{"id":191308,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191308"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"pluto","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/","title":{"rendered":"Pluto"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191308\" class=\"elementor elementor-191308 elementor-1966 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pluto, duw o'r draddodiad Rhufeinig<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pluto yw duw&#8217;r byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth yn y draddodiad Rhufeinig. Mae&#8217;r enw ei hun yn golygu &#8220;y cyfoethog&#8221; ac yn cyfeirio at drysorau mwynau&#8217;r ddaear. O safbwynt astudiaethau crefyddol, mae Pluto yn enghraifft o amwysedd duwiau cthonig, yn ofnadwy a bywyd-roddol ar yr un pryd, fel barnwr y meirw a gwarcheidwad y ddaear.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf a bersonolwyd ym mhantheon diwylliant, gyda chyfrifoldebau clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwlt, aberth a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/rhufain\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd Rufeinig o'r frenhiniaeth hyd yr hen oesoedd hwyr, syncretistaidd gyda haenau Groegaidd ac Etrwsgaidd.\">Rhufain<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwiau'r byd tanddaearol a marwolaeth, rheolwyr y byd arall, barnwyr y meirw, tywyswyr eneidiau.\">Duwdod Marwolaeth<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193520\" alt=\"Pluto - duwiau o&apos;r draddodiad Rhufeinig, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pluto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Pluto yn rheoli teyrnas y meirw, gyda&#8217;i wraig Proserpina. Ond nid yw&#8217;n ddrwg, yn hytrach yn ffyddlon i ddyletswydd a threfn, arglwydd tanddaearol llym. Ei brif nodweddion yw teyrnasiad marwolaeth, puredigaeth trwy farwolaeth, adnoddau cudd a ffrwythlondeb tanddaearol. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un duwdod neu fwy.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> yn Tarracina (Volterra) a chwltiau&#8217;r Chthonii (duwiau tanddaearol) yn dystiolaeth o&#8217;i addoliad eang.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg: Pluto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ffynonellau&#8217;n niferus: Aeneid Fyrsil (Llyfr 6, y daith i&#8217;r byd tanddaearol), Metamorffosis Ofid, De Natura Deorum Cicero, Seneca, arysgrifau bedd Lladin a defixiones (tabledi melltith). Yn eilaidd, mae Karl Latte, Georg Wissowa ac <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysgolhaig crefydd Almaenig (1931\u20132015); ei brif waith Griechische Religion (1977).\">Walter Burkert<\/span> wedi dadansoddi&#8217;r cysylltiadau rhwng Pluto, Hades a duwiau tanddaearol. Ymledodd yr addoliad ar draws yr Eidal, G\u00e2l ac Affrica.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Parhaodd ffigwr Pluto y tu hwnt i ddiwedd crefydd hynafol. Sefydlodd Fyrsil ac Ofid ladrad Proserpina yn llenyddiaeth Lladin, ac fe&#8217;i trosglwyddwyd trwyddi i&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol a&#8217;r Dadeni.<\/p><p>Gwnaeth Dante Pluto yn ffigwr o&#8217;i Uffern, a chreodd Bernini un o gerfluniau enwocaf y Baroc gyda Lladrad Proserpina. Yn 1930, o&#8217;r diwedd, rhoddwyd enw&#8217;r duw i&#8217;r corff nefol newydd ddarganfyddedig ar ymyl y Cysawd Solar.<\/p><h3>Dosbarthiad Mytholegol<\/h3><p>Pluto yw duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol, marwolaeth a chyfoeth. Yn wahanol i Hades Groegaidd, mae&#8217;n gysylltiedig yn gryfach \u00e2 Latium. Ystyrir ef yn angenrheidiol a pharchus, ac ni sonnir am ddrygioni. Mae ei reolaeth dros gyfoeth tanddaearol yn ei gysylltu \u00e2 ffyniant. Mae&#8217;n rheoli terfynau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd Pluto yn hysbys a&#8217;i addoli, neu ei ofni&#8217;n barchus, yn gyffredinol ar draws y byd Rhufeinig cyfan, heb gyfyngu i ranbarthau na lleoliadau penodol. Boed mewn canolfannau trefol mawr neu mewn rhanbarth wledig ymylol, boed ymhlith yr elit gymdeithasol neu&#8217;r werin gyffredin, cydnabuwyd arwyddoc\u00e2d ysbrydol neu ddiwylliannol y duwdod hwn yn ddi-baid ac yn gyffredinol.