{"id":191311,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191311"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"ereshkigal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ereshkigal\/","title":{"rendered":"Ereshkigal"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191311\" class=\"elementor elementor-191311 elementor-1970 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal, duwies o draddodiad Mesopotamia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Duwies o draddodiad Mesopotamia yw Ereshkigal.<\/p><p>Arglwyddes y byd isaf, chwaer Ishtar, rheolwraig Kur ac Irkalla. Ereshkigal yw duwies bwerus y byd isaf, nid drygionus, ond didostur.<\/p><p>Tra bod ei chwaer Ishtar yn crwydro&#8217;r ddaear a&#8217;r nefoedd, mae Ereshkigal yn eistedd yn anghyffwrdd yn Irkalla, teyrnas y meirw, ac yn rheoli gyda&#8217;i g\u0175r Nergal dros bawb sy&#8217;n croesi&#8217;r ffin i&#8217;r byd tu hwnt. Nid yw&#8217;n derbyn ymwelwyr yn hawdd; rhaid i bwy bynnag sy&#8217;n dod o flaen ei orsedd fod yn ddi-ofn, neu wynebu ei felltith.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf wedi'i bersonoli mewn pantheon diwylliant, \u00e2 chyfrifoldebau clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwlt, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duwies<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crud crefydd ddogfennedig, Swmer, Acad, Babilon, Asyria (tua 3500 CC hyd 330 CC).\">Mesopotamia<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwiau'r byd isaf a marwolaeth, rheolwyr y byd tu hwnt, barnwyr y meirw, arweinwyr eneidiau.\">Duwdod Marwolaeth<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193522\" alt=\"Ereshkigal - duwiau o draddodiad Mesopotamia, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_mesopotamien_ereshkigal.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg Cyflym: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Prif dduwies Mesopotamaidd, Brenhines yr Isfyd<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Sumer, Acad\/Babilon\/Asur<br>Swyddogaeth: Rheolwraig teyrnas y meirw (Kur, Irkalla), Barnwraig y meirw, tynged yr ymadawedig<br>Prif briodoleddau: Diadem, mantell ddu, Llechen Tynged, saith warchodwr porth<br>Prif fannau addoli: Kutha (ynghyd \u00e2 Nergal), dim <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> fawr ei hun<br>Priod: Nergal (yn \u00f4l chwedl Disgyniad Inanna)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae tystiolaeth o Ereshkigal yn bodoli o&#8217;r 3edd mileniwm CC (Swmeraidd) ymlaen.<\/p><p>Cyfnod bri mwyaf ei mytholeg oedd yr hen gyfnod Babilonaidd (dechrau&#8217;r 2il fileniwm CC), gyda dau fyth canolog. Y cyntaf yw Disgyniad Inanna i&#8217;r Byd Isaf: daw Inanna at Ereshkigal, caiff ei lladd, ac yna caiff ei hatgyfodi trwy gyfryngwyr Ea. Rhaid i&#8217;w g\u0175r Dumuzi ddisgyn i&#8217;r byd isaf fel iawn. Y ail fyth yw Nergal ac Ereshkigal: daw Nergal i&#8217;r byd isaf, caiff ei felltithio ganddi i ddechrau, ac yna daw&#8217;n \u0175r iddi. Dyma batrwm mytholegol o batriarchaeth yn gorfodi&#8217;r hen frenhines y byd isaf i sefyllfa briodasol.<\/p><p>Yn draddodiadau diweddarach, gwelwyd dirywiad mawr yn ei haddoliad uniongyrchol; mae&#8217;n cael ei hofni, nid ei charu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anghyffredin yw cofnodion o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">demlau<\/span> uniongyrchol i Ereshkigal; duwies y meirw ofnadwy yw hi. Prif fan cwlt hi a Nergal ynghyd yw <strong>Kutha<\/strong> (Tell Ibrahim heddiw, i&#8217;r gogledd o Fabilon), &bdquo;dinas Nergal&ldquo; a ystyrid yn fynedfa i&#8217;r byd isaf.