{"id":191271,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191271"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"hades","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hades\/","title":{"rendered":"Hades"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191271\" class=\"elementor elementor-191271 elementor-1882 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades, duw traddodiad Gwlad Groeg<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hades yw duw traddodiad Gwlad Groeg.<\/p><p>Rheolwr y byd tanddaearol, brawd Zeus a Poseidon, arweinydd anweledig teyrnas y meirw. Mae Hades yn rheoli teyrnas y rhai a fu farw heb ymgeisio am Olympus, mae&#8217;n rhannu&#8217;r byd gyda&#8217;i frodyr ar \u00f4l y fuddugoliaeth dros y Titaniaid, ond yn cadw&#8217;r byd tanddaearol yn fwriadol iddo&#8217;i hun.<\/p><p>Roedd ei enw&#8217;n peri cymaint o ofn i&#8217;r Groegiaid fel y byddent fel arfer yn ei gyfeirio drwy ddisgrifiadau amgen: <em>Plouton<\/em>, y cyfoethog; <em>Polydegmon<\/em>, yr un a dderbynia lawer; <em>Eubuleus<\/em>, yr un a gynghora&#8217;n dda.<\/p><p>Hades yw&#8217;r duw tanddaearol Groegaidd mwyaf hysbys. Ystyrir Hades yn dduw&#8217;r meirw yng Ngwlad Groeg ac mae&#8217;n dal i lywio&#8217;r ddelwedd o farwolaeth a&#8217;r byd tanddaearol heddiw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf personol o fewn pantheon diwylliant, gyda meysydd cyfrifoldeb clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir drwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd a mytholeg Gwlad Groeg hynafol o'r cyfnod Mycenaidd hyd yr hen oes hwyr.\">Gwlad Groeg<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duwiau'r byd tanddaearol a marwolaeth, rheolwyr y byd a ddaw, beirniaid y meirw, hebryngwyr eneidiau.\">Duw'r meirw<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193533\" alt=\"Hades - duwiau o draddodiad Gwlad Groeg, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_griechenland_hades.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg cyflym: Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Prif dduw Groegaidd, rheolwr y byd tanddaearol<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Gwlad Groeg (un o&#8217;r tri brawd ar \u00f4l Zeus a Poseidon)<br>Swyddogaeth: Rheolwr y byd tanddaearol, ceidwad y meirw, meddiannwr cyfoeth<br>Priodoleddau prif: Helm cuddliw (helm Aidos), Bidens (fforch ddwy-big), coron cypreswydd, Cerberus<br>Prif fannau cwlt: Eleusis, Hermione (Argolis), Pylos, Lokroi Epizephyrioi<br>Cymar Rufeinig: Pluto \/ Dis Pater<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bu Hades yn ganolog i fytholeg Roegaidd ers Homer (8fed ganrif CC). <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y stor\u00efau duwiau a gadwyd o ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mytholeg<\/span>. Roedd ei enw <em>Aides<\/em> (&#8220;yr anweledig&#8221;) yn tab\u0175, ac yng nghwlt y werin fe&#8217;i gelwid yn aml <em>Plouton<\/em> (&#8220;y cyfoethog&#8221;), gwrthddywediad i&#8217;w osgoi.<\/p><p>Yn Eleusis mae&#8217;n gymar Persephone yn y dirgeleddau. Yn y cyfnod Helenistig-Rufeinig fe&#8217;i mabwysiadwyd fel Pluto \/ Dis Pater, ac yn yr hen oes hwyr Gristnogol fe&#8217;i cadwyd fel <em>Pluton-Hades<\/em>, personoliad o&#8217;r byd tanddaearol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> Hades ei hun yn brin (roedd ei enw&#8217;n tab\u0175). Prif fannau cwlt: <strong>Eleusis<\/strong> (addolwyd fel Plouton yn nirgeleddau Persephone), <strong>Hermione<\/strong> (Argolis, mae Pausanias yn nodi <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol tuag at dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Hades arbennig), Pylos, Lokroi Epizephyrioi. Yn Eleusis mae ogof y <em>Plutonion<\/em> (ei fynedfa dybiedig i&#8217;r byd tanddaearol) yn dal i&#8217;w gweld heddiw. Yn Rufeinig fe&#8217;i lledaenwyd yn Pompeii a Rhufain (cyfadeilad Iseum).