{"id":191175,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191175"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"leviathan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/leviathan\/","title":{"rendered":"Leviathan"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191175\" class=\"elementor elementor-191175 elementor-1021\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan, duw traddodiad Cristnogol<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Leviathan yw duw traddodiad Cristnogol.<\/p><p>Sarff wreiddiol y m\u00f4r, ffigwr anhrefn traddodiad Hebraeg a Cristnogol.<\/p><p>Ymddengys Leviathan yn y Beibl fel draig anhrefn a gwrthwynebydd y creu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Duw \/ Duwies: Y grym personol uchaf ym mhantheon diwylliant, gyda meysydd cyfrifoldeb clir, megis grymoedd natur, tynged, rhyfel, ffrwythlondeb. Addolir trwy gwltiau, aberthau a sefydliadau teml.\">Duw<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/cristnogaeth\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Traddodiad Cristnogol gyda'i angylion, cythreuliaid a bodau cyfrin.\">Cristnogaeth<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/anti-dduwiau\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Grymoedd anhrefn a gwrthwynebwyr cosmig, gwrthwynebwyr mewn deuoliaeth hanes crefyddol.\">Gwrth-dduw<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193689\" alt=\"Leviathan - duwiau o draddodiad Cristnogaeth, hanesyddol-ddarluniadol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/goetter_christentum_leviathan.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae Leviathan (Hebraeg <em>Liwjatan<\/em>) yn un o&#8217;r hynaf o ffigyrau anrhefn y Dwyrain Agos hynafol, ac mewn mannau amlwg yn yr Hen Destament (Job 40, 41, Salm 74, Eseia 27) ymddengys ar unwaith yn greadur cyntefig bygythiol ac yn degan dwyfol.<\/p><p>Mewn llenyddiaeth apocalyptaidd daw&#8217;n elyn diwedd-amseroedd eschatolegol; yn nemonoleg Gristnogol fe&#8217;i dyrchafwyd i hierarchaeth y prif-ddemoniaid, yn aml fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cythraul<\/span> cenfigen neu fel rheolwr y dyfnder.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Yn strwythurol, mae Leviathan yn perthyn i deulu nadroedd anrhefn y Dwyrain Agos hynafol: Ti\u0101mat, Jamm (Wgarit), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a>, Vrtra, a neidr Midgard Germanaidd. Mae&#8217;r motiff sylfaenol, sef trefn drwy drechu&#8217;r anghenfil cyntefig, i&#8217;w gael yn eang ar draws traddodiadau Indo-Ewropeaidd a Semitaidd. Mae Thomas Hobbes yn defnyddio Leviathan fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arwydd sy'n cynrychioli syniad neu ystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbol<\/span> o rym y wladwriaeth (1651); mae&#8217;r ddelweddaeth fodern yn ei wneud yn hanfod y grymus ei hun.<\/span><\/p><div><p><strong>Lotan Wgaritig fel rhagflaenydd<\/strong><\/p><p>Yn hanesyddol grefyddol, mae Leviathan yn un o&#8217;r enghreifftiau gorau eu dogfennu o draddodiad nadroedd anrhefn y Dwyrain Agos hynafol. Y dystiolaeth hynaf yw&#8217;r gair Wgaritig <em>Lotan<\/em> (yn nhestunau KTU 1.5 a 1.83, a ddyddir i tua 1400 CC), lle mae&#8217;r anghenfil m\u00f4r saith-bennog Lotan yn cael ei drechu gan y duw tywydd Baal.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r cynsail hwn yn perthyn yn agos i fyth Tiamat Mesopotamaidd (Enuma Elisch); mae&#8217;r ddau&#8217;n perthyn i draddodiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Naratif traddodiadol am dduwiau, tarddiadau, a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Myth<\/span> Combat y Dwyrain Agos hynafol (<em>Chaoskampf<\/em>), sy&#8217;n batrwm i draddodiad Iddewig Liwjatan.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae ymchwil ysgolheigaidd (John Day, <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>, 1985; Mark S. Smith, <em>The Origins of Biblical Monotheism<\/em>, 2001) wedi manylu ar y cysylltiadau ledaeniad diwylliannol hyn.