<\/p><p>Roedd addoliad arglwydd y byd tanddaearol yn fater gwladwriaethol yn Rhufain, nid mater preifat: cynhaliwyd y Gemau Secwlar er mwyn Dis Pater a Proserpina ar ran y Senedd, ac yr oeddent yn ymwneud \u00e2&#8217;r gymuned gyfan.<\/p><p>Daeth Pluton Groegaidd i Rufain trwy Dde&#8217;r Eidal a&#8217;r trefedigaethau Groegaidd yno, lle cyfunodd \u00e2&#8217;r Dis Pater brodorol; fel hyn ymledodd delwedd gyffredinol eang o&#8217;r duw ar draws diriogaeth ymerodraeth Rhufain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau cynradd: Aeneid Fyrsil 6, Metamorffosis Ofid 5 (Lladrad Proserpina), Odau Horas, Epigramau Martial, trasied\u00efau Seneca (Hercules Furens, Octavia), Cicero, Metamorffosis Apuleius. Cyfnod: 4edd ganrif CC hyd y 6ed ganrif OC. Ysgolheigion: Georg Wissowa, Karl Latte (Hanes Crefydd Rufeinig), Walter Burkert, Hendrik Versnel, Filippo Coarelli (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwyddoniaeth sy'n ymchwilio i ddiwylliannau'r gorffennol trwy ddarganfyddiadau materol.\" tabindex=\"0\">archaeoleg<\/span>). Tystiolaeth: Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, cofebau o Volsinii, Tarracina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Pluto yn y gwahanol ffynonellau a thraddodiadau artistig gydag elfennau eiconograffig penodol a ailddigwydd, sy&#8217;n aros yn gymharol gyson dros ddegawdau a ar draws gwahanol ranbarthau daearyddol. Mae&#8217;r elfennau hyn wedi&#8217;u codio&#8217;n ddwfn yn symbolaidd ac yn cario ystyr fawr; nid ydynt yn ddim modd wedi&#8217;u dewis yn addurniadol nac ar hap.<\/p><p>Mae darluniau Pluto yn dangos ei faes rheolaeth yn eglur. Mae&#8217;r deyrnwialen yn ei nodi fel rheolwr y byd tanddaearol, a&#8217;r orsedd wrth ochr Proserpina fel brenin teyrnas y meirw. Mae&#8217;r gorn digonedd yn cyfeirio at ail haen ystyr yr enw: mae&#8217;r Groegaidd Pluton yn deillio o plutos, cyfoeth, ac yn cyfeirio at drysorau a chynhyrchion cae o ddyfnderoedd y ddaear.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ci tri-phen Kerberos wrth ei ochr a&#8217;r cerbyd y mae&#8217;n lladrata Proserpina arno hefyd yn perthyn i&#8217;r cronfa ddelweddau sefydlog. Roedd unrhyw un a oedd yn gyfarwydd ag iconograffeg hynafol yn darllen ohono gyfrifoldeb a statws y duw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd Plwton yn ganolog i arferion crefyddol, defodau bob dydd a dealltwriaeth feunyddiol trigolion Rhufain. Byddai pobl yn troi at yr endid hwn mewn sefyllfaoedd bywyd tyngedfennol neu benodol, neu ar dymhorau defodol penodol, gyda defodau strwythuredig, gwedd\u00efau neu offrymau a oedd yn aml yn cymhleth.<\/p><p>Yn Rhufain, ni fu gan Plwton fawr o gwlt annibynnol gyda theml sefydlog ac offeiriadaeth ei hun. Er hynny, roedd defodau ar gyfer duwiau&#8217;r isfyd yn dilyn rheolau pendant cyfraith sanctaidd Rufeinig: byddid yn cyflwyno offrymau i dduwiau cthonig mewn pyllau, yn aml liw nos, a fel arfer yn enw Dis Pater, y ffigwr yr ymdoddodd Plwton ag ef i raddau helaeth.<\/p><p>Roedd rhesymau ymarferol y tu \u00f4l i&#8217;r ffaith bod y Rhufeiniaid wedi addoli duw&#8217;r isfyd am ganrifoedd.<\/p><p>Roedd y defodau&#8217;n gwasanaethu gwahanol ddibenion: roeddent i dawelu&#8217;r meirw a rhwystro iddynt dreiddio i fyd y byw, roeddent yn rhan o gladdedigaethau a choffadwriaethau i&#8217;r meirw, ac yn y Ludi Tarentini, sef y gemau seciwlar diweddarach, byddid yn galw ar Dis Pater a Proserpina i wrthsefyll trychineb rhag y ddinas ac i ddechrau cyfnod newydd.<\/p><h3>Ymddangosiad a Symbolaeth<\/h3><p>Darlunnir Plwton fel g\u0175r difrifol, urddasol, yn aml mewn gwisg dywyll. Mae sceptr yn symboleiddio ei arglwyddiaeth. Du a llwyd tywyll yw ei liwiau. Mae&#8217;r pabi a&#8217;r cypreswydd yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i'r dwyfol, ac felly wedi'i dynnu allan o ddefnydd bob dydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">sanctaidd<\/span> iddo. Weithiau mae&#8217;n gwisgo coron. Mae&#8217;r ddaear yn agor yn agen o dan ei draed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Plwton<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r proffil yn amlinellu arglwyddiaeth Plwton dros chwe maes: ei darddiad mytholegol-hanesyddol, yr arferion offeiriadol a hudol wrth ei addoli, ei ddarluniad nodweddiadol mewn celf a symbolaeth, arwyddoc\u00e2d <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduw neu b\u0175er trwy weddi neu ddefod.