{"id":191341,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191341"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"apollon","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/apollon\/","title":{"rendered":"Apollon"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191341\" class=\"elementor elementor-191341 elementor-2036 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apollon, duw o draddodiad Groeg<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Duw&#8217;r golau, cerddoriaeth, iach\u00e2d a&#8217;r oracl.<\/strong> Mae Apollon yn un o&#8217;r deuddeg Olympiad ac yn dduw amryddawn iawn o grefydd Groeg. Mab Zeus a Leto, gefell Artemis, mae&#8217;n ymgorffori trefn, harddwch a phroffwydoliaeth. Mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd sy'n gysegredig i addoli duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> yn Delphi yn fogail y byd hynafol; mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle ceir datganiad dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> yn llywio penderfyniadau brenhinoedd a meidrolion fel yr un.<\/p><p>Mae Apollon yn dduw o draddodiad Groeg, yn noddwr celfyddyd iach\u00e1u, cerddoriaeth a&#8217;r oracl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf wedi'i bersonoli o fewn pantheon diwylliant, gyda meysydd cyfrifoldeb clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd a mytholeg Gwlad Groeg hynafol o'r cyfnod Mycenaidd hyd yr Hen Oesoedd Diweddar.\">Gwlad Groeg<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_apollon-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193678\" alt=\"Apollon - Duwiau o draddodiad Gwlad Groeg, darluniadol hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_apollon-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_apollon-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_apollon-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_apollon.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apollon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar gip: Apollon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Prif dduwdod Groegaidd, duw&#8217;r Awenau, iach\u00e2d, golau a phroffwydoliaeth<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Gwlad Groeg (un o&#8217;r deuddeg Olympiad), wedi ei fabwysiadu&#8217;n ddigyfnewid yn Rhufeinig<br>Swyddogaeth: cerddoriaeth a barddoniaeth, iach\u00e2d a phla, saethyddiaeth, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle ceir datganiad dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span>, cymedroldeb (mhd\u00e9n \u00e1gan)<br>Priodoleddau prif: bwa gyda saethau arian, cithara (telyn), torch lawrlys, tripod<br>Prif fannau cwlt: Delphi (prif oracl y byd hynafol), Delos (man geni), Claros, Didyma, Patara<br>Cymar Rhufeinig: Apollo (yn ddigyfnewid)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Apollon yn ganolog i fytholeg Roegaidd ers Homer (8g CC). Datblygodd ei brif ganolfan gwlt <em>Delffi<\/em> mae&#8217;n debyg yn yr 8g CC (dros hen safle <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> daearol Gaia\/Themis), a daeth yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoli duw neu dduwies.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> banhelenaidd, gan aros am bron 1000 mlynedd yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> pwysicaf y byd hynafol, hyd nes iddo gael ei gau yn 392 OC dan Theodosius.<\/p><p>Prif gyfnod diwinyddiaeth Apollon: y 5ed\/4edd ganrif CC (Pindar, Aischylos, Sophocles, Platon). Yn yr Ymerodraeth Rufeinig, gwnaeth Awgwstus <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Apollon yn rhaglen wladwriaethol: roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad wedi'i gysegru i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">teml<\/span> Apollo Palatinus yn Rhufain yn gysegrfa ganolog i&#8217;r ymerodraeth. Daeth dirywiad gyda diwedd yr hen fyd; y broffwydoliaeth olaf gan y Pythia yn Delffi oedd yn 393 OC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif ganolfannau&#8217;r gwlt: <strong>Delffi<\/strong> (yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> Pythaidd, banhelenaidd, gyda&#8217;r enwog Pythia, a gyhoeddai ei phroffwydoliaethau mewn llesmair uwch anweddau daearol), <strong>Delos<\/strong> (man geni chwedlonol, ynys sanctaidd banhelenaidd lle gwaharddwyd genedigaeth), <strong>Claros<\/strong> (Asia Leiaf, ail <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> pwysig), <strong>Didyma<\/strong> (ger Miletus, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad wedi'i gysegru i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">teml<\/span> Apollon gyda&#8217;i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> ei hun), <strong>Patara<\/strong> (Lycia, canolfan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> y gaeaf).