{"id":191157,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191157"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"lemures","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/","title":{"rendered":"Lemures"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191157\" class=\"elementor elementor-191157 elementor-844\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lemures, ysbrydion y meirw a'r cartref yng nghrefydd Rhufain<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\nLemures (Lladin: Lemures), meirw diorffwys a g\u0175yl Fai y Lemuria.\nYsbrydion y meirw a&#8217;r cartref yng nghrefydd Rhufain, y cyfeirir atynt hefyd wrth y ffurf Almaeneg Lemuren.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysbryd: Bod anghorfforol neu led-gorfforol, ymadawedig, bod natur, ysbryd cartref neu warcheidwad trothwy. Yn gweithredu ym mywyd bob dydd, yn aml yn gysylltiedig \u00e2 lleoedd neu deuluoedd.\">Ysbryd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/rhufain\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd Rufeinig o gyfnod y brenhinoedd hyd yr hen oes hynafiaethol ddiweddar, syncretistaidd gyda haenau Groegaidd ac Etrwsgaidd.\">Rhufain<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ysbrydion-y-meirw\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ymadawedig y mae eu hysbrydion yn parhau i weithredu yn y byd hwn, ysbrydion cartref, hynafiaid, meirw diorffwys.\">Ysbryd y Meirw<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193612\" alt=\"Lemures - ysbrydion o draddodiad Rhufain, darlun hanesyddol-eglurhaol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lemures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i&#8217;r <em>manes<\/em>, sy&#8217;n cael eu addoli yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Addoliad o ymadawedig teulu fel grym amddiffynnol parhaus.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt hynafiaid<\/span> rheolaidd, ystyrir y Lemures yn beryglus o bosibl: dychwelant i&#8217;r tai, aflonyddant ar gwsg a&#8217;r teulu, a mynnu eu bod yn cael eu tawelu.<\/p><p>Bob blwyddyn ym mis Mai, ar y 9fed, yr 11eg a&#8217;r 13eg, cynhelir g\u0175yl y Lemuria, pryd y mae&#8217;r pen teulu yn gyrru&#8217;r Lemures o&#8217;r t\u0177 trwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol a chylchol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> sefydlog.<\/p><p>Y disgrifiad llenyddol mwyaf adnabyddus a geir gan Ovid yn bumed lyfr ei <em>Fasti<\/em>. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant rheoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag ystyr grefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span>, taflu ffa, llafarganu fformwla, peidio \u00e2 throi i edrych yn \u00f4l, yw un o&#8217;r defodau hynafiaethol manylaf sydd wedi goroesi mewn ffurf ysgrifenedig. Mae ei ddylanwad yn parhau hyd disgrifiadau gwerin-astudiaethol modern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ar Olwg: Lemures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Ysbrydion diorffwys y meirw<br>Tarddiad: Ymadawedig heb angladd cyflawn neu a fu farw&#8217;n dreisgar<br>Testunau: Ovid (<em>Fasti<\/em> V), Horas, Plautus, Persius<br>Cyfnod: O&#8217;r Weriniaeth hyd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trosiannol rhwng yr hen oes a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua'r 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen oes hynafiaethol ddiweddar<\/span><br>Lledaeniad: Yr Eidal, Ymerodraeth Rhufain<br>Amddiffyniad: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol a chylchol.