{"id":191328,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191328"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"enma-o","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/","title":{"rendered":"Enma-\u014d"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191328\" class=\"elementor elementor-191328 elementor-2006 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enma O, Barnwr y Damniedig a Rheolwr Uffern<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enma O yw duw traddodiad Japan.<\/p><p><strong>Barnwr y damniedig, rheolwr uffern Fwdhaidd.<\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf personolwyd o fewn pantheon diwylliant, gyda chyfrifoldebau clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/japan\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Byd Kami Shinto Japan a bydoedd Bwdhaidd-yokai.\">Japan<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwiau'r isfyd a marwolaeth, rheolwyr y byd a ddaw, barnwyr y meirw, tywyswyr eneidiau.\">Duwdod y Meirw<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193525\" alt=\"Enma O - duwiau o draddodiad Japan, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enma O<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar Gipolwg: Enma O<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enma-\u014d yw&#8217;r ffurf Ddwyreiniol Asiaidd ar y duw Indiaidd Yama, a ddaeth trwy Y\u00e1nlu\u00f3-W\u00e1ng Tsieina yn \u00f4l ysgol Tendai. Dogfennwyd ef ym Mwdhaeth Dwyrain Asia er tua&#8217;r 8fed ganrif, ac ymledodd yn arbennig trwy ysgolion Tendai a Shingon. Fel cadeirydd y deg barnwr uffern (J\u016b\u014d), penderfyna ar dynged yr enaid ar y seithfed diwrnod ar \u00f4l marwolaeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Daw&#8217;r ffynonellau Japaneaidd hynaf sydd wedi goroesi am Enma-\u014d o ddiwedd yr 8fed ganrif a dechrau&#8217;r 9fed ganrif, wedi&#8217;u plethu i drosglwyddiad cosmolegau uffern Bwdhaidd o Tsieina. Mae&#8217;r <em>Nihon Ry\u014diki<\/em> (tua 822) yn cynnwys chwedlau cynnar lle mae Enma-\u014d yn holi&#8217;r meirw.<\/p><p>Yn y 12fed ganrif, caiff system y deg barnwr uffern ei sefydlogi gydag Enma-\u014d fel cadeirydd; datblygir y repertoire eiconograffig safonol (coron, croen tywyll, drych, tabled ysgrifennu) yn oes Kamakura.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd addoliad Enma-\u014d yn lledaenu ar draws byd Bwdhaidd Dwyrain Asia, o ddinasoedd teml mawr Ky\u014dto a Nara i safleoedd pererindod gwledig.<\/p><p>Yn arbennig o ddylanwadol oedd ei ddarlun mewn neuaddau teml Fwdhaidd, lle roedd cerfluniau&#8217;r barnwr uffern i annog y byw i hunanarchwiliad moesegol. Cydiodd theatr y werin yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> hwn o&#8217;r 14eg ganrif ymlaen; ymddengys Enma-\u014d mewn dram\u00e2u N\u014d a Kabuki yn rheolaidd fel ffigwr y farn anllygredig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil hanes crefyddol ar Enma-\u014d yn seiliedig ar sylfaen ffynonellau eang: sutraau Bwdhaidd canonaidd mewn cyfieithiad Tsieineaidd, casgliadau Setsuwa Bwdhaidd Tendai, tabledi eiconograffig (J\u016b\u014d-zu) a chwedlau gwerin Otogi-z\u014dshi. Daw&#8217;r gweithiau safonol canolog o ethnoleg grefyddol ranbarthol ac ymchwil Bwdhaidd rhyngwladol; caiff llyfryddiaeth ddethol ar gyfer pob endid ei diweddaru&#8217;n barhaus yn y geiriadur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Portreedir Enma-\u014d fel ffigwr enfawr, cyhyrog gyda chroen coch dwfn neu ddu-las. Saif ei wallt ar d\u00e2n, mae ei lygaid yn llosgi fel marwor poeth. Gwisga wisg wedi&#8217;i addurno \u00e2 broc\u00ead ac eistedda ar orsedd uchel.