<\/p><p>Roedd <em>Gemau Pythaidd<\/em> Delffi (bob 4 blynedd) ymhlith y pedwar g\u00eam banhelenaidd. Yn Rhufain: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad wedi'i gysegru i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">teml<\/span> Apollo Palatinus (cyfnod Awgwstaidd), teml Sosianus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymhlith y ffynonellau canolog mae Hesiod (Theogoni) a hefyd Iliad ac Odysea Homer. Maent yn ganolog gan fod Apollon yn dduw Groegaidd pwysicaf yn yr Iliad ar ochr Troea. Yn ogystal, mae&#8217;r Hymn Homerig i Apollon fel testun hwyaf Apollon, sy&#8217;n trin agweddau Delos a Delphi ill dwy. Ffynonellau eraill yw Pindar (Odau Pythaidd), Eumenides Aeschylus, Plutarch (De Defectu Oraculorum, myfyrdod diweddar ar ddirywiad yr oracl) a Disgrifiad Groeg Pausanias, Llyfr X (topograffeg Delphi).<\/p><p>Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Burkert, <em>Griechische Religion<\/em>; Graf, <em>Apollo<\/em>; Bowden, <em>Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle<\/em>; Fontenrose, <em>The Delphic Oracle<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Apollon fel llanc golygus, di-farf, yn aml gyda lyra yn ei ddwylo neu gyda saeth a bwa. Ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> yw&#8217;r haul (er mai Helios yw&#8217;r personoliad duw&#8217;r haul uniongyrchol).<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r dorch lawrlys, y wialen aur (<em>thyrsos<\/em>), a&#8217;r frwydr yn erbyn nadroedd (y gad yn erbyn Python) yn addurno ei ddelweddiaeth. Ei liwiau yw aur a gwyn; ei anifail yw&#8217;r fr\u00e2n, ei goeden yw&#8217;r llawryf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Addolir Apollon mewn tri phrif agwedd: fel Iachawr (duw sy&#8217;n anfon a gwella pla), fel Gweledydd (trwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle mae ateb dwyfol yn cael ei geisio.\" tabindex=\"0\">Oracl<\/span> Delffi), a fel Cerddor (dyfeisiwr a meistr y delyn). Mae ei offeiriadaeth yn Delffi yn adnabyddus am atebion <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle mae ateb dwyfol yn cael ei geisio.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> awgrymog ac amwys, sy&#8217;n llywio tynged.<\/p><p>Priodolir y ddywediad Delffig \u00bbAdnabod dy hunan\u00ab i Apollon. Gw\u00eal Pythagoreaid a Phlatonwyr ynddo ymgorfforiad cytgord a rheswm. Mae ei wyliau blynyddol yn Delffi a Delos yn dwyn ynghyd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Person sy'n mynd ar daith \u00e2 chymhelliad crefyddol i le sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">bererinion<\/span> o Hellas gyfan.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddangosiad a Symboliaeth<\/strong><\/p><p>Ymgorffora Apollon y corff ephebig delfrydol, ifanc, blewog, cyhyrog, yn aml wedi&#8217;i ddangos yn noeth gyda&#8217;r delyn, ei brif offeryn cerddorol. Mae ei nodweddion eiconograffig yn benodol: y delyn (dyfais Hermes, a gafwyd gan Apollon), y bwa a&#8217;r cawell saethau (arfau ei angau), a&#8217;r goron lawryf (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> ei fuddugoliaeth dros y Python a gwobr y beirdd).<\/p><p>Y blaidd oedd ei anifail sanctaidd, ynghyd \u00e2&#8217;r fr\u00e2n, y ddau&#8217;n symbolau o broffwydoliaeth. Roedd y goeden lawryf yn sanctaidd iddo; cn\u00f4dd y Pythia yn Delffi ddail lawryf cyn ei phroffwydoliaethau. Ei liw oedd lliw aur yr haul; treiddiodd ei olau bob dirnadaeth artistig a ysbrydol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Apollon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y prif agweddau ar Apollon ar gip. Mae&#8217;r meysydd isod yn crynhoi ei darddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymariaethau diwylliannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun Diwylliannol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mab Zeus a&#8217;r Titan <em>Leto<\/em> yw Apollon, gefell <em>Artemis<\/em>. Ganwyd ar ynys Delos, lle cafodd Leto (wedi&#8217;i erlid gan Hera) noddfa. Dridiau ar \u00f4l ei eni, lladdodd Apollon y ddraig Python yn Delffi a chymryd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle mae ateb dwyfol yn cael ei geisio.