<\/p><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> personol, gelwid arni&#8217;n bennaf mewn defodau marwolaeth a thestunau consurio yn hytrach nag mewn temlau ei hun. Yn y traddodiad hudol-th\u00ebwrgig Groegaidd-Rufeinig (e.e. PGM IV) fe&#8217;i derbyniwyd fel duwies gonsurio bwerus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau canolog: <em>Disgyniad Inanna i&#8217;r Byd Isaf<\/em> (Swmeraidd, 2il fileniwm CC), <em>Disgyniad Ishtar i&#8217;r Byd Isaf<\/em> (fersiwn Acadaidd, fwy cryno), Epig <em>Nergal ac Ereshkigal<\/em> (fersiynau canol-Asyriaidd a diwedd-Babilonaidd), <em>Epig Gilgamesh<\/em> Tabled XII (disgrifiad Enkidu o&#8217;r byd isaf).<\/p><p>Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Wolkstein\/Kramer, <em>Inanna<\/em>; Lambert, <em>Babylonian Wisdom Literature<\/em>; Bott\u00e9ro, <em>La plus vieille religion<\/em>; Black\/Green, <em>Gods, Demons and Symbols<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a ffurfiau ysgrifenedig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fe ddarlunnir Ereshkigal yn aml wedi&#8217;i heistedd ar orsedd, yn frenhinol, gyda choron groes a theyrnwialen. Mae ei llygaid yn tanbeidio \u00e2 th\u00e2n tanddaearol neu dywyllwch. Gwisga wisgoedd du neu borffor tywyll, ac amgylchynir hi gan gythreuliaid ac eneidiau&#8217;r meirw.<\/p><p>Ambell waith mae&#8217;n eistedd wrth ochr Nergal, ei g\u0175r tywyll. Mae ei choron (<em>aur cyrn<\/em>) yn ei gwahaniaethu oddi wrth y bonedd meidrol. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> ei grym yn y drws clo, na all y byw fyth ei basio, ond y mae&#8217;n orfodol i&#8217;r meidrol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Ereshkigal yn derbyn eneidiau&#8217;r meirw ac yn trefnu eu tynged yn Irkalla. Nid yw&#8217;n ddi-boen a di-nwyd fel y&#8217;i disgrifir weithiau, ond yn hytrach yn ddoeth ac yn ddig, ac mae pwy bynnag sy&#8217;n torri deddfau&#8217;r isfyd yn profi ei dial.<\/p><p>Yn chwedl <em>Disgyniad Ishtar<\/em>, mae&#8217;n gweithredu fel grym moesol: mae Ishtar yn ceisio treiddio i&#8217;r isfyd, ac mae Ereshkigal yn cosbi&#8217;r ymgais \u00e2 marwolaeth. Ni chynhaliwyd gwyliau cyhoeddus mawr iddi, ond fe&#8217;i haberthwyd mewn defodau preifat i anrhydeddu&#8217;r meirw ac i dawelu ei gallu.<\/p><h3>Ymddangosiad a symbolaeth<\/h3><p>Portreadir <em>Ereshkigal<\/em> fel duwies dywyll, wedi&#8217;i gwisgo&#8217;n ysblennydd, gyda choron o gyrn, symbolau ei grym brenhinol. Mae ei chroen yn las tywyll neu&#8217;n llwyd-ddu, ac mae ei llygaid yn disgleirio \u00e2 golau annaearol.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n gwisgo diadem trwm ac yn eistedd ar orsedd o garreg neu esgyrn. Mae ei chorff yn urddasol, ond o dan hynny gwelir rhyw fath o artaith neu ddicter dan orthrwm. Gall <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span> wythfraich neu sarff fod yn weision iddi. Y tywyllwch ei hun yw ei gwisg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion Ereshkigal ar un olwg. Mae&#8217;r meysydd isod yn crynhoi tarddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymariaethau diwylliannol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traddodiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ereshkigal (Sumeraidd <em>Ere\u0161-ki-gal<\/em>, &bdquo;Meistres y Ddaear Fawr&ldquo; = yr Isfyd) yw merch Anu (y Nefoedd) a&#8217;r dduwies-ddaear. Chwaer i Inanna\/Ishtar (yn ganolog i&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> disgyniad), yn rheolwr unigol yr isfyd yn y traddodiad cynharaf, ac yn wraig Nergal yn y traddodiad diweddarach. Mam <em>Ningishzida<\/em> (duw&#8217;r neidr yn yr isfyd) a <em>Namtar<\/em> (negesydd tynged). Merch Ninazu mewn rhai fersiynau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Targedau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Meistres teyrnas y meirw, <em>Kur<\/em> neu <em>Irkalla<\/em>, y tu hwnt i saith porth yr isfyd. Mae&#8217;n dal y <em>Llechen Dynged<\/em> (mes), lle mae hanes pob un o&#8217;r meirw wedi ei gofnodi.