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg Cyflym: Leviathan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Creadur m\u00f4r cyntefig, ffigwr anrhefn, prif-gythraul uffern<br>Tarddiad: Lotan Wgaritig, Liwjatan Hebraeg<br>Testunau: Job 40, 41, Salm 74, Eseia 27, Datguddiad 13, Llyfr Enoch, grimoires<br>Cyfnod: o&#8217;r Oes Efydd Ddiweddar hyd heddiw<br>Swyddogaeth: ymgorfforiad anrhefn, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiff<\/span> diwedd-amseroedd eschatolegol<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klaerung1777529077 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klaerung1777529077\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klar1777529077 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"klar1777529077\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p><span data-nosnippet><em><strong>Gwahaniaethu oddi wrth Satan:<\/strong> Yn wahanol i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, gwrthwynebydd personol traddodiad Iddewig-Cristnogol, nid ffigwr gweithredol yw Leviathan ond yn hytrach <strong>symbolaeth anghenfilaidd gosmig<\/strong>, sef y creadur m\u00f4r o destunau Job, a ddefnyddiwyd yn ddiweddarach fel delwedd o anrhefn diwylliedig mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Astudiaeth academaidd o Dduw a chredoau crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Diwinyddiaeth<\/span> ac athroniaeth wleidyddol (Hobbes 1651).<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y dystiolaeth gynharaf mewn testunau Wgaritig (2il fileniwm CC) fel <em>Lotan<\/em>. Fe&#8217;i disgrifir yn fanwl yn yr Hen Destament yn Job 40, 41. Ymdriniaeth apocalyptaidd yn nghyfnod yr Ail Deml (Llyfr Enoch). Derbyniad Cristnogol yn Datguddiad a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Diwinyddiaeth ac ysgrifau'r Tadau Eglwysig (2il-8fed ganrif), e.e. Awstin, Jer\u00f4m, Origen, Chrysostom.\">Patristeg<\/span>. Grimoires a Hobbes yn yr oes fodern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gan tarddu o&#8217;r ardal Syriaidd-Ganaanaidd hynafol (Wgarit) i Israel feiblaidd; oddi yno i&#8217;r byd Cristnogol cyfan, gyda phresenoldeb cryf mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Astudiaeth o gynnwys delweddau a'u hystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Eiconograffeg<\/span> (safn uffern) a llenyddiaeth (Hobbes, Moby Dick).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Testunau Ugaritig (KTU 1.5); Job 40, 41; Salm 74, Salm 104; Eseia 27,1; 1 Enoch 60; Datguddiad 12, 13; Grimoires (Dictionnaire Infernal); Hobbes; derbyniad modern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Hebraeg:<\/strong> <em>Liwjatan<\/em>, \u201eyr un sy&#8217;n ymdroelli&#8221;, \u201eTroelledig&#8221;.<br>Ugaritig: <em>Lotan<\/em>, gyda pharhad etymolegol a themataidd uniongyrchol.<br>Groeg (LXX): <em>drak\u014dn<\/em>.<br>Lladin (Vulgata): <em>Leviathan<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r berthynas thematig \u00e2 Ti\u0101mat, Apoffis a Vrtra yn ddiamheuol; yn ieithyddol, saif Leviathan ar linell uniongyrchol gyda Lotan Ugaritig. Yn nhraddodiad y Cabala, ystyrir ef yn achlysurol yn fenywaidd (fel priod \u201eLeviathan Drygionus&#8221;) neu&#8217;n ddeuol (dau Leviathan).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nodweddion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Sarff-f\u00f4r enfawr neu fwystfil m\u00f4r ar lun draig. Job 40, 41 sy&#8217;n ei ddisgrifio \u00e2 genau&#8217;n tasgu t\u00e2n, cen amdo, a nerth anorchfygol. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Astudiaeth o gynnwys delweddau a'u hystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">Eiconograffeg<\/span> ganoloesol: draig, Leviathan fel genau uffern sy&#8217;n llyncu&#8217;r rhai colledig.