{"id":191361,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191361"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"tiamat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tiamat\/","title":{"rendered":"Tiamat"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191361\" class=\"elementor elementor-191361 elementor-2078 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, duwies o draddodiad Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hen ddraig dd\u0175r-hallt, mam pob duw, ymgnawdoliad y chaos.<\/strong> Tiamat yw&#8217;r grym hynaf yng nghosmos Mesopotamia, nid drwg ond cynradd, y m\u00e0s d\u0175r-hallt anhrefnus y llifodd pob bywyd ohono ac y mae&#8217;n dychwelyd iddo.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r *Enuma Elish* yn adrodd am ei threchu gan Marduk, ond nid buddugoliaeth syml da dros ddrwg yw&#8217;r frwydr hon, eithr genedigaeth trefn o chaos, mae Tiamat yn cael ei chwalu, a daw ei chorff yn fydysawd.<p>Ymddengys Tiamat yn yr Enuma Elish fel hen ddraig chaos y d\u0175r-hallt.<\/p><p>Mae Tiamat yn dduwies o draddodiad Mesopotamia, yn ymgnawdoliad o chaos y d\u0175r-hallt cyn y creu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf personol mewn pantheon diwylliant, \u00e2 chyfrifoldebau clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duwies<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crud crefydd ddogfennedig, Sumer, Akkad, Babilon, Asyria (tua 3500 CC hyd 330 CC).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/anti-dduwiau\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Grymoedd chaos a gwrthwynebwyr cosmig, cymeriadau gwrthwynebus mewn deuoliaeth hanes crefydd.\">Gwrth-dduw<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193618\" alt=\"Tiamat - duwiau o draddodiad Mesopotamia, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_tiamat.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar Gip: Tiamat<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Hen dduwdod Mesopotamia, duwies-ddraig y chaos cynoesol, gwrthwynebydd Marduk<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanrwydd duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Babilon (canolog yn yr Enuma Elish fel gwrthwynebydd)<br>Swyddogaeth: M\u00f4r cynoesol d\u0175r-hallt, mam pob duw, gwrth-rym i drefn gosmig<br>Priodoleddau prif: Ffurf ddraig, corff hollt (y nefoedd a&#8217;r ddaear wnaed o&#8217;i chorff), un ar ddeg o gynorthwywyr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Creadur sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol fywau.\" tabindex=\"0\">creaduriaid cymysg<\/span><br>Prif fannau cwlt: dim ei hun, gwrthwynebydd yn chwedl greu Babilon<br>Gwrthwynebydd: Marduk (yn ei threchu yn yr Enuma Elish)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat yw prif wrthwynebydd epig creadigaeth Babilonaidd <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (llawysgrif brif o&#8217;r 12fed ganrif CC, wedi&#8217;i chadw mewn fersiwn Asyriaidd Newydd). Rhagflaenydd yn nhraddodiad Sumeraidd fel <em>Nammu<\/em> (y m\u00f4r cyntefig).<\/p><p>Uchafbwynt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiau a draddodwyd mewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> Tiamat oedd y cyfnod Babilonaidd Newydd, pan draddodwyd yr Enuma Elish ym mhob G\u0175yl Blwyddyn Newydd (Akitu) yn nheml Esagila. Bob gwanwyn adnewyddwyd buddugoliaeth gosmig Marduk dros Tiamat drwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sy'n dwyn arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span>. Mewn traddodiadau diweddarach ni chafodd ei haddoli&#8217;n uniongyrchol i raddau helaeth; yn yr 19eg\/20fed ganrif fe&#8217;i derbyniwyd yn ddwys gan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y gwyddor sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">wyddor crefydd<\/span> ac <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Term cyffredinol am ddysgeidiaethau sy'n honni gwybodaeth gudd, ar gael i'r cychwynedig yn unig.