{"id":191268,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191268"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"odin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/odin\/","title":{"rendered":"Odin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191268\" class=\"elementor elementor-191268 elementor-1876 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odin, duw'r traddodiad Germanaidd<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Duw uchaf pantheon Germanaidd, y Tad Cyffredinol, rheolwr ecstasi, barddoniaeth a doethineb. Mae Odin yn ganolog i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a draddodwyd mewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Germanaidd y Gogledd fel prif gyfarwyddwr y duwiau a&#8217;r ddynolryw.<\/p><p>Yn wahanol i&#8217;r rhan fwyaf o brif dduwiau Indo-Ewropeaidd, nid duw tywydd nac arweinydd rhyfel yn bennaf yw Odin, ond <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arbenigwr crefyddol y priodolir iddo'r gallu i gyfryngu rhwng pobl a byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span>, dewin a bardd-sgald, sydd wedi ennill ei wybodaeth ar bob cost ac nid yn trefnu&#8217;r byd ond yn ei drwytho.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Grym uchaf personol mewn pantheon diwylliant, \u00e2 chyfrifoldebau clir, grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwltiau, offrymau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/germanaidd\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Byd duwiau ac ysbrydion cyn-Gristnogol Gogledd a Chanolbarth Ewrop.\">Germanaidd<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-uchel\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Prif dduwiau pantheon, sofraniaeth gosmig, agwedd creawdwr neu reolwr.\">Prif Dduwdod<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_odin-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193534\" alt=\"Odin - Duwiau o&apos;r traddodiad Germanaidd, darluniad hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_odin-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_odin-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_odin-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_germanisch_odin.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar gip: Odin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Prif dduwdod, duw ecstasi, doethineb a barddoniaeth<br><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Pantheon<\/span>: Germanaidd (Asgard)<br>Swyddogaeth: Ceidwad ecstasi a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio ymyrryd yn rhediad pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>, tad gallu rhyfel a chelfyddyd y sgaldiaid, Psychopompos (agwedd duw&#8217;r meirw)<br>Priodoleddau pennaf: Y waywffon Gungnir, y cigfrain Hugin a Munin, y bleiddiaid Geri a Freki, y ceffyl Sleipnir<br>Prif fannau&#8217;r cwlt: Uppsala (Sweden), Lejre (Denmarc)<br>Cymar Rhufeinig: Mercurius (Interpretatio Romana, Tacitus)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> am Odin yn ymestyn o&#8217;r traddodiad llafar cyn-Gristnogol sydd bron yn gyfan gwbl ar goll, drwy gasgliadau&#8217;r Edda o&#8217;r 13eg ganrif, Edda Rhyddiaith <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysgolhaig Islandaidd (1179\u20131241); awdur yr Edda Rhyddiaith a'r Heimskringla.\">Snorri Sturluson<\/span> a&#8217;r Edda Farddonol (8fed i&#8217;r 13eg ganrif), hyd at sylwadau awduron Rhufeinig a rhai diweddarach o&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol.<\/p><p>Mae testunau&#8217;r Edda yn gofnodion a luniwyd gan ysgrifenwyr yn seiliedig ar farddoniaeth sgaldaidd h\u0177n a drosglwyddwyd ar lafar. Nid oes <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> ysgrifenedig di-dor fel yn achos Zeus; yn hytrach mae gennym ffynonellau tameidiog: Germania Tacitus (tua 98 OC), darnau o farddoniaeth sgaldaidd, Saxo Grammaticus (12fed ganrif), a chasgliadau&#8217;r Edda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Addolwyd ar draws yr ardal Germanaidd-Nordig gyfan: Sgandinafia (Norwy, Sweden, Denmarc), ynysoedd Denmarc a Norwy, Lloegr Eingl-Sacsonaidd (lle mae Woden yn nawddsant enw Wednesday) a rhannau Germanaidd deheuol (Hen Uchel Almaeneg Wodan\/Wuodan). Mae ehangder yr ardal ledaeniad yn amlwg yn amrywiaeth yr enwau llwythol ag etymoleg Woden ac yn enwau&#8217;r wythnos a&#8217;r mis (dydd Woden\/dydd Mercher, Hen Norseg Odinnstag).