\" tabindex=\"0\">Defod<\/span> Lemuria (Mai), angladd priodol, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">offrwm<\/span> Parentalia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Trosolwg<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r Lemures yn adnabyddus eisoes yng nghyfnod cynnar y Weriniaeth. Yn \u00f4l Ovid, dyddiadur g\u0175yl y Lemuria yw&#8217;r sylfaen fytholegol gan Romulus. Mae&#8217;r ffynonellau llenyddol yn ymestyn o&#8217;r 3edd ganrif CC (Plautus) hyd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trosiannol rhwng yr hen oes a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua'r 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen oes hynafiaethol ddiweddar<\/span>. Yn ddiweddarach, mabwysiadodd awduron Cristnogol y gair hwn ar gyfer ysbrydion dieflig yn gyffredinol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Craidd yn yr Eidal, gyda ymledu Rhufain ar draws yr Ymerodraeth gyfan. Yn y taleithiau, cymysgir y syniad \u00e2 thraddodiadau ysbryd lleol. Mae g\u0175yl y Lemuria yn perthyn i&#8217;r calendr Rufeinig sefydlog.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn ganolog mae <em>Fasti<\/em> V Ovid (479, 492) gyda disgrifiad manwl o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol a chylchol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> y Lemuria. Yn ogystal, cyfeiriadau gan Horas, Persius, Plautus, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Awstin o Hippo (354\u2013430); tad eglwysig Cristnogol, prif weithiau Confessiones a De civitate Dei.\">Awstin<\/span>. Mae arysgrifau am <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Parentalia a chyfraith angladdol yn ategu&#8217;r darlun.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a ffurfiau ysgrifenedig<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Lladin:<\/strong> <em>Lemures<\/em>, fel arfer yn y lluosog; yr unigol <em>lemur<\/em> yn brin.<br>Gwahanwyd o: <em>manes<\/em> (ysbrydion hynafiaid, cadarnhaol), <em>larvae<\/em> (ysbrydion drygionus, yn aml yn gyfystyr \u00e2 Lemures), <em>di inferi<\/em> (duwiau&#8217;r isfyd).<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r tarddiad ieithyddol yn aneglur; mae Ovid yn tynnu&#8217;r enw yn ddamcaniaethol o &#8220;Remus&#8221;. Yn fwy tebygol, deillia o wreiddyn yn golygu &#8220;cysgod&#8221; neu &#8220;ffigwr nos&#8221;. Mae&#8217;r ffin \u00e2&#8217;r Larvae yn amwys; mae rhai awduron yn defnyddio&#8217;r termau yn gyfystyr, tra bo eraill yn cadw Lemures ar gyfer y categori mwy niwtral.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Cysgodol, heb draddodiad delweddol ei hun. Disgrifir hwy yn y llenyddiaeth fel ffigurau gwelw, di-s\u0175n, sy&#8217;n ymddangos mewn breuddwydion neu&#8217;n bresennol trwy synau: cnocio, siffrwd, sibrwd.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddygiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Dychwelant pan esgeuluswyd eu gofal angladdol neu pan fuont farw&#8217;n dreisgar. Aflonyddant ar gwsg, dwyn breuddwydion drwg, dylanwadu ar iechyd aelodau&#8217;r teulu, gwneud tai yn ddychrynllyd.<\/p><p><strong>Maes gweithredu<\/strong><\/p><p>T\u0177&#8217;r teulu a&#8217;r lleoedd lle bu farw. Mewn straeon teithio, weithiau hefyd dafarnau a lleoedd dieithr \u00e2 hanes o farwolaeth dreisgar.<\/p><p><strong>Tarddiad mytholegol<\/strong><\/p><p>Yn \u00f4l Ovid, mae g\u0175yl y Lemuria yn tarddu o Romulus, a fu&#8217;n ceisio dod \u00e2 heddwch i&#8217;w frawd Remus a lofruddiwyd. Yn hanesyddol, mae&#8217;n debygol yn h\u0177n, o darddiad traddodiad cwlt y meirw Italaidd cyn-drefol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Lemures<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y prif nodweddion o&#8217;r Lemures ar olwg. Ceir manylion am yr enw, y disgrifiad, yr amddiffyniad a&#8217;r cymariaethau yn yr adrannau canlynol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad y Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O&#8217;r ymadawedig heb angladd priodol neu a fu farw&#8217;n dreisgar. Nid bod a gr\u00ebwyd, ond person marw dynol yn y sefyllfa anghywir.