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> gan y dduwies bridd cyn-Hellenaidd Themis.<\/p><p>Ymhlith ei berthnasau llenyddol mae Daphne (a drawsffurfiwyd yn goeden lawryf, o&#8217;r herwydd ei goron lawryf), Cassandra (i bwy y rhoddodd rodd proffwydoliaeth, ond wedyn tynnu credinedd), Hyacinthos (y cariad a fu&#8217;n farw drwy daflu disgen, mae Apollon yn cofio ei farwolaeth yng ng\u0175yl y Hyacinthia), Cyrene (sylfaenwraig y ddinas o&#8217;r un enw). Tad Asclepius (duw&#8217;r meddyginiaeth) a llawer o farwolion proffwydol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Targedau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Swyddogaeth ddeuol yn nodweddiadol o Apollon: <em>Anfonwr Pla<\/em> (dechrau&#8217;r Iliad, mae&#8217;r pla yng ngwersyll y Groegiaid yn gosb Apollon) a <em>Duw Iachau<\/em> (tad Asclepius, noddwr meddygon). Noddwr <em>cerddoriaeth a barddoniaeth<\/em>, arweinydd y naw Awen ar Helicon. Noddwr <em>saethyddiaeth<\/em> gyda saethau arian.<\/p><p><em>Duw yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle mae ateb dwyfol yn cael ei geisio.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span><\/em> par excellence, roedd ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad sy'n gwasanaethu addoliad un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> yn Delffi yn ganolfan grefyddol y byd Groegaidd. <em>Duw&#8217;r Goleuni<\/em> (Apollon Phoebus, &#8220;yr un Disglair&#8221;), yn ddiweddarach mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfuniad o gysyniadau neu dduwiau o wahanol draddodiadau crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretiaeth<\/span> gyda Helios fel duw&#8217;r haul. Noddwr <em>purdeb<\/em> ac <em>ymataliaeth<\/em> (mae dywediadau Delffig &#8220;Adnabod dy hunan&#8221; a &#8220;Dim gormodedd&#8221; yn ddywediadau Apollon). Noddwr defodau cychwyniad dynion ifanc (Ephebia).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffurf<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dyn ifanc, hardd, di-farf gyda gwallt hir cyrliog, delwedd ddelfrydol o brydferthwch gwrywaidd Groegaidd, wedi&#8217;i chanoneiddio gan gerflun <em>Apollon Belvedere<\/em>. Noeth neu gyda lliain-glun ysgafn \/ mantell. <em>Coron lawryf<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Daphne) ar ei ben. <em>Bwa a chawell saethau<\/em> (saethau arian, dim pres fel gyda Artemis).<\/p><p><em>Cithara<\/em> (telyn gyda chorff atsain mwy) yn ei law, yn ei chanu wrth fwrdd y duwiau. <em>Trybedd<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> oracl Delffi). Yn cael cwmni&#8217;r Pythia (mewn darluniau o Delffi). Mewn celf archaig weithiau&#8217;n dal \u00e2 barf hir, yn glasurol yn ifanc a di-farf.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maes Dylanwad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Roedd Apollon yn un o&#8217;r duwiau Groegaidd mwyaf addolus. Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> personol, gelwid arno am iach\u00e2d (yn arbennig ar gyfer pla), ysbrydoliaeth cyn gweithgareddau barddol neu gerddorol, a phuredigaeth ar \u00f4l llofruddiaeth grefyddol (Apollon Puredigol).<\/p><p>Y cyswllt cyhoeddus pwysicaf ag Apollon oedd <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle mae ateb dwyfol yn cael ei geisio.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> Delffi<\/em>: teithiodd swyddogion a brenhinoedd o gwmpas y M\u00f4r Canoldir cyfan i Delffi i geisio dywediadau&#8217;r Pythia am wleidyddiaeth, wladychiaeth, rhyfel, a phriodas.