<\/p><p>Yn ei ddwylo mae&#8217;n dal cleddyf barnwrol (<em>kensaku<\/em>) ac yn aml lyfr cofnodion mawr neu sgr\u00f4l gyda&#8217;r cronfa karma ar gyfer pob enaid. Y symbolau yw gwarcheidwaid uffern (<em>oni<\/em>), afon y damniedig a lefelau amrywiol uffern o dan ei deyrnas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Enma-\u014d yn derbyn pob enaid yn syth ar \u00f4l marwolaeth. Yn llys y meirw, gwasanaetha offeiriaid lleyg neu weithredoedd drwg y person ei hun fel erlynwyr, tra nad yw&#8217;r llyfr cofnodion yn dweud celwydd. Nid yw Enma-\u014d yn negodi, mae&#8217;n gweithredu&#8217;r ddedfryd. Mae ei benderfyniad yn pennu&#8217;r ailenedigaeth nesaf o fewn y chwe pharth bywyd (<em>Rokud\u014d<\/em>).<\/p><p>Nid cosb yn unig yw ei deyrnas, ond cydbwysedd karmig: llwybr caregog, olew berw, neu ddychwelyd fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endid corfforol na chredir sydd yn dylanwadu ar y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span> newynog. Yn ysgol Tendai, cynhelir cysegrfeydd bach i Enma-\u014d mewn temlau lleol, yn aml gyda cherfluniau <em>Jiz\u014d<\/em> gerllaw, sy&#8217;n symboleiddio cymorth i blant damniedig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Enma O<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan, Enma-O yw barnwr y meirw, sy&#8217;n dyfarnu ar y meirw yn \u00f4l eu gweithredoedd. Portreedir ef fel arfer fel swyddog cynddeiriog mewn gwisg swyddogol Tsieineaidd gyda het farnwrol a thabled swyddogol. Mae ei ffigwr yn cyfuno haenau traddodiad Indiaidd, Tsieineaidd a Japaneaidd i ffurfio cymeriad unigryw o gred y werin ac o gelfyddyd deml.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enma-O yw&#8217;r addasiad Japaneaidd-Fwdhaidd o Yanluo Tsieineaidd, sydd \u00e2&#8217;i wreiddyn yn yr <em>Yama<\/em> Indiaidd, duw Fedig y meirw a&#8217;r marwol cyntaf (Rigveda 10.14). Gyda lledaeniad Bwdhaeth Mahayana ar draws Canolbarth Asia, cyrhaeddodd cysyniad Yama Tsieina yn y 6ed-8fed ganrif, a datblygodd yno i fod yn Yanluo Wang, brenin y deg uffern.<\/p><p>Yn y 9fed-10fed ganrif, mabwysiadodd Bwdhaeth Japan y system hon gyda&#8217;r <em>J\u016b\u014d<\/em> (deg brenin). Saif Enma-O yn y drefn hon yn y safle uchaf. Yn hanesyddol grefyddol, cyfunodd athrawiaeth karma Indiaidd, cysyniad biwrocratiaeth swyddogol Tsieineaidd, a chredoau&#8217;r meirw Japaneaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa Darged Enma O<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn Japan, roedd pobl a oedd yn poeni am dynged y meirw yn ymwneud ag Enma-O yn bennaf, gan geisio ennill dyfarniad ffafriol trwy rwygolion a gwasanaethau coffa. Yn ogystal, gwasanaethai ei ffigwr addysg foesol: byddai rhieni a themlau yn dangos y barnwr caeth i blant, er enghraifft gyda&#8217;r bygythiad hysbys y bydd Enma yn rhwygo tafod celwyddgwn allan. Roedd temlau \u00e2 cherfluniau Enma, er enghraifft yn Kyoto a Tokyo, yn ganolfannau ar gyfer eiriolaeth dros y meirw, ac maent yn parhau i fod.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Portreedir Enma-O yn eiconograffig fel hen \u0175r brawychus gyda barf ddu hir, croen tywyll a llygaid llosg. Gwisga wisg swyddog Tsieineaidd o oes Tang gyda choron ymerodrol (<em>raikan<\/em>).<\/p><p>Yn ei ddwylo mae Llyfr Bywyd Aur (<em>j\u014dfuzu<\/em>), lle cofnodir pob gweithred karma, a theyrnwialen neu diwb ysgrifennu. O flaen ei dribiwnlys saif y cenhadon <em>Ni\u016b-T\u014d<\/em> (pen tarw) a <em>Ba-Mien<\/em> (wyneb ceffyl), yn ogystal \u00e2&#8217;r ysgrifennydd. Mae paentiadau&#8217;r deml (<em>jigoku-z\u014dshi<\/em> o oes Edo) yn ei ddarlunio wedi&#8217;i amgylchynu gan olygfeydd uffern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maes Dylanwad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Enma-O yw&#8217;r barnwr cyffredinol o&#8217;r holl feirw. Ar y seithfed o&#8217;r 49 diwrnod ar \u00f4l marwolaeth (y 49fed diwrnod ar \u00f4l y farwolaeth), cynhelir y prif gyfrifiad karma o flaen ei dribiwnlys. Ef sy&#8217;n penderfynu ar yr ailenedigaeth mewn un o&#8217;r chwe byd (duwiau, hanner-duwiau, dynion, anifeiliaid, ysbrydion newynog, uffernau).