\" tabindex=\"0\">esoterigiaeth<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oes gan Tiamat ei mannau cwlt ei hun, cymeriad chwedlonol ydyw, nid gwrthrych <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanrwydd y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduwdod neu gymeriad sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span>. Ond roedd ei phresenoldeb yn amlwg ym mhob g\u0175yl Akitu Babilonaidd, lle adroddid yr <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> ac adnewyddwyd ei threchu gan Marduk mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant trefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd o arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span>.<\/p><p>Yn hanes cristnogol diweddar fe&#8217;i adleisiwyd fel &bdquo;gwrthwynebydd draig&ldquo; yn nhraddodiad apocalyptaidd (Datguddiad 12). Yn y derbyniad modern (yn arbennig ar \u00f4l Robert Graves a hanes crefydd ffeministaidd) fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> o&#8217;r grym cynoesol benywaidd a orfodwyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau canolog: <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> (epig creu, 7 llechen, y brif ffynhonnell), rhagflaenwyr yn chwedlau creu Sumeraidd. Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Lambert, <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em> (rhifyn safonol); Heidel, <em>The Babylonian Genesis<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion. En M\u00e9sopotamie<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>. Yn gymharol (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol ailddigwyddol mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> brwydr y ddraig): Watkins, <em>How to Kill a Dragon<\/em> (patrwm lladd draig Indo-Ewropeaidd).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Tiamat fel ffurf enfawr, sarff-ddreiglyd, gyda chennau, adenydd a mwgwd draig arswydus. Mae ei chroen yn las-tywyll neu wyrddlyd, lliw y m\u00f4r hallt.<\/p><p>Nid yw&#8217;n gwisgo coron, gan fod coronau&#8217;n dod o ddynion a duwiau; yn hytrach mae hi ei hun yn sylwedd cynoesol. Mewn darluniadau diweddarach dangosir hi \u00e2 phennau lluosog neu ffurf hydra-debyg. Mae ei hanadl yn wenwyn, a&#8217;i rhuo&#8217;n ysgwyd y bydoedd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd Tiamat yn cael ei haddoli fel duwies yn yr ystyr glasurol, doedd dim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span>, dim offeiriadaeth. Ond mewn cyd-destunau cosmig ac athronyddol, cafodd ei darlunio fel y ffynhonnell y mae trefn yn gorfod dod ohoni.<\/p><p>Bob blwyddyn yng ng\u0175yl y Flwyddyn Newydd (<em>Akitu<\/em>), adroddid yr <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, a chyhoeddid Marduk drachefn fel y buddugwr dros Tiamat. Roedd yr adrodd hwn yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres drefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd o arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> hudol i adnewyddu&#8217;r byd ac amddiffyn rhag llithro&#8217;n \u00f4l i anhrefn. Mae Tiamat yn cynrychioli&#8217;r bygythiad cosmig y mae&#8217;n rhaid ei drechu&#8217;n ddi-baid.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddangosiad a symboliaeth<\/strong><\/p><p>Darlunnir <em>Tiamat<\/em> fel draig enfawr, saith-bennog neu luosog-bennog, neu fel anghenfil m\u00f4r \u00e2 chennau disglair yn wawl lliwiau&#8217;r d\u0175r, glas, gwyrdd, gwyn. Mae ganddi adenydd anferth, ewinedd a dannedd, cymaint \u00e2 mynydd.