<\/p><p>Roedd y <em>Pythia<\/em> yn eistedd ar drybedd dros hollt yn y ddaear, yn cnoi dail lawryf ac yn siarad mewn perlewyg; roedd ei dywediadau&#8217;n cael eu gosod mewn penillion hecsameter gan offeiriaid. Prif wyliau: <em>Pythia<\/em> (bob 4 blynedd, panhellenaidd), <em>Carneia<\/em> (Sparta), <em>Hyacinthia<\/em> (Sparta), <em>Daphnephoria<\/em> (Thebes). Yn oes Awgwstaidd Rufeinig, Apollo-Ludi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffyrdd o amddiffyn<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bwa gyda saethau arian, cithara (lyra fwy), plectrwm, torch lawres (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> Daphne), trybedd (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb duwiol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span>), y garreg omphalos (Delffi, canol y byd), disg yr haul (yn ddiweddarach trwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfuniad syniadau neu dduwiau o wahanol draddodiadau crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretiaeth<\/span> Helios), alarch (aderyn cydymaith), dolffin (llysenw Apollon Delphinios). Planhigion cysegredig: llawres, palmwydd (symbol geni Delos). Anifeiliaid cysegredig: alarch, dolffin, blaidd, gryffin, llygoden (Apollon Smintheus, duw&#8217;r llygod).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogau Apollon<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Apollo<\/em> (Rhufain, mabwysiad bron yn union yr un peth), <em>Helios<\/em> (Groeg, cydweddoli diweddarach fel duw&#8217;r haul, cyfnod Helenistig), <em>Sol Invictus<\/em> (Rhufain, uniaethiad haul Rhufeinig hwyr, rhagflaenydd posibl symboliaeth Crist-Sol), <em>Mithra<\/em> (Persaidd, haul a gwirionedd), <em>S&ucirc;rya<\/em> (Hind\u0175aeth), <em>Re<\/em> (Yr Aifft, prif dduw&#8217;r haul), <em>Lugh<\/em> (Celtaidd, duw&#8217;r goleuni a&#8217;r crefftau lu), <em>Bragi<\/em> (Germanaidd, barddoniaeth), <em>Nergal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, agwedd cludwr pla). Yn swyddogaethol: rhennir agweddau Apollon gan bob nawddsant iach\u00e2d a&#8217;r swyddogaeth ddeuol iach\u00e2d-pla (fel Sekhmet).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Addoliad bob dydd<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Defodau a galwadau<\/strong><br>\nY <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb duwiol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> Delffig gyda&#8217;r Pythia oedd canolbwynt cwlt Apollon. Canwyd paeanau i wrthsefyll pla, a dathlwyd gwyliau&#8217;r Thargelia a&#8217;r Carneia. Mewn achosion o euogrwydd gwaed, Apollon oedd yr awdurdod canolog ar gyfer defodau puro (catharsis).<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Swynau a galwadau<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong>Trosglwyddiad testunol a fformiwl\u00e2u<\/strong><br>\nMae hymn Homerig i Apollon yn canu am eni&#8217;r duw a&#8217;i feysydd grym. Casglwyd a chrynhowyd geiriau&#8217;r oracl yn Delffi&#8217;n lenyddol, a ffurfiodd y paean genre hymn ar wah\u00e2n yng ngwasanaeth Apollon. Cyflwynodd Callimachos hymn iddo yntau.<\/p><\/div>\n\n<p><strong>Swynau ac arwyddion amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p>\n<div><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lluosog Apotropaion: gwrthrychau ac arwyddion sydd i fod i wrthsefyll drwg.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaia<\/span> materol a thystiolaeth archeolegol<\/strong><br>\nO flaen trothwyon tai safai Apollon Agyieus, colofn si\u00e2p c\u00f4n neu baityl a fwriadwyd i ddiogelu&#8217;r trothwy. Galwyd ar Apollon fel Alexikakos, &#8220;Gwrthsafwr Drygioni&#8221;; ystyriwyd cangau llawres yn buro ac amddiffynnol, a thystiolaethwyd hyn yn eang mewn cysegrfeydd fel Delffi.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apollon, cyfochrogau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ceir duwiau&#8217;r haul a duwiau goleuni ym mhob man: Helios (Groeg, duw&#8217;r haul pur), Ra (Yr Aifft), Surya (India), Shamash (Mesopotamia). Mae cysylltiad Apollon ag iach\u00e2d a cherddoriaeth yn unigryw, gan ei gysylltu ag Asclepios (ei fab) a&#8217;r Awenau.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n rhannu ei ddawn broffwydoliaeth gyda Athena a Zews, ond mae Delffi&#8217;n ei wneud yn unigryw. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, dechreuadau, a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> Python (y frwydr yn erbyn anhrefn) yn ei gysylltu \u00e2 duwiau trefn eraill fel Marduk neu Ra.