{"id":191219,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191219"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"kappa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/kappa\/","title":{"rendered":"Kappa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191219\" class=\"elementor elementor-191219 elementor-1327\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kappa, ysbryd d\u0175r o fytholeg afonydd Japan<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kappa yw <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endid heb gorff a briodolir iddo ddylanwad yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd d\u0175r<\/span> o fytholeg afonydd Japan.<\/p><p>Mae kappa yn greaduriaid d\u0175r maint plentyn gyda chragen crwban a phowlen dd\u0175r ar y corun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysbryd: Endid anghorfforol neu led-gorfforol, ymadawedig, endidau natur, ysbrydion cartref neu warcheidwaid trothwyon. Yn gweithredu ym mywyd bob dydd, yn aml yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 lleoedd neu deuluoedd.\">Ysbryd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/japan\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Kami Shinto Japan a bydoedd y\u014dkai Bwdhaidd.\">Japan<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ysbrydion-dwr\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysbrydion afonydd, llynnoedd, moroedd, yn hudolus, amddiffynnol neu beryglus.\">Ysbryd D\u0175r<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_kappa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193656\" alt=\"Kappa - ysbrydion o draddodiad Japan, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_kappa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_kappa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_kappa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_japan_kappa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kappa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Kappa (\u6cb3\u7ae5, \u201eplentyn afon\u201c) yn greaduriaid d\u0175r mwyaf adnabyddus d\u00efaboleg werin Japan. Ystyrir eu bod maint dyn hyd faint plentyn, \u00e2 chroen gwyrddlas-cennog, gwe ar y traed, cragen crwban ar y cefn ac, y priodoledd bwysicaf, pant fflat (<em>sara<\/em>) ar y corun a rhaid iddo fod yn llawn d\u0175r. Os yw&#8217;r bowlen hon yn sychu, mae&#8217;r kappa yn colli ei rym.<\/p><p>Mae kappa yn byw mewn afonydd, pyllau, caeau reis a chyrff d\u0175r llai. Portreadir hwy fel creaduriaid trafferthus sy&#8217;n tynnu ymdrochwyr a theithwyr i&#8217;r dyfnderoedd, dychryn ceffylau a dwyn ciwcymbrau.<\/p><div><h3>Traddodiad Suijin a duwiau dyfroedd yr afonydd<\/h3><p>Mae&#8217;r <em>Kappa<\/em> wedi eu gwreiddio, yn etymolegol ac yn theologaidd, yn nhraddodiad <em>Suijin<\/em> (traddodiad duwiau&#8217;r d\u0175r), un o&#8217;r dosbarthiadau duwiau animistaidd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd frodorol Japan, wedi'i lliwio gan addoli'r kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">shinto<\/span> hynaf. Mae Suijin yn cael eu cofnodi mewn testunau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd frodorol Japan, wedi'i lliwio gan addoli'r kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">Shinto<\/span> clasurol megis yr <em>Engi Shiki<\/em> (10fed ganrif) fel grymoedd sy&#8217;n rheoli afonydd, ffynhonnau a phyllau d\u0175r.<\/p><p>Yn arferion gwerin lleol, mae&#8217;r kappa yn aml yn gweithredu fel amlygiadau is o Suijin, yn arbennig y mathau sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2 throelliadau d\u0175r peryglus neu byllau d\u0175r dwfn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r trawsnewid o Suijin i kappa yn adlewyrchu diraddiad statws dwyfol trwy sacraleiddio lleol: mae Suijin afon fawr yn parhau i fod yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endid a addolir fel duwiol o fewn crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">dduwdod<\/span>, ond mae Suijin nant fach neu dd\u0175r peryglus yn cael ei ddiraddio i kappa mewn arferion <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y diwylliant gwerin traddodiadol gydag arferion, straeon a chaneuon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ll\u00ean gwerin<\/span>. Ond mae&#8217;r strwythur addoliad yn parhau: adeiladodd pentrefi ger dyfroedd a drigid gan kappa gysegrau bach, lleoedd offrymu neu safleoedd offrymau bwyd.