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffynonellau canolog: Hesiod (<em>Theogonie<\/em>), Iliad ac Odysew Homer (Llyfr XI, Nekyia Odysews), <em>Homerischer Hymnos an Demeter<\/em> (herwgipiad Persephone), Apollodorus <em>Bibliotheca<\/em>, Fyrsil <em>Aeneis<\/em> Llyfr VI, Pawsanias <em>Disgrifiad o Wlad Groeg<\/em>. Llenyddiaeth eilaidd: Sourvinou-Inwood, <em>&#8220;Reading&#8221; Greek Death<\/em>; Garland, <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>; Burkert, <em>Griechische Religion<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Groeg:<\/strong> \u1f0d\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 (H\u00e1id\u0113s), yn wreiddiol o bosibl &#8220;yr anweledig&#8221; (o *a-wid- &#8220;na welir&#8221;). Yn y cyfnod clasurol hefyd \u1f08\u0390\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 (A\u00efd\u0113s). Cyfenwau: <em>Plouton<\/em> (y cyfoethog, o Plutos &#8220;cyfoeth&#8221;), oherwydd y cyfoeth tanddaearol. <em>Polydegmon<\/em> (derbyniwr llu), <em>Eubuleus<\/em> (cynghorwr da), <em>Klymenos<\/em> (yr enwog), <em>Agesilaos<\/em> (arweinydd pobl y meirw).<\/p><p>Cymar Rufeinig: Pluto (Lladin Pluto, o&#8217;r Roeg Plouton); hefyd Dis Pater (&#8220;tad cyfoethog&#8221;) fel ffurf Rufeinig unigryw. Etrwsgaidd: Aita. Perthnasau pwysig: brawd Zeus a Poseidon, mab Kronos a Rhea, g\u0175r Persephone (merch Demeter).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Darlunnir Hades fel dyn cymharol hen a barfog, yn debyg o ran pryd a gwedd i Zeus, ond gan amlaf ag ymadrodd tywyllach, mwy difrifol. Yn ei law mae&#8217;n dal deyrnwialen \u00e2 phen aderyn neu ffon ddwy-big.<\/p><p>Mae ei helm cuddliw, rhodd y Kyklopiaid, yn ei wneud yn anweledig; mae&#8217;n rhannu&#8217;r helm hwn o dro i dro \u00e2 duwiau ac arwyr. Tynnir ei gerbyd gan bedwar march du. Wrth ei ochr neu wrth ei draed gorwedda Cerberus, y ci uffern tri-phen.<\/p><p><strong>Natur a Gweithredoedd<\/strong><\/p><p>Nid Hades ei hun yw &#8220;marwolaeth&#8221;, dyna yw Thanatos. Mae&#8217;n weinyddwr teyrnas y meirw, cyfiawn ac anllygredig, ond didostur. Nid oes ond ychydig achosion prin y daw rhywun sydd wedi cyrraedd ei deyrnas allan ohoni eto (Orpheus, Herakles, Nekyia Odysews).<\/p><p>Yn wahanol i&#8217;w frodyr a chwiorydd Olympaidd, mae Hades yn ymyrryd yn anfynych mewn materion daearol; yr unig eithriad mawr yw herwgipiad Persephone, a arweiniodd at newid y tymhorau ac at gwlt dirgeleddau Eleusis.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddangosiad a Symbolaeth<\/strong><\/p><p>Darlunnir Hades fel dyn barfog, cymharol hen, yn aml gyda theyrnwialen neu goron (helm anweledigrwydd, yr adamant). Ei liw yw du neu las tywyll, lliw&#8217;r byd tanddaearol. Y benglog, y goron a&#8217;r fforch ddwy-big yw ei briodoleddau.<\/p><p>Y ci Cerberus, gwarcheidwad tri-phen teyrnas Hades, yw ei gymar ffyddlon. Roedd y pabi a&#8217;r cypreswydden yn sanctaidd iddo. Yn wahanol i fellten Zeus neu dryfor Poseidon, mae grym Hades yn fwy cynnil, anweledig, anochel. Uffern ei hun yw ei gorff; afon Hades yw ei anadl.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion Hades ar un olwg. Mae&#8217;r meysydd canlynol yn crynhoi&#8217;i darddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymhariaethau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mab Cronos a Rhea yw Hades, brawd h\u0177n i Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter a Hestia. Wrth rannu&#8217;r byd ar \u00f4l y fuddugoliaeth dros y Titaniaid, cafodd Zeus y nefoedd, Poseidon y m\u00f4r, a Hades y byd tanddaearol, drwy goelbren, nid drwy ddewis.