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1700381 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1700381\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f41138 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6f41138\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Delffi: Yr Oracl a'r Frwydr yn erbyn y Ddraig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8c37b78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp8c37b78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe52e915 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe52e915\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle cysegredig wedi'i neilltuo i addoliad duw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> bwysicaf Apollon oedd Delffi ar lethr Parnasos. Yno rhoddai&#8217;r Pythia, offeiriades y duw, ddyfaliadau&#8217;r oracl a oedd o bwys ar draws byd diwylliannol Groeg gyfan.<\/p><p>Am ganrifoedd, ymgynghorodd unigolion preifat a dinasoedd cyfan \u00e2&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb duwiol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> cyn sefydlu gwladfeydd, cyn rhyfeloedd a phenderfyniadau gwleidyddol. Ystyrid Delffi yn ganol y byd; roedd carreg, yr <em>omphalos<\/em> neu&#8217;r bogail, yn nodi&#8217;r lle hwn.<\/p><p>Dywed y myth sylfaenu bod y safle ynghynt yn eiddo i rym cthonig. Yno lladdodd Apollon sarff neu ddraig, y cyfeiriodd y ffynonellau ato fel Python, a chymerodd feddiant o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle cysegredig wedi'i neilltuo i addoliad duw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span>.<\/p><p>O&#8217;r fuddugoliaeth hon deilliodd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a naratifau ar draws cenedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> lysenw <em>Pythios<\/em> ac enw&#8217;r offeiriades, Pythia. Mae hymn Homerig i Apollon yn disgrifio chwiliad y duw am safle cwlt a&#8217;r frwydr yn erbyn y ddraig yn fanwl.<\/p><p>Sut y gweithredai&#8217;r arferiad oraclaidd yn ymarferol yw mater dadleuol mewn ymchwil. Mae awduron <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groegaidd a Rhufeinig, tua 800 CC i 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hynafol<\/span> yn adrodd am nwyon o hollt yn y ddaear a fyddai wedi rhoi&#8217;r Pythia mewn cyflwr newidiedig.<\/p><p>Am amser hir ystyriwyd hyn yn chwedlonol, ond mae ymchwiliadau daearegol o&#8217;r degawdau diwethaf wedi dangos bod llinellau ffawtiau a strata sy&#8217;n cynhyrchu nwy yn bodoli mewn gwirionedd ar y safle, sy&#8217;n golygu nad yw&#8217;r adroddiadau hynafol i&#8217;w diystyru&#8217;n llwyr o leiaf.<\/p><p>Yr un peth sicr yw i&#8217;r offeiriaid roi ffurf ddehonglus i&#8217;r geiriau. Roedd Delffi felly yn llai o lais unigol dirgel ac yn fwy o sefydliad crefyddol sefydlog dros ganrifoedd, na ellir gorbrisio&#8217;i ddylanwad ar hanes Groeg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdc7e1a4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdc7e1a4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc520d80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpc520d80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Duw'r Gerddoriaeth a'r Ymryson gyda Marsyas<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp489dc4b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp489dc4b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09476ae elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp09476ae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Apollon yw duw cerddoriaeth, yn arbennig cerddoriaeth tannau. Ei offeryn yw&#8217;r cithara, math o delyn. Mae&#8217;n arwain corws y Musau ac o&#8217;r herwydd yn dwyn y llysenw <em>Musagetes<\/em>. Yn y feddylfryd Roegaidd, mae ei gerddoriaeth yn cynrychioli trefn, cymedroldeb a harmoni.<\/p><p>Ynghlwm \u00e2 hyn ceir gwrthgyferbyniad sy&#8217;n cael ei chwarae allan mewn sawl chwedl: y gwrthgyferbyniad \u00e2 cherddoriaeth ecstatig, wynt-yredig yr aulos, y ffliwt ddwbl.<\/p><p>Adroddir y gwrthgyferbyniad hwn yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl draddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">fyth<\/span> Marsyas. Mae&#8217;r satyr Marsyas yn dod o hyd i&#8217;r aulos a daflwyd ymaith gan Athena ac yn dod yn chwaraewr mor feistrolgar nes ei fod yn herio Apollon i gystadleuaeth. Mae&#8217;r Musau, neu dduwiau eraill, yn dyfarnu o blaid Apollon.