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg cyflym: Kappa<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> cythraul d\u0175r, creadur afon<br>Tarddiad: duwiau afon rhanbarthol, traddodiadau addoliad d\u0175r hynafol<br>Testunau: Konjaku Monogatarish\u016b, llenyddiaeth y\u014dkai o gyfnod Edo, T\u014dno Monogatari gan Yanagita Kunio<br>Cyfnod: wedi&#8217;i gofnodi o&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i gorpws testunau sanctaidd sefydledig o grefydd; ystyrir testunau anghanonaidd fel apocryffaidd.\">canonaidd<\/span> o gyfnod Edo ymlaen<br>Amddiffyniad: ymgrymu (yn gwac\u00e1u&#8217;r bowlen dd\u0175r), offrymau o giwcymbrau, colli mewn sumo<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae creaduriaid d\u0175r tebyg i kappa yn ymddangos mewn ffynonellau Japaneaidd o&#8217;r Oesoedd Canol ymlaen. Ceir yr episodau cynharaf a all fod yn glir yn kappa mewn casgliadau setsuwa o&#8217;r 12fed i&#8217;r 14eg ganrif. Digwyddodd catalogio a sefydlogi eang yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Astudiaeth cynnwys delweddau a'u hystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">eiconograffeg<\/span> yng nghyfnod Edo trwy lyfrau darluniau y\u014dkai ac ymchwiliadau lleol.<\/p><p>Mae T\u014dno Monogatari (1910) gan Yanagita Kunio yn disgrifio nifer o episodau kappa o ranbarth Iwate ac yn ffurfio man cychwyn ymchwil kappa fodern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae kappa yn adnabyddus ymhell dros Japan gyfan, gyda amrywiadau enw rhanbarthol. Prif ranbarthau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y trosglwyddiad gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">trosglwyddiad<\/span> dwys yw Basn T\u014dno (Iwate), Ky\u016bsh\u016b (yn arbennig Kumamoto gyda&#8217;r cerflun kappa enwog ar Bont Ushibuka) a rhanbarth Kant\u014d.<\/p><p>Lleoedd nodweddiadol: ffosydd dyfrhau caeau reis, rhydau, cyfleusterau argaeau, llynnoedd mynyddig anghysbell. Yn rhai rhanbarthau, gosodir cysegrau bychain yn union ar lan yr afon i&#8217;r kappa lleol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Ffynonellau pwysig: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ll\u00ean-gwerinwr Japaneaidd (1875\u20131962); sylfaenydd ll\u00ean-gwerin fodern Japaneaidd.\">Yanagita Kunio<\/span>, T\u014dno Monogatari (1910); gwyddoniaduron y\u014dkai Toriyama Sekien (1776 ymlaen); nifer o gasgliadau lleol.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ymchwil fodern: Komatsu Kazuhiko, Ishikawa Jun\u02bcichir\u014d (Kappa no sekai, 1985), Michael Dylan Foster. Cafodd y ffigwr hwn ei drin yn llenyddol yn drwm hefyd gan stori Akutagawa Ry\u016bnosuke, \u201eKappa\u201c (1927).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r enw&#8217;n cyfuno \u6cb3 (\u201eafon\u201c) a \u7ae5 (\u201eplentyn\u201c).<\/p><ul><li><strong>Gawappa \/ Gatar\u014d<\/strong>, amrywiadau yn Ky\u016bsh\u016b.<\/li><li>Kawatar\u014d, darlleniad amgen, yn bennaf yng Ngorllewin Japan.<\/li><li>Suiko (\u6c34\u864e, \u201eteigr d\u0175r\u201c), cyfochredd Tsieineaidd.<\/li><li>Enk\u014d, term Gorllewin Japaneaidd (yn llythrennol \u201emwnci\u201c).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad.<\/strong> Maint plentyn (tua 1 i 1,20 m), croen gwyrddlyd a chennog, cragen crwban ar ei gefn, pilennau nofio ar y dwylo a&#8217;r traed, ceg fel pig. Ar gorun ei ben mae pant gwastad yn dal d\u0175r, ac heb y d\u0175r hwn mae&#8217;r kappa yn colli nerth a symudedd.