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddygiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Yn Job, tegan Duw ac arwydd o oruchafiaeth ddwyfol. Yn Eseia 27,1 y gelyn y bydd Duw yn ei orchfygu \u00e2&#8217;i gleddyf ar ddiwedd y dyddiau. Yn Datguddiad, y ddraig apocalyptaidd o&#8217;r m\u00f4r.<\/p><p><strong>Maes dylanwad<\/strong><\/p><p>Y m\u00f4r, y dyfnder, yr anrhefn. Yn ddiwinyddiaeth eschatolegol, y dyddiau diwethaf; yn eiconograffeg uffern ganoloesol, uffern ei hun.<\/p><p><strong>Tarddiad mytholegol<\/strong><\/p><p>Gwreiddiau Ugaritig yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">fotiff<\/span> Lotan, a wreiddiwyd yn frwydr anrhefn y duw Baal yn erbyn nerth y m\u00f4r, Jamm. Yn feiblaidd, moment creadigaeth (dofi) yn ogystal \u00e2 diwedd amser (dinistr).<\/p><div><p><strong>Job 40, 41 fel y ffynhonnell fanylaf<\/strong><\/p><p>Y disgrifiad manylaf o Leviathan yn y Beibl sydd yn Job 41 (mewn rhifiad arall 40,25, 41,26): portread manwl o 34 pennill o&#8217;r bod, gyda chen, anadl d\u00e2n, safn enfawr, a natur anorchfygol.<\/p><p>Y cyd-destun diwinyddol yw ymateb Duw i Job o&#8217;r storm (Job 38, 41), lle y dengys Duw ei oruchafiaeth gosmig hyd yn oed dros bwerau anrhefn. Saif Leviathan yma ynghyd \u00e2 Behemoth fel prawf deuol fod y greadigaeth yn cynnwys pwerau y tu hwnt i afael dynol, ond eto&#8217;n ddarostyngedig i awdurdod dwyfol.<\/p><p>Mae Salm 74,14 yn cyfeirio at y cyn-hanes cosmolegol (&#8220;Ti a friwiodd bennau Leviathan&#8221;); mae Salm 104,26 yn taro t\u00f4n wahanol, bron yn chwareus, yn ddiweddarach (&#8220;Leviathan, a wnaethost ti i chwarae ynddo&#8221;). Mae&#8217;r traddodiad rabinaidd Iddewig (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Prif waith Iddewiaeth rabinaidd, ar ffurf Fabilonaidd a Jerwsalemaidd; yn cynnwys Mishna a Gemara.\">Talmud<\/span> Bavli Bava Batra 75a) yn adrodd am wledd fawreddog ddiwedd amser i&#8217;r cyfiawn, lle bwyteir cnawd Leviathan.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Leviathan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prif nodweddion Leviathan ar un olwg.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad Leviathan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lotan Ugaritig, Liwjatan Hebraeg. Yn yr Hen Destament, yn cynrychioli&#8217;r peth a orchfygwyd wrth y creu ac yn ogystal yn elyn eschatolegol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gwrthrych gweithredu<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bygythiad cosmig; yn y dderbyniad ganoloesol, y colledig (genau uffern). Yn thematig: dynion ar drothwy&#8217;r anorchfygol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sarff-f\u00f4r enfawr, genau&#8217;n tasgu t\u00e2n, cen amdo. Yn ganoloesol, genau uffern sy&#8217;n llyncu eneidiau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maes Dylanwad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ymgorfforiad o anrhefn, yn bygwth trefn, ac yn cael ei orchfygu yn y diwedd. Yn draddodiad Grimoire: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo ddylanwad niweidiol neu wrthgroes.\" tabindex=\"0\">cythraul<\/span> cenfigen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyn rhag Leviathan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ni ceir amddiffyniad bob-dydd. Yn ddiwinyddol: ymddiried yn Nuw fel y gorchfygwr. Yn llenyddiaeth gabalistig a Grimoire, fformwl\u00e2u rhwymo penodol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymharoldebau Leviathan<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tiamat (Mesopotamia), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a> (Yr Aifft), Vrtra (Fedaidd), Sarff Midgard, draig Datguddiad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Swyddogaeth mewn defod<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Litwrgaidd<\/strong><\/p><p>Yn y naratif Iddewig am wledd diwedd amser, mae Leviathan yn wasanaethu fel bwyd i&#8217;r cyfiawn (<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prif waith Iddewiaeth rabinaidd gyda dehongliad o'r traddodiad crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span>, Baba Batra 74b, 75a). Yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn benodedig o addoliad crefyddol gyda thestunau, caneuon a defodau.