<\/p><p>Fel cosb am yr haerllugrwydd hwn, mae&#8217;r duw yn peri i&#8217;r satyr gael ei flingo&#8217;n fyw. Daw cystadleuaeth gerddorol arall, gyda&#8217;r duw bugeiliol Pan, i ben yn llai trychinebus: yma mae&#8217;r Brenin Midas yn dyfarnu yn erbyn Apollon ac yn cael clustiau asyn yn gosb.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ddwy chwedl yn arwyddocaol o safbwynt astudiaethau crefyddol. Maent yn dosbarthu offerynnau a chwaeth gerddorol ac yn eu cysylltu \u00e2 meysydd duwiol gwahanol, cymedroldeb Apolonaidd a gorfoledd Dionysaidd-Panaidd. Ar y llaw arall, maent yn ymdrin \u00e2 thema haerllugrwydd (hubris): pwy bynnag sy&#8217;n herio duw, mae&#8217;n colli, a bydd y gosb yn ddidostur.<\/p><p>Roedd y bliniad creulon ar Marsyas yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailddigwydd mewn celf neu chwedl.\" tabindex=\"0\">thema<\/span> gyffredin yng nghelfyddyd hynafol. Mae&#8217;r chwedlau&#8217;n darlunio Apollon nid yn unig fel duw sy&#8217;n creu prydferthwch, ond hefyd fel gwarcheidwad diollwng dros drefn rhwng dynion, hanner-dduwiau a duwiau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf8b6185 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf8b6185\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b71bb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b71bb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Iachawr a phorthor pla: Ambaleidiaeth Apollon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3246e98 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp3246e98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp55aa28d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp55aa28d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Apollon yw duw iach\u00e2d, ond yn yr un pryd y duw sy&#8217;n anfon pla. Nid nodwedd ymylol yw&#8217;r natur ddeuol hon, ond craidd ei fodolaeth. Mae dechrau&#8217;r <em>Iliad<\/em> yn dangos hyn eisoes: gan fod y Brenin Agamemnon wedi sarhau offeiriad Apollon, Chryses, mae&#8217;r duw yn anfon pla ar fyddin y Groegiaid.<\/p><p>Saethau Apollon, sy&#8217;n arferol yn ddarluniau o farwolaeth sydyn dynion unigol, sydd yma yn taro gwersylloedd cyfan. Dim ond wedi cymodi&#8217;r duw drwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrwm<\/span> a dychwelyd y ferch a gipiwyd y mae&#8217;r pla yn dod i ben.<\/p><p>Ar y llaw arall, Apollon yw tad Asglepius, duw&#8217;r iach\u00e2d. Mae Apollon ei hun yn dwyn llysenwau sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig ag iach\u00e2d, megis <em>Paian<\/em>, a oedd yn wreiddiol enw duw iach\u00e2d a ymdoddodd ag ef, ac a ddaeth yn ogystal i olygu c\u00e2n litwrgaidd o iach\u00e2d. Yn y swyddogaeth hon addolwyd ef fel <em>Apollon Iatros<\/em>, y meddyg, neu fel gwrthyriedydd trallod.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil academaidd wedi tynnu sylw at yr ambaleidiaeth hon fel rhywbeth nodweddiadol o ddarlun duwiau&#8217;r Groegiaid. Apollon yw&#8217;r grym sydd \u00e2 rheolaeth dros fygythiadau sydyn a ddaw o&#8217;r tu allan, dros bla a marwolaeth sydyn cystal \u00e2 thros eu gwrthyriad a&#8217;u hiach\u00e2d. Roedd pwy bynnag oedd yn dymuno gwrthyrio salwch yn gorfod troi at yr union rym allai ei anfon.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Mae&#8217;r llysenwau <em>Apotropaios<\/em>, y Gwrthyriedydd, a <em>Alexikakos<\/em>, Gwrthyriedydd Drwg, yn perthyn i&#8217;r cyd-destun hwn. Ni ddylid camddeall y syniad hwn fel addewid iach\u00e2d; mae&#8217;n adlewyrchu ymdrech <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groegaidd a Rhufeinig, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">hynafol<\/span> i ddehongli digwyddiad na ellid ei reoli, fel epidemig, o safbwynt crefyddol, a&#8217;i ateb yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i drefn ddefodol grefyddol sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefodol<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b1080d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b1080d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpaf6ecda elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpaf6ecda\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Apolonaidd