<\/p><p>Mae ei chorff ei hun yn f\u00f4r. Mae&#8217;n anadlu t\u00e2n a gwenwyn. Mae <em>Tiamat<\/em> yn brydferth yn ei gwylltineb, ond yn wrthun yn ei estroniaeth. D\u0175r a&#8217;r m\u00f4r yw ei symbolau. Mae ei llygaid yn pefrio \u00e2 deall cynradd, nid moesol ond greddfol a chosmig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Tiamat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion Tiamat mewn cipolwg. Mae&#8217;r meysydd canlynol yn crynhoi ei tharddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymariaethau diwylliannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traddodiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn yr <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, Tiamat yw&#8217;r Fam Wreiddiol, y m\u00f4r cyntefig hallt, a chyd-ffynhonnell pob duw ynghyd \u00e2 duw&#8217;r d\u0175r croyw <em>Apsu<\/em> (ei phriod). Pan aflonydda&#8217;r duwiau ifanc (Anu, Enki, yn ddiweddarach Marduk) eu llonyddwch, mae Apsu&#8217;n bwriadu eu lladd, ond mae Enki&#8217;n ei ladd yntau&#8217;n gyntaf.<\/p><p>Mae Tiamat yn tyngu dial, yn creu llu o un ar ddeg o gythreuliaid <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol greaduriaid.\" tabindex=\"0\">gymysg-fodolaeth<\/span> (yn cynnwys dreigiau Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u, dyn-llewod, dyn-ysgorpionau) ac yn dewis Kingu fel cadfridog. Mae Marduk yn cynnig ei hun fel arwr, yn cael y gorchymyn dros yr holl dduwiau, yn lladd Tiamat mewn ymladdfa unigol, ac yn creu&#8217;r nefoedd a&#8217;r ddaear o&#8217;i chorff, felly daw&#8217;r drefn gosmig o gorff Tiamat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa Tiamat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Tiamat yn ymgorfforiad mytholegol o&#8217;r anhrefn a fu&#8217;n bodoli cyn y drefn gosmig. Mam pob duw (swyddogaeth theogonig), ond ar yr un pryd bygythiad i&#8217;r drefn, felly rhaid ei threchu er mwyn i&#8217;r byd ddod i fodolaeth.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbol<\/span> o&#8217;r grym cyntefig anhrefnus, o&#8217;r m\u00f4r hallt cyntefig (mewn gwrthgyferbyniad \u00e2 d\u0175r croyw Apsu, sy&#8217;n ffrwythlon). Yng nghyd-gyfnerthiad diwinyddol pantheon Babilon, mae ei marwolaeth yn cyfiawnhau brenhiniaeth Marduk, naratif creadigaeth \u00e2 chymhelliad gwleidyddol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn yr <em>Enuma Elish<\/em>, ni ddisgrifir Tiamat yn glir, mae rhai darnau&#8217;n awgrymu ffurf ddynol anthropomorffig, eraill yn awgrymu corff draig neu neidr enfawr. Mae&#8217;r ymchwil yn tueddu at ffurf hybrid draig-a-dyn.<\/p><p>Yn ddarluniau gweledol yr oes fodern, caiff ei darlunio ymron yn ddi-baid fel draig \u00e2 symboliaeth fenywaidd (corff neidr mawr, pennau lluosog, ewinedd, adenydd). Yn nhraddodiad gliptig Babilon, nid oes darluniau uniongyrchol o Tiamat, mae&#8217;r darluniau o ddreigiau Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u (e.e. ar Borth Ishtar) yn ddarluniau o&#8217;i chynorthwywyr, nid ohoni ei hun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Nid oedd gan Tiamat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol tuag at dduw neu ffigur sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> ei hun, ond roedd ei phresenoldeb yn amlwg ym mhob g\u0175yl Flwyddyn Newydd Babilonaidd (Akitu), lle adroddid yr Enuma Elish ac ail-adnewyddid <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres drefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd o arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span> buddugoliaeth Marduk. Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol tuag at dduw neu ffigur sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> personol, nid oedd yn cael ei galw arni (dim ond Marduk fel buddugwr).