<\/p><p>Heb ei chaniat\u00e2d hi ni all neb adael teyrnas y meirw (yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> disgyniad Inanna: dim ond drwy ddulliau Ea a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberth<\/span> cymodlon Dumuzi caiff Inanna ddychwelyd). Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol tuag at dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> personol mae&#8217;n destun <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduwdod neu b\u0175er, gan ymbil neu ddeisyf.\" tabindex=\"0\">galwad<\/span> mewn defodau&#8217;r meirw ac yn y traddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> du (galwadau PGM).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oes gan Ereshkigal ddarluniad eiconograffig sefydlog. Yn y testunau chwedlonol disgrifir hi fel ffigwr trist a mawreddog, gyda diadem, mantell ddu, a gwisg hir. Mae&#8217;n eistedd ar orsedd mewn neuadd dywyll, wedi&#8217;i hamgylchynu gan ei saith barnwr <em>Anunnaki<\/em>.<\/p><p>Pan dderbynia Inanna, mae ei hwyneb yn las ac yn felyn-welw (symbolau salwch\/marwolaeth). Ategolion: y Llechen Dynged, ysgrifbin. Cydymdeithion: Namtar (ei fesir), Ningishzida (mab, duw&#8217;r neidr).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dylanwad Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes dylanwad:<\/strong> Yn achlysurol yn unig y byddid yn galw&#8217;n uniongyrchol ar Ereshkigal, gan iddi gael ei hofni. Fodd bynnag, ym mhob <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol a ailadroddir.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span> y meirw roedd yn bresennol fel derbynnydd y meirw. Yn y traddodiad galwadau (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres alwadau Acadaidd o'r 1af mileniwm CC; y casgliad Mesopotamaidd hiraf a gadwyd o ddefodau gwrth-ddewiniaeth.\">Maqlu<\/span>, Shurpu) galwyd arni fel cynorthwywr ofnadwy yn erbyn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau drwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> du.<\/p><p>Yn y traddodiad hudol-theurgaidd Groegaidd-Rufeinig (Papyri Graecae Magicae) fe&#8217;i hadwaenid fel <em>Ereschigal<\/em> mewn galwadau lle&#8217;i hunaniaethwyd \u00e2 Hecate. Yn y dderbyniad esoterig fodern defnyddir hi&#8217;n aml fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> o b\u0175er yr isfyd ac o ddiwyro.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad Ereshkigal<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diadem, mantell ddu, y Llechen Dynged (mes), saith gwyliwr porth, Namtar (mesir), Ningishzida (mab, duw&#8217;r neidr). Planhigyn sanctaidd: Asphodelos (yn y dderbyniad fodern). Rhif sanctaidd: 7 (saith porth isfyd, saith barnwr Anunnaki). Lliwiau sanctaidd: du, glas tywyll.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bodau Cysylltiedig<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Inanna\/Ishtar<\/em> (Mesopotamia, chwaer, gwrthwynebydd yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> disgyniad), <em>Nergal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, priod yn y traddodiad diweddarach), <em>Persephone<\/em> (Groeg, brenhines yr isfyd), <em>Hecate<\/em> (Groeg, wedi&#8217;i hunaniaethu&#8217;n uniongyrchol ag Ereshkigal yn nhestunau PGM), <em>Hel<\/em> (Germanaidd, rheolwraig yr isfyd), <em>Mictecacihuatl<\/em> (Astecaidd), <em>Izanami<\/em> (Japan, brenhines Yomi), <em>Hine-nui-te-p\u014d<\/em> (M\u0101ori). Mae&#8217;r math o reolwraig fenywaidd yr isfyd yn bresennol mewn nifer fawr o ddiwylliannau, yn aml gyda thensiwn deuol mam\/merch (Ereshkigal-Inanna, Demeter-Persephone, Izanami-Amaterasu).