\">litwrgi<\/span> Gristnogol, dim cyswllt uniongyrchol; ond mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Astudiaeth o gynnwys delweddau a'u hystyr.\" tabindex=\"0\">eiconograffeg<\/span> y ddraig yn litwrgi&#8217;r Pasg yn atseinio.<\/p><p><strong>Consuriadau<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae Grimoires (Pseudomonarchia Daemonum, Dictionnaire Infernal) yn rhestru Leviathan fel un o&#8217;r archgythreuliaid, gyda s\u00eal a safle. Yn draddodiad cabalistig, mae&#8217;n rhan o&#8217;r <em>Sitra Achra<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong>Symbolaidd<\/strong><\/p><p>Fel ffigwr anrhefn, yn ddelwedd wrthwynebus i drefn ddwyfol; fel genau uffern, y pwynt eiconograffig canolog mewn darluniau diwedd amser canoloesol. Yn Hobbes, symbol o rym sofraniaeth y wladwriaeth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cymhariaethau a pharhad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Dwyrain Canol Hen:<\/strong> Lotan Ugaritig, Tiamat Fabilonaidd, yr un teulu motiff. Y patrwm sylfaenol: creadigaeth trwy orchfygu nerth m\u00f4r cynoesol.<\/p><p><strong>Traddodiadau Indo-Ewropeaidd:<\/strong> Vrtra yn y Rigveda, Sarff Midgard, draig chwedlau arwrol Groeg. Pob un yn cynrychioli&#8217;r cynoesol, y peth y mae&#8217;n rhaid i&#8217;r duw arwrol ei orchfygu.<\/p><p><strong>Derbyniad modern<\/strong><\/p><p><em>Leviathan<\/em> Hobbes fel metaffor gwleidyddol o rym gwladwriaethol. Mae Melville yn cyfeirio at Leviathan yn Moby-Dick. Yn fodern: ffilm, llenyddiaeth, geirfa wleidyddol (gwladwriaeth gwyliadwriaeth = &#8220;Leviathan&#8221;).<\/p><div><p><strong>Derbyniad gwleidyddol a modern<\/strong><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Ym 1651, gwnaeth Thomas Hobbes \u00e2&#8217;i brif waith gwleidyddol <em>Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civill<\/em> y ffigwr yn alegori o&#8217;r wladwriaeth absoliwt: y &#8220;duw marwol&#8221; Leviathan yw&#8217;r sofran a gr\u00ebwyd trwy gyfamod o&#8217;r cyflwr naturiol (<em>bellum omnium contra omnes<\/em>) ac sy&#8217;n llywodraethu bywyd a marwolaeth y dinasyddion.<\/span><\/p><p>Mae dewis Hobbes o&#8217;r ddelwedd hon yn arwyddocaol yn hanes crefydd: mae&#8217;n uniaethu&#8217;r wladwriaeth \u00e2&#8217;r nerth anrhefn, a&#8217;r dofi biblaidd ohono sy&#8217;n rhoi&#8217;r wladwriaeth ei swyddogaeth.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Yn y derbyniad modern (Carl Schmitt, <em>Der Leviathan in der Staatslehre des Thomas Hobbes<\/em>, 1938) ac yn nadleuon am sofraniaeth wladwriaethol, mae Leviathan yn parhau i fod yn ffigwr cyfeiriol canolog.<\/span><\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae&#8217;r derbyniad gwleidyddol hwn yn rhedeg yn gyfochrog \u00e2&#8217;r un diwinyddol-dremonolegol, lle mae Leviathan yn hierarchaeth uffern ganoloesol (Peter Binsfeld, <em>De confessionibus maleficarum<\/em>, 1589) yn cael ei restru fel un o&#8217;r saith tywysog uffern, yn gyfrifol am bechod marwol yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mewn traddodiad Cristnogol, athrawiaeth sy'n gwyro o'r safbwynt orthodoxaidd; yn yr hen fyd a'r canol oesoedd, yn destun cosbau.\">heresi<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0fa89a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp0fa89a2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp45b6119 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp45b6119\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leviathan yn Llyfr Job: Araith Duw o'r Storm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5b95145 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5b95145\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1068a65 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp1068a65\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r disgrifiad manylaf o&#8217;r Lefiathan yn y Beibl Hebraeg yn ymddangos yn Llyfr Job, pennod 41. Mae&#8217;n perthyn i&#8217;r areithiau lle mae Duw&#8217;n ateb cwynion Job o ganol y storm.