<\/p><p>Yn y dderbyniad esoterig modern (o&#8217;r 19eg ganrif ymlaen), caiff ei dehongli fel &#8220;Duwies-Fam&#8221;, &#8220;Mam-Ddraig&#8221;, &#8220;Gwraig Gyntefig&#8221;; yn hanesyddiaeth grefyddol ffeministaidd, fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> o rym cyntefig benywaidd wedi&#8217;i ormesu. Yn niwylliant poblogaidd modern, mae&#8217;n bresennol fel draig mewn gemau, nofelau a ffilmiau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyn rhag Tiamat<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffurf draig, corff neidr, pennau lluosog, ewinedd, adenydd (mewn darluniad modern), corff wedi&#8217;i hollti (yn fytholegol, o&#8217;i haneri cr\u00ebwyd y nefoedd a&#8217;r ddaear). Cynorthwywyr: un ar ddeg o gythreuliaid <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol greaduriaid.\" tabindex=\"0\">gymysg-fodolaeth<\/span> (Mu\u0161hu\u0161\u0161u, neidr Lahamu, Bashmu, U\u0161umgallu, ac eraill). Elfen sanctaidd: d\u0175r hallt. Rhif sanctaidd: 11 (ei chreaduriaid <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol greaduriaid.\" tabindex=\"0\">gymysg-fodolaeth<\/span>).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogion<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apsu<\/em> (Mesopotamia, priod, duw cyntefig y d\u0175r croyw), <em>Nammu<\/em> (Sumer, duwies ragflaenol Sumeraidd), <em>Lotan\/Leviathan<\/em> (Ffoenicaidd-Hebraeg, draig anhrefn), <em>Vritra<\/em> (Hind\u0175aeth, draig, wedi&#8217;i threchu gan Indra, gwreiddyn cyffredin Indo-Ewropeaidd yr ymladd-draig), <em>Typhon<\/em> (Groeg, anghenfil anhrefn, wedi&#8217;i drechu gan Zeus), <em>Jormungand<\/em> (Germanaidd, Neidr y Byd, a ymladdwyd gan Thor), <em>Yamata-no-Orochi<\/em> (Japan, draig wyth-bennog, wedi&#8217;i threchu gan Susano-o), <em>Apophis<\/em> (Yr Aifft, neidr anhrefn). Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> Indo-Ewropeaidd o ladd draig, yn \u00f4l Watkins, yn cael un o&#8217;i esiamplau mwyaf adnabyddus yn Tiamat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad ymarferol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Defodau amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p><p>Nid oedd Tiamat, fel dreiges gyntefig y d\u0175r hallt (Enuma Elish I, 1-150), yn cael ei haddoli&#8217;n uniongyrchol. Hi yw&#8217;r grym anhrefnus cyntefig y mae&#8217;n rhaid ei drechu, ac fe holltir ei chorff gan Marduk yn nef a daear (Enuma Elish IV, 105-145).<\/p><p>Ceir defodau amddiffynnol yn erbyn Tiamat yng nghyfres swynion Maql\u00fb fel amddiffyniad rhag cythreuliaid clefyd tebyg i ddreigiau (gw. Bott\u00e9ro, Foster). Yng Ng\u0175yl Blwyddyn Newydd <em>ak\u012btu<\/em> ailadroddwyd trechu Tiamat drwy ddefod.<\/p><p><strong>Testunau swyngyfaredd<\/strong><\/p><p>Roedd darllen tabledi IV-V yr Enuma Elish (buddugoliaeth Marduk) ar bedwerydd dydd yr ak\u012btu yn weithred <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwaharddiad hudol neu eglwysig; hefyd rhwymo grym drwy fformiwla.\" tabindex=\"0\">waharddol<\/span> ganolog. Ceir yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduw neu rym mewn ymbil.\" tabindex=\"0\">alwad<\/span> \u201eTiamtu lalkaltu&#8221; (Tiamat, torred!) mewn swynion gwrth-storm o Ninefe (Hee\u00dfel, <em>Babylonisch-assyrische Diagnostik<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Amwledau a symbolau amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p><p>Defnyddiwyd symbolau Marduk (rhaw, pen dreigiau) fel amddiffyniad rhag Tiamat; darlunnir y dreig mu\u0161\u1e2bu\u0161\u0161u fel gwrth-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> a drechwyd ar byrth dinasoedd Babilonaidd (Porth Ishtar, Berlin). Roedd tabledi amddiffynnol yn dwyn enw Marduk o dan riniogau drysau i fod yn amddiffyniad rhag grymoedd tebyg i Tiamat. Mae&#8217;r olwyn haul wythasgellog (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> haul Marduk) yn disodli dyfroedd anhrefn Tiamat gyda chreadigaeth drefnus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat, cyfochredd mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Tiamat yn debyg i Lefiathan y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Corff o chwedlau am dduwiau a etifeddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Hebraeg, sarff ddyfroedd-hallt gyntefig sy&#8217;n ymladd yn erbyn Duw. Gyda Apophis yr Aifft (y sarff anhrefn) mae&#8217;n rhannu r\u00f4l y gwrthwynebydd anhrefn tragwyddol.