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Craidd y deunydd yw casgliadau&#8217;r Edda: y Ganu-Edda (Voluspa, Havamal, Vafthrudnismal) a Prosa-Edda Snorri Sturluson (Gylfaginning, Skalddskaparmal). Ychwanegir at hyn ddarnau sgaldaidd gan awduron diweddarach, cyfeiriad byr Tacitus at Mercurius gyda&#8217;i gymharu \u00e2 Woden, Gesta Danorum Saxo Grammaticus, ffynonellau eilaidd, yn ogystal \u00e2 darganfyddiadau archeolegol (corsydd offrwm, arysgrifau, rhoddion defosiynol).<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r gronoleg yn broblemus: daw cofnodion yr Edda o&#8217;r 13eg ganrif ond disgrifiant draddodiadau o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod cynhanesyddol ar \u00f4l yr Oes Efydd, wedi'i nodweddu gan brosesu haearn.\" tabindex=\"0\">Oes Haearn<\/span> cyn-Gristnogol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hen Norseg:<\/strong> \u00d3\u00f0inn (enwol), Genidol \u00d3\u00f0ins, etymoleg dan ddadl, gwreiddiau posibl: proto-Germanaidd *Wo\u00f0anaz (\u201eyr un gwyllt\/ecstatig&#8221;, o *wod- \u201eecstasi, gorffwylledd, c\u00e2n&#8221;) neu gysylltiad \u00e2&#8217;r Hen Norseg <em>\u00f3\u00f0r<\/em> (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endid heb gorff y priodolir iddo effaith yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span>, barddoniaeth, ecstasi). Hen Uchel Almaeneg: Wodan, Wuodan, Wuotan, Wuothan. Hen Sacsoneg: Wuodan. Hen Saesneg: Woden, Wodan, nawddsant dydd Mercher (Wednesday = \u201eDiwrnod Woden&#8221;, yn debyg i Mardi\/Mercredi yn yr ieithoedd Rom\u00e1wns o Mercurius Rhufeinig).<\/p><p>Iseldireg Isel\/Plattdeutsch: Wodan, Odin. Cymar Rhufeinig: Mercurius (interpretatio romana yn \u00f4l Tacitus, er gwaethaw&#8217;r cysylltiad diwylliannol estron). Mae enw dydd Mercher yn cyfeirio at y cyfatebiaeth Rufeinig (Wodan = Mercurius), nid yn uniongyrchol at swyddogaethau Mercurius. Llysenwau a theitlau: Y Tad Cyffredinol, Arglwydd y Sgaldiaid, Odin y Waywffon, Duw&#8217;r Grog (H\u00e6ngir, oherwydd ei aberth ei hun ar Yggdrasil), Y Digannwyll, Duw&#8217;r Cigfrain (Hrafn-Odin), Y Crwydryn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae Odin (Odin) yn cael ei ddarlunio yn y llenyddiaeth a&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a chwedlau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> darluniadol fel hen \u0175r un-lygad \u00e2 barf hir. Mae&#8217;n gwisgo mantell lydan las neu lwyd a het lydan-cantel (Huengljaef neu Huengljaefr) sy&#8217;n cuddio&#8217;n rhannol ei lygad coll a&#8217;i wyneb.<\/p><p>Byddai&#8217;n marchogaeth ar y ceffyl wyth-coes Sleipnir (Hen Norseg <em>sleipnir<\/em> \u201eyr un llithrig&#8221;), sy&#8217;n gyflymach nag unrhyw greadur arall ac yn gallu carlamu rhwng y bydoedd.<\/p><p>Wrth ei ochr byddai&#8217;n cario&#8217;r waywffon Gungnir (Hen Norseg <em>gungnir<\/em> \u201ey crynwr&#8221;), nad yw byth yn methu ei nod. Mae dau fr\u00e2n, Hugin a Munin (Hen Norseg <em>huginn<\/em> \u201emeddwl&#8221; a <em>muninn<\/em> \u201ecof&#8221;), yn eistedd ar ei ysgwyddau ac yn hedfan bob dydd dros y Naw Byd i adrodd wrtho am bopeth.<\/p><p>Mae dau flaidd, Geri a Freki (Hen Norseg <em>geri<\/em> \u201ey glwth&#8221; a <em>freki<\/em> \u201eyr eiddgar&#8221;), yn ei gyd-deithio. Nid yw Odin ei hun yn bwyta&#8217;n aml, ond yn byw ar win yn unig (natur Aesir).<\/p><p><strong>Natur a Gweithredoedd<\/strong><\/p><p>Odin yw&#8217;r treiddiwr a&#8217;r newidiwr o&#8217;r byd, nid ei greawdwr. Mae&#8217;n dduw&#8217;r ecstasi, y gwallgofrwydd rhyfelgar (<em>berserkergang<\/em>), y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Cyflwr ymwybyddiaeth newidiedig gyda sylw cyfyngedig; a achosir yn fwriadol mewn arferion shamanaidd a chyfryngol.\">llesmair<\/span> shamanaidd a barddoniaeth y skaldiaid.<\/p><p>Ei nodwedd bennaf yw&#8217;r hunanaberth: fe grogodd ei hun am naw noson ar Bren y Byd, Yggdrasil, wedi&#8217;i drywanu \u00e2 gwaywffon, i ennill y rhwnau, y system ysgrifennu a hud hynafol.<\/p><p>Aberthodd ei lygad dde yn ffynnon Mimir i gael blas ar ei doethineb.<\/p><p>Mae ei faes grym yn cwmpasu barddoniaeth, rhyfel (fel gwallgofrwydd ecstatig y frwydr yn hytrach na llywodraethu trefnus fel Zeus), marwolaeth a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>. Yn wahanol i Thor (duw&#8217;r mellt, duw trefn y ffermwyr) neu Tyr (duw cyfraith a llwon), mae Odin yn cynrychioli&#8217;r trosgynnol: yr uwchnaturiol, y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arbenigwr crefyddol y priodolir iddo'r cyfryngu rhwng pobl a byd yr ysbrydion.