\" tabindex=\"0\">alwad<\/span> a pharch at dduw&#8217;r farwolaeth, cymariaethau \u00e2 ffigyrau cysylltiedig o ddiwylliannau eraill, ac yn olaf, persbectif cyffredinol ar ei r\u00f4l gosmig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun Diwylliannol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plwton yw&#8217;r ffurf Rufeinig ar Hades y Groegiaid, ac mae&#8217;n deillio o dduwiau&#8217;r isfyd Indo-Ewropeaidd. Sefydlwyd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliadol crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> yn Etruria a chafodd ei fabwysiadu gan Rufain. Yn safleoedd cwlt Italaidd (yn enwedig<\/p><p>Tarracina a Volsinii), roedd cysegrfeydd Plwton wedi eu sefydlu erbyn y 5ed ganrif CC. Roedd Plwtws Rhufeinig (duw cyfoeth) yn endid gwahanol, ond byddai&#8217;n aml yn cael ei gymysgu \u00e2 Plwton. Roedd ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliadol crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yn llai cyhoeddus, yn fwy o ddefosiwn preifat ac arfer hudol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Targedau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Byddai Plwton yn cael ei alw gan bob dyn meidrol, mewn achosion o alar, wrth dyngu llw llys (i&#8217;w gryfhau \u00e2 grym yr isfyd), gan ffermwyr wrth felltithio caeau (defixio), a chan ddewiniaid wrth ymarfer necromanteg.<\/p><p>Yn arbennig, byddai&#8217;r Haruspices Etrwsgaidd (darllenwyr ymysgaroedd) ac offeiriaid Rhufeinig y Chthonii (offeiriaid tanddaearol) yn cynnal y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliadol crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span>. Yn nhai preifat, byddid yn gosod ffigurau o Blwton i wylio beddau. Roedd g\u0175yl Lemuria (9, 11 a 13 Mai) yn ddefod ddomestig i dawelu ysbrydion tanddaearol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Darluniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Darlunnir Plwton fel g\u0175r barfog, difrifol, yn aml yn eistedd ar orsedd mewn creigiau neu ogofau, weithiau \u00e2 sceptr neu neidr.<\/p><p>Ei briodoleddau yw&#8217;r corn hyrddod (cornucopia, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> cyfoeth tanddaearol), pen y pabi (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> cwsg a marwolaeth), y neidr, arian neu drysorau. Ar ddarnau arian, mae&#8217;n eistedd ar orsedd wrth ochr Proserpina. Mae cerrig bedd yn ei ddarlunio fel barnwr y meirw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maes Dylanwad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes dylanwad:<\/strong> Plwton (neu Dis Pater) yw llywodraethwr isfyd Rhufain, brawd Iau a Neifion. Ystyrir ef fel gweinyddwr cyfiawn y byd tu hwnt, ac nid oes gan y traddodiad yn ei gynnwys unrhyw nodweddion drwg. Yn Rhufain, byddid yn ei alw heb gyswllt llygad, gan droi i ffwrdd a siarad ag ef.<\/p><p>Cysylltir cyfoeth (*ploutus*, gorlawnder) ag ef, gan fod pob mwyn a ffrwyth y ddaear yn tarddu o&#8217;i deyrnas. Ef yw&#8217;r duw distaw sy&#8217;n cynnwys pob peth ynddo&#8217;i hun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffyrdd o amddiffyn<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Byddid yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y weithred o annerch neu alw ar dduw neu b\u0175er trwy weddi neu ddefod.\" tabindex=\"0\">alw<\/span> ar Plwton \u00e2 pharch dwys, wedi&#8217;i ysgogi gan barch at b\u0175er natur yn hytrach nag ofn cosb. Y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduw i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrymau<\/span> oedd anifeiliaid a liwiwyd yn ddu (hyrddod, teirw), m\u00eal a gwaed.