<\/p><p>Priod <em>Persephone<\/em>, y mae&#8217;n ei herwgipio o&#8217;r byd uwchben, sef y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwedl<\/span> Hades ganolog. Yn wahanol i&#8217;w frodyr, prin fod ganddo garwriaethau na disgynyddion: caiff ei gyfyngu&#8217;n llym i&#8217;w barth ei hun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rheolwr y byd tanddaearol, nid barnwr y meirw (Minos, Rhadamanthys, Aiakos sy&#8217;n gwneud hynny), ond arglwydd goruchaf y deyrnas. Ceidwad y meirw: nid oes neb yn dychwelyd o&#8217;i deyrnas, ac eithrio drwy ganiat\u00e2d arbennig gan dduwiau (Orffews, Heracles, Persephone i ryw raddau). Fel <em>Plouton<\/em> mae hefyd yn nawddsant cyfoeth, mwynau daear, cronfeydd \u0177d, a chyfoeth mwynol o&#8217;r ddaear. Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd defosiynol crefyddol tuag at dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Eleusinaidd, mae&#8217;r agwedd ffrwythlon-chthonig yn drech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ffigwr gwrywaidd aeddfed a mawreddog gyda chudynnau trwchus a barf lawn, tebyg i Zeus ond yn fwy llym a thywyll. <em>Helm Aidos<\/em> (het anweledig, a luniwyd gan y Cyclopiaid) yw&#8217;r prif briodoledd, sy&#8217;n ei wneud yn anweledig.<\/p><p><em>Bidens<\/em> (fforch ddeuben, debyg i drident Poseidon), <em>coron cypreswydden<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> galar), ac mewn rhai darluniau <em>pomgranad<\/em> (oherwydd ei gysylltiad \u00e2 Persephone). Yn gwmni iddo mae&#8217;r ci tri phen, <em>Cerberus<\/em>. Yn y Lokroi Pinakes fe&#8217;i darlunnir yn aml ar orsedd wrth ochr Persephone. Croen yn aml yn dywyllach nag un Zeus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Addoliad Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Maes gweithredu:<\/strong> Anfynych y galwyd ar Hades yn uniongyrchol, ystyrid ei enw yn dab\u0175. Yn hytrach, galwyd ar <em>Plouton<\/em> (cyfoeth), <em>Klymenos<\/em> (&#8220;yr enwog&#8221;) neu <em>Eubouleus<\/em> (&#8220;yr un a rydd gyngor da&#8221;). Yn Eleusis roedd yn ganolog fel Plouton.<\/p><p>Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd defosiynol crefyddol tuag at dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> personol, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfarch ymbilgar neu ddefosiynol i dduwdod neu b\u0175er.\" tabindex=\"0\">galwad<\/span> am farwolaeth ddiogel (marwolaeth drugarog). Wrth gladdu, aberthwyd anifeiliaid (\u0175yn duon, moch). Wrth dyngu llw, prin y galwyd arno o dan yr enw Hades, gan fod hynny&#8217;n cynnwys elfen o ddicter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symbolau Hades<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Helm Aidos (het anweledigrwydd), Bidens (fforch ddeuben), torch gypreswydden, Cerberws (ci teiripennog), afal pomgranad (o ganlyniad i Persephone), cerbyd gyda meirch du, allwedd (i gloi&#8217;r byd tanddaearol). Planhigion: cypreswydden, asffodel, pabi, cennin Pedr (blodyn Persephone). Anifeiliaid sanctaidd: defaid du, Cerberws.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogion Hades<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Pluto<\/em> (Rhufain, mabwysiad bron yn union yr un peth), <em>Dis Pater<\/em> (Rhufain, ffurf Rufeinig gynharach), <em>Yamaraja<\/em> (Hind\u0175aeth, barnwr y meirw), <em>Yama<\/em> (Bwdhaeth), <em>Anubis\/Osiris<\/em> (Yr Aifft, tywysydd y meirw + brenin y meirw), <em>Hel<\/em> (Germanaidd, brenhines y byd tanddaearol), <em>Mictlantecuhtli<\/em> (Astec, arglwydd Mictlan), <em>Yanluo<\/em> (Tsieina, arglwydd Diyu), <em>Ereshkigal<\/em> (Mesopotamia, brenhines fenywaidd y byd tanddaearol).