\" tabindex=\"0\">shaman<\/span>, yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Odin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y prif nodweddion o Odin (Odin) mewn golwg. Mae&#8217;r tabl yn crynhoi tarddiad, swyddogaeth, ymddangosiad, addoliad, symbolau a chymharoldebau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mab i&#8217;r cawr Bor a&#8217;r gawres Bestla. Brawd i Vili a Ve. Ar \u00f4l creu&#8217;r byd o gorff y cawr cyntefig Ymir, sefydlodd gyda&#8217;i frodyr deyrnas Asgard, sefydlodd drefn y Naw Byd, a phenderfynodd dynged a threfn pethau.<\/p><p>Mae ei dras yn hybrid: duw a chawr ar unwaith, sy&#8217;n tanlinellu ei natur fel ffigwr trosgynnol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth Odin<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Arglwydd yr ecstasi, barddoniaeth a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>. Duw rhyfel yn ei ffurf ecstatig, nid ei ffurf drefnus. Tywysydd eneidiau a llywodraethwr y frwydr a&#8217;r meirw, y mae&#8217;n eu casglu i Valhalla. Hendaid y skaldiaid a meistr y rhwnau. Yn wahanol i dduwiau uchel eraill, mae&#8217;n newidiwr a throsgynnwr yn bennaf yn hytrach na threfnwr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffurf<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hen \u0175r un-lygad \u00e2 barf hir, mantell las neu lwyd lydan, het lydan-cantel. Yn marchogaeth Sleipnir (ceffyl wyth-coes). Yn cario Gungnir (gwaywffon hud). Hugin a Munin (brain y meddwl a&#8217;r cof) ar ei ysgwyddau. Dau flaidd, Geri a Freki, yn gyd-deithwyr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Addoliad Odin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif fannau&#8217;r cwlt: Uppsala (Sweden, o dan Freyr a Freyja), Lejre (Denmarc, sedd llinachau brenhinol Denmarc). Cafodd Odin ei addoli&#8217;n bennaf gan ryfelwyr, skaldiaid ac artistiaid, yn llai gan ffermwyr a chrefftwyr (a addolai Thor yn amlaf).<\/p><p>Byddai llwon, yn arbennig llwon rhyfel a llwon skaldiaid, yn cael eu tyngu yn enw Odin. Roedd aberthau dynol (crogi) yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliadol crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> Odin, a chrogwyd carcharorion yn aberth i ennill <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfarch bendith a diogelwch, yn aml ar ffurf ieithyddol sefydlog.\" tabindex=\"0\">bendith<\/span> Odin. Mae&#8217;r hyn a elwir yn gorsydd aberthol (er enghraifft yn Denmarc a gogledd Almaen) yn dal olion o arferion o&#8217;r fath.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Symbolau Odin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y waywffon Gungnir (nad yw byth yn methu ei nod), y brain Hugin a Munin (meddwl a cof), y bleiddiau Geri a Freki, y ceffyl wyth-coes Sleipnir, rhwnau (yn arbennig Wunjo, Ansuz, Dagaz), y grocbren (o achos yr hunanaberth), y llygad (o achos yr aberth yn ffynnon Mimir).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mercurius (Rhufain, Interpretatio Romana), Veles (Slafaidd, dewin a thywysydd eneidiau), Hermes (Groeg, tywysydd eneidiau a dewin, yn swyddogaethol), Tyr (Germanig, duw uchel gwreiddiol, a ddisodlwyd yn ddiweddarach gan Odin), Loki (Germanig, trosgynnol, dewin, ond gwrthwynebus), duwiau uchel shamanaidd yn niwylliannau Finno-Ugraidd a Siberia.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad \u00e2 ffigyrau Rhufeinig a Slafaidd yn tanlinellu bod Odin yn ffurf Norsegol gyffredinol, yn ei hanfod, o ffigwr trosgynnol Indo-Ewropeaidd, yn hytrach nag o&#8217;r model trefnus (Zeus, Iuppiter, Dyaus Pita, Perun).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Addoliad yn Bywyd Bob Dydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd Odin yn dduw i&#8217;r boblogaeth gyffredin nac i heddwch teuluol, ond yn dduw i ryfelwyr, sgaldiau a dewiniaid. Yn y bywyd bob dydd, mynegwyd ei addoliad yn llai trwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, deisyfiad neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberth<\/span> teuluol nag mewn fformwl\u00e2u llw wrth lwon rhyfel ac anrhydedd, mewn galwadau sgaldaidd cyn barddoniaeth, ac mewn arferion o ysgogi meddwdod ecstatig (boed yn rhyfelgar neu ddefodol).<\/p><p>I ryfelwyr, yn enwedig arweinwyr a rhyfelwyr elitaidd (berserkiaid), roedd Odin yn nawddsant. Lledaenodd y <em>berserkergang<\/em>, meddwdod rhyfelgar ecstatig lle mae&#8217;r rhyfelwr yn goresgyn pob ofn poen a marwolaeth.<\/p><p>Roedd ei addoliad felly&#8217;n ymarferol ac yn beryglus: yn drosgynnol ac yn rymuso, yn wahanol i&#8217;r math cysurlon o gwlt t\u0177 o gwmpas Hestia\/Vesta. Ar gyfer penderfyniadau pwysig, yn enwedig cyn rhyfeloedd, cyn mordeithiau, neu cyn ymgymeriadau hudol, roedd rhoi offrymau i Odin yn gyffredin, yn aml ynghyd \u00e2 Thor (amddiffyniad) neu Tyr (gwarcheidwad llwon).