<\/p><p>Byddid yn gadael defixiones (llechi melltith \u00e2 enwau wedi&#8217;u crafu arnynt) mewn beddau a themlau, i erfyn ar Plwton am gyfiawnder neu ddial. Ystyrid addewidion i Plwton yn fwy rhwymol na llw daearol, yn eithriad o fewn arfer crefyddol Rhufeinig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau Plwton<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades (Groegaidd) yw&#8217;r cymhariad mwyaf uniongyrchol, gyda rolau a phriodoleddau tebyg. Roedd Aitn\/Aita Etrwsgaidd yn ragflaenydd i Plwton. Yn rhanbarth Mesopotamia, cyfetyb Nergal iddo fel duw&#8217;r isfyd \u00e2 swyddogaethau tebyg. Yn yr Aifft, mae Osiris yn ymgorffori arglwyddiaeth yr isfyd ac ailenedigaeth. Mae&#8217;r duwiau hyn i gyd yn rhannu&#8217;r amwysedd rhwng arswyd a threfn gosmig angenrheidiol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Plwton, cymariaethau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Pluto Rhufeinig yn cyfateb yn swyddogaethol i&#8217;r Hades Groegaidd, ond yn ymarfer crefyddol Rhufeinig fe integreir cyfeiriadau cthonig ac amaethyddol ychwanegol. Mae ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwltiad<\/span> yn gorgyffwrdd \u00e2 un Dis Pater ac Orcus, ond o fewn yr Ymerodraeth fe&#8217;i cyfeirir yn fwy tuag at gyfoeth a ffrwythlondeb y ddaear na&#8217;r model Groegaidd.<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>Traddodiad Iddewig:<\/strong> Nid teyrnas gyda duw personol yw&#8217;r Sheol Iddewig, ond yn syml deyrnas y meirw. Yn ddiweddarach (mewn apocalyptigiaeth) crybwyllir <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mewn crefyddau Abrahamaidd, bod nefol sy'n negesydd Duw.\" tabindex=\"0\">angylion<\/span> fel barnwyr, ond nid oes cyfatebiaeth i Pluto. Mae cyfuniad synkretaidd Hades-Pluto wedi&#8217;i gofnodi mewn Iddewiaeth Helenistig, ond nid yw&#8217;n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i gorpws sanctaidd penodedig o ysgrythurau crefydd; ystyrir testunau anghanonaidd yn apocryffaidd.\">ganonaidd<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Byd Groegaidd-Rufeinig:<\/strong> Hades yw rhagflaenydd a chyfochr Pluto. Adeiladodd y Rhufeiniaid ar syniadau Groegaidd, ond pwysleisiwyd mwy ar gyfiawnder a threfn. Mae Hermes Psychopompos (arweinydd y meirw) yn ychwanegiad, nid yn gystadleuydd.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Mae Nergal ac Ereshkigal (duwies y byd tanddaearol) yn rheoli gyda&#8217;i gilydd dros deyrnas y meirw. Mae Nergal yn rhannu grym rhyfel a ph\u0175er cthonig \u00e2 Pluto. Mae Ereshkigal yn farnwr llymach na Proserpina.<\/p><p><strong>India\/Asia:<\/strong> Yama yw&#8217;r duw meirwon Vedaidd, sy&#8217;n trefnu trefn y meirw. Nid oes cyfatebiaeth uniongyrchol, ond yn strwythurol mae&#8217;n debyg: trefnydd y byd tanddaearol, llym a chyfiawn. Ym Mwdhaeth mae&#8217;r byd tanddaearol yn llai personolaidd, heb gyfwerth i Pluto.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp63e7126 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp63e7126\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9bbe5a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9bbe5a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dis Pater, Orcus ac enwau Rhufeinig duw'r meirw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcb0d808 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpcb0d808\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp75de8e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp75de8e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymddangosodd duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol dan sawl enw, ac mae&#8217;r berthynas rhyngddynt yn ddadlennol ar gyfer hanes crefydd. <em>Pluto<\/em> ei hun yw ffurf Ladin y llysenw Groegaidd <em>Plouton<\/em>, sef Y Cyfoethog, ac fe ddaeth i Rufain gyda mabwysiadu syniadau Groegaidd. Wrth ei ochr safai enwau brodorol h\u0177n.<\/p><p>Y pwysicaf ohonynt yw <em>Dis Pater<\/em>, y Tad Cyfoethog. Ystyrir bod yr enw <em>Dis<\/em> yn gywasgiad o <em>dives<\/em>, cyfoethog, ac felly&#8217;n gyfatebiaeth Ladin fanwl gywir i&#8217;r Groegaidd Plouton. Yma eto mae&#8217;r cyfoeth yn cyfeirio at yr hyn sydd o dan y ddaear, at yr \u0177d ac at drysorau&#8217;r pridd.<\/p><p>Trydydd enw yw <em>Orcus<\/em>, y mae ei darddiad yn ddadleuol; gallai Orcus gyfeirio at y duw ei hun, at y byd tanddaearol ei hun, ac at b\u0175er cosbol a bygythiol. O Orcus, drwy lwybrau anuniongyrchol, deillia&#8217;r Eidaleg <em>orco<\/em> ac yn y pen draw&#8217;r gair Ellyll (ogre).