<\/p><p>Nid yw ei ddyfarniad yn fympwyol, ond yn dilyn karma yn gaeth (<em>dharmatig<\/em>). Mae&#8217;r rhai byw yn ei anrhydeddu hefyd i leddfu karma&#8217;r meirw. Yn ardaloedd gwledig Japan, ystyrir ef yn dduw amddiffynnol rhag marwolaeth annisgwyl ac yn gynorthwyydd mewn genedigaethau anodd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Symbolau: Llyfr Bywyd Euraidd (<em>j\u014dfuzu<\/em>), pin ysgrifennu, cleddyf, Drych Gwirionedd (<em>j\u014dhari no kagami<\/em>), o flaen y drych hwn daw holl weithredoedd bywyd yn weladwy fel delweddau. Ei apotropaion: cynigir bwydydd konjac iddo fel ei fwyd hoff (traddodiad Edo); mae Enma-omamori mewn sidan coch yn amddiffyn rhag marwolaeth annisgwyl a chlefydau karma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogion Enma-O<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil hanes-crefyddol yn disgrifio Enma-O fel ffurf Japaneaidd ar ffigwr barnwrol a deithiodd trwy India a Tsieina. Yn y testunau vedig, Yama oedd y meidrolyn cyntaf ac arglwydd teyrnas y meirw; ym Mwdhaeth Tsieineaidd daeth yn bumed o&#8217;r Deg Brenin Uffern. Mabwysiadodd Japan y model llys hwn ynghyd \u00e2&#8217;r syniad o gyflyrau canolradd ar \u00f4l marwolaeth, lle gall y perthnasau sy&#8217;n weddill eiriol dros y meirw trwy ddefodau coffa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Defodau apotrop\u00e4ig a defosiynol<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae Enma-O (Japaneg \u95bb\u9b54\u5927\u738b) yn addasiad Japaneaidd-Bwdhaidd o&#8217;r Yanluo Tsieineaidd \/ Yama Indiaidd. Fe&#8217;i anrhydeddir mewn nifer o demlau Enma yn Japan (Genkaku-ji Tokyo, Inn-ji Kyoto, Enn\u014d-ji Kamakura). Y prif ddiwrnod ymarfer yw&#8217;r 16eg dydd o&#8217;r 1af a&#8217;r 7fed mis (<em>Enmasai<\/em>) fel porth i fyd yr uffern.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Person sy'n gwneud taith wedi'i hysgogi'n grefyddol i le sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pererinion<\/span> yn cyflwyno bwydydd konjac (bwyd hoff Enma yn \u00f4l traddodiad Edo), gwedd\u00efau dros berthnasau ymadawedig a cheisiadau am leddfu karma (gweler Sekiguchi, <em>The Cult of King Yama in Medieval Japan<\/em>).<\/p><p><strong>Sutrau a galwadau<\/strong><\/p><p>Y <em>J\u016b\u014d-ky\u014d<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgu ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> y deg brenin) yw&#8217;r prif litwrgi. Mae mynachod Bwdhaidd yn adrodd y Heart <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn Hind\u0175aeth a Bwdhaeth, testun dysgu ar ffurf gryno.\" tabindex=\"0\">Sutra<\/span> gydag ymgrymiadau Enma arbennig. Yn gyfnod Edo (19eg-19eg ganrif), daeth addoliad Enma yn boblogaidd ym Mwdhaeth boblogaidd trwy lyfrau lluniau (<em>jigoku-z\u014dshi<\/em>, sgroliau uffern).<\/p><p><strong>Amwledau a symbolau amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p><p>Enma-omamori (amwledau amddiffynnol \u00e2 delwedd Enma) o&#8217;r temlau Enma, fel arfer defnydd coch gyda brodwaith euraidd. Gwisgir y Go\u014dh\u014din (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> iach\u00e2d Bwdha Yakushi) rhag clefydau karma. Caiff y panel eiconograffig o&#8217;r deg brenin uffern (<em>J\u016b\u014d-zu<\/em>) ei grogi ar allorau cartref Bwdhaidd i baratoi at farwolaeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enma-O, cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Enma-O yn deillio o&#8217;r duw meirwon Indiaidd Yama, a ddaeth i Tsieina gyda Bwdhaeth ac a gafodd ei ymgorffori yno fel Yanluo Wang yn system y Deg Brenin