<\/p><p>Ymddygiad. Maleisus a chyfrwys, ond ar y llaw arall gwrtais ac awchus mewn ymryson ymgodymu. Mae kappa yn herio pobl i sum\u014d. Maen nhw&#8217;n tynnu ceffylau a phobl anwyliadwrus i&#8217;r d\u0175r. Un arferiad a briodolir iddynt yw tynnu&#8217;r b\u00eal afu chwedlonol (<em>shirikodama<\/em>) allan trwy anws pobl a foddwyd.<\/p><p>Hoffterau. Ciwcymbrau yw eu bwyd hoff, a dyna darddiad y rholyn sushi <em>kappamaki<\/em>.<\/p><div><h3>Kappa-no-sara: Y ddysgl gysegredig ar y pen<\/h3><p>Y nodwedd sy&#8217;n gwahaniaethu kappa yw&#8217;r <em>sara<\/em> (dysgl) ar ei ben, elfen ag arwyddoc\u00e2d cwltaidd dwfn.<\/p><p>Yn \u00f4l y gred werin, dyma le mae eu nerth goruwchnaturiol yn byw: pe bai&#8217;r ddysgl yn torri neu&#8217;n sychu, byddai&#8217;r kappa yn colli ei rym. Roedd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Credoau crefyddol y tu hwnt i'r theoleg swyddogol, yn aml gydag elfennau syncretaidd.\">ddiwinyddiaeth werin<\/span> hon yn ddylanwadol i&#8217;r graddau bod arferion gwerin o gyfnod Edo yn bodoli i niwtraleiddio kappa trwy sychu eu sara.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Cofnododd casgliadau ethnograffig y folclorydd Yanagita Kunio (1875-1962) amrywiadau rhanbarthol: credai rhai cymunedau y gellid llenwi&#8217;r sara \u00e2 sake i dawelu&#8217;r kappa; honnai eraill fod y sara wedi ei llenwi \u00e2 d\u0175r bywyd y d\u0175r ei hun.<\/span><\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r dehongliadau meithrin hyn yn dangos sut y datblygodd nodwedd anatomegol syml yn system gwltaidd gymhleth a luniodd ymddygiad, amddiffyniad ac arferion o barch.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Kappa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion y Kappa ar gip.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hen dduwiau afonydd a thraddodiadau cwlt d\u0175r rhanbarthol; dylanwad rhannol o gredoau suiko Tsieineaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Perthnasol i<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Plant yn ymdrochi, ffermwyr reis wrth ffosydd dyfrhau, ceffylau ar y lan, teithwyr yn croesi rhydau liw nos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ffurf<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwrthrych dyfrol maint plentyn, croen gwyrdd, \u00e2 chragen, pilennau nofio a dysgl ben yn llawn d\u0175r.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Boddi, dwyn y shirikodama, dwyn (yn enwedig ciwcymbrau), dychryn ceffylau ac anifeiliaid.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyn rhag Kappa<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymgrymu&#8217;n gwrtais (sy&#8217;n peri i&#8217;r kappa ymgrymu&#8217;n \u00f4l, ac wrth wneud hynny golli d\u0175r ei ben); <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y gwrthrych neu'r bwyd penodol a gynigir i dduwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrwm<\/span> o giwcymbrau ag enw&#8217;r rhoddwr wedi ei sgriblo arnynt; buddugoliaeth mewn sum\u014d.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymariaethau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y <em>suiko<\/em> Tsieineaidd (&#8220;teigr d\u0175r&#8221;); y <em>mul-gwishin<\/em> Cor\u00ebeg; y <em>n\u0101ga<\/em> Indiaidd a&#8217;r <em>lu<\/em> Tibetaidd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad ymarferol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymgrymu&#8217;n gwrtais.<\/strong> Y mesur gwrthweithiol clasurol: pan welir kappa ar lan afon, cyfarchir ef yn gwrtais. Mae&#8217;r kappa yn ymgrymu&#8217;n \u00f4l, ac wrth wneud hynny mae d\u0175r yn tywallt o&#8217;i ddysgl ben. Wedi ei wanhau, rhaid iddo ddychwelyd i&#8217;r afon a cholli&#8217;r cyfle i ymosod.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu barchedigaeth.\" tabindex=\"0\">Offrwm<\/span> o giwcymbrau. Yn rhai rhanbarthau mae rhieni&#8217;n torri enw&#8217;r plentyn ar giwcymbr ac yn ei daflu i&#8217;r afon cyn ymdrochi, fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y gwrthrych neu'r bwyd penodol a gynigir i dduwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrwm<\/span> ac amddiffyniad.