<\/p><p>Mae Vritra o India a J\u00f6rmungandr o&#8217;r Norsemyn yn seirff gosmig tebyg. Mae Tiamat yn unigryw, fodd bynnag, gan nad dinistr yw ei threchiad, ond ei thrawsffurfiad yn y bydysawd ei hun; y mae&#8217;n elyn ac yn fam ar yr un pryd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp397d784 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp397d784\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp715d1bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp715d1bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y m\u00f4r dyfroedd-hallt: r\u00f4l Tiamat yn oes gynnar yr Enuma Elisch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp78a1cf7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp78a1cf7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp94e8c6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp94e8c6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn yr epig greu Babilonaidd <em>Enuma Elisch<\/em>, mae Tiamat yn sefyll ar ddechrau pob peth. Cyn i&#8217;r byd fodoli, dim ond dau ddwfr cyntefig oedd yn bod: Apsu, y dyfroedd daear melys, a Tiamat, y m\u00f4r hallt. Mae eu dyfroedd yn gymysg \u00e2&#8217;i gilydd, cyflwr cyn unrhyw drefn. O&#8217;r gymysgedd hon y daw&#8217;r duwiau cyntaf i fodolaeth.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r enw <em>Tiamat<\/em> yn gysylltiedig \u00e2&#8217;r gair Semitig am f\u00f4r; yn ieithyddol mae perthynas \u00e2&#8217;r gair Hebraeg <em>tehom<\/em>, y &#8222;dyfroedd cyntefig&#8220; neu&#8217;r &#8222;dyfnder&#8220; a grybwyllir yn bennod gyntaf Genesis. Mae&#8217;r agosrwydd ieithyddol hwn wedi arwain at drafodaethau hir am y berthynas rhwng syniadaeth greu Mesopotamaidd a Beiblaidd.<\/p><p>Yn yr epig, mae&#8217;r gwrthdaro&#8217;n dechrau am fod s\u0175n y duwiau ifanc yn tarfu ar Apsu a Tiamat. Mae Apsu am ddinistrio&#8217;r duwiau, ond mae duw&#8217;r doethineb Ea yn achub y blaen arno ac yn ei ladd. Mae Tiamat yn parhau&#8217;n segur i ddechrau, ond yna caiff ei gwthio i ryfel gan ran o&#8217;r duwiau. Mae&#8217;n codi fel dialwraig.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwilwyr yn trafod pa un ai a fwriadwyd Tiamat yn wreiddiol fel duwies bersonol, ynteu fel sylwedd cosmig amhersonol. Mae&#8217;r testunau&#8217;n amrywio: ar adegau ymddengys fel ffigur mam weithredol, ar adegau eraill yn debycach i&#8217;r m\u00f4r ei hun.<\/p><p>Nid gwrthddywediad yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddiad gwybodaeth a chwedlau ar draws cenedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> yw&#8217;r deuoliaeth hon, ond mae&#8217;n dangos anhawster mynegi grym cosmig cyntefig mewn iaith o gwbl. Mae Tiamat yn berson ac yn elfen ar yr un pryd, mam y duwiau a&#8217;r anhrefn y mae&#8217;n rhaid ei drechu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4dee1d5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp4dee1d5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpea74fec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpea74fec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y frwydr fawr \u00e2 Marduk a chreadigaeth y byd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1507b78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1507b78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6defbf1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp6defbf1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uchafbwynt yr <em>Enuma Elisch<\/em> yw&#8217;r frwydr rhwng Tiamat a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/marduk\/\">Marduk<\/a>. Mae Tiamat wedi creu byddin o unarddeg anghenfil, gan gynnwys seirff, dreigiau a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod sy'n cyfuno nodweddion gwahanol greaduriaid ynddo'i hun.