Uffern. Daeth y ffurf Tsieineaidd hon i Japan gyda&#8217;r ysgolion Bwdhaidd a throdd yn Enma-O yno. Mae diwylliannau eraill hefyd yn adnabod ffigyrau barnwrol tebyg o&#8217;r byd a ddaw, megis Osiris Eifftaidd wrth Farn y Meirw neu Yeomra Corea, sy&#8217;n deillio o&#8217;r un traddodiad Bwdhaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdd3226a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdd3226a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpecda6a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpecda6a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Taith duwdod Indiaidd i Japan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp085f5fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp085f5fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp00ded11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp00ded11\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Enma-O, rheolwr y byd tanddaearol a barnwr y meirw ym Mwdhaeth Japan, yw pen draw taith hir. Mae ei darddiad yn India vedig, lle ystyrid <em>Yama<\/em> y meidrolyn cyntaf ac felly brenin y meirw.<\/p><p>Trwy Fwdhaeth, daeth y ffigwr i Tsieina, lle cafodd ei ymgorffori fel <em>Yanluo<\/em> yn system llysoedd y byd tanddaearol, ac oddi yno trwy Corea i Japan. Mae&#8217;r enw Japaneaidd <em>Enma<\/em> yn addasiad seinegol o&#8217;r Sansgrit <em>Yama<\/em>; mae&#8217;r ychwanegiad <em>o<\/em> yn golygu brenin.<\/p><p>Gyda phob cam, newidiodd y ffigwr. Yn wreiddiol, roedd Yama Indiaidd yn fwy o reolwr teyrnas y meirw na barnwr caeth.<\/p><p>Yn Tsieina, ymdoddodd \u00e2&#8217;r syniad biwrocrataidd o weinyddiaeth ar \u00f4l marwolaeth, sy&#8217;n archwilio bywyd bob un ymadawedig, yn cyfrifo ac yn penderfynu ar eu hailenedigaeth. Mabwysiadodd Bwdhaeth Japan i raddau helaeth y darlun Tsieineaidd hwn, sy&#8217;n cyflwyno&#8217;r byd a ddaw fel peiriant swyddogol gyda ffeiliau, ysgrifenwyr a llysoedd.<\/p><p>Yn Japan, cafodd Enma-O ei ymgorffori&#8217;n gadarn yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yr agwedd a'r arferiad crefyddol byw a brofir gan berson.\" tabindex=\"0\">defosiwn<\/span> Bwdhaidd poblogaidd. Ymddengys mewn pregethau, mewn peintiadau teml ac mewn testunau dysgu fel yr awdurdod y mae&#8217;n rhaid i bob person roi cyfrif iddo ar \u00f4l marwolaeth. Yn wahanol i gysyniad haniaethol o dalu&#8217;n \u00f4l karmig, rhoddodd wyneb i&#8217;r ddysgeidiaeth hon, ffigwr diriaethol, y gellid ei annerch ac ofnadwy.<\/p><p>Mae arwyddoc\u00e2d gwyddonol y daith hon yn gorwedd yn y ffaith y gellir gweld yn Enma-O sut y mae syniad crefyddol yn cael ei drosglwyddo dros ffiniau iaith a diwylliant, ac wrth wneud hynny&#8217;n cael ei ail-liwio bob tro. Mae barnwr y meirw Japaneaidd yn cario ynddo haenau tri diwylliant: y tarddiad Indiaidd, y biwrocrateiddio Tsieineaidd, a&#8217;r ffurfiant crefyddol gwerin Japaneaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3083d3c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3083d3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd9e0c27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd9e0c27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Deg Brenin y Byd Tanddaearol a'r Farn ar \u00f4l Marwolaeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfd44577 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfd44577\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0abe80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc0abe80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ym Mwdha a ddaeth i Japan o Tsieina, nid Enma-o yw&#8217;r unig reolwr y byd a ddaw, ond yn hytrach mae&#8217;n rhan o gyngor.