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad ymarferol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Defodau Apotrop\u00e4ig<\/h3><p>Ni chafodd Ereshkigal, meistres yr isfyd (Kur-nu-gi-a, \u201ey Wlad Heb Ddychwelyd&#8221;), ei haddoli&#8217;n uniongyrchol, ond fe&#8217;i osgowyd yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Yn atal drygioni; mae symbolau apotrop\u00e4ig (Pazuzu, Hamsa, Nazar) yn amddiffyn rhag hud niweidiol a'r llygad drwg.\">apotrop\u00e4ig<\/span>, gyda&#8217;r defodau&#8217;n anelu at gadw ei negeswyr (Galla, Edimmu) draw drwy buro&#8217;r trothwyon. Roedd y gyfres buredigaeth <em>b\u012bt rimki<\/em>, gyda diosg y brenin yn y d\u0175r, yn anelu&#8217;n benodol at amddiffyniad rhag pwerau tanddaearol (gwel Bott\u00e9ro, <em>Mesopotamia<\/em>).<\/p><h3>Galwadau<\/h3><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> \u201eDisgyniad Inanna-Ishtar i&#8217;r Isfyd&#8221; (Acadaidd, Foster, <em>Before the Muses<\/em>) ymddengys y galwadau canolog ar Ereshkigal, wrth i&#8217;r dduwies gael ei dinoethi drwy saith porth, sef gorddarostyngiad wedi&#8217;i ddefodoli. Mae testunau galwadau diweddarach o Assur (1af mileniwm CC) yn apelio at Ereshkigal fel \u201e\u0161\u0113pti-\u0161a-ir\u1e63itim&#8221; (Gosodydd Olion y Ddaear) i ddod ag afiechyd y meirw i ben.<\/p><h3>Amuledau a Symbolau Amddiffynnol<\/h3><p><span data-nosnippet>Claddwyd pinnau clai apotrop\u00e4ig ag <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Testun wedi'i grafu neu ei gerfio ar sylfaen barhaol.\" tabindex=\"0\">arysgrifen<\/span> \u201eFynedfa&#8221; wedi&#8217;i naddu arnynt (\u201eNa ddoed Ereshkigal ataf&#8221;) wrth fynedfeydd tai (cloddiadau Nimrud, Mallowan 1953-57). Ar seliau Ka-skalen ceir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> y waywffon wyneb i waered, sy&#8217;n dynodi porth yr isfyd. Gosodwyd placiau lapis lazuli ag enw&#8217;r dduwies arnynt yn feddau&#8217;r meirw fel offrwm.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal, cyfochroldebau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Ereshkigal yn debyg i Persephone neu Hera o Wlad Groeg, sydd ynddynt hwythau&#8217;n arddel grym tanddaearol neu anweledig. Gyda Hades y mae&#8217;n rhannu&#8217;r llywodraeth ar deyrnas y meirw, ond mae&#8217;n wahanol o ran ei benyweidd-dra a&#8217;i hawdurdod strategol.<\/p><p>Mae Isis o&#8217;r Aifft a Kali o India yn dwyn nodweddion tebyg, duwiesau sy&#8217;n gwylio dros fywyd a marwolaeth. Purdeb a chyfiawnder Ereshkigal sy&#8217;n ei gwneud yn un o&#8217;r duwiesau benywaidd mwyaf cymhleth o&#8217;r hen fyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5fe2f09 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp5fe2f09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1899066 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1899066\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgyniad Inanna i'r Isfyd: Y myth canolog<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1e5f28 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb1e5f28\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25852c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25852c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y ffynhonnell bwysicaf ar gyfer Ereshkigal yw&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> Sumeraidd am ddisgyniad Inanna i&#8217;r isfyd, a gadwyd ar dabledi cuneiffurf o ddechrau&#8217;r ail fileniwm CC. Mae&#8217;r naratif yn adrodd sut y penderfyna Inanna, dduwies y nen, ddisgyn i deyrnas ei chwaer h\u0177n Ereshkigal, y wlad heb ddychweliad.