a Dionysaidd: Hanes dehongli modern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp124e603 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp124e603\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp98d9cc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp98d9cc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae enw Apollon wedi mynd y tu hwnt i&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hynafiaeth<\/span> i ddod yn derm mewn theori diwylliannol. Roedd Friedrich Nietzsche yn allweddol yn hyn o beth: yn ei waith cynnar <em>Die Geburt der Trag\u00f6die<\/em> (1872), gosododd yr Apolonaidd a&#8217;r Dionysaidd yn ddau rym sylfaenol gwrthgyferbyniol o fewn diwylliant Groegaidd a chelfyddyd yn gyffredinol.<\/p><p>Iddo ef, mae&#8217;r Apolonaidd yn cynrychioli mesur, ffurf, eglurder, ymddangosiad hardd a phenodolrwydd, tra bo&#8217;r Dionysaidd yn cynrychioli meddwdod, chwalu ffiniau a hydoddiant ecstatig yn y cyfanrwydd.<\/p><p>Cafodd y syniad hwn ddylanwad enfawr ar hanes deallusol yr 20fed ganrif, o astudiaethau llenyddol hyd anthropoleg. Daeth yn fformiwla gyfarwydd i fynegi gwrthgyferbyniad rheswm a meddwdod, trefn a anhrefn.<\/p><p>Yn wyddonol o safbwynt astudiaethau crefydd, dylid bod yn ofalus yma. Mae p\u00e2r cysyniadol Nietzsche yn adeiladwaith athronyddol o&#8217;r 19eg ganrif, nid disgrifiad o grefydd hynafol. Yn y grefydd Roegaidd fyw, nid oedd Apollon a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/dionysos\/\">Dionysos<\/a> o angenrheidrwydd yn wrthwynebwyr yn unig.<\/p><p>I&#8217;r gwrthwyneb, mae Delffi ei hun yn dangos y cyd-blethiad. Yno, teyrnasai Apollon am ran fwyaf o&#8217;r flwyddyn, ond yn ystod misoedd y gaeaf, pan orffwysai&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Safle neu sefydliad lle ceir ateb dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span>, ystyrid y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoli duw neu dduwies.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> yn safle i Dionysos.<\/p><p>Rhannai&#8217;r ddau dduw&#8217;r un lle sanctaidd. Mae ymchwil, er enghraifft gan Walter Burkert, wedi pwysleisio nad oedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> Groeg yn rhannu&#8217;n wersylloedd sefydlog, ond y gallai&#8217;r un dirwedd gwlt gynnwys agweddau dwyfol gwahanol.<\/p><p>Mae gyrfa&#8217;r term Apolonaidd felly&#8217;n dweud mwy am ddehongliad diwylliannol modern nag am y duw hynafol ei hun, enghraifft ddysgeidiol o&#8217;r gwahaniaeth rhwng ffynhonnell hanesyddol a mabwysiadu diweddarach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/artemis\/\">Artemis, gefeilles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/dionysos\/\">Dionysos, dyblyg gwrthgyferbyniol yng nghwlt Delphi (Apollon-y-gaeaf, haf)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate, dduwies y croesffyrdd (swyddogaeth cthonig gysylltiedig)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lugh\/\">Lugh, cyfochr golau Celtaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\">Gwlad Groeg, trosolwg pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-uchel\/\">Duwiau uchel, isgategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarth<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Graf, Fritz: <em>Apollo<\/em>. Llundain\/New York 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bowden, Hugh: <em>Classical Athens and the Delphic Oracle. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Term cyffredinol am arferion i ganfod ewyllys duwiol.\" tabindex=\"0\">Divination<\/span> and Democracy<\/em>. Cambridge 2005.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Fontenrose, Joseph: <em>The Delphic Oracle. Its Responses and Operations<\/em>. Berkeley 1978.<\/span><\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Beschreibung Griechenlands<\/em>, Cyfrol X (Delphi).<\/li><li>Plutarch: <em>De Defectu Oraculorum<\/em>; <em>De Pythiae Oraculis<\/em>.<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Gol.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (cofnod &bdquo;Apollon&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e51d194 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e51d194\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cdc7d7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3cdc7d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cwestiynau Cyffredin am Apollon<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pwy yw Apollon yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Roegaidd?