<\/p><p>Mae system y deg brenin isfyd, a ddatblygwyd yng nghanoloesoedd Tsieina ac a gyrhaeddodd Japan drwy sgroliau lluniau a thestunau, yn neilltuo llys a phwynt amser penodol ar \u00f4l marwolaeth i bob brenin. Mae&#8217;r ymadawedig yn mynd trwy&#8217;r llysoedd hyn mewn trefn amseryddol benodol, ar ddiwrnodau penodol ar \u00f4l marwolaeth ac ar flwyddgofiannau.<\/p><p>Mae Enma-o yn dal safle nodedig yn y system hon. Fel arfer ef yw&#8217;r pumed o&#8217;r deg brenin, cynhelir ei lys ar y pumed diwrnod ar hugain ar \u00f4l marwolaeth, ac ystyrir ef fel y pwysicaf a&#8217;r mwyaf pwerus yn eu plith. O flaen ei dribiwnlys, archwilir gweithredoedd yr ymadawedig yn arbennig o drylwyr.<\/p><p>Mae elfennau eiconograffig sefydlog yn perthyn i gyfarpar ei lys. Mae Enma-o yn cadw cofrestrau lle mae pob gweithred dda a drwg yn cael ei nodi. Mae ganddo gynorthwywyr wrth ei ochr; mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a chwedlau ar draws cenedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> Japaneaidd yn adnabod, er enghraifft, ffigwr sy&#8217;n cario pennau tebyg i ddynion ar bolion, un \u00e2 golwg ddirmygus, y llall \u00e2 golwg dawel, sy&#8217;n dangos natur yr ymadawedig.<\/p><p>Erthygl enwog arall yw drych yr enaid, lle mae&#8217;r person marw yn gweld ei fywyd a&#8217;i droseddau&#8217;n cael eu hadlewyrchu&#8217;n ddiflewyn-ar-dafod, fel bo celwydd yn amhosibl.<\/p><p>Roedd y system farnol hon yn meddu ar swyddogaeth fugeiliol amlwg. Fe sefydlodd yr arfer o goff\u00e1u&#8217;r meirwon, a gynhelir ar gyfnodau penodol ar \u00f4l marwolaeth.<\/p><p>Gallai&#8217;r rhai a adawyd ar \u00f4l ddylanwadu&#8217;n ffafriol ar daith yr ymadawedig drwy&#8217;r deg llys drwy ddefodau a throsglwyddo teilyngdod. Roedd Enma-o felly nid yn unig yn ffigwr brawychus, ond yn bwynt canolog cyfundrefn ddefodol gyfan rhwng y byw a&#8217;r meirw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc7399f9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc7399f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp32219a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp32219a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Eiconograffeg a delweddau teml y beirniaid uffernol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa8fb7d6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa8fb7d6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfb0fb1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpfb0fb1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ddarluniad gweledol o Enma-o yn dilyn confensiwn sefydlog sy&#8217;n deillio o&#8217;r model Tsieineaidd. Ymddengys fel brenin neu swyddog uchel, yn aml mewn gwisg swyddogol swyddog Tsieineaidd gyda choron neu benwisg nodedig, sy&#8217;n aml yn dwyn y nod ysgrifen ar gyfer &#8216;brenin&#8217;.<\/p><p>Mae ei wyneb fel arfer yn goch ac yn ddig, gyda llygaid llydan agored a golwg dywyll, mynegiant o gadernid diorwyro.<\/p><p>Ceir delweddau o&#8217;r fath yn nifer o demlau Japaneaidd, yn aml ar ffurf cerflun mewn neuadd ei hun, Neuadd Enma. Mae enghreifftiau enwog yn cynnwys ffigyrau Enma yn nemlau yn ac o gwmpas Kyoto a Kamakura.<\/p><p>Yn fynych, mae Enma-o wedi&#8217;i amgylchynu gan y naw brenin arall neu wedi&#8217;i ymgorffori mewn darluniad ehangach o uffern. Mae&#8217;r traddodiad gweledol Japaneaidd o <em>jigoku-e<\/em>, y darluniau uffernol, yn portreadu cosbau&#8217;r isfyd mewn golygfeydd trawiadol ac yn gosod Enma-o fel yr awdurdod barnol ar y dechrau.<\/p><p>Mae traddodiad eiconograffig arwyddocaol yn cysylltu Enma-o \u00e2&#8217;r Bodhisattva Jizo. Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yr agwedd grefyddol a'r ymarfer byw a brofir gan berson.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefosiwn<\/span> Japaneaidd, ystyrir Jizo fel yr achubwr trugarog sy&#8217;n cynorthwyo&#8217;r bodau yn uffern.