<\/p><p>Ar saith porth yr isfyd, mae&#8217;n ofynnol i Inanna dynnu dilledyn neu addurn bob tro, hyd nes ei bod yn sefyll o flaen Ereshkigal a&#8217;r saith barnwr isfydol, yr Anunna, yn noeth a heb ei bathynnau grym. Maent hwy&#8217;n troi llygad marwolaeth arni, a daw Inanna yn gorff, i&#8217;w grogi ar bostyn.<\/p><p>Dim ond drwy ymyrraeth y duw doeth Enki, a anfona i lawr ddwy greadur diryw gyda bwyd bywyd a d\u0175r bywyd, y gellir adfywio Inanna. Ond ni chaniateir iddi ddianc heblaw ei bod yn cynnig rhywun yn ei lle, a Dumuzi, ei phriod, sydd yn y diwedd yn dwyn y gost.<\/p><p>Ceir fersiwn Acadaidd cyfagos, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> disgyniad Ishtar i&#8217;r isfyd, sy&#8217;n fyrrach ac yn wahanol mewn manylion. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y disgyblaeth academaidd sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">astudiaethau crefyddol<\/span> wedi archwilio&#8217;r testun yn fanwl, ymhlith pethau eraill o ran <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys gylchol mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> y disgyniad diosgi a&#8217;r cwestiwn o gefndir seremon\u00efol.<\/p><p>Yn ganolog i&#8217;r cyfan mae Ereshkigal fel arglwyddes ddiollywyddol tiriogaeth y mae ei chyfreithiau na feiddia hyd yn oed duwies fawr eu troseddu heb gosb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1e15695 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp1e15695\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f90e0e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp6f90e0e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ereshkigal a Nergal: Naratif priodas rheolwyr yr isfyd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpac150ca e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpac150ca\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0688c1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0688c1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae ail <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> pwysig yn egluro sut y daeth Ereshkigal o hyd i&#8217;w phriod. Cadwyd y testun Nergal ac Ereshkigal mewn sawl fersiwn, gan gynnwys un fyrrach o Tell el-Amarna yn yr Aifft o&#8217;r 14eg ganrif CC, ac un hwy o lyfrgell Assurbanipal o&#8217;r 7fed ganrif.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r naratif yn agor gyda gwledd duwiau&#8217;r nen, nad yw Ereshkigal yn medru cymryd rhan ynddi gan na chaniateir iddi adael yr isfyd. Fe anfona ei chennad i fyny i gasglu ei chyfran. Mae&#8217;r duw Nergal yn esgeuluso codi ar ei draed o flaen y cennad hwn, a chaiff hyn ei ystyried yn sarhad.<\/p><p>Yn iawn am hyn, gorfodir Nergal i ddisgyn i&#8217;r isfyd. Yno, daw ef ac Ereshkigal ynghyd. Yn y fersiwn hwy, ceisia Nergal ffoi i ddechrau, ond bygythia Ereshkigal anfon y meirw i fyny i ddifa&#8217;r byw oni ddychwelir ef iddi. Yn y diwedd, dychwel Nergal ac fe ddaw i fod yn gyd-lywodraethwr yr isfyd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r naratif hwn yn ddadlennol yn hanes crefydd gan ei fod yn dangos sut y darparodd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> Mesopotamaidd hyd yn oed i&#8217;r isfyd strwythur llywodraethol trefnus. Mae ffynonellau cynharach yn adnabod Ereshkigal fel arglwyddes unigol neu&#8217;n enwi Gugalanna fel priod.