<\/p><p>Roedd artistiaid a sgaldiau hefyd, hynny yw, beirdd a cherddorion o statws uchel, yn addoli Odin fel eu noddwr. Roedd llw&#8217;r sgald yn ffurf o addoliad Odin: tyngai&#8217;r sgald i ddefnyddio medd barddoniaeth (a ddwynodd Odin ei hun o gadwrfa&#8217;r cawr) er mwyn datgelu&#8217;r gwirionedd trwy gelfyddyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odin, cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Traddodiad Rhufeinig<\/strong><\/p><p>Mercurius, yn llai o ganlyniad i debygrwydd swyddogaethol (mae Hermes\/Mercurius yn bennaf yn dduwiau negeswyr) na o arferiad Rhufeinig yr <em>interpretatio romana<\/em>, mae Tacitus yn cyfateb Wodan \u00e2 Mercurius, yn debygol oherwydd y r\u00f4l gyffredin fel duw teithio ac oherwydd y weithred ieithyddol (Mercurius = duw masnach ac ymadrodd, Odin = duw sgaldiau a rhwynau).<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cyfatebiaeth hon yn arwynebol yn ddiwylliannol ac yn dangos yn llai o berthynas swyddogaethol wirioneddol nag o g\u00eam wyddbwyll y ffermwyr syncretaidd Rhufeinig.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Fedaidd a Hind\u0175aidd:<\/strong> Nid oes cyfochrog uniongyrchol yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm duwiau crefydd neu ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">panth\u00ebon<\/span> fedaidd. Fodd bynnag, mae&#8217;r syniad o dduwdod uchel a enillodd ddoethineb trwy hunanaberth yn atgof o them\u00e2u shamanaidd mewn crefyddau Indo-Ewropeaidd. Mae cyfochrogion swyddogaethol posibl \u00e2 Rudra\/Shiva (duw trosgynnol, dewinydd, ecstatig) yn ddyfaliadau.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiad Slafonig<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae Veles (Volos), duw <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio ymyrryd yn nhrefn digwyddiadau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>, y byd tanddaearol, y gwartheg a llewyrch, yn rhannu \u00e2 Odin y natur drosgynnol a&#8217;r swyddogaeth seicopomp. Mae&#8217;r ddau yn dduwiau dewiniaid, nid trefnwyr. Fodd bynnag, mae Veles yn gysylltiedig yn bennaf \u00e2&#8217;r byd tanddaearol a&#8217;r meirw, tra bod Odin yn gysylltiedig ag ecstasi a barddoniaeth.<\/p><p><strong>Cyfochrogion Germanaidd:<\/strong> Tyr (Tiu, Ziu), duw uchel Indo-Ewropeaidd yn wreiddiol (yn perthyn i Zeus, Iuppiter, Dyaus Pita trwy&#8217;r gwreiddyn *dyeus).<\/p><p>Yn ystod hanes Germanaidd cynnar, &#8220;disodlwyd&#8221; neu &#8220;amnewidiwyd&#8221; Tyr gan Odin fel duw uchel, ond cadwodd swyddogaethau duw llwon a gwarcheidwad y gyfraith. Mae&#8217;r disodli hwn yn arwyddocaol yn hanes diwylliannol ac yn dangos sut mae newid gwerthoedd cymdeithas yn cael ei fynegi yn ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod a addolir fel dwyfol o fewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">dduwdod<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x7-das-m e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x7-das-m\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xh7-das- elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"xh7-das-\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y thema o hunanaberth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xc7-das- e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"xc7-das-\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bw-xt7-das--ef9d65c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bw-xt7-das--ef9d65c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-xt7-das- elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"xt7-das-\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un o nodweddion arwyddocaol Odin yw ei barodrwydd i aberthu ei hun i ennill doethineb a grym. Yn \u00f4l yr Edda, hongiodd naw noson ar y goeden fyd Yggdrasil, wedi ei drywanu gan ei waywffon ei hun, heb fwyd na diod, hyd nes i&#8217;r rhwynau eu datgelu iddo.<\/p><p>Aberthodd hefyd ei lygad dde i ffynnon y cawr Mimir, er mwyn cael dracht o dd\u0175r y ffynnon a rydd ddoethineb. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">thema<\/span> hon yn gwahaniaethu Odin yn sylfaenol o dduwiau uchel Indo-Ewropeaidd eraill: tra bydd Zeus, Iuppiter neu Perun yn ennill grym trwy fuddugoliaeth neu drefn, mae Odin yn ei ennill trwy ymwadiad a throsgynoldeb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp66d3771 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp66d3771\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1c1b0e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp1c1b0e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ennill y Rhwynau: hunanaberth Odin ar y goeden fyd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp86df3fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp86df3fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp74cd0ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp74cd0ec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Un o&#8217;r episodau mwyaf adnabyddus o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> Odin yw ei hunanaberth i ennill y rhwynau, a gofnodwyd yn benillion 138 i 145 o&#8217;r gerdd eddaidd <em>H\u00e1vam\u00e1l<\/em> (Dywediadau&#8217;r Uchel). Adrodda Odin ei hun yno iddo hongian naw noson ar y goeden wyntog, wedi ei glwyfo gan waywffon, wedi ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Wedi ei drosglwyddo i'r sanctaidd trwy weithred grefyddol, ac felly wedi ei ddyrchafu o'r cyffredin.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegru<\/span> ei hun, wedi ei roi ei hun.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r goeden yn fwyaf tebygol i fod yn onnen fyd <em>Yggdrasil<\/em>, a ellir dehongli ei henw fel march Odin, gyda&#8217;r crocbren yn cael ei ystyried yn farddonol fel ceffyl y crogedig.<\/p><p>Heb fara nac medd i&#8217;w gynnig, edrychodd Odin i lawr, gafaelodd yn y rhwynau gan weiddi, a chwympodd yn \u00f4l. Yn yr un cyd-destun, adrodda sut y derbyniodd naw c\u00e2n hudol nerthol gan ei berthynas famol B\u00f6lthorn, a dracht o&#8217;r medd gwerthfawr.<\/p><p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddoniaeth sy'n ymchwilio i grefyddau'n gymharol a heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">astudiaethau crefyddol<\/span> wedi trafod y darn hwn yn ddwys. Mae rhai ysgolheigion yn gweld ynddo hen ddefod fenter, tebyg i arferion shamanaidd, lle mae&#8217;r ceisiwr yn mynd trwy farwolaeth symbolaidd i ennill gwybodaeth gudd.<\/p><p>Mae eraill yn pwysleisio cymeriad llenyddol y testun ac yn rhybuddio yn erbyn dehongliadau shamanaidd rhy fyrbwyll. Nid oes dadl fod yr episod yn portreadu Odin fel duw gwybodaeth a enillwyd trwy ddioddefaint, sy&#8217;n barod i aberthu ei hun i ennill grym dros iaith, hud, a chysylltiadau cudd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp703b002 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp703b002\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpa7efda7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpa7efda7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Medd Barddoniaeth: Odin fel Lladrones yr Ysbrydoliaeth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp211561c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp211561c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcdafa62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpcdafa62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Snorri Sturluson yn adrodd yr hanes manylaf am darddiad barddoniaeth yn ei <em>Sk\u00e1ldskaparm\u00e1l<\/em>, yr ail ran o&#8217;i <em>Edda<\/em>. Mae&#8217;r hanes yn dechrau gyda&#8217;r bod Kvasir, a ddaeth i fod o boer y Asau a&#8217;r Wanau wedi eu cymodi, ac a allai ateb pob cwestiwn.<\/p><p>Lladdodd dau gorrach Kvasir a chymysgu ei waed \u00e2 m\u00eal i wneud medd a roddai gynghanedd a doethineb i bawb a&#8217;i yfai.<\/p><p>Wedi mynd trwy sawl dwylo, daeth y medd hwn i feddiant y cawr Suttung, a osododd ei ferch Gunnl\u00f6d i&#8217;w wylio ym mynydd Hnitbj\u00f6rg. Aeth Odin ar daith, o dan y ffugenw B\u00f6lverk, i geisio cael y medd.<\/p><p>Tyllodd trwy&#8217;r graig gyda chymorth y ebill Rati, trawsffurfiodd ei hun yn neidr, ymgripiodd drwodd, a threuliodd dair noson gyda Gunnl\u00f6d, a ganiataodd iddo yn gyfnewid dair llwnc. Gydag dair llwnc gwagiodd Odin y tri llestr i gyd, trawsffurfiodd ei hun yn eryr, a ffodd i Asgard, lle chwydodd y medd i lestri.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r hanes hwn hefyd yn egluro pam y gellir cyfeirio at farddoniaeth yn Hen Norseg fel ysbail Odin neu waed Kvasir. Mae ymchwilwyr wedi tynnu sylw at debygrwydd strwythurol \u00e2&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hanes traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau, a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwedl<\/span> Soma Indiaidd, lle mae diod feddwol ddwyfol hithau&#8217;n cael ei dwyn, a lle mae eryr yn dod yn gludydd.