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Addoliad yn Bywyd Bob Dydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd Hades yn dduw i&#8217;r diwylliant g\u0175yl gyhoeddus, osgoid ei enw, ac roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir ar gyfer addoli un neu ragor o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span>au&#8217;n brin ac fel arfer wedi&#8217;u hynysu. Yn y bywyd preifat, amlygwyd ei bresenoldeb yn bennaf mewn dau gyd-destun: defodau claddu a chwltiau&#8217;r dirgelion.<\/p><p>Wrth gladdu, rhoddwyd darn arian ar geg y ymadawedig (obol Charon) fel t\u00e2l y cludwr i Charon, ac weithiau deisen f\u00eal i Cerberus. Cynhaliwyd gwyliau galar (Trita, Enata) ar y trydydd a&#8217;r nawfed dydd ar \u00f4l y farwolaeth, yn dilyn gwedd\u00efau penodol i&#8217;r duwiau chthonig. Roedd beddau teuluol yn fannau gofal parhaus, a chynhaliai gwleddoedd angladdol (Perideipnon) ac offrymau cyfnodol gyswllt byw \u00e2&#8217;r ymadawedig.<\/p><p>Roedd y Dirgelion Eleusinaidd, lle chwaraeai Hades a Persephone rolau canolog, yn addo tynged well i&#8217;r cyfranogwyr yn y byd a ddaw. Arhosodd union ddefodau&#8217;r dirgelion yn gyfrinach dan orchymyn distawrwydd, ond ymddangosai Hades fel <em>Plouton<\/em> yn y dirgelion fel agwedd fwy cyfiawn a llai brawychus ohono&#8217;i hun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hades, cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Traddodiad Rhufeinig:<\/strong> Pluto (o&#8217;r Roeg Plouton) a Dis Pater (yn wreiddiol Rufeinig). Mae&#8217;r cyfuniad \u00e2 Hades Groegaidd yn ddi-dor. Yr wyliau Lemuria a Parentalia oedd cyfatebiaeth Rufeinig i wyliau&#8217;r meirw Groegaidd.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Etrwsgaidd:<\/strong> Aita (Hades) a&#8217;i briod Phersipnai (Persephone), a ddarlunnwyd yn aml ar arch-gerrig a phaentiadau wal Etrwsgaidd. Dylanwadodd y syniad Etrwsgaidd o&#8217;r isfyd ar y Rhufeiniaid ac mae&#8217;n dal i ymddangos mewn gweithiau celf Groegaidd-Rufeinig diweddarach.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Mesopotamaidd:<\/strong> Ereshkigal fel arglwyddes yr isfyd (Kur, Irkalla), yn fenywaidd ond yn debyg o ran swyddogaeth. Mae ei phriod Nergal yn cyfateb yn fwy uniongyrchol i agwedd Hades mewn rhai ffyrdd. Mae gan <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys ailddigwyddol mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">thema<\/span> Disgyniad Inanna gyfochreddau strwythurol \u00e2 hanes Persephone.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Eifftaidd:<\/strong> Rhennir y swyddogaeth rhwng Osiris (rheolwr teyrnas y meirw fel barnwr cyfiawn), Anubis (arweinydd eneidiau) a Hor-em-aha-bait (gwarcheidwad y meirw). Cyfunodd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trawsnewid rhwng yr hen fyd a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua'r 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hen Ddiwedd<\/span> Groegaidd-Rufeinig Osiris a Hades yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfuniad o gysyniadau neu dduwiau o wahanol draddodiadau crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">syncretiaeth<\/span> Sarapis.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Hind\u0175aidd:<\/strong> Yamaraja fel rheolwr teyrnas y meirw (Yamaloka), y marwol cyntaf i ganfod y ffordd i&#8217;r bywyd tu hwnt. Mae Yamaraja yn rhannu \u00e2 Hades swyddogaeth y barnwr cyfiawn, anwrthbrofadwy; yn wahanol i Hades, fodd bynnag, nid yw&#8217;n aros yn barhaol yn deyrnas y meirw ond yn ei hymweld yn rheolaidd.