\" tabindex=\"0\">greaduriaid cymysg<\/span>, ac wedi penodi ei phriod newydd Kingu fel arweinydd y fyddin, gan roi iddo&#8217;r <em>Tabledi Tynged<\/em>, arwyddluniau&#8217;r grym uchaf.<\/p><p>Mae Marduk yn cyrchu ymlaen wedi&#8217;i arfogi \u00e2 gwynt, storm a llifogydd. Pan agora Tiamat ei genau, gyrra&#8217;r gwyntoedd i mewn iddo, gan chwyddo&#8217;i chorff, ac yna ei thrywanu \u00e2 saeth. Ar \u00f4l ei marwolaeth, mae&#8217;n hollti ei chorff yn ddwy hanner.<\/p><p>O&#8217;r un hanner mae&#8217;n llunio cromen y nefoedd ac yn gosod bolltau rhag i&#8217;r dyfroedd lifo allan; o&#8217;r hanner arall, y ddaear. O&#8217;i llygaid mae&#8217;n gwneud i afonydd Ewffrates a Tigris darddu, ac o rannau eraill o&#8217;i chorff mynyddoedd a ffynhonnau.<\/p><p>Nid o&#8217;r dim y daw&#8217;r byd i fodolaeth yma, ond o gorff hollt bod cyntefig a orchfygwyd. Mae&#8217;r math hwn o chwedl greu, lle ffurfir rhannau&#8217;r byd o gorff bod cosmig a laddwyd, yn debyg i fytholegau eraill, er enghraifft chwedl Norsaidd y cawr Ymir.<\/p><p>Y datganiad diwinyddol pwysig o&#8217;r digwyddiad yw hwn: daw trefn o&#8217;r anhrefn a orchfygwyd, ac erys wedi&#8217;i llunio ohono. Y nefoedd yw corff Tiamat. Nid yw&#8217;r anhrefn wedi diflannu heb \u00f4l, ond wedi mynd i mewn i strwythur y byd. Mae&#8217;r syniad hwn yn rhoi i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Syniad am strwythur a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">gosmoleg<\/span> Babilonaidd ei thensiwn nodedig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp879b046 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp879b046\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3a61d80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3a61d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chwedl y frwydr anhrefn: Tiamat mewn ymchwil gymharol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf03eede e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf03eede\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp81f1c08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp81f1c08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y frwydr yn erbyn Tiamat yw&#8217;r enghraifft Fesopotamaidd fwyaf adnabyddus o batrwm naratif eang a elwir gan ysgolheigion yn <em>frwydr anhrefn<\/em>: dduw trefn yn trechu bod cyntefig anhrefnus, sy&#8217;n aml yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 d\u0175r neu ddreigiau, ac o&#8217;r fuddugoliaeth honno y daw&#8217;r byd neu&#8217;r awdurdod trefnus i fod.<\/p><p>Ceir naratifau cyffelyb yn y byd Gorllewin-Semitig, er enghraifft brwydr y duw tywydd Baal yn erbyn y m\u00f4r <em>Jam<\/em> yn nhestunau Wgarit, ac ym <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiau a draddodwyd mewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> Roegaidd frwydr Zews yn erbyn Typhon.<\/p><p>Ceir hefyd olion yn y Beibl Hebraeg: mewn sawl man, yn enwedig yn y Salmau a Llyfr Job, cyfeirir at frwydr Duw yn erbyn anghenfilod y m\u00f4r fel <em>Rahab<\/em> neu&#8217;r <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/leviathan\/\">Lefiathan<\/a>.<\/p><p>Daw&#8217;r term <em>brwydr anhrefn<\/em> o waith y diwinydd Hermann Gunkel, a nododd yn 1895 yn ei waith <em>Sch\u00f6pfung und Chaos in Urzeit und Endzeit<\/em> y cysylltiadau rhwng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiau a draddodwyd mewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> Fabilonaidd a thestunau Beiblaidd. Ysgogodd ei ddamcaniaethau ddadl sy&#8217;n parhau hyd heddiw.<\/p><p>Mae ysgolheigion diweddarach wedi bod yn fwy gofalus. Pwysleisiant nad yw tebygrwydd ieithyddol fel yr un rhwng <em>Tiamat<\/em> a <em>tehom<\/em> yn profi dibyniaeth lenyddol uniongyrchol.