<\/p><p>Er bod hi&#8217;n parhau&#8217;n destun dadl a oes yma etifeddiaeth Indo-Ewropeaidd gyffredin, mae&#8217;r cyffelybiaeth yn ddigon trawiadol i gael ei thrafod dro ar \u00f4l tro mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiol a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">fytholeg<\/span> gymharol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc1b803d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpc1b803d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8ba8373 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp8ba8373\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wodan yn y ffynonellau cyfandirol a'r Farf Hir<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4bf60af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4bf60af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f05d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2f05d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Odin yn adnabyddus o ffynonellau Islandaidd yr Oesoedd Canol Uchel, a hefyd o dan yr enw Almaeneg cyfandirol Wodan neu Woden mewn tystiolaeth lawer h\u0177n.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r hanesydd Rhufeinig Tacitus yn crybwyll yn ei <em>Germania<\/em>, tua 98 OC, dduw a addolid uwchlaw pob duw arall gan y Germaniaid, ac y mae&#8217;n ei gymharu \u00e2 Mercurius, cymhariaeth a gymer ymchwilwyr yn gyffredinol i gyfeirio at Wodan.<\/p><p>O&#8217;r 8fed ganrif daw&#8217;r <em>Ail Swyn Merseburg<\/em>, un o&#8217;r nifer bach o destunau paganaidd sydd wedi goroesi yn Hen Almaeneg Uwch, lle mae Wodan yn iach\u00e1u troed clwyfedig ceffyl trwy adrodd swyn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r hanesydd Lombardaidd Paulus Diaconus yn cofnodi&#8217;r hanes am sut y cafodd y Lombardiaid eu henw gan Wodan, pan osododd ei wraig Frea wragedd y llwyth \u00e2&#8217;u gwallt wedi&#8217;i gribo dros eu hwynebau yn y fan lle byddai Wodan yn edrych wrth ddeffro, gan iddo eu cyfarch felly fel y &#8220;farfog hir&#8221;.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r enw ei hun, yn Hen Germaneg tebyg i <em>W\u014ddanaz<\/em>, yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 maes semantig sy&#8217;n cyfeirio at gynddaredd, ffrenio, ac ecstasi; yn Gothig <em>wods<\/em> yn golygu wedi&#8217;i feddiannu. Fformiwlodd Adam o Bremen y 11fed ganrif y sylw enwog <em>Wodan, id est furor<\/em>, &#8220;Wodan, sef cynddaredd&#8221;.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r gwreiddiad ieithyddol hwn yn dangos nad dyfais lenyddol hwyr yw&#8217;r elfen ecstatig, gynddeiriog yn gymeriad Odin, ond ei bod wedi&#8217;i gwreiddio&#8217;n ddwfn yn y syniad am y duw. Mae&#8217;r diwrnod Saesneg Wednesday a&#8217;r Almaeneg Wuotanstag yn cadw&#8217;r enw hyd heddiw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29ccd98 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp29ccd98\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd5e457e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpd5e457e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Odin a'r Helfa Wyllt: parhad yn draddodiad gwerin<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp764bf7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp764bf7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp400c3a4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp400c3a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ar \u00f4l Cristioneiddio, parhaodd Odin i fyw yn ymwybyddiaeth y werin yn hytrach na diflannu&#8217;n llwyr, yn arbennig yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu chwedl.\" tabindex=\"0\">fotiff<\/span> yr Helfa Wyllt. Ar draws rhannau eang o&#8217;r ardal Germanaidd ei hiaith, roedd traddodiad gwerin yn adnabod gorymdaith ysbrydion nosol a redai drwy&#8217;r awyr, yn enwedig yn y tymor tywyll, wedi&#8217;i harwain gan ffigwr demonig.<\/p><p>Yn Sgandinafia a rhannau o Ogledd Almaen, adnabuwyd yr arweinydd hwn mewn rhai lleoedd ag Odin neu enw a darddwyd ohono. Casglodd Jacob Grimm nifer fawr o dystiolaethau o&#8217;r fath yn ei <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiol a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fytholeg<\/span> Almaeneg<\/em> yn y 19fed ganrif, a gweld ynddo barhad y duw storm paganaidd.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil ddiweddarach yn fwy gochelgar: mae&#8217;r Helfa Wyllt yn glwstwr cymhleth o gredoau gwerin, lle daeth ffigyrau gwahanol ynghyd, ac nid oes modd priodoli pob amrywiad rhanbarthol yn uniongyrchol i Odin.<\/p><p>Er hynny, mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu chwedl.