<\/p><p>Mae Duw&#8217;n disgrifio&#8217;r bwystfil mewn cyfres hir o gwestiynau, sy&#8217;n arwain oll at y casgliad nad oes unrhyw ddyn yn gymar i&#8217;r Lefiathan. Ni all neb dynnu bachyn drwy ei drwyn, dofi ei safn \u00e2 ffrwyn, na thyllu ei groen \u00e2 gwaywffyn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r disgrifiad yn benodol a lliwgar. Mae gan y Lefiathan gennau na ellir eu treiddio, yn gorwedd wrth ei gilydd fel tarianau, mae ffagl yn tasgu o&#8217;i safn, mwg yn codi o&#8217;i ffroenau, a&#8217;i anadl yn cynnau marwor.<\/p><p>Pan gyfyd, mae hyd yn oed y cryfaf yn ofni. Mae&#8217;n trin haearn fel gwellt a phres fel pren pwdr. Mae&#8217;n gwneud i&#8217;r dyfnder ferwi fel crochan. Ef sydd wedi&#8217;i osod yn frenin dros bob peth balch.<\/p><p>Yn hanes dehongli&#8217;r testun, bu dadlau am ystyr hyn. Roedd traddodiad h\u0177n yn dehongli&#8217;r Lefiathan yn rhesymegol fel crocodil, a thraddodiad arall yn ei weld yn bur symbol o anrhefn. Heddiw, mae ysgolheictod yn pwysleisio&#8217;r cyd-destun rethregol: yn Llyfr Job, mae&#8217;r Lefiathan yn cynrychioli terfyn gallu dynol a dealltwriaeth ddynol.<\/p><p>Mae Duw&#8217;n dangos i Job greadur na all dyn ei reoli na&#8217;i amgyffred, ond nid yw&#8217;n bygwth Duw ei hun. Yn baradocsaidd, mae araith Duw yn troi&#8217;r bwystfil anrhefnus yn rhan o drefn amgenach y greadigaeth eang, na ellir i ddyn ei deall ystyr iddi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f647dc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6f647dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe9f0c9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpe9f0c9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y cefndir Gorllewin-Semitig: Lotan a'r frwydr yn erbyn anrhefn<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp10055ac e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp10055ac\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf9e4b2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpf9e4b2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid dyfais feiblaidd unigol yw Leviathan. Mae darganfyddiad testunau Wgaritig yn Ras Shamra ar arfordir Syria er 1929 wedi datgelu cefndir h\u0177n.<\/p><p>Yn nhestunau mytholegol Wgarit, sy&#8217;n perthyn i&#8217;r ail fileniwm cyn Crist, ceir neidr o&#8217;r enw <em>Lotan<\/em>, sy&#8217;n perthyn yn agos yn seinegol i&#8217;r Liwjatan Hebraeg. Disgrifir Lotan yno fel neidr droellog, aml-bennog, a leddir gan y duw tywydd Baal neu gan y dduwies Anat.<\/p><p>Felly perthyn Leviathan i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiff<\/span> cyffredin brwydr yr anrhefn yn y Dwyrain Agos hynafol. Ym Mesopotamia, mae&#8217;r duw Marduk yn ymladd yn erbyn y llifogydd cyntefig Tiamat yn yr <em>Enuma Elisch<\/em>; yn Wgarit, mae Baal yn trechu&#8217;r m\u00f4r Yam a&#8217;r ddraig Lotan.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r patrwm sylfaenol yn debyg ym mhobman: mae grym trefnus yn trechu grym dyfrllyd-anrheferus, yn aml ar ffurf neidr, gan sefydlu neu atgyfnerthu trefn y byd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Beibl Hebraeg yn gyfarwydd \u00e2&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">Motiff<\/span> hwn ac yn ei ddefnyddio, ond mewn ffordd wahanol ei hun. Mae sawl Salm a thestun proffwydol yn s\u00f4n bod Duw wedi malurio penglogau Leviathan neu&#8217;r ddraig f\u00f4r.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae ysgolheigion astudiaethau crefyddol fel John Day wedi dangos yn <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em> (1985) sut y mae&#8217;r delweddau h\u0177n hyn yn parhau i fyw yn y testunau beiblaidd, gan gael eu priodoli i&#8217;r un Duw Israel.