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cynulleidfa'r Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yn bennaf y teulu ei hun, a fu&#8217;n esgeuluso&#8217;r gofal angladdol. Hefyd trigolion tai \u00e2 hanes treisgar.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad y Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cysgodol, gwelw, di-s\u0175n. Dim patrwm delweddol sefydlog. Fel arfer, profir hwynt yn glywedol neu mewn breuddwyd, yn anamlach yn weladwy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Effaith y Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anhwylderau cwsg, breuddwydion drwg, aflonyddwch yn y t\u0177, salwch yn y teulu. Dim trais sydyn, ond dioddefaint parhaus.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad rhag y Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol, sy'n cael ei hailadrodd yn rheolaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Defod<\/span> Lemuria ym mis Mai: cerdded o gwmpas y t\u0177 yn droednoeth liw nos, taflu ffa duon dros yr ysgwydd, gweiddi naw gwaith &#8220;Manes exite paterni&#8221; (&#8220;Ewch ymaith, ysbrydion y tadau&#8221;). Mae&#8217;r Lemures yn dilyn y ffa allan o&#8217;r t\u0177.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfochrogion Lemures<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (Mesopotamia), Keres (Groeg), ysbrydion newynog (Dwyrain Asia), y meirw&#8217;n dychwelyd (Germanaidd).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymarfer amddiffynnol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Defodau i Amddiffyn<\/strong><\/p><p>G\u0175yl flynyddol Lemuria yw&#8217;r prif ddefod amddiffynnol. Mae tad y t\u0177&#8217;n codi ganol nos, yn golchi ei ddwylo, yn cerdded yn droednoeth trwy&#8217;r t\u0177 ac yn taflu naw ffeuen ddu dros ei ysgwydd heb edrych yn \u00f4l. Mae&#8217;n adrodd y fformwla &#8220;Manes exite paterni&#8221; naw gwaith. Mae&#8217;r ysbrydion yn dilyn y ffa ac yn gadael y t\u0177.<\/p><p><strong>Swynion<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae fformwla&#8217;r Lemuria yn fyr ac wedi&#8217;i sefydlu. Yn ogystal, mae fformwl\u00e2u byrion a drosglwyddwyd ar lafar ar gyfer glanhau&#8217;r t\u0177 ac amddiffyn cwsg. Gall defixiones yn erbyn gelynion personol alw ar y Lemures yn benodol.<\/p><p><strong>Amuledau a Symbolau Amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p><p>Marciau drws o bowdr ffa du (prin). Allorau&#8217;r cartref gyda ffigurau&#8217;r Lares, sydd hefyd yn cynrychioli trefn y t\u0177. Mae <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberthau<\/span> Parentalia rheolaidd ym mis Chwefror yn cadw&#8217;r hynafiaid yn drugarog ac felly&#8217;n cadw&#8217;r rhai anesmwyth draw.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lemures, cyfochrogion mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Mesopotamia<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Edimmu yn baralel agos: ysbryd marw anesmwyth oherwydd claddedigaeth a esgeuluswyd neu farwolaeth dreisgar. Mewn dwy draddodiad, cyflawnir yr amddiffyniad drwy gyflawni&#8217;r ddyletswydd ddefodol na chwblhawyd, ym Mesopotamia yn arbennig drwy&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol sy'n ailadrodd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> <em>kispu<\/em>.<\/p><p><strong>Groeg:<\/strong> Mae&#8217;r Keres a therminoleg ddiweddarach ar gyfer eneidiau anesmwyth yn gweithredu mewn ffordd debyg, heb \u0175yl gymharol systematig fel y Lemuria. Trefnir cwlt y meirw mewn modd mwy datganoledig yng Ngroeg.