<\/p><p>Mae amrywiaeth yr enwau hyn yn dangos bod syniad y Rhufeiniaid am dduw&#8217;r meirw wedi&#8217;i fwydo o sawl ffynhonnell: o draddodiad brodorol a gysylltid \u00e2 Dis Pater ac Orcus, ac o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw ac am gred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddiwinyddiaeth<\/span> Roegaidd a ddaeth ag <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm chwedlau duwiau traddodiadol diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> ddatblygedig Hades gyda&#8217;r enw Pluto.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil yn tybio bod syniadau brodorol Rhufeinig yn wreiddiol yn llai personol ac yn llai llawn chwedlau na&#8217;r rhai Groegaidd. Dim ond drwy uniaethu \u00e2 Hades-Plouton y cafodd duw&#8217;r byd tanddaearol Rufeinig ei ffurf ddatblygedig a&#8217;i chwedlau, yn anad dim ysbeilio <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/proserpina\/\">Proserpina<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc860d54 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc860d54\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpabb6594 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpabb6594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Ludi Tarentini a'r allor ym Maes Mawrth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9b61d10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9b61d10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf79ffd5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf79ffd5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd defosiynol crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Rhufeinig ei hun ar gyfer Dis Pater a Proserpina \u00e2&#8217;i ganolfan ym Maes Mawrth mewn lle a elwid <em>Tarentum<\/em> neu <em>Terentum<\/em>. Yno safai <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle uchel neu fwrdd ar gyfer offrymau a gweithredoedd crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">allor<\/span> danddaearol, a oedd yn cael ei datgelu a&#8217;i defnyddio ar achlysuron penodol yn unig.<\/p><p>Yn \u00f4l y chwedl sylfaenu, dywedir bod Sabiniad o&#8217;r enw Valesius wedi cloddio yno a darganfod yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle uchel neu fwrdd ar gyfer offrymau a gweithredoedd crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">allor<\/span> wrth chwilio am iach\u00e2d ar gyfer ei blant.<\/p><p>Yn y lle hwn cynhelid y <em>Ludi Tarentini<\/em>, gemau nosol ac <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduw i fynegi diolch, cais neu barch.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrymau<\/span> i&#8217;r duwiau tanddaearol.<\/p><p>O&#8217;r traddodiad hwn datblygodd y <em>Ludi Saeculares<\/em>, y Gemau Sacwlaidd, a gynhelid unwaith yn unig mewn <em>saeculum<\/em>, cyfnod o ryw gan mlynedd neu gant a deg, gan y rheswm nad oedd unrhyw un i&#8217;w brofi ddwywaith. Roedd y gemau&#8217;n nodi&#8217;r trawsnewid o un oes i&#8217;r nesaf.<\/p><p>Yn arbennig o dda y&#8217;u disgrifir y Gemau Sacwlaidd a gynhaliodd yr Ymerawdwr Augustus ym 17 CC.<\/p><p>Ar gyfer yr achlysur hwn cyfansoddodd Horas y <em>Carmen Saeculare<\/em>, a ganwyd gan gorau o fechgyn a merched. Mae arysgrif sy&#8217;n cofnodi&#8217;r rhaglen \u0175yl wedi ei chadw, ac ystyrir yn ffynhonnell bwysig.<\/p><p>Yn nhermau astudiaethau crefydd mae&#8217;r canfyddiad hwn yn arwyddocaol: mae&#8217;n dangos bod Dis Pater yng nghwlt gwladwriaethol Rhufain yn mynd y tu hwnt i r\u00f4l derbynnydd defodau meirw preifat. Ymddengys yno fel grym a gysylltir \u00e2 threfn yr oesoedd mawr ac \u00e2 adnewyddiad seremon\u00efol y gymuned. Roedd yr offrymau nosol, tywyll i dduwiau&#8217;r byd tanddaearol yn rhan sefydlog o drefn \u0175yliau Rhufain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp303ceab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp303ceab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp40a75b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp40a75b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfoeth o'r dyfnder: Pluto, mwyngloddio a ffrwythlondeb<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd3c2a83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpd3c2a83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cdbc79 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4cdbc79\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rhinwedd amlwg Pluto yw ei enw ei hun, y Cyfoethog. Nid damwain yw&#8217;r cysylltiad hwn rhwng duw&#8217;r meirw a chyfoeth, ond mynegiant o gysyniad cydlynol.