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Germanaidd:<\/strong> Hel fel merch Loki, arglwyddes teyrnas y meirw o&#8217;r un enw, Helheim. Yn debyg i Hades o ran swyddogaeth, ond gydag acen foesol wahanol: roedd Helheim yn lle i&#8217;r rhai a fu farw heb farw mewn brwydr, felly nid o reidrwydd lle o gosb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdb03aa0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdb03aa0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9451301 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp9451301\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Herwgipiad Persephone a tharddiad y tymhorau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1ce65fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1ce65fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0f6c996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp0f6c996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> mwyaf adnabyddus am Hades yw herwgipiad Persephone, a adroddir yn fanwl yn Hymn Homerig i Demeter. Mae Hades, arglwydd yr isfyd, yn chwenychu Persephone, merch Demeter a Zeus.<\/p><p>Gyda chydsyniad tawel Zeus, mae&#8217;r ddaear yn agor tra bod y ferch yn pigo blodau, a mae Hades yn ei herwgipio i&#8217;r dyfnder ar ei gerbyd. Mae Demeter, duwies y grawn, yn chwilio&#8217;n daer am ei merch ac, mewn galar, yn atal tyfiant ar y ddaear, gan fygwth newyn.<\/p><p>Mae Zeus yn gorfod ymyrryd ac yn anfon Hermes i ddod \u00e2 Persephone yn \u00f4l. Ond cyn iddi ymadael, mae Hades yn ei chael i fwyta hadau grawnafal. Mae unrhyw un a fu&#8217;n bwyta bwyd yn yr isfyd yn parhau&#8217;n rhwym iddi.<\/p><p>Felly, cytunir ar gyfaddawd: mae Persephone yn treulio rhan o&#8217;r flwyddyn gyda&#8217;i phriod yn yr isfyd a rhan gyda&#8217;i mam. Yn ystod y gwahaniad, nid yw Demeter yn gadael i ddim dyfu; wrth ddychweliad ei merch, mae&#8217;r ddaear yn blodeuo eto.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> yn enghraifft glasurol o fyth aetiolegol, naratif sy&#8217;n esbonio trefn bresennol, yn yr achos hwn gyfnewid rhwng cyfnod tyfu ac amser anghynhyrchiol. Mae&#8217;r myth hwn hefyd yn fyth sylfaenol Dirgeledigaethau Eleusis, y cwlt dirgel Groegaidd mwyaf pwysig.<\/p><p>O safbwynt astudiaethau crefydd, mae&#8217;n nodedig nad drwgweithredwr tywyll yw Hades yn y naratif hwn, ond yn gweithredu fel priodfab cyfreithlon sy&#8217;n cynnal ei ran yn y drefn. Nid drygioni sydd yn wraidd caledwch y digwyddiad, ond yr anochelrwydd o&#8217;r hyn a gynrychiola.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc0f7b41 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc0f7b41\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9ff036 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf9ff036\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Daearyddiaeth yr isfyd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c02935 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c02935\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp15dd9ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp15dd9ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd gan deyrnas Hades yn y dychymyg Groegaidd ddaearyddiaeth ryfeddol o benodol, a ddaeth yn fwyfwy manwl dros y canrifoedd. Mae&#8217;r meirw yn cyrraedd yno drwy groesi un neu fwy o afonydd.<\/p><p>Yr afon fwyaf adnabyddus yw&#8217;r <em>Styx<\/em>, lle y mae&#8217;r duwiau hyd yn oed yn tyngu eu llwon anwrthdroadwy; hefyd sonnir am <em>Acheron<\/em>, <em>Cocytus<\/em>, afon y galar, <em>Pyriflegethon<\/em>, afon d\u00e2n, a <em>Lethe<\/em>, afon anghofrwydd. Mae&#8217;r cychwr Charon yn cludo&#8217;r meirw ar draws am obolos, darn arian a roddwyd i&#8217;r ymadawedig.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r fynedfa yn cael ei gwarchod gan y ci amlben Kerberos, nad yw&#8217;n gadael i&#8217;r byw fynd i mewn nac i&#8217;r meirw ddod allan. Y tu mewn mae gwahanol ranbarthau. Y Gaeaf Asfodel yw cartref y meirw cyffredin, arswydus.