\" tabindex=\"0\">fotiff<\/span> yn cydweddu \u00e2 chymeriad Odin. Ef yw duw&#8217;r rhyfelwyr syrthiedig, arweinydd llu o&#8217;r meirw sy&#8217;n rhuthro drwy&#8217;r awyr ar ei geffyl wyth-goes Sleipnir. Mae&#8217;r natur ecstatig, stormus, sydd wedi ei gwreiddio yn yr enw ei hun, yn cael ei ffurf \u00f4l-Gristnogol yn y llu ysbrydion cynddeiriog.<\/p><p>Yn y cyfnod Rhamantaidd, a wedyn yng ngwaith Richard Wagner <em>Ring des Nibelungen<\/em>, daeth Odin, dan yr enw Wotan, yn ffigwr diwylliannol allweddol, a lywiodd ei dderbyniad hyd i lenyddiaeth ffantasi fodern a diwylliant poblogaidd, gan ymadael yn helaeth \u00e2&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a chwedlau dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> hanesyddol wrth wneud hynny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp428d162 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp428d162\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp668f4dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp668f4dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enwau lluosog Odin a'u hystyr<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfd32b6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpfd32b6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1dd3ee1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1dd3ee1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ychydig o dduwiau yn hanes crefyddau&#8217;r byd sydd \u00e2 chynifer o lysenwau ag Oden. Mae&#8217;r gerdd eddaidd <em>Gr\u00edmnism\u00e1l<\/em> a <em>Gylfaginning<\/em> Snorri yn cofnodi dros 150 o enwau gwahanol, ac mae barddoniaeth y sgaldiaid yn adnabod rhagor byth.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r toreth hon o enwau&#8217;n llawer mwy na thrimin barddonol. Mae&#8217;n mynegi cysyniad diwinyddol: mae Oden yn ymgymryd \u00e2 gwahanol ffurfiau a rolau, a phob enw&#8217;n enwi un ochr i&#8217;w natur.<\/p><p>Mae llawer o&#8217;r llysenwau&#8217;n cyfeirio at ei olwg a&#8217;i wisgoedd. Mae <em>H\u00e1rbar\u00f0r<\/em> (Barf Lwyd), <em>S\u00ed\u00f0h\u00f6ttr<\/em> (Het Lydan), <em>Gr\u00edmnir<\/em> (Yr Un Cudd) yn ei ddisgrifio fel duw crwydrol, cudd, sy&#8217;n unllygeidiog gan iddo roi ei lygad am ddiod o Ffynnon Mimir. Mae enwau eraill yn cyfeirio at ei swyddogaethau: <em>Valf\u00f6\u00f0r<\/em> (Tad y Rhai Syrthiedig), <em>Sigf\u00f6\u00f0r<\/em> (Tad Buddugoliaeth), <em>Galdrsf\u00f6\u00f0r<\/em> (Tad y Swynganau).<\/p><p>Mae eraill fyth yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 mythau penodol. <em>B\u00f6lverkr<\/em> (Y Drwgweithredwr) yw&#8217;r ffugenw a ddefnyddiodd yn ysbeilio medd y bardd, a chyfeiria <em>B\u00e1leygr<\/em> (Llygad Fflam) at ei olwg. Mae ysgolheigion yn dehongli&#8217;r amrywiaeth enwau hon fel adlewyrchiad o natur Oden fel duw trawsffurfiad, dyfais a gwybodaeth gudd.<\/p><p>Yn wahanol i dduw \u00e2 maes cyfrifoldeb clir, mae Oden yn anodd ei ddiffinio, ac mae&#8217;r enwau&#8217;n gyfrwng ieithyddol y defnyddiodd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> Hen Norseg i fynegi&#8217;r haenau cymhleth hyn. I gelfyddyd y sgaldiaid, roeddent hefyd yn ffynhonnell ddiddiwedd o gyfnodeiriau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp3ee0c81 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp3ee0c81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp70bd54a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp70bd54a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Oden yn y gwasanaeth: aberthau dynol a chwestiwn olion archeolegol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf07278d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpf07278d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp644e616 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp644e616\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r ffynonellau llenyddol yn cysylltu Oden dro ar \u00f4l tro ag aberthau dynol, yn arbennig trwy grogi a gwanu \u00e2 gwaywffon. Mae&#8217;r dull hwn yn adlewyrchu ei hunan-aberth ei hun ar y goeden; mewn ffordd, mae&#8217;r un a aberthir yn marw farwolaeth y duw.<\/p><p>Yn yr 11eg ganrif, disgrifia Adam o Bremen y \u0175yl aberthu fawr yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddiwyd i addoli un neu fwy o dduwiau.\" tabindex=\"0\">deml<\/span> Uppsala, lle dywedir bod pobl ac anifeiliaid yn cael eu crogi mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Clwstwr coed sanctaidd a ddefnyddiwyd fel lle addoli.\" tabindex=\"0\">llwyn<\/span> cysegredig.