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Credoau a defodau crefyddol sy'n gyffredin ym mywyd bob dydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cred Werin<\/span> Ewropeaidd:<\/strong> Adfywiaid, motiffau poltergeist, ysbrydion cartref, ym mhob un o&#8217;r traddodiadau hyn mae strwythur sylfaenol y Lemures yn parhau i weithredu: gofal esgeulus am y meirw fel achos, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres drefnus o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag ystyr grefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">defod<\/span> fel yr ateb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8b5b61c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp8b5b61c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b5a460 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b5a460\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Lemuria: trefn y ddefod t\u0177 nosol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp12b0fc3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp12b0fc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp714177b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp714177b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ofid a rydd y disgrifiad manylaf o&#8217;r \u0175yl a gysegrwyd i&#8217;r Lemures yn ei waith <em>Fasti<\/em> (Llyfr 5, llinellau 419 i 492). Roedd y <em>Lemuria<\/em> yn digwydd ar 9, 11 a 13 Mai, hynny yw ar ddiwrnodau odrif, a ystyrid yn anffodus yn y calendr Rhufeinig.<\/p><p>Ar y nosweithiau hyn, tybid bod y meirw aflonydd, y rhai na chawsant gladdedigaeth briodol na disgynyddion i gynnal eu coffadwriaeth, yn crwydro&#8217;r t\u0177.<\/p><p>Mae Ofid yn disgrifio&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol, sy'n cael ei hailadrodd yn rheolaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> fel dyletswydd y <em>pater familias<\/em>. Ganol nos, byddai&#8217;n codi&#8217;n droednoeth, yn gwneud arwydd \u00e2&#8217;i fawd a&#8217;i fysedd caeedig i wrthsefyll y cysgodion, ac yn golchi ei ddwylo deirgwaith mewn ffynnon.<\/p><p>Yna byddai&#8217;n cymryd ffa duon i&#8217;w geg, yn troi ei ben i&#8217;r ochr arall ac yn eu taflu dros ei ysgwydd. Wrth wneud hynny, byddai&#8217;n llafarganu naw gwaith: haec ego mitto; his redimo meque meosque fabis. Ystyr hyn yw yn fras: &#8220;Rwy&#8217;n taflu&#8217;r ffa hyn; \u00e2&#8217;r ffa hyn rwy&#8217;n prynu&#8217;n rhydd fy hun a&#8217;m teulu.&#8221; Roedd disgwyl i&#8217;r cysgodion gasglu&#8217;r ffa o&#8217;r tu \u00f4l iddo, heb iddo edrych yn \u00f4l.<\/p><p>Yna byddai&#8217;n glanhau ei hun eto \u00e2 d\u0175r, yn taro llestri pres ac yn galw ar yr ysbrydion naw gwaith i adael y t\u0177: <em>manes exite paterni<\/em>. Dim ond wedyn y c\u00e2i droi ei ben; ystyrid bod y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol, sy'n cael ei hailadrodd yn rheolaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> wedi&#8217;i chyflawni a&#8217;r t\u0177 wedi&#8217;i lanhau.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ymchwil yn gweld yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferiad a drosglwyddwyd ac a ailadroddir yn rheolaidd mewn cymuned.\" tabindex=\"0\">arferiad<\/span> hwn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dilyniant trefnedig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd ag arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> apotrop\u00e4ig, y mae ei elfennau unigol, cerdded yn droednoeth, croesi&#8217;r trothwy, y s\u0175n pres a&#8217;r rhif naw, yn nodweddion sy&#8217;n dogfennwyd yn eang mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar drefn pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformwl\u00e2u penodol.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span> hynafol.