<\/span><\/p><p>Felly try Leviathan o wrthwynebydd dwyfol annibynnol i greadur y mae Duw yn ei drechu, neu, fel yn Llyfr Job, yn ymddangos hyd yn oed dim ond fel ei degan pwerus ond diniwed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpab2b5fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpab2b5fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpfe388ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpfe388ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y wledd ddiwedd-amser: y Lefiathan yn nhraddodiad yr Iddewon<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb6217c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb6217c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe28435f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe28435f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn llenyddiaeth Iddewig \u00f4l-Feiblaidd, datblygwyd delwedd Leviathan mewn ffordd arbennig ei hun. Mae traddodiad eang, sydd i&#8217;w weld mewn apocalypsau, yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prif waith Iddewiaeth rabinaidd sy'n cynnwys esboniad ar y traddodiad crefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">Talmud<\/span> ac yn llenyddiaeth y Midrash, yn ei gysylltu \u00e2 diwedd amser.<\/p><p>Yn aml ymddengys mewn p\u00e2r \u00e2&#8217;r anghenfil daearol <em>Behemoth<\/em>; weithiau ychwanegir yr aderyn <em>Ziz<\/em> fel trydydd. Mae Leviathan yn rheoli&#8217;r m\u00f4r, Behemoth y tir.<\/p><p>Yn \u00f4l syniad cyffredin, creodd Duw&#8217;r ddau anghenfil cynoesol yn wreiddiol yn b\u00e2r, ond atal eu bridio er mwyn iddynt beidio \u00e2 gorlethu&#8217;r byd.<\/p><p>Ar ddiwedd y dyddiau, yn \u00f4l chwedl a dystiolaethir mewn sawl ffynhonnell, lleddir Leviathan a Behemoth a gosodir eu cig gerbron y cyfiawn fel gwledd. O groen Leviathan, yn \u00f4l addurniad Talmudaidd, gwna Duw babell neu ganopi ar gyfer y duwiolion.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r delweddau hyn yn ddadlennol o safbwynt hanes crefydd. Mae&#8217;r anghenfil anhrefn, a oedd yn haenau hynaf y traddodiad yn fygythiad go iawn i&#8217;r cread, wedi&#8217;i integreiddio&#8217;n llwyr yma i hanes iachawdwriaeth. Mae dan reolaeth o&#8217;r cychwyn cyntaf, ac yn y diwedd mae&#8217;n gwasanaethu hyd yn oed fel gwobr i&#8217;r cyfiawn.<\/p><p>Mae gan y syniad o wledd Leviathan hanes dylanwad hir yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Trefn sefydlog gwasanaeth crefyddol cymuned ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">litwrgi<\/span> a defosiwn poblogaidd Iddewig; ceir s\u00f4n amdano hyd heddiw mewn caneuon bwrdd ar gyfer G\u0175yl y Bythod. Mae ysgolheigion yn gweld ynddo enghraifft o sut y gallai motiff mytholegol hynafol aros yn fyw dros ganrifoedd trwy ailddehongli parhaus, heb erioed golli&#8217;n llwyr ei darddiad bygythiol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb39e41a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpb39e41a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7ec3be5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp7ec3be5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dehongliad Cristnogol: O safn Uffern i symbol gwleidyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp5bb46b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp5bb46b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2624cb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2624cb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn nhraddodiad dehongli Cristnogol, cafodd y Leviathan ei ddehongli&#8217;n bennaf mewn modd negyddol. Roedd Tadau&#8217;r Eglwys, fel Gregori Fawr, yn ei gysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r diafol neu&#8217;r Anghrist yn ei esboniadau ar Lyfr Job.