em> (Celtaidd, dyfeisiwr yr ysgrifen Ogham).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Defodau Addoli<\/h3><p>Roedd gan Nabu, duw ysgrifenyddion a doethineb, ei brif ganolfan gwlt yn E-zida yn Borsippa (8 km i&#8217;r de o Babilon). Roedd ei dad Marduc ac yntau&#8217;n ffurfio dyad dduwiol dad-mab canolog.<\/p><p>Yng ng\u0175yl blwyddyn newydd <em>ak\u012btu<\/em>, cariwyd cerflun Nabu mewn gorymdaith o Borsippa i Babilon, g\u0175yl wyth diwrnod gyda&#8217;r brenin yn ymostwng yn ostyngedig o flaen Marduc. Anrhydeddai prentisiaid ysgrifenyddion Nabu \u00e2 chysegriadau tabledi (conau clai gyda ymadroddion safonol o fywyd dyddiol ysgol <em>Edubba<\/em>, cymh. Bott\u00e9ro).<\/p><h3>Galwadau<\/h3><p>Mae &#8220;Emyn Nabu o Eridu&#8221; (BWL 113-115) yn ei ganmol fel &#8220;r\u0113\u02bei m\u0101ti&#8221; (bugail y wlad). Wrth sefydlu cytundebau, galwyd ar ysgrifbin a thabled ysgrifennu Nabu fel gwarantwyr. Dechreuai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfeiriad ieithyddol dyn at dduw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gweddi<\/span> ddyddiol ysgrifbin yr ysgrifenyddion gyda &#8220;Nab\u00fb \u0161\u016bp\u016b q\u0101t\u012bya&#8221; (Nabu, gwna fy nwylo&#8217;n berffaith).<\/p><h3>Amuledau a Symbolau Amddiffynnol<\/h3><p>Mae ysgrifbin (qan-\u1e6duppi) gyda thabled, y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> eiconograffig o Nabu, yn ymddangos ar gerrig ffiniol Babilonaidd ac Asyriaidd (Kudurrus, cymh. Slanski). Roedd cyfrolau clai apotrop\u00e4ig gyda thestunau wedi&#8217;u hargraffu o dan ddrysau tai i fod i amddiffyn gwybodaeth, celfyddyd ysgrifennu a chytundebau. Ei anifail sanctaidd yw&#8217;r mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u (draig neidr), i&#8217;w gweld ar Borth Ishtar Babilon.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu, cyfatebiaethau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Nabu yn debyg i Thoth yr Aifft, mae&#8217;r ddau yn dduwiau ysgrifennu, doethineb a geiriau hudol. Gyda Hermes o Roeg mae&#8217;n rhannu&#8217;r r\u00f4l o gyfryngwr a&#8217;r arglwyddiaeth dros iaith. Nid oes cyfatebiaeth uniongyrchol yn nhraddodiad Hebraeg, ond mae&#8217;r ffigwr yn dwyn nodweddion o&#8217;r gair <em>Dabar Adonai<\/em> (Gair Duw).<\/p><p>Yn ddiwylliannau Indiaidd, gellid ei gymharu \u00e2 Saraswati, duwies iaith, celfyddydau a gwybodaeth. Nabu yw&#8217;r unig dduw nad yw&#8217;n mynd yn angof trwy dawelwch, ond sydd yn parhau trwy&#8217;r llechau a&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> sy&#8217;n dwyn ei enw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp755c94f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp755c94f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9781a58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9781a58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nabu a chelfyddyd ysgrifennu: duw'r llechen a'r ffon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3dd17cb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3dd17cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp36a4fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp36a4fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> Babilonaidd ac Asyriaidd, Nabu oedd duw celfyddyd ysgrifennu, dysgeidiaeth a doethineb. Ei brif briodoledd yw&#8217;r ysgrifbin, a ddefnyddiwyd i ysgrifennu ar lechau clai.<\/p><p>Yn nhestunau a delweddau, ymddengys fel yr un sy&#8217;n dal yr ysgrifbin, ac iddo ef y priodolwyd gofal am Lechau Tynged, lle cofnodwyd ffawd dyn a&#8217;r byd.<\/p><p>Rhoddodd y cyfrifoldeb hwn i Nabu safle arbennig gerbron yr ysgrifwyr a&#8217;r ysgolheigion, a oedd ym Mesopotamia yn dosbarth ynddo&#8217;i hun, un uchel ei barch. Cyfeiriai ysgrifwyr atynt eu hunain ar brydiau yn benodol fel gweision Nabu, ac roedd llyfrgelloedd ac archifau o dan ei nawdd.