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> llenyddol yn adnabod nifer o stor\u00efau lle mae brenhinoedd yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trwy weithred grefyddol, wedi'i drosglwyddo i'r sanctaidd ac felly wedi'i dynnu allan o'r cyffredin.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegru<\/span> Oden ac yn cael eu haberthu trwy grogi neu waywffon, er enghraifft yn <em>Ynglinga saga<\/em> ac yn y sagaau. Mae dibynadwyedd yr adroddiadau hyn wrth gyfleu&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol ar gyfer duw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> gwirioneddol yn destun dadl, gan iddynt ddyddio o&#8217;r cyfnod Cristnogol ac aml yn dilyn amcanion polemig.<\/p><p>Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gwyddoniaeth sy'n ymchwilio i ddiwylliannau'r gorffennol trwy ddarganfyddiadau materol.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeoleg<\/span> yn cynnig darlun mwy cymhleth. Mae cyrff mawn o&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod cynhanesyddol ar \u00f4l yr Oes Efydd, wedi'i nodweddu gan brosesu haearn.\" tabindex=\"0\">Oes Haearn<\/span>, er enghraifft o ogledd Almaen a Denmarc, yn dangos olion crogi neu dagu ac mae rhai wedi&#8217;u dehongli fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduw i fynegi diolch, dymuniad neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberthau<\/span>, ond nid yw&#8217;n bosibl yn fethodolegol i&#8217;w cysylltu&#8217;n bendant \u00e2 duw penodol.<\/p><p>Mae darganfyddiadau o arfau a gwaywffyn mewn mawn a lleoedd aberthu yn cyd-fynd \u00e2 chysylltiad Oden \u00e2&#8217;r waywffon Gungnir a&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arfer traddodiadol a ailadroddir yn rheolaidd mewn cymuned.\" tabindex=\"0\">arfer<\/span> o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwrthrych, lle neu berson i'r sanctaidd trwy weithred grefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegru<\/span> byddin y gelyn i&#8217;r duw trwy daflu gwaywffon.<\/p><p>Ar y cyfan, mae&#8217;r canfyddiadau archeolegol yn cadarnhau bod aberthau dynol ac arfau&#8217;n bodoli yn y byd Germanaidd, heb fod modd pennu&#8217;n union faint oedd cyfran Oden yn hynny.<\/p><p>Mae ysgolheigion yn gweithio yma gyda thebygolrwydd, nid sicrwydd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tyr\/\">Tyr, Germanaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/thor\/\">Thor, Germanaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/freyja\/\">Freyja, Germanaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mercurius-duw-masnach-chenhadon\/\">Mercurius, Rhufain<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/veles\/\">Veles, Slafaidd<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau-uchel\/\">Prif Dduwiau, Isgategori<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/duwiau\/\">Duwiau, Trosolwg Dosbarth<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Sturluson, Snorri: <em>Die Prosa-Edda. Gylfaginning, Skaeldskaparmal, Haettatal<\/em>. \u00dcbers. u. hrsg. v. Felix Niedner. 1923 (Nachdruck, dtsch.).<\/span><\/li><li><em>Die Lieder-Edda<\/em>. Altnordische Heldengedichte. \u00dcbers. u. hrsg. v. Felix Niedner. 1923 (Nachdruck, dtsch.).<\/li><li>Dum\u00e9zil, Georges: <em>Mythe et \u00e9pop\u00e9e<\/em>. Bd. 1, 3. Paris 1968, 1973 (Clasur cymharu Indo-Ewropeaidd).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Simek, Rudolf: <em>Lexikon der germanischen <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau duwiau a drosglwyddwyd o ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mythologie<\/span><\/em>. Stuttgart 1984 (gwaith safonol).<\/span><\/li><li>Tacitus: <em>Germania<\/em>. Pen. 9 (arsylwadau Rhufeinig).<\/li><li>Saxo Grammaticus: <em>Gesta Danorum<\/em>. Llyfr I, IV (cydamseriad canoloesol).<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ellis Davidson, Hilda R.: <em>The Road to Hel. A Study of the Conception of the Dead in Old Norse Literature<\/em>. Cambridge 1943 (ailargraffiad 2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>N\u00e4sstr\u00f6m, Britt-Mari: <em>Bl\u00f3tin. Kultpraktiker i det f\u00f6rkristna Norden<\/em>. Stockholm 2001.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1723,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Odin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Odin \u2013 Y Tad Cyffredinol, Duw Ecstasi a Doethineb","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Odin: Y Tad Cyffredinol, ecstasi, barddoniaeth, rhwyd, Gungnir, Sleipnir yn ogystal \u00e2'i debygrwydd i Mercurius, Veles a Tyr. 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