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n debygol fod diwylliannau&#8217;r Hen Ddwyrain wedi rhannu corpws naratifau cyffredin, y datblygodd pob un ei fersiwn ei hun ohono. Yn y darlun hwn nid Tiamat yw ffynhonnell yr holl chwedlau cysylltiedig, ond mae&#8217;n gyswllt a draddodwyd yn eithriadol o fanwl mewn traddodiad ehangach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp89c5abb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp89c5abb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ffef82 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ffef82\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tiamat mewn dehongliad modern: o'r testun cwneifform i frenhines y dreigiau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf6f8e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf6f8e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpebb5771 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpebb5771\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dechreuodd ailddarganfyddiad Tiamat yn y 19eg ganrif. Canfuwyd llechi clai&#8217;r <em>Enuma Elish<\/em> mewn cloddiadau yn Nineve, a daeth yr Asyriolegwr Prydeinig George Smith \u00e2 hwy i sylw&#8217;r cyhoedd yn y 1870au. Bu i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau, a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">fyth<\/span> a fu&#8217;n anghofiedig am dros ddwy fileniwm ddod yn \u00f4l i ymwybyddiaeth pobl.<\/p><p>Yn y llenyddiaeth academaidd, trinnir Tiamat er hynny fel ffigwr allweddol yng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad o strwythur a threfn y byd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">nghosmoleg<\/span> Mesopotamaidd. Yn nehongliad poblogaidd, fodd bynnag, mae hi wedi datblygu gyrfa ei hun, wedi ei datgysylltu&#8217;n rhannol o&#8217;r ffynonellau gwreiddiol. Mae&#8217;r darlun o ddreigiau enfawr yn gyffredin.<\/p><p>Nid yw&#8217;r testunau hynafol eu hunain yn disgrifio Tiamat yn glir fel draig; maent yn siarad amdani yn hytrach fel m\u00f4r a mam. Mae&#8217;r ffurf ddraig yn bennaf yn ddyfais fodern, sy&#8217;n tarddu o&#8217;r ffaith fod Tiamat yn arwain lluoedd o ddreigiau a nadroedd.<\/p><p>Bu&#8217;r g\u00eam r\u00f4l-chwarae <em>Dungeons &amp; Dragons<\/em> yn arbennig o ddylanwadol, gan gyflwyno Tiamat ers y 1970au fel brenhines ddrwg bum-pen o ddreigiau. Trwy hyn a gemau tebyg, ynghyd \u00e2 nofelau, comics a gemau cyfrifiadurol, mae&#8217;r enw&#8217;n adnabyddus i gynulleidfa fawr nad yw&#8217;n gyfarwydd \u00e2&#8217;r gwreiddiol Babilonaidd.<\/p><p>O safbwynt astudiaethau crefydd, mae&#8217;n bwysig gwahanu&#8217;r haen hon yn glir oddi wrth y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a chwedlau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> hynafol. Creadigaeth ddiwylliant ffantasi yw&#8217;r ddraig fodern Tiamat; Tiamat yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen fyd<\/span> yw&#8217;r llifeiriant heli personoledig, y famfawr gyntefig a&#8217;r anhrefn a drechwyd mewn cerdd ddysgedig Fabilonaidd. Mae&#8217;r ddwy&#8217;n dwyn yr un enw, ond yn perthyn i wahanol fydoedd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/marduk\/\">Marduk, y buddugwr yn yr Enuma Elish<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enki\/\">Enki\/Ea, sy&#8217;n lladd Apsu ar ddechrau&#8217;r myth<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/anu\/\">Anu, ei mab \/ ei \u0175yr<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia, trosolwg pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/anti-dduwiau\/\">Gwrth-dduwiau, is-gategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarthiadau<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Lambert, Wilfred G.: <em>Babylonian Creation Myths<\/em>. Winona Lake 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Heidel, Alexander: <em>The Babylonian Genesis. The Story of Creation<\/em>. Chicago 1951.