<\/p><p>O safn d\u00e2n Llyfr Job datblygodd yn gelfyddyd yr Oesoedd Canol y motiff delweddol o safn Uffern, safn enfawr anghenfil ar agor y gyrrwyd y damniedig i mewn iddi. Siapiodd y ddelwedd hon lawysgrifau darluniadol, porthysau eglwysi ac yn ddiweddarach y ddrama grefyddol.<\/p><p>Defnyddiodd llinyn dehongli arall y Leviathan yn alegor\u00efol i gyfleu&#8217;r syniad o brynedigaeth. Yn rhai testunau canoloesol, ymddengys y Leviathan wedi ei ddal ar fachyn pysgota fel darlun o sut y caiff y diafol ei dwyllo drwy ymgnawdoliad Crist; daw&#8217;r groes yn fachyn y caiff yr anghenfil ei ddal arno.<\/p><p>Cysylltodd y syniad hwn hen ddelwedd y Leviathan anfachadwy \u00e2 dysgeidiaeth iachawdwriaeth Gristnogol.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Daw ailddyrannu mwyaf arwyddocaol yr oes fodern gan Thomas Hobbes. Yn ei waith <em>Leviathan<\/em> o 1651, dewisodd yr anghenfil Biblaidd fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Delwedd graffig sy'n cynrychioli syniad haniaethol.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> y wladwriaeth, dyn artiffisial wedi&#8217;i lunio o lawer o bobl, sydd trwy ei rym goruchaf yn dwyn i ben y cyflwr naturiol o ryfel pawb yn erbyn pawb.<\/span><\/p><p>Wrth wneud hynny, cyfeiriodd Hobbes yn benodol at ymadrodd Job am y brenin dros bawb balch.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r engrafiad copr enwog ar y clawr, sy&#8217;n dangos llywodraethwr enfawr wedi&#8217;i gyfansoddi o lawer o ffigyrau bychain, yn un o&#8217;r delweddau gwleidyddol mwyaf adnabyddus erioed. Ers Hobbes, mae Leviathan yn iaith wleidyddol yn ymadrodd am rym gwladwriaethol goruchaf, llinyn o ystyr sy&#8217;n gysylltiedig \u00e2&#8217;r ddraig anhrefn wreiddiol yn unig trwy&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynnwys ailddigwyddol mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> o rym anorchfygol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolenni mewnol a argymhellir:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/cristnogaeth\/\">Cristnogaeth<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/satan\/\">Satan<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lwsifer\/\">Lwsiffer<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/beelzebub\/\">Beelzebub<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/legion-meddiant-cythreuliaid-torfol\/\">Legion<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/apophis\/\">Apophis<\/a> (y cyfochredd agosaf)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/mesopotamia\/\">Mesopotamia<\/a> (traddodiad Ti\u0101mat)<\/li><li>Motiffau draig a brwydr anhrefn<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Detholiad o waith canolog ar Leviathan:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Day, John: <em>God&#8217;s Conflict with the Dragon and the Sea<\/em>. Cambridge 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Uehlinger, Christoph: \u201eLeviathan.&#8221; Yn: <em>Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible<\/em>. 2il arg. Leiden 1999.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Wakeman, Mary K.: <em>God&#8217;s Battle with the Monster<\/em>. Leiden 1973.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Batto, Bernard F.: <em>Slaying the Dragon<\/em>. Louisville 1992.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Schmidt, Brian B.: \u201eSea Monsters.&#8221; Yn: <em>Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls<\/em>. New York 2000.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Llenyddiaeth safonol (Cristnogaeth):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Markschies, Christoph<\/strong>: <em>Das <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufeinig, o tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">antike<\/span> Christentum. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Agwedd ac ymarfer crefyddol byw unigolyn.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fr\u00f6mmigkeit<\/span>, Lebensformen, Institutionen. Beck, M\u00fcnchen 2006.