<\/p><p>Cytundebau \u00e2 Kappa. Mae straeon gwerin yn adrodd am kappa a wnaeth, ar \u00f4l colli mewn cyfarfyddiad \u00e2 pherson (er enghraifft ar \u00f4l cael ei fraich wedi ei thorri i ffwrdd a&#8217;i hadfer ar \u00f4l gofyn amdani), gytundeb i beidio ag ymosod ar dai ac anifeiliaid mwyach.<\/p><p>Sum\u014d. Mae kappa yn falch o&#8217;u sgiliau ymgodymu. Mae colli mewn ymryson sum\u014d yn eu rhwymo i addewid tuag at y buddugwr.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kappa: cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Tsieina.<\/strong> Mae&#8217;r <em>suiko<\/em> (&#8220;teigr d\u0175r&#8221;) yn fodel eiconograffig uniongyrchol a drosglwyddwyd i Japan trwy wyddoniaduron cynnar.<\/p><p>Corea. Mae mul-gwishin (ysbrydion d\u0175r) yn tynnu ymdrochwyr i&#8217;r dyfnder yn debyg i kappa, ond mae eu tarddiad yn wahanol, gan amlaf pobl farw a fu&#8217;n foddi mewn dyfroedd.<\/p><p>India\/Bwdhaeth. Mae <em>n\u0101ga<\/em>, gwrthrychau neidr d\u0175r, yn perthyn yn deipolegol ond yn fwy dwyfol-amwys.<\/p><p>Tibet. Mae lu, ysbrydion d\u0175r a phridd, yn rhannu&#8217;r cyswllt \u00e2 dyfroedd a&#8217;r natur ddeuol o amddiffyniad a pherygl.<\/p><div><h3><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Credoau a defodau crefyddol a arferir yn gyffredin ym mywyd bob dydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cred werin<\/span> Edo a chlasurio Yanagita Kunio<\/h3><p>Sefydlodd cyfnod Edo (1603-1868) y kappa fel ffigwr canolog yng nghred werin y trefi a&#8217;r wlad. Datblygodd masnachwyr yn drefi porthladd afon fel Edo ac Osaka ragofalon rhag ymosodiadau kappa, megis gochel rhag ymdrochi&#8217;n unigol gyda&#8217;r nos neu offrymu ciwcymbrau.<\/p><p>Dosbarthodd Yanagita Kunio, sylfaenydd folcloreg fodern Japan, amrywiadau rhanbarthol kappa yn ei weithiau yn systematig yn \u00f4l dosbarthiad daearyddol a gwahaniaethau priodoleddau lleol.<\/p><p>Dangosodd ymchwil Yanagita fod adroddiadau am kappa yn fwy cyffredin yn rhanbarthau afonydd mewndirol nag ar arfordiroedd, a bod naratifau kappa o statws uwch yn tueddu i berthyn i afonydd mwy. Codododd ei waith y kappa o fod yn ofergoeliaeth yn unig i gategori academaidd o gof diwylliannol, a chafodd ddylanwad sylweddol ar astudiaethau ethnograffig a ddaeth ar ei \u00f4l.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd25cbdc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd25cbdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp08d11db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp08d11db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y ddysgl ar y pen a tharddiad y nerth<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0e2c4f6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp0e2c4f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpace17c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpace17c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y nodwedd fwyaf trawiadol ar y Kappa yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trosglwyddo gwybodaeth a straeon dros genedlaethau.\" tabindex=\"0\">draddodiad<\/span> Japan yw pant si\u00e2p powlen ar gopa&#8217;r pen, a elwir mewn llawer o ddisgrifiadau yn <em>sara<\/em>, sef pl\u00e2t.<\/p><p>Yn \u00f4l y gred werin, mae&#8217;r pant hwn bob amser yn llawn d\u0175r, ac yn y d\u0175r hwnnw y mae grym goruwchnaturiol y Kappa yn preswylio. Cyhyd \u00e2 bod y pl\u00e2t yn parhau&#8217;n llaith, mae&#8217;r Kappa yn gryf ac yn beryglus, hyd yn oed ar dir sych.<\/p><p>O hyn y daw&#8217;r rheol amddiffynnol enwocaf. Pan fydd rhywun yn cyfarfod \u00e2 Kappa, dylai ymgrymu&#8217;n ddwfn o&#8217;i flaen. Bydd y Kappa cwrtais yn ateb yr ymgrymiad, ac wrth wneud hynny mae&#8217;r d\u0175r yn arllwys allan o&#8217;r pl\u00e2t, gan iddo golli ei rym nes iddo allu ei ail-lenwi.