<\/p><p><em>Tartaros<\/em> yw&#8217;r dyfnder eithaf, lle cosb i&#8217;r troseddwyr mawr fel Tantalos, Sisyphos a Tityos. Mae <em>Meysydd Elysiaidd<\/em> neu Ynysoedd y Rhai Bendigedig, ar y llaw arall, yn lle o dynged dda ar gyfer y ffodus arbennig; mae&#8217;r syniad hwn yn cael ei ddatblygu&#8217;n arbennig mewn ffynonellau diweddarach.<\/p><p>Mae barnwyr yn gwylio dros dynged y meirw, a elwir yn amlaf Minos, Rhadamanthys ac Aiakos. Nid oedd y ddaearyddiaeth \u00f4l-fywyd fanwl hon yn bodoli o&#8217;r cychwyn. I Homer, mae&#8217;r isfyd yn dal i fod yn lle unffurf, digalon, lle bo&#8217;r meirw i gyd yn bodoli fel cysgodion di-nerth.<\/p><p>Dim ond gyda syniadau Orffig, Pythagorasol ac athronyddol, a welir er enghraifft yn Pindar a Platon, y daw&#8217;r syniad o wobr a chosb ar \u00f4l marwolaeth. Mae ymchwilwyr yn dehongli&#8217;r datblygiad hwn fel drych o syniadau newidiol am gyfiawnder a chyfrifoldeb unigol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdf5a9d0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpdf5a9d0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb6d7d01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb6d7d01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yr enw nad yw'n cael ei ddweud: ewffemisiaid a chwlt<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp004bd9e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp004bd9e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpca45407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpca45407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Hades yn dal safle rhyfedd yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y duwiau mewn crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> Groegaidd. Mae&#8217;n dduw Olympaidd, un o&#8217;r tri mab i Cronos a rannodd y byd rhyngddynt ar \u00f4l gorchfygu&#8217;r Titaniaid: Zews yn cael y nefoedd, Poseidon y m\u00f4r, a Hades y byd tanddaear.<\/p><p>Er hynny, nid oedd yn cael ei addoli fel y duwiau Olympaidd eraill. Roedd y Groegiaid yn osgoi dweud ei enw&#8217;n uniongyrchol, gan gredu y gallai hyd yn oed ei enwi ddwyn anlwc.<\/p><p>Yn ei le, defnyddiwyd enwau cuddiedig. Y mwyaf cyffredin oedd <em>Plouton<\/em>, y Cyfoethog, gan gyfeirio at y cyfoeth o dan y ddaear, y grawn a dyf ohoni, a&#8217;r mwynau ynddi.<\/p><p>O&#8217;r llysenw hwn y daeth yr enw Lladin <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/pluto\/\">Pluto<\/a>. Ymhlith y disgrifiadau eraill oedd <em>Klymenos<\/em>, y Nodedig, neu <em>Eubouleus<\/em>, y Cynghorwr Da. C\u00e2i enw Hades ei hun ei ddehongli&#8217;n aml yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">henfyd<\/span> fel yr Anweledig, sef tarddiad ieithyddol nad yw&#8217;n sicr yn ysgolheigaidd, ond sydd yn cyfleu naws y duw&#8217;n dda.<\/p><p>Yn wahanol i&#8217;w frodyr, ni fu gan y duw hwn, i raddau helaeth, ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a gysegrwyd i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> na gwyliau cyhoeddus ei hun. Lle c\u00e2i ei addoli, digwyddai hynny&#8217;n aml o dan yr enw Plouton, yn gyffredin ynghyd \u00e2 Persephone a Demeter, er enghraifft yn Eleusis.<\/p><p>Roedd yr aberthau i Hades yn cthonig, hynny yw, wedi&#8217;u cyfeirio at y ddaear. Aberthid anifeiliaid du, tywalltid y gwaed i bwll, a throid yr wyneb i ffwrdd. Yn \u00f4l astudiaethau crefydd, dengys hyn nad oedd Hades yn dduw i erfyn arno mewn gweddi. Yn hytrach, roedd yn bersonoliad o barth y syrthiai pob bod byw iddo&#8217;n anochel, a cheisid ei gadw hyd braich trwy osgoi ei enwi ac trwy ofal defodol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5f7637 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd5f7637\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpee85b9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpee85b9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pwy a