<\/p><p>Y ddaear y disgyn y meirw i&#8217;w chrombil yw&#8217;r un ddaear y tyfa&#8217;r \u0177d ohoni ac y mae&#8217;r metelau a&#8217;r gemau ynddi. Pwy bynnag sy&#8217;n rheoli&#8217;r isfyd, sy&#8217;n rheoli&#8217;r trysorau hyn hefyd.<\/p><p>Yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Fyd<\/span> roedd Pluto felly&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2 chyfoeth y tir, gyda ffermio a mwyngloddio fel eu gilydd. Rhaid gwahaniaethu rhwng y duw Groegaidd <em>Plutos<\/em>, personoliad cyfoeth yn ystyr gaeth y gair, a Plouton, ond mae&#8217;r ddau enw&#8217;n debyg iawn i&#8217;w gilydd fel eu bod wedi cael eu cymysgu eisoes yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Fyd<\/span>.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cwlwm agos rhwng duw&#8217;r isfyd a Proserpina, a ymddengys hi ei hun fel duwies llysieuaeth, yn atgyfnerthu&#8217;r ochr hon: mae ei dyrchafiad a&#8217;i disgyniad blynyddol yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 thwf a marwolaeth cnwd y maes.<\/p><p>Yn academaidd, mae&#8217;r canfyddiad hwn yn dangos nad oedd y Rhufeiniaid a&#8217;r Groegiaid yn ystyried marwolaeth a ffrwythlondeb yn wrthdrawiadau pur. Yr un ddaear sy&#8217;n llyncu, sydd hefyd yn cynhyrchu. Felly mae duw&#8217;r meirw yn fwy na ffigwr brawychus: mae hefyd yn warant o gylchred y mae&#8217;r byw yn dibynnu arni.<\/p><p>Yn y celfyddydau gweledol, darluniwyd Pluto o bryd i&#8217;w gilydd gyda chorn digonedd, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> o ddigonedd, sy&#8217;n dwyn i&#8217;r amlwg yr ochr gadarnhaol hon. Ac eto, wrth aberthu iddo, defnyddiwyd y ffurfiau arferol ar gyfer duwiau cthonig, anifeiliaid tywyll, gwaed a arllwyswyd i&#8217;r ddaear, ac agwedd seremon\u00efol ddifrifol wedi&#8217;i chyfeirio at y dyfnder.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7308312 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp7308312\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3e9d09b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp3e9d09b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O dduw i blaned gorrach: hanes yr enw modern<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp72760ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp72760ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp64c91ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp64c91ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Mae gan yr enw Pluto yrfa arall yn yr 20fed ganrif, ymhell o grefydd hynafol. Pan ddarganfuwyd corff nefol newydd y tu hwnt i Neifion yn Arsyllfa Lowell yn Arizona ym 1930, chwiliwyd am enw ar ei gyfer.<\/span><\/p><p>Y cynnig a ddaeth gan Venetia Burney, merch ysgol un-ar-ddeg oed o Rydychen a oedd \u00e2 diddordeb mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg hynafol<\/span>. Ymddangosai enw duw&#8217;r byd tanddaearol tywyll a phell yn addas ar gyfer y corff nefol pell ac oer hwn.<\/p><p>Enillodd y cynnig dir hefyd am fod dwy lythyren gyntaf yr enw, P ac L, hefyd yn arddechrau enw Percival Lowell, sylfaenydd yr arsyllfa, a fu&#8217;n chwilio ers amser hir am blaned o&#8217;r fath.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> seryddol y corff nefol yn cyfuno&#8217;r ddwy lythyren hyn. Ystyriwyd Pluto i ddechrau fel y nawfed blaned yng nghysawd yr haul. Yn 2006 fe&#8217;i hailddosbarthwyd yn gorrach blaned gan yr Undeb Seryddol Rhyngwladol, penderfyniad a achosodd ymatebion cryf iawn ymysg y cyhoedd.<\/span><\/p><p>Yn wyddonol, mae&#8217;r bennod hon yn enghraifft o barhad enwau duwiau hynafol yn iaith wyddonol fodern.<\/p><p>Fel y planedau Iau, Mawrth, Gwener a Neifion, mae&#8217;r corff nefol hwn hefyd yn dwyn enw duw Rhufeinig, ac gydag ef teithiodd maes cysyniadol cyfan ymlaen: enwir lleuad fwyaf Pluto yn Charon, ar \u00f4l cychwr y byd tanddaearol, ac mae lleuadau eraill yn dwyn enwau fel Styx a Cerberus.