<\/p><p>Mewn rhai fersiynau, mae&#8217;n ddigon i wneud i&#8217;r Kappa symud ei ben yn sydyn. Mae&#8217;r straeon hyn yn cysylltu&#8217;r ysbryd d\u0175r peryglus \u00e2 gwendid bron yn ddoniol, ynghyd \u00e2 pharch at gwrteisi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae ysgolheigion gwerin fel Kunio Yanagita, sylfaenydd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddor sy'n astudio diwylliant beunyddiol, arferion a chredoau a drosglwyddwyd.\" tabindex=\"0\">astudiaethau gwerin<\/span> Japan, wedi casglu a dehongli&#8217;r Kappa yn helaeth. Yn ei waith <em>Tono monogatari<\/em> o 1910, mae&#8217;r Kappa yn ymddangos yn rhan hanfodol o fyd naratif gwledig ardal Tono.<\/span><\/p><p>Gwelodd Yanagita yn yr ysbrydion d\u0175r o&#8217;r fath, ymhlith pethau eraill, weddillion hen dduwiau d\u0175r a oedd wedi dirywio o statws. Yn \u00f4l un dehongliad cyffredin, gallai&#8217;r pl\u00e2t fod yn wreiddiol yn gyfeiriad at gysylltiad y Kappa \u00e2 d\u0175r fel elfen ei rym, yn hytrach na manylyn anatomegol damweiniol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp84c8c3b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp84c8c3b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb548fd7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpb548fd7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O dduw d\u0175r i fwystfil afonydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpcc1116e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpcc1116e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp07f4fb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp07f4fb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Kappa yn enghraifft glasurol yn ymchwil academaidd o&#8217;r ddamcaniaeth am y duw a ddirywiodd. Mae llawer o ysgolheigion ll\u00ean gwerin Japan, gan gynnwys Yanagita ac ymchwilwyr rhanbarthol lu ar ei \u00f4l, wedi dadlau bod duwiau d\u0175r h\u0177n yn sail i&#8217;r Kappa, duwiau a gollodd eu statws cwltig gyda newid amgylchiadau crefyddol, a ddirywiodd i fod yn fwystfilod ofnus ond hefyd yn destun gwawd.<\/p><p>Yn rhai rhanbarthau, cysylltir y Kappa yn benodol \u00e2 <em>suijin<\/em>, y duw d\u0175r, neu dehonglir ef yn ffurf is arno.<\/p><p>Amlygir y natur ddeuol hon yn ymddygiad amwys y Kappa. Ar y llaw un, ystyrir ef yn beryglus. Cyfrifir iddo bobl a foddwyd, yn enwedig plant a boddwyd, a cheffylau.<\/p><p>Ar y llaw arall, gall y Kappa, o&#8217;i drin yn dda neu o&#8217;i drechu, ddod yn gynghreiriad defnyddiol. Mae llawer o chwedlau rhanbarthol yn adrodd sut y bydd Kappa, ar \u00f4l colli gornest nerth, yn dysgu meddygaeth i bobl, yn enwedig sut i osod esgyrn, neu&#8217;n cyflenwi pysgod iddynt yn rheolaidd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r amrywiaeth rhanbarthol yn eang. Yng Kyushu a gorllewin Japan, mae enwau fel <em>gataro<\/em> neu <em>garappa<\/em> yn gyffredin, ac yn y gogledd, enwau eraill. Yn rhai lleoedd, tybir bod y Kappa yn symud gyda&#8217;r tymhorau rhwng yr afon a&#8217;r mynydd, hynny yw, ei fod yn greadur d\u0175r yn yr haf ac yn greadur mynydd yn y gaeaf.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r syniad hwn o fudo yn ei gysylltu \u00e2 chredoau Japan am esgyn a disgyn tymhorol y duwiau, ac mae&#8217;n cadarnhau&#8217;r dehongliad nad ydyw&#8217;r Kappa yn ddim ond bwystfil dychrynllyd, ond yn hytrach yn weddillion o gredoau crefyddol mwy cymhleth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8dc85b9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8dc85b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpeeeba9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpeeeba9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ciwcymbrau, sumo, a'r shirikodama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4519d4f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp4519d4f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b0ecbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp5b0ecbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae sawl motiff sefydlog yn nodweddu&#8217;r Kappa yn y traddodiad llafar. Un ohonynt yw ei hoffter o giwcymbrau.