<\/p><p>Ystyrid ffa yn Rhufain fel bwyd \u00e2 chysylltiad arbennig \u00e2&#8217;r meirw; ymwrthododd y Pythagoreaid hwythau \u00e2 bwyta ffa. Disgrifiad Ofid yw&#8217;r ffynhonnell bwysicaf, ond ar y llaw arall mae&#8217;n ffynhonnell lenyddol ddiweddar a allai fod wedi ychwanegu addurniadau at arferiad h\u0177n. Ni ellir bod yn sicr, ar sail hyn yn unig, pa mor eang oedd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Gweithred grefyddol benodol, sy'n cael ei hailadrodd yn rheolaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> hon mewn gwirionedd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpd4641e7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpd4641e7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp0ad70dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp0ad70dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lemures, Manes a Larvae: gwahaniaethu rhwng dosbarthau'r meirw<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp37fae02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp37fae02\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp8a7fa6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp8a7fa6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roedd gan fyd-olwg y Rhufeiniaid nifer o dermau ar gyfer y meirw a&#8217;r ysbrydion angau, termau a oedd yn gorgyffwrdd yn rhannol ac a drafodir hyd heddiw yn ymchwil ysgolheigaidd. Y <em>di manes<\/em> oedd yr ysbrydion cyndeidiol a gaent eu haddoli ar y cyd, ac a oedd yn gyffredinol garedig. Iddynt hwy y cysegrwyd arysgrifau bedd \u00e2&#8217;r fformwla <em>dis manibus<\/em>. Iddynt hwy y cynhelid g\u0175yl y <em>Parentalia<\/em> ym mis Chwefror, cyfnod o ofal heddychlon dros y meirw.<\/p><p>Ar y llaw arall, yn \u00f4l y dehongliad cyffredin, cyfeiriai&#8217;r <em>lemures<\/em> at y meirw diorffwys a pheryglus o bosibl, y meirw nad oeddent wedi cael llonydd. Ceisiodd gramadegwyr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">clasurol<\/span> ac awduron diweddarach wahaniaethu dosbarth pellach: y <em>larvae<\/em>, ysbrydion niweidiol a dychrynllyd, a gysylltid ar brydiau \u00e2&#8217;r Lemures.<\/p><p>Yn ei waith <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> (Llyfr 9), cyfeiria Awstin at gyfundrefn a geir gan yr athronydd Apuleius: gelwid enaid person marw yn <em>lemur<\/em>; os ymddangosai&#8217;n garedig i&#8217;w ddisgynyddion, deuai&#8217;n <em>lar familiaris<\/em>; os ymddangosai&#8217;n gosbol, deuai&#8217;n <em>larva<\/em>; ac os oedd yn aros yn amwys, heb wybod ai da neu ddrwg, cyfeirid ato fel <em>di manes<\/em>.<\/p><p>Fodd bynnag, cyfundrefn ddiweddar a lliw athronyddol iddi yw hon, ac nid yw&#8217;n adlewyrchu&#8217;n dda gred fyw&#8217;r Weriniaeth gynt. Mae&#8217;r ffynonellau&#8217;n anghyson, a hyd yn oed awduron <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">clasurol<\/span> oeddent yn ymwybodol o&#8217;r amwysedd hwn.<\/p><p>Mae ysgolheigion astudiaethau crefydd modern fel Franz Cumont, a ymchwilwyr diweddarach i grefydd angau&#8217;r Rhufeiniaid, yn pwysleisio nad categor\u00efau sefydlog yw&#8217;r termau hyn ond yn hytrach ddisgrifiadau hydwyth ar gyfer gwahanol agweddau ar y cyflwr o fod farw.<\/p><p>I&#8217;r sawl sy&#8217;n chwilio am fwy o wybodaeth am yr ysbrydion t\u0177 amddiffynnol, ceir gwybodaeth bellach dan y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/laren-ysbrydion-gwarcheidiol-y-cartref\/\">Laren<\/a>; am gymhariaeth Eifftaidd o farw diorffwys, gweler y syniadau ynghylch <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/apophis\/\">y drefn a osodwyd ar yr anhrefnus<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf2931f4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf2931f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpef6ffee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpef6ffee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Geirdarddiad a hen ymgeisiadau at ddehongli<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp91fbef8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp91fbef8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp4cf35ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp4cf35ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid yw tarddiad y gair <em>lemures<\/em> yn sicr. Yn barod yn yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, o gwmpas 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">Henfyd<\/span>, roedd esboniadau ar led a oedd yn dueddol o fod yn eirdarddiaeth boblogaidd yn hytrach nag yn ieithyddol gadarn.