gerddodd i Hades: Orpheus, Herakles, a'r rhai a groesodd y ffin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf488011 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf488011\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpdba04dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpdba04dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ystyrid teyrnas Hades yn bendant, ond mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau, a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">myth<\/span> yn adnabod cymeriadau prin a aeth i mewn iddi&#8217;n fyw ac a ddaeth allan drachefn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r teithiau ffiniol hyn, y <em>Catabasis<\/em>, y disgyniad, yn perthyn i&#8217;r naratifau mwyaf trawiadol yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a naratifau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> Groeg. Maent yn dangos y byd tanddaear o&#8217;r tu mewn, nid o&#8217;r tu allan, ac maent yn archwilio beth sy&#8217;n bosibl, a beth nad yw, hyd yn oed yn wyneb marwolaeth.<\/p><p>Mae Orpheus, y cantor, yn disgyn i adfer ei wraig ymadawedig, Eurydice. Mae ei g\u00e2n yn cyffwrdd rheolwyr y byd tanddaear, ac maent yn caniat\u00e1u iddi ddychwelyd ar un amod: ni all Orpheus edrych yn \u00f4l ar Eurydice ar y ffordd i fyny. Yn ymyl y fynedfa, mae&#8217;n edrych yn \u00f4l, ac mae hi&#8217;n ei cholli am byth.<\/p><p>Mae Herakles, ar y llaw arall, yn llwyddo yn ei dasg: fel ei orchwyl olaf, rhaid iddo ddwyn y ci gwarcheidiol Kerberos i fyny, ac mae&#8217;n cyflawni hyn \u00e2 chaniat\u00e2d Hades a thrwy nerth corfforol yn unig. Mae Theseus a Peirithoos hefyd yn disgyn, i geisio dwyn Persephone, ond maent yn methu ac yn cael eu dal yn gaeth; caiff Theseus ei ryddhau&#8217;n ddiweddarach gan Herakles.<\/p><p>Yn yr <em>Odyssey<\/em>, mae Odysseus yn teithio i ymyl y byd tanddaear i ymgynghori \u00e2&#8217;r gweledydd Teiresias, ac yno mae&#8217;n siarad \u00e2 chysgodion y meirw. Mae&#8217;r naratifau hyn yn ddadlennol yn wyddonol, gan iddynt archwilio&#8217;r byd \u00f4l-farwolaeth mewn ffurf lenyddol.<\/p><p>Maent i gyd yn tanlinellu anhepgorolrwydd marwolaeth: hyd yn oed yr arwyr mwyaf a&#8217;r cantor mwyaf gallant groesi&#8217;r ffin yn achlysurol yn unig, o dan amodau, ac yn anghyflawn fel arfer. Ymddengys Hades felly fel gwarcheidwad trefn a barchir hyd yn oed gan y duwiau, ac nid fel teyrn mympwyol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/persephone\/\">Persephone, priod<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/demeter\/\">Demeter, mam yng nghyfraith, gwrthwynebydd yn myth Persephone<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/charon\/\">Charon, ffer\u00efwr ei deyrnas<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/hecate\/\">Hecate, cydymaith yn myth Persephone<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\">Gwlad Groeg, trosolwg pantheon<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-marwolaeth\/\">Duwiau&#8217;r meirw, is-gategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, trosolwg dosbarthiadau<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane: <em>&#8220;Reading&#8221; Greek Death<\/em>. Oxford 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Garland, Robert: <em>The Greek Way of Death<\/em>. London 1985.<\/span><\/li><li>Pausanias: <em>Beschreibung Griechenlands<\/em>.<\/li><li>Vergil: <em>Aeneis<\/em>, Buch VI.<\/li><li>Walde, Christine (Hg.): <em>Der Neue Pauly<\/em> (Lemma &bdquo;Hades&ldquo;).