<\/p><p>Yn ardaloedd lawer, roedd hi&#8217;n arferol taflu ciwcymbr i&#8217;r d\u0175r cyn ymdrochi mewn afon i dawelu&#8217;r Kappa, neu ysgrifennu enw&#8217;r sawl a fyddai&#8217;n ymdrochi ar giwcymbr. O&#8217;r cysylltiad hwn deillia hefyd enw&#8217;r rholyn sushi <em>kappamaki<\/em>, sef rholyn ciwcymbr.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiff<\/span> arall yw hoffter y Kappa o ymaflyd codwm. Mae&#8217;r Kappa yn herio pobl sy&#8217;n mynd heibio i sumo, ac yn y fan hon y mae&#8217;r amddiffyniad drwy&#8217;r pl\u00e2t yn dod i rym, gan fod y Kappa yn colli d\u0175r ei ben wrth ymaflyd codwm neu wrth ymgrymu. Mae&#8217;r ymaflyd codwm \u00e2&#8217;r Kappa hyd yn oed wedi dod yn rhan o arferion lleol a gemau plant mewn rhai rhanbarthau.<\/p><p>Y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> tywyllaf yw&#8217;r <em>shirikodama<\/em>, sylwedd si\u00e2p p\u00eal a dybir yn y gred werin i fodoli yn anws y corff dynol, a&#8217;r un y mae&#8217;r Kappa yn ei gipio o&#8217;i ddioddefwyr. Yn \u00f4l rhai straeon, bydd pwy bynnag a gollo&#8217;r shirikodama yn marw, neu&#8217;n colli ei rym bywyd.<\/p><p>Yn nhermau astudiaethau crefydd, dehonglir y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> hwn yn bennaf fel esboniad gwerin ar farwolaethau drwy foddi, yn enwedig ar sail arsylwadau anatomegol ar gyrff pobl a foddwyd. Bu&#8217;r Kappa felly hefyd yn ffigwr rhybuddiol i gadw plant draw o ddyfroedd peryglus. Mae&#8217;r swyddogaeth addysgol hon yn esbonio rhan o&#8217;i barhad yn niwylliant bob dydd Japan, hyd at fasgotau ac arwyddion lleoedd ar hyd afonydd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolenni mewnol a argymhellir:<\/p><ul><li>Tudalen ddiwylliannol <strong>Japan<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Proffiliau unigol eraill o Japan: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/oni\/\">Oni<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tengu\/\">Tengu<\/a>, Y\u016brei, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/yuki-onna\/\">Yuki-onna<\/a>.<\/li><li>Cymharebau: <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tsieina\/\">Tsieina<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/korea\/\">Corea<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/tibet\/\">Tibet<\/a> (Lu).<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth (dewis)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\" data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Detholiad cryno o waith allweddol ar y Kappa:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Yanagita Kunio: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Legends-Tono-Kunio-Yanagita\/dp\/0739127675\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Legends of T\u014dno.<\/a><\/em> Cyf. Ronald A. Morse. Lexington Books, Lanham 2008 (argraffiad estynedig).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Ishikawa Jun\u02bcichir\u014d: <em>Kappa no sekai.<\/em> Jiji Ts\u016bshinsha, Tokyo 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Foster, Michael Dylan: <em>Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Y\u014dkai.<\/em> University of California Press, Berkeley 2009.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Komatsu Kazuhiko: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books\/about\/Introduction_to_Yokai_Culture.html?id=_cLvtwEACAAJ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">An Introduction to Y\u014dkai Culture.<\/a><\/em> Japan Publishing Industry Foundation for Culture, Tokyo 2017.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Toriyama Sekien: <em>Japandemonium Illustrated.<\/em> Cyf. Hiroko Yoda &#038; Matt Alt. Dover, Mineola 2016.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-kappa-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-kappa-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-kappa\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-kappa-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-kappa-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Mae&#8217;r arfer amddiffynnol a ddisgrifir yma yn ddehongliad astudiaethau crefydd o draddodiadau hanesyddol. Mae iWell Guard yn cysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r llinyn hanesyddol-ddiwylliannol hwn o wrthrychau amddiffynnol a wisgir, ac yn cynrychioli ffurf gyfoes ohono. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4eed17 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a4eed17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cd2ebc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6cd2ebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<h2>Cwestiynau Cyffredin am y Kappa<\/h2>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Beth yw Kappa yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> Japan?<\/h3><p>Mae&#8217;r Kappa yn wesyn dyfrol o gred werin Japan, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod anghorfforol y priodolir dylanwad iddo yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span> ar ffurf ddyn \u00e2 chragen crwban, pilenni rhwng y bysedd a phant si\u00e2p cragen ar ei ben lle mae d\u0175r yn cronni.<\/p><p>Cyhyd \u00e2 bod d\u0175r yn y pant hwnnw, mae&#8217;r Kappa yn gryf; os collir y d\u0175r, mae&#8217;n colli ei nerth. Mae Kappas yn byw mewn afonydd a phyllau, yn cael eu hystyried yn dwyllwyr, a gallant lusgo plant i&#8217;r d\u0175r a&#8217;u boddi.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"iwg-faq-q\"><h3>Sut mae rhywun yn amddiffyn ei hun rhag Kappa?<\/h3><p>Yr ystum amddiffynnol glasurol yw&#8217;r ymgrymu dwfn: os bydd person yn dod at y Kappa yn gwrtais ac yn ymgrymu, mae&#8217;r Kappa, fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod anghorfforol y priodolir dylanwad iddo yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span> sy&#8217;n glynu at foesau da, dan orfodaeth i ddychwelyd yr ymgrymu, gan achosi i&#8217;r d\u0175r lifo o&#8217;i ben a&#8217;i wanhau.<\/p><p>Dull arall yw <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrwm<\/span> o giwcymbr, hoff fwyd y Kappa (a dyna pam y gelwir un math penodol o rolyn swshi Kappa-Maki).<\/p><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Beth yw Kappa yn mytholeg Japan?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Mae'r Kappa yn wesyn dyfrol o gred werin Japan, ysbryd ar ffurf ddyn \u00e2 chragen crwban, pilenni rhwng y bysedd a phant si\u00e2p cragen ar ei ben lle mae d\u0175r yn cronni.Cyhyd \u00e2 bod d\u0175r yn y pant hwnnw, mae'r Kappa yn gryf; os collir y d\u0175r, mae'n colli ei nerth. Mae Kappas yn byw mewn afonydd a phyllau, yn cael eu hystyried yn dwyllwyr, a gallant lusgo plant i'r d\u0175r a'u boddi.\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Sut mae rhywun yn amddiffyn ei hun rhag Kappa?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yr ystum amddiffynnol glasurol yw'r ymgrymu dwfn: os bydd person yn dod at y Kappa yn gwrtais ac yn ymgrymu, mae'r Kappa, fel ysbryd sy'n glynu at foesau da, dan orfodaeth i ddychwelyd yr ymgrymu, gan achosi i'r d\u0175r lifo o'i ben a'i wanhau.Dull arall yw offrwm o giwcymbr, hoff fwyd y Kappa (a dyna pam y gelwir un math penodol o rolyn swshi Kappa-Maki).\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1600,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Kappa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kappa \u2013 Ysbryd D\u0175r o Fytholeg Afonydd Japan | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kappa, creadur d\u0175r maint plentyn o fytholeg afonydd Japan. Cragen crwban a phowlen dd\u0175r ar y corun: tarddiad, motiffau ac amddiffyniad.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"japan","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191219","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kappa \u2013 Ysbryd D\u0175r o Fytholeg Afonydd Japan | iWell Guard<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kappa, creadur d\u0175r maint plentyn o fytholeg afonydd Japan. 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