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Gwaith safonol ychwanegol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Rhestr Lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-33e931 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-33e931\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-faq-col-8e5934\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cwestiynau cyffredin am Leviathan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>Beth yw&#8217;r Leviathan?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Mae&#8217;r Leviathan yn anghenfil m\u00f4r enfawr yn nhraddodiad Iddewig-Gristnogol. Yn y Beibl Hebraeg (Eseia, y Salmau, Job), ymddengys fel grym cynradd anhrefnus y m\u00f4r, a ddisgyblir gan Dduw ar ddechrau&#8217;r Greadigaeth. Yn ddiweddarach, yn apocalyptiaeth Iddewig a demonoleg Gristnogol, daeth y Leviathan yn ymgnawdoliad o ddrygioni. I Thomas Hobbes, daeth yr enw&#8217;n symbol o&#8217;r wladwriaeth hollalluog.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n<details class=\"iwg-faq-item\">\n  <summary><strong>A yw&#8217;r Leviathan yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">gythraul<\/span> neu anifail?<\/strong><\/summary>\n  <p>Yn y traddodiad Biblaidd gwreiddiol, mae&#8217;r Leviathan yn anifail cosmig enfawr, yn perthyn yn agos i Lotan Ugaritig a Tiamat Mesopotamaidd. Yn ddiweddarach, yn apocalyptiaeth Iddewig (Llyfr Enoch) a demonoleg Gristnogol yr oes fodern gynnar, daeth yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod ysbrydol y priodolir iddo effaith niweidiol neu amwys.\" tabindex=\"0\">gythraul<\/span>: yn \u00f4l Peter Binsfeld, un o&#8217;r saith archgythraul, yn gyfrifol am y pechod marwol o genfigen.<\/p>\n<\/details>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wv-leviathan-s elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wv-leviathan-s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Beth yw'r Leviathan?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Mae'r Leviathan yn anghenfil m\u00f4r enfawr yn nhraddodiad Iddewig-Gristnogol. Yn y Beibl Hebraeg (Eseia, y Salmau, Job), ymddengys fel grym cynradd anhrefnus y m\u00f4r, a ddisgyblir gan Dduw ar ddechrau'r Greadigaeth. Yn ddiweddarach, yn apocalyptiaeth Iddewig a demonoleg Gristnogol, daeth y Leviathan yn ymgnawdoliad o ddrygioni \u2014 i Thomas Hobbes, daeth yr enw'n symbol o'r wladwriaeth hollalluog.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A yw'r Leviathan yn gythraul neu anifail?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yn y traddodiad Biblaidd gwreiddiol, mae'r Leviathan yn anifail cosmig enfawr \u2014 yn perthyn yn agos i Lotan Ugaritig a Tiamat Mesopotamaidd. Yn ddiweddarach, yn apocalyptiaeth Iddewig (Llyfr Enoch) a demonoleg Gristnogol yr oes fodern gynnar, daeth yn gythraul: yn \u00f4l Peter Binsfeld, un o'r saith archgythraul, yn gyfrifol am y pechod marwol o genfigen.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1566,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Anhrefn Leviathan","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Leviathan \u2013 Draig Anhrefn a Gwrthwynebydd y Creu","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Leviathan, sarff wreiddiol y m\u00f4r a ffigwr anhrefn traddodiad Hebraeg: o Job a'r Salmau i apocalyptiaeth Gristnogol.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"5","wesen_kultur":"christentum","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191175","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Leviathan \u2013 Draig Anhrefn a Gwrthwynebydd y Creu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Leviathan, sarff wreiddiol y m\u00f4r a ffigwr anhrefn traddodiad Hebraeg: o Job a&#039;r Salmau i apocalyptiaeth Gristnogol.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/leviathan\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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