<\/p><p>Mae daearyddiaeth hynafol y byd wedi hyn, wedi&#8217;i ddiosg o&#8217;i chynnwys crefyddol, wedi dod yn gronfa ar gyfer enwau seryddol. Heddiw, mae duw&#8217;r meirw Rhufeinig yn hysbys i&#8217;r rhan fwyaf o bobl yn bennaf fel corff i\u00e2 pell ar ymyl cysawd yr haul.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/rhufain\/\">Rhufain, Diwylliant<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/proserpina\/\">Proserpina, Gwraig, Brenhines yr Isfyd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hades\/\">Hades, Cyfatebiaeth Roegaidd<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffynonellau a llenyddiaeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Beard, Mary \/ North, John \/ Price, Simon: <em>Religions of Rome<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1998.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Burkert, Walter: <em>Greek Religion<\/em>. Harvard University Press, 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Turcan, Robert: <em>The Cults of the Roman Empire<\/em>. Blackwell Publishers, 1996.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pluto e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pluto\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-pluto-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-pluto-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fel <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod a addolir fel duwiol o fewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">duwdod<\/span><\/em> traddodiad Rhufeinig, mae Pluto&#8217;n cyfuno&#8217;r Hades Groegaidd \u00e2 syniadau hen-Italaidd am gyfoeth y ddaear, ac yn rheoli tros deyrnas y meirw, adnoddau&#8217;r tir a haenau tanddaearol y byd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1737,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Pluto","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Pluto \u2013 duw Rhufeinig y Byd Tanddaearol","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191308","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Pluto \u2013 duw Rhufeinig y Byd Tanddaearol<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pluto\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/\",\"name\":\"Pluto \u2013 duw Rhufeinig y Byd Tanddaearol\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Duwiau o'r Traddodiad Rhufeinig.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?page_id=191134\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Pluto\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cy\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Pluto\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/pluto\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"description\":\"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Pluto \u2013 duw Rhufeinig y Byd Tanddaearol","description":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Pluto","og_description":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Pluto","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:36+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/","name":"Pluto \u2013 duw Rhufeinig y Byd Tanddaearol","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:36+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","description":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Duwiau o'r Traddodiad Rhufeinig."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?page_id=191134"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Pluto"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cy"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Pluto","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:36+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_rom_pluto.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Pluto, duw Rhufeinig y byd tanddaearol a chyfoeth, wedi ei drosglwyddo dros ganrifoedd: priod Proserpina, barnwr y meirw, teml yn Tarracina."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191308"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191308\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}