<\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Ceir gweithiau safonol pellach yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23c2b98 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"23c2b98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-031b526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"031b526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cwestiynau Cyffredin am Hades<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Pwy oedd Hades yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a etifeddwyd gan ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Roegaidd?<\/h3><p>Hades (a elwir hefyd A\u00efdes, yr Anweledig) yw mab hynaf Cronos a Rhea, ac un o&#8217;r tri brawd mawr yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">pantheon<\/span> Olympaidd. Ar \u00f4l y fuddugoliaeth dros y Titaniaid, rhannodd Zeus, Poseidon a Hades y deyrnas rhyngddynt: cafodd Zeus y nen, Poseidon y m\u00f4r, a Hades y byd tanddaearol.<\/p><p>Hades yw rheolwr teyrnas y meirw; duw&#8217;r farwolaeth ei hun yw Thanatos. Mae&#8217;n llym ond teg. Yn wahanol i uffern Gristnogol ddiweddarach, nid yw ei deyrnas yn le cosb, ond yn dynged gyffredinol i bob un a fu&#8217;n farw.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Beth yw&#8217;r gwahaniaeth rhwng Hades, Tartaros ac Elysium?<\/h3><p>Yn y darlun Helenistig o&#8217;r byd tanddaearol ceir tri phrif ranbarth: Hades (Erebos) yw teyrnas niwtral y meirw cyffredin. Tartaros yw&#8217;r dyfnder eithaf, lle cosb i droseddwyr difrifol iawn (Sisyphos, Tantalos, Ixion) a charchar i&#8217;r Titaniaid gorchfygedig.<\/p><p>Elysium (Meysydd Elysaidd) yw cartref yr arwyr a&#8217;r rhinweddol. Mae Lethe (Afon Anghofio) yn gorwedd ar y fynedfa; pwy bynnag sy&#8217;n yfed ohoni, mae&#8217;n anghofio ei fywyd blaenorol. Charon yw&#8217;r cychwr dros y Styx (Afon Casineb).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Pwy oedd Hades yn y fytholeg Roegaidd?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Hades (a elwir hefyd A\u00efdes, yr Anweledig) yw mab hynaf Cronos a Rhea, ac un o'r tri brawd mawr yn y pantheon Olympaidd. Ar \u00f4l y fuddugoliaeth dros y Titaniaid, rhannodd Zeus, Poseidon a Hades y deyrnas rhyngddynt: cafodd Zeus y nen, Poseidon y m\u00f4r, a Hades y byd tanddaearol.Hades yw rheolwr teyrnas y meirw; duw'r farwolaeth ei hun yw Thanatos. Mae'n llym ond teg. Yn wahanol i uffern Gristnogol ddiweddarach, nid yw ei deyrnas yn le cosb, ond yn dynged gyffredinol i bob un a fu'n farw.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Beth yw'r gwahaniaeth rhwng Hades, Tartaros ac Elysium?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yn y darlun Helenistig o'r byd tanddaearol ceir tri phrif ranbarth: Hades (Erebos) yw teyrnas niwtral y meirw cyffredin. Tartaros yw'r dyfnder eithaf, lle cosb i droseddwyr difrifol iawn (Sisyphos, Tantalos, Ixion) a charchar i'r Titaniaid gorchfygedig.Elysium (Meysydd Elysaidd) yw cartref yr arwyr a'r rhinweddol. Mae Lethe (Afon Anghofio) yn gorwedd ar y fynedfa; pwy bynnag sy'n yfed ohoni, mae'n anghofio ei fywyd blaenorol. Charon yw'r cychwr dros y Styx (Afon Casineb).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1724,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Hades","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Hades \u2013 Rheolwr y Byd Tanddaearol, duw'r meirw yng Ngwlad Groeg","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Hades, rheolwr y byd tanddaearol a duw'r meirw yng Ngwlad Groeg. Helm cuddliw, Cerberus, Dirgeleddau Eleusis a'i gymar Rufeinig Pluton.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"griechenland","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191271","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hades \u2013 Rheolwr y Byd Tanddaearol, duw&#039;r meirw yng Ngwlad Groeg<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hades, rheolwr y byd tanddaearol a duw&#039;r meirw yng Ngwlad Groeg. 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