<\/p><p>Roedd llyfrgell enwog y brenin Asyriaidd Assurbanipal yn Ninefe, y daw cyfran fawr o&#8217;r llenyddiaeth Fesopotamaidd sydd wedi goroesi ohoni, yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 Nabu, a nododd colofonau&#8217;r llechau clai y duw mewn fformwl\u00e2u bendith.<\/p><p>Nid damwain yw&#8217;r cysylltiad rhwng ysgrifen, gwybodaeth a thynged. Yn y meddwl Mesopotamaidd, roedd ysgrifennu yn weithred o statws uchel, gan fod y gair ysgrifenedig yn diogelu ac yn pennu pethau&#8217;n barhaol.<\/p><p>Roedd duw a lywodraethai dros ysgrifen felly yn llywodraethu dros yr hyn a osodwyd i lawr yn ffurfiol, ac felly&#8217;n rhwymol. Nid oedd Nabu felly&#8217;n nawddsant crefft yn unig, ond yn rym a gysylltid \u00e2 threfn, penderfyniad, a pharhad yr hyn a gofnodwyd unwaith.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbd3da6f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbd3da6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7fa5a95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7fa5a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Borsippa a G\u0175yl y Flwyddyn Newydd: gorymdaith Nabu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp312f496 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp312f496\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8278646 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8278646\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif ganolfan gwlt Nabu oedd dinas Borsippa, gerllaw Babilon. Yno safai ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un duw neu fwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> a elwid <em>E-zida<\/em>, y t\u0177 cywir neu barhaol, a oedd yn cynnwys hefyd gymhleth t\u0175r teml.<\/p><p>Roedd Borsippa a Babilon yn gysylltiedig yn agos \u00e2&#8217;i gilydd, ac adlewyrchid y berthynas hon hefyd yn y cysylltiad rhwng y ddau brif dduw, gan fod Nabu&#8217;n cael ei ystyried yn fab i dduw Babilon, Marduk.<\/p><p>Yng ng\u0175yl fawr y Flwyddyn Newydd Fabilonaidd, g\u0175yl Akitu ar ddechrau&#8217;r flwyddyn, roedd r\u00f4l weladwy i Nabu. Cariwyd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Delwedd o dduw a addolir mewn teml neu gysegr.\" tabindex=\"0\">delw gwlt<\/span> Nabu o Borsippa i Babilon i gymryd rhan yn y dathliadau.<\/p><p>Roedd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gorymdaith grefyddol ffurfiol.\" tabindex=\"0\">orymdaith<\/span> hon gan y mab at y tad yn rhan hanfodol o&#8217;r \u0175yl. Mae testunau a ddisgrifia drefn g\u0175yl Akitu yn nodi dyfodiad a chyfranogiad Nabu, ac fel hyn adnewyddwyd y cysylltiad rhwng y ddwy ddinas yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i ddilyniant gweithredoedd crefyddol penodol.\" tabindex=\"0\">rhwyddol<\/span> bob blwyddyn.<\/p><p>Roedd i&#8217;r \u0175yl Blwyddyn Newydd ei hun ddimensiwn cosmolegol. Ymwn\u00e2i ag adnewyddu trefn y byd, cadarnhau brenhiniaeth, a phennu tynged y flwyddyn i ddod.<\/p><p>Ar y pwynt olaf hwn yn arbennig, cyffyrddai&#8217;r \u0175yl \u00e2 maes cyfrifoldeb Nabu ei hun, gan fod pennu tynged yn gysylltiedig yn agos ag ysgrifennu a Llechau Tynged. Nid dim ond ystum o agosrwydd teuluol at Marduk oedd cyfranogiad Nabu yng ng\u0175yl Akitu felly, ond roedd yn cyd-fynd yn rhesymegol \u00e2&#8217;r hyn a gynrychiolai&#8217;r duw hwn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp73f9482 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp73f9482\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfea1510 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfea1510\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynnydd Nabu yn y mileniwm cyntaf<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc85c710 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpc85c710\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp92e095d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp92e095d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd safle Nabu yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">bantheon<\/span> Mesopotamaidd mor amlwg o&#8217;r cychwyn cyntaf \u00e2&#8217;r modd y daeth yn ddiweddarach. Mae ymchwil yn nodi bod Nabu yn ennill pwysigrwydd yn ystod yr ail fileniwm, ac yn y mileniwm cyntaf cyn ein calendr, yn y cyfnod Asyriaidd a Babilonaidd Newydd, iddo godi&#8217;n un o&#8217;r duwdodau pwysicaf oll.