<\/p><p>Yn ei waith <em>Fasti<\/em>, mae Ofydd yn deillio enw&#8217;r \u0175yl <em>Lemuria<\/em> o hen ffurf gyfeiriedig, <em>Remuria<\/em>, ac yn ei gysylltu \u00e2 Remus, brawd a lofruddiwyd gan Romulus, y dywedir bod ei <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Endid corfforol nad oes ganddo gorff, ond y priodolir dylanwad iddo yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ysbryd<\/span> diorffwys wedi cael ei dawelu drwy ddefod bwrpasol o gymod. Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad hwn yn adeiladwaith llenyddol ac ystyrir ef yn anhanesyddol gan ysgolheigion.<\/p><p>O safbwynt ieithyddol, ystyrir cysylltiad posibl \u00e2 geiriau Groeg am ddigwyddiadau brawychus y nos, ond mae&#8217;r geirdarddiad yn parhau&#8217;n destun dadl. Cred rhai ysgolheigion mewn tarddiad cyn-Ladinaidd, o bosibl nad yw&#8217;n Indo-Ewropeaidd, ac ystyrir hyn yn ddigon credadwy o ystyried statws crefyddol arbennig y term; ond nid oes tystiolaeth bendant.<\/p><p>Yn fwy hysbysol na tharddiad y gair yw&#8217;r ffaith bod <em>lemures<\/em> yn ymddangos yn brin iawn yn y ffurf unigol, ac ychydig y tu allan i gyd-destunau seremon\u00efol neu ysgolheigaidd. Mae&#8217;r gair yn perthyn i faes y calendr a chrefydd y t\u0177, nid i naratif mytholegol. Nid oes chwedlau go iawn am y Lemures, dim genealogeg, dim hanesion am Lemures unigol wedi&#8217;u henwi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Mae&#8217;r nodwedd hon yn eu gwahaniaethu&#8217;n glir oddi wrth dduwiau a heroesau&#8217;r pantheon Groegaidd-Rufeinig, ac yn eu gosod yn nes at dermau cyfunol seremon\u00efol fel <em>manes<\/em>. Deillia&#8217;r defnydd s\u0175olegol modern o&#8217;r enw ar gyfer y lemur Madagascaraidd o waith Carl von Linn\u00e9, a enwodd y creaduriaid nosol, tebyg i ysbrydion, ym 1758 ar \u00f4l ysbrydion angau&#8217;r Rhufeiniaid.<\/span><\/p><p>Nid oes cysylltiad rhwng y drosglwyddiad enw hwn a chrefydd yr Henfyd, ond mae&#8217;n dangos pa mor fyw oedd y syniad o&#8217;r Lemures o hyd yn nhraddodiad ysgolheigaidd cyfnod cynnar y Dadeni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe6686a6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe6686a6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1b3d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2b1b3d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Lemures yn llenyddiaeth Ladin y tu hwnt i Ofydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp308011f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp308011f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp7c0df33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp7c0df33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y tu hwnt i ddisgrifiad g\u0175yl Ofydd, mae&#8217;r Lemures ond yn ymddangos yn achlysurol yn llenyddiaeth yr Henfyd, sy&#8217;n tanlinellu eu safle ymylol yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Chwedl a drosglwyddwyd am dduwiau, gwreiddiau a threfn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">chwedloniaeth<\/span> naratif.<\/p><p>Mae Horas yn eu crybwyll yn ei <em>Epistolau<\/em> (Llyfr 2, Llythyr 2), yn ddigyswllt, mewn rhestr o bethau brawychus y nos: ochr yn ochr \u00e2 breuddwydion, ofnau hudol, rhyfeddodau Thesal\u00efaidd a gwrachod, saif y <em>nocturni lemures<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r darn hwn yn dangos bod y gair, yn iaith y bobl ddiwylliedig o gyfnod cynnar y Principate, wedi gallu gwasanaethu fel diweddiad o&#8217;r arswyd ysbrydol yn gyffredinol, heb olygu unrhyw <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> penodol.