<\/h3><p>Apollon yw un o&#8217;r deuddeg duw Olympaidd, mab Zeus a&#8217;r Titaness Leto, ac efaill Artemis.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n dduw goleuni, y celfyddydau (yn enwedig cerddoriaeth a barddoniaeth), iach\u00e2d a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhagfynegi digwyddiadau'r dyfodol trwy ddulliau crefyddol neu hudol.\" tabindex=\"0\">darogan<\/span>. Ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Man cysegredig a neilltuwyd i addoli duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> bwysicaf oedd Delphi wrth droed Parnassus, lle llefarai&#8217;r Pythia ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Man neu sefydliad lle ceisir arwyddair dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oraclau<\/span> enwog.<\/p><p>Lladdodd Apollon y ddraig Python (neu&#8217;r sarff) yn union lle safai&#8217;r gysegrfa yn ddiweddarach, chwedl glasurol am ladd draig. Fe&#8217;i hystyrir yn dduw Groegaidd delfrydol: hardd, ifanc, yn pwysleisio rheswm, yn Apolinaidd (yn ystyr Nietzsche, yn wrthgyferbyniad i&#8217;r Dionysaidd).<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Beth oedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Man neu sefydliad lle ceisir arwyddair dwyfol.\" tabindex=\"0\">oracl<\/span> Delphi?<\/h3><p>Oracl Delphi oedd y gysegrfa oracl bwysicaf yn y byd Groegaidd, ac ymgynghorwyd ag ef am tua mil o flynyddoedd (o tua 800 CC hyd 393 OC pan gaeodd Theodosius ef).<\/p><p>Byddai&#8217;r Pythia, offeiriades ar drybedd uwchben hollt yn y ddaear yr oedd anwedd yn codi ohoni (nwyon a gynhwysai ethylen o bosibl, yn \u00f4l astudiaethau daearegol modern), yn cyflwyno atebion Apollon mewn perlewyg. Gofynnid cwestiynau gwleidyddol, milwrol a phersonol; roedd yr atebion yn aml yn amwys (yr enghraifft chwedlonol yw&#8217;r oracl am y &#8220;fur bren&#8221; a roddwyd i Themistocles cyn brwydr Salamis).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pwy yw Apollon yn y fytholeg Roegaidd?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Apollon yw un o'r deuddeg duw Olympaidd, mab Zeus a'r Titaness Leto, ac efaill Artemis.Mae'n dduw goleuni, y celfyddydau (yn enwedig cerddoriaeth a barddoniaeth), iach\u00e2d a darogan. Ei gysegrfa bwysicaf oedd Delphi wrth droed Parnassus, lle llefarai'r Pythia ei oraclau enwog.Lladdodd Apollon y ddraig Python (neu'r sarff) yn union lle safai'r gysegrfa yn ddiweddarach, chwedl glasurol am ladd draig. Fe'i hystyrir yn dduw Groegaidd delfrydol: hardd, ifanc, yn pwysleisio rheswm, yn Apolinaidd (yn ystyr Nietzsche, yn wrthgyferbyniad i'r Dionysaidd).\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Beth oedd oracl Delphi?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Oracl Delphi oedd y gysegrfa oracl bwysicaf yn y byd Groegaidd, ac ymgynghorwyd ag ef am tua mil o flynyddoedd (o tua 800 CC hyd 393 OC pan gaeodd Theodosius ef).Byddai'r Pythia, offeiriades ar drybedd uwchben hollt yn y ddaear yr oedd anwedd yn codi ohoni (nwyon a gynhwysai ethylen o bosibl, yn \u00f4l astudiaethau daearegol modern), yn cyflwyno atebion Apollon mewn perlewyg. Gofynnid cwestiynau gwleidyddol, milwrol a phersonol; roedd yr atebion yn aml yn amwys (yr enghraifft chwedlonol yw'r oracl am y fur bren a roddwyd i Themistocles cyn brwydr Salamis).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1577,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Apollon","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Apollon \u2013 Duw'r Golau a'r Oracl yng Ngwlad Groeg","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Duw'r golau, cerddoriaeth, iach\u00e2d a'r oracl. Delphi, Pythia a'r drefn yn chwedloniaeth Groeg.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191341","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Apollon \u2013 Duw&#039;r Golau a&#039;r Oracl yng Ngwlad Groeg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Duw&#039;r golau, cerddoriaeth, iach\u00e2d a&#039;r oracl. 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