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Watkins, Calvert: <em>How to Kill a Dragon. Aspects of Indo-European Poetics<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Gol.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (cofnod &bdquo;Tiamat&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Llyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00fb941 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"00fb941\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2decbcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2decbcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cwestiynau Cyffredin am Tiamat<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pwy oedd Tiamat yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Babilonaidd?<\/h3><p>Tiamat yw duwies gyntefig cefnfor y d\u0175r hallt yn y myth creu Babilonaidd Enuma Elish. Hi a&#8217;i priod Apsu (cefnfor y d\u0175r croyw) yw&#8217;r bodau cyntaf; wrth i&#8217;w dyfroedd gymysgu, cr\u00ebir y cenedlaethau cyntaf o dduwiau. Ond mae&#8217;r duwiau iau yn swnllyd ac yn aflonyddu; mae Apsu&#8217;n dymuno eu lladd.<\/p><p>Mae Tiamat yn oedi, ond ar \u00f4l marwolaeth Apsu ei hun (trwy law Ea), mae&#8217;n rhyddhau byddin o ddreigiau a chreaduriaid erchyll i ddial. Marduk, yr ieuengaf o&#8217;r duwiau, sy&#8217;n ei threchu yn y diwedd mewn un frwydr.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Sut y creodd Marduk y byd o gorff Tiamat?<\/h3><p>Ar \u00f4l trechu Tiamat, mae Marduk yn hollti ei chorff yn ddwy ran: o&#8217;r hanner uchaf mae&#8217;n creu cromen y nen (gyda&#8217;r s\u00ear a llwybr yr haul), ac o&#8217;r hanner isaf mae&#8217;n creu&#8217;r ddaear, y mynyddoedd, ac afonydd Ewffrates a Thigris (o&#8217;i llygaid).<\/p><p>O waed ei arweinydd a laddwyd, Qingu, mae Marduk yn cymysgu clai ac yn creu&#8217;r bodau dynol cyntaf, wedi eu bwriadu i wasanaethu&#8217;r duwiau. Mae gan y myth creu hwn gyfochredd strwythurol \u00e2 naratif Genesis (rhannu&#8217;r dyfroedd, gwahanu&#8217;r nen a&#8217;r ddaear).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pwy oedd Tiamat yn fytholeg Babilonaidd?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Tiamat yw duwies gyntefig cefnfor y d\u0175r hallt yn y myth creu Babilonaidd Enuma Elish. Hi a'i priod Apsu (cefnfor y d\u0175r croyw) yw'r bodau cyntaf; wrth i'w dyfroedd gymysgu, cr\u00ebir y cenedlaethau cyntaf o dduwiau. Ond mae'r duwiau iau yn swnllyd ac yn aflonyddu; mae Apsu'n dymuno eu lladd.Mae Tiamat yn oedi, ond ar \u00f4l marwolaeth Apsu ei hun (trwy law Ea), mae'n rhyddhau byddin o ddreigiau a chreaduriaid erchyll i ddial. Marduk, yr ieuengaf o'r duwiau, sy'n ei threchu yn y diwedd mewn un frwydr.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Sut y creodd Marduk y byd o gorff Tiamat?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Ar \u00f4l trechu Tiamat, mae Marduk yn hollti ei chorff yn ddwy ran: o'r hanner uchaf mae'n creu cromen y nen (gyda'r s\u00ear a llwybr yr haul), ac o'r hanner isaf mae'n creu'r ddaear, y mynyddoedd, ac afonydd Ewffrates a Thigris (o'i llygaid).O waed ei arweinydd a laddwyd, Qingu, mae Marduk yn cymysgu clai ac yn creu'r bodau dynol cyntaf, wedi eu bwriadu i wasanaethu'r duwiau. Mae gan y myth creu hwn gyfochredd strwythurol \u00e2 naratif Genesis (rhannu'r dyfroedd, gwahanu'r nen a'r ddaear).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1638,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tiamat","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tiamat \u2013 Hen Ddraig a Chaos yn yr Enuma Elish","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Mam y duwiau, ymgnawdoliad y chaos, ei threchu gan Marduk a chreu'r byd o'i chorff.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"4","wesen_kultur":"mesopotamien","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191361","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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