<\/p><p>Yng ngwaith Persius ac yn rhyddiaith ddiweddarach, ymddengys y term o dro i dro yng ngoblygiad &#8220;ysbryd&#8221; neu &#8220;ddelwedd frawychus&#8221;.<\/p><p>Er bod y dramodwr comedi Plautus wedi enwi&#8217;i ddrama am d\u0177 ysbrydion yn <em>Mostellaria<\/em>, ar \u00f4l <em>mostellum<\/em>, math bach o anghenfil, mae&#8217;r pwnc ei hun yn dangos bod y syniad o farw diorffwys yn poeni t\u0177 yn wedi gwreiddio&#8217;n gadarn ym meddwl bob-dydd y Rhufeiniaid.<\/p><p>Manteisiodd awduron Cristnogol y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod trosiannol rhwng yr Henfyd a'r Oesoedd Canol, o gwmpas y 3edd i'r 7fed ganrif\" tabindex=\"0\">Henfyd Diweddar<\/span> ar y term er mwyn categoreiddio neu ddi-fri sylwedd credoau paganaidd am ysbrydion. Fel y crybwyllwyd, defnyddia Awstin ef o fewn cyfundrefn ddemonolegol. Yn gyffredinol, y darlun sydd i&#8217;w gael yw bod y Lemures yn bresennol yn llenyddol yn bennaf fel elfen o awyrgylch ac fel gair ysgolheigaidd, yn hytrach nag fel testun naratifau wedi&#8217;u datblygu&#8217;n llawn.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r sefyllfa ffynonellau hon yn gorfodi ysgolheigion i ail-adeiladu ystyr grefyddol y Lemures ar sail y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sy'n meddu ar arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol\" tabindex=\"0\">ddefod<\/span> a&#8217;r calendr, yn bennaf. Trafodir meirw diorffwys tebyg o ddiwylliannau eraill yn yr erthyglau am ffigyrau perthynol fel y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/larvae\/\">Larven<\/a> a&#8217;r <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/manes-ysbrydion-dwyfoledig-y-meirw\/\">Manen<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe936fb5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpe936fb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpbbdd01e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpbbdd01e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hanes yr ymchwil: o gred mewn ysbrydion i astudiaethau crefydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6409ee5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp6409ee5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cped34b1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cped34b1c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mae&#8217;r astudiaeth wyddonol o&#8217;r Lemures yn gysylltiedig yn agos \u00e2 datblygiad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y wyddoniaeth sy'n astudio crefyddau'n gymharol ac heb ymrwymiad ffydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Astudiaethau Crefydd<\/span> yn y 19eg ganrif a dechrau&#8217;r 20fed ganrif.<\/p><p>Yn yr ymchwil gynharach, ystyrid y Lemures fel tystiolaeth o &#8220;gred mewn ysbrydion&#8221; gyntefig a rhagdduwiol tebygol, y datblygodd crefydd uwch ohono yn ddiweddarach. Llywiodd y farn esblygiadol hon, er enghraifft, y gwaith yng nghylch Edward Burnett Tylor a&#8217;i gysyniad o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y syniad bod gan anifeiliaid, planhigion a phethau enaid hyd yn oed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Animistiaeth<\/span>.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Yn benodol i&#8217;r grefydd Rufeinig, roedd astudiaethau Georg Wissowa yn ganolog, a&#8217;i lawlyfr <em>Religion und Kultus der R\u00f6mer<\/em> (1902, ail argraffiad 1912) a osododd y Lemuria o fewn calendr sefydlog crefydd wladwriaethol Rufain. Pwysleisiodd Wissowa a&#8217;i olynwyr y cymeriad seremon\u00efol, fformwlaidd, gan rybuddio yn erbyn tynnu allan o&#8217;r Lemures unrhyw ddysgeidiaeth ffurfiedig am fywyd ar \u00f4l marwolaeth.