<\/p><p>Aeth ei gynnydd rhagddo yn gyfamserol \u00e2 chynnydd ei dad Marduk, y mae ei ddyrchafiad i fod y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod a addolir fel duw o fewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">dduwdod<\/span> uchaf yn Babilon yn ddigwyddiad canolog yn hanes crefydd Babilonaidd.<\/p><p>Gwelir cynnydd pwysigrwydd Nabu mewn nifer o dystiolaethau. Daw enwau brenhinol sy&#8217;n cynnwys enw&#8217;r duw Nabu yn gyffredin yn y mileniwm cyntaf, a&#8217;r enwocaf ohonynt yw Nebuchadnesar, sy&#8217;n cynnwys enw&#8217;r duw Nabu.<\/p><p>Hyrwyddodd brenhinoedd Asyriaidd Nabu, gwnaethant godi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un duw neu fwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> iddo, a&#8217;i enwi mewn arysgrifau. Cyfrannodd y cysylltiad agos rhwng Nabu a dosbarth yr ysgrifwyr, a&#8217;r llyfrgelloedd, at sicrhau bod y duw wedi&#8217;i wreiddio&#8217;n gadarn ymysg y dosbarth dysgedig.<\/p><p>Yn y cyfnod diweddar, pan barhaodd diwylliant Babilonaidd o dan lywodraeth Bersiaidd ac yn ddiweddarach Heleniaidd, arhosodd Nabu yn ffigwr o bwys. Parhawyd i gynnal y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un duw neu fwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> yn Borsippa am amser maith.<\/p><p>Gyda darfod graddol diwylliant y cyneiddiol yn y canrifoedd cyntaf o&#8217;n calendr, collwyd hefyd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd crefyddol o addoli duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span>. I ymchwil fodern, mae Nabu yn hygyrch yn bennaf drwy&#8217;r testunau a ysgrifennwyd o dan ei nawdd, ffaith sy&#8217;n gweddu&#8217;n dda i dduw celfyddyd ysgrifennu.<\/p><p>Ei dad <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a> yw&#8217;r cyfeirbwynt agosaf yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/marduk\/\">Marduk, tad<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/thoth\/\">Thoth, cymar Eifftaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hermes\/\">Hermes, cymhareb Roegaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia, trosolwg pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-uchel\/\">Uwch-dduwdodau, is-gategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarthiadau<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Pomponio, Francesco: <em>Nab&ucirc;. Il culto e la figura di un dio del <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span> babilonese ed assiro<\/em>. Rhufain 1978.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>. Rhydychen 1960.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Gol.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Cofnod &bdquo;Nabu&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1636,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nabu","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nabu \u2013 Duw Ysgrifennu a Ysgrifennydd y Duwiau","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Duw ysgrifennu, ysgrifennydd tynged, ei deml yn Borsippa a chyfrinach y gair ym Mesopotamia.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191363","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Nabu \u2013 Duw Ysgrifennu a Ysgrifennydd y Duwiau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Duw ysgrifennu, ysgrifennydd tynged, ei deml yn Borsippa a chyfrinach y gair ym Mesopotamia.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/nabu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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