<\/p><p>Mae rhai testunau a lluniau hyd yn oed yn dehongli Enma-o a Jizo fel dwy ochr o&#8217;r un realiti, yr ochr gaeth a&#8217;r ochr drugarog, sy&#8217;n cydweithio i arwain yr ymadawedig at wella a genedigaeth newydd ffafriol. Mae&#8217;r paru hwn yn tyneru natur ddychrynllyd y barnwr ac yn ei blethu i mewn i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddisgyblaeth academaidd sy'n astudio Duw a chredoau crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">theoleg<\/span> sy&#8217;n canolbwyntio ar iachawdwriaeth.<\/p><p>Roedd gan y delweddau teml swyddogaeth addysgiadol. Defnyddiwyd hwynt gan fynachod pregethwrol i ddangos i leygwyr ganlyniadau gweithredoedd drwg. Roedd Enma-o coch a dig felly yn gymorth addysgu a drosodd y ddysgeidiaeth haniaethol am karma i mewn i ddelwedd gofiadwy a dychrynllyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp998b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp998b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac0eec6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpac0eec6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enma-o yng nghrefydd y bobl a diwylliant cyfoes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa4d7b45 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpa4d7b45\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp72e526a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp72e526a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y tu hwnt i&#8217;r mynachlogydd, daeth Enma-o yn ffigwr sefydlog yng nghrefydd bobl Japan. Aeth ei enw i mewn i ymadroddion sefydlog a rybuddion magu plant.<\/p><p>Byddai rhieni&#8217;n rhybuddio plant a fyddai&#8217;n dweud celwydd bod Enma-o yn tynnu eu tafod allan, bygythiad a oedd yn adnabyddus mewn llawer o ranbarthau Japan. Fel hyn, daeth y barnwr y meirw yn awdurdod addysg foesol beunyddiol, ymhell cyn i blentyn erioed fynd i mewn i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir ar gyfer addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ar ddiwrnodau penodol yn ystod y flwyddyn, yn draddodiadol yn y gwanwyn a diwedd yr haf, cynhelid defosiynau arbennig o flaen ffigyrau Enma yn rhai rhanbarthau, pryd agorwyd neuaddau&#8217;r deml a gallai credinwyr weld y delweddau a oedd fel arall yn gaeedig. Mae arferion o&#8217;r fath yn dangos nad ffigwr llenyddol neu ddoethyddol yn unig oedd Enma-o, ond testun addoliad ac ofn a brofwyd yn fyw.<\/p><p>Yn niwylliant cyfoes Japan, mae Enma-o wedi parhau&#8217;n hynod bresennol. Ymddengys mewn manga, anime, gemau fideo a ffilmiau, ar brydiau fel gwrthwynebydd dychrynllyd, ar brydiau eraill mewn ffordd gomig fel biwrocrat gorlethedig o&#8217;r isfyd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r trin diwylliant poblogaidd hyn yn hoff o godi ar yr ochr fiwrocrataidd o&#8217;r ffigwr, y brenin sy&#8217;n rheoli peirianwaith gweinyddol enfawr y byd a ddaw gyda ffeiliau, stampiau ac isweithwyr.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r parhad hwn yn ddiddorol yn academaidd. Mae Enma-o wedi cyflawni&#8217;r trawsnewidiad o ffigwr addysgiadol crefyddol i ffigwr diwylliannol cyffredinol, heb golli ei hanfod. Hyd yn oed yn y trin doniol, mae&#8217;n dal i fod y sawl sy&#8217;n penderfynu ar iawnder ac anghyfiawnder bywyd wedi&#8217;i fyw.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ffigwr yn dystiolaeth o ba mor ddwfn y mae&#8217;r cysyniad Bwdhaidd o farn y meirw wedi treiddio i mewn i ddiwylliant Japan, a sut y gellir ei ail-adrodd o hyd, o neuadd y deml hyd at lyfr plant.