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;n debygol fod y cysylltiad \u00e2 Nergal yn systemeiddio diwinyddol diweddarach a ddaeth \u00e2 dau gysyniad isfydol ynghyd. Mae ymchwilwyr yn trafod pa un a oes yn hyn hefyd adlewyrchiad o ddatblygiadau gwleidyddol neu seremoniol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbfb7dfc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpbfb7dfc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpede8ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpede8ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Isfyd y Mesopotamiaid a theyrnas Ereshkigal<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe9f0b1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfe9f0b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ee7cb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8ee7cb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>I ddeall statws Ereshkigal, mae dealltwriaeth Fesopotamaidd o&#8217;r isfyd ei hun yn hollbwysig. Disgrifir hwn yn y testunau fel lle tywyll, y wlad heb ddychweliad, lle bwyty&#8217;r meirw lwch a lle mae clai&#8217;n fwyd iddynt, wedi&#8217;i wisgo fel adar mewn plu.<\/p><p>Nid yw&#8217;n lle o gosb foesol, ond y ffawd gyffredin, ddi-lawenydd, sydd yn eiddo i bob ymadawedig, ni waeth beth fu eu gweithredoedd.<\/p><p>Ar y deyrnas hon y mae Ereshkigal yn llywodraethu. Ystyr ei henw yw tebyg i Arglwyddes y ddaear fawr neu Arglwyddes y gwaered mawr, gan mai gwlad fawr yw&#8217;r term am yr isfyd.<\/p><p>Trig hi mewn palas a&#8217;i enw&#8217;n aml yn Ganzir, wedi&#8217;i warchod gan saith porth a&#8217;i gwesyr Namtar, dwyfeisiwr y ffawd a&#8217;r pla. Wrth ei hymyl saif yr Anunna fel corff barnwrol.<\/p><p>Nodwedd bendant o gysyniad Mesopotamaidd yr isfyd yw caeth-der cyfreithiau&#8217;r isfyd. Mae&#8217;r sawl a ddisgyn yn ddarostyngedig i&#8217;r rheol nad oes modd dianc heb roi rhywun yn ei le. Mae hyd yn oed duwiau&#8217;n destun i&#8217;r cyfreithiau hyn, fel y dengys tynged Inanna. Trwy hyn, mae Ereshkigal yn cynrychioli trefn gosmig na ellir ei llygru.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r epig enwog <em>Gilgamesh<\/em> yn adlewyrchu&#8217;r un olwg dywyll yn ei ddisgrifiad o deyrnas y meirw. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y disgyblaeth academaidd sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">astudiaethau crefyddol<\/span> yn gweld yn Ereshkigal yn llai o ffigwr drwg na ffigwr angenrheidiol, sy&#8217;n meddiannu&#8217;r pegwn anochel o farwolaeth mewn cosmoleg fel arall sy&#8217;n cadarnhau bywyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ishtar\/\">Ishtar, chwaer Acadaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/nergal\/\">Nergal, priod mewn traddodiad diweddarach<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/persephone\/\">Persephone, cyfochrog Groegaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate, uniaethwyd ag Ereshkigal yn nhraddodiad PGM<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia, trosolwg y pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\">Duwiau&#8217;r meirw, is-gategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarthiadau<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffynonellau a llenyddiaeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Wolkstein, Diane \/ Kramer, Samuel Noah: <em>Inanna. Queen of Heaven and Earth<\/em>. New York 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Betz, Hans Dieter (Gol.): <em>The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation<\/em>. Chicago 1986 (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfuniad o gredoau neu dduwiau o wahanol draddodiadau crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretiaeth<\/span> Ereshkigal-Hecate).<\/span><\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Gol.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (cofnod &bdquo;Ereschkigal&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1735,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Ereshkigal","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Ereshkigal \u2013 Arglwyddes Byd Isaf Mesopotamia","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Ereshkigal, arglwyddes byd isaf Mesopotamia. 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