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yama\/\">Yama, rhagflaenydd Fedig<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yama-barnwr-y-meirw\/\">Yama (Bwdhaeth), rhagflaenydd uniongyrchol<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yanluo\/\">Yanluo Wang, rhagflaenydd Tsieineaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yeomra\/\">Yeomra, cymar Cor\u00ebaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/bwdhaeth\/\">Traddodiad Bwdhaidd, cyd-destun cyffredinol<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sekiguchi, Makiko: <em>The Cult of King Yama in Medieval Japan<\/em>. Brill, Leiden 2013.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Teiser, Stephen F.: <em>The Scripture on the Ten Kings and the Making of Purgatory in Medieval Chinese Buddhism<\/em>. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Teiser, Stephen F.: <em>The Ghost Festival in Medieval China<\/em>. Princeton UP, Princeton 1988.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Bock, Felicia: <em>Engi-Shiki: Procedures of the Engi Era<\/em>. Sophia University, Tokyo 1972.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Picken, Stuart D. B.: <em>Essentials of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd frodorol Japan, sy'n canolbwyntio ar addoli'r kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span><\/em>. Greenwood, Westport 1994.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lopez, Donald S. (Gol.): <em>Buddhism in Practice<\/em>. Princeton UP, Princeton 1995.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1732,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Barnwr y Meirw Enma-O","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Enma-\u014d \u2013 Barnwr y Meirw yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"japan","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191328","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Enma-\u014d \u2013 Barnwr y Meirw yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enma-\u014d\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/\",\"name\":\"Enma-\u014d \u2013 Barnwr y Meirw yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duwiau o'r traddodiad Japaneaidd.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?page_id=191134\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Enma-\u014d\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cy\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Enma-\u014d\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:37+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/enma-o\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"description\":\"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Enma-\u014d \u2013 Barnwr y Meirw yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan","description":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Enma-\u014d","og_description":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Enma-\u014d","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:37+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/","name":"Enma-\u014d \u2013 Barnwr y Meirw yng Nghrefydd Bwdhaidd Japan","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:37+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","description":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duwiau o'r traddodiad Japaneaidd."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?page_id=191134"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Enma-\u014d"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cy"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Enma-\u014d","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:37+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/enma-o\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_japan_enma-o.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Rheolwr uffern Japan, Jigoku, gweinyddwr karma a llys y meirw yn chwedloniaeth Fwdhaidd Japan."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191328\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}