<\/span><\/p><p>Manylodd ymchwilwyr diweddarach fel Kurt Latte yn <em>R\u00f6mische Religionsgeschichte<\/em> (1960) ar y darlun ymhellach, gan osod gwyliau&#8217;r meirw o fewn crefydd y cartref a swyddogaeth gymdeithasol gofal am y cynafaid.<\/p><p>Mae ymchwil fwy diweddar, er enghraifft yng nghylch gwaith John Scheid ar arfer <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Rhodd i dduwdod i fynegi diolch, cais neu addoliad.\" tabindex=\"0\">aberth<\/span> a gwyliau Rufeinig, yn pwysleisio llai y cwestiwn o &#8220;gred&#8221; ac yn fwy y rhesymeg seremon\u00efol: beth wnaeth y penteulu, a pha drefn gymdeithasol a chalendraidd a sefydlodd wrth wneud hynny.<\/p><p>Erys y cwestiwn am oedran a lledaeniad gwreiddiol y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Weithred grefyddol benodol, ailadroddus.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremoni<\/span> a ddisgrifiwyd gan Ovid yn agored hyd heddiw. Gan fod Ovid yn unig ffynhonnell gyson a&#8217;i fod yn gweithio&#8217;n lenyddol, ni ellir penderfynu&#8217;n bendant faint ohono oedd arfer byw a faint oedd ailgread ysgolheigaidd o gyfnod Awgwstws.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp192c1c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp192c1c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpec649d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpec649d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Y Lemuria yng nghalendr gwyliau Rufeinig a'i swyddogaeth gymdeithasol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp1fd7767 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp1fd7767\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp947f508 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp947f508\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid oedd y <em>Lemuria<\/em> yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferiad a drosglwyddwyd ac a ailadroddwyd yn rheolaidd o fewn cymuned.\" tabindex=\"0\">arferiad<\/span> ynysig, ond yn rhan o galendr gwyliau strwythuredig a rannai berthynas Rhufain \u00e2&#8217;r meirw yn ddwy egwyddor.<\/p><p>Ym mis Chwefror roedd y <em>Parentalia<\/em>, cyfnod o ofal tyner a heddychlon at eu meirw eu hunain, a ddaeth i ben \u00e2&#8217;r <em>Feralia<\/em>. Roedd y <em>Lemuria<\/em> ym mis Mai yn wrthgyferbyniad i hyn: nid gofal oedd y pwynt yma, ond amddiffyn a datgysylltu.<\/p><p>Marciodd calendr Rhufain dridiau&#8217;r Lemuria fel <em>nefasti<\/em>, hynny yw diwrnodau pan roedd gweithgareddau swyddogol cyhoeddus yn cael eu hatal. Dywed y ffynonellau hefyd fod y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Adeilad a ddefnyddir ar gyfer addoli un neu fwy o dduwdodau.\" tabindex=\"0\">temlau<\/span> yn cau yn ystod y Lemuria ac nad oedd priodasau&#8217;n cael eu cynnal; ystyriwyd Mai felly&#8217;n fis anlwcus i briodi, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Term dilornus am syniadau a ystyrir yn grefyddol heb sail.\" tabindex=\"0\">ofergoeliaeth<\/span> a barhaodd i raddau hyd i&#8217;r cyfnod modern.<\/p><p>Mae swyddogaeth gymdeithasol y g\u0175yl yn hawdd i&#8217;w deall. Roedd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Weithred grefyddol benodol, ailadroddus.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremoni<\/span> yn fater i&#8217;r cartref, nid i&#8217;r wladwriaeth, ac roedd yn cael ei chyflawni gan y <em>pater familias<\/em> ar ran y teulu cyfan.<\/p><p>Trwy hynny, cadarnhaodd y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd o arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremoni<\/span> bob blwyddyn r\u00f4l y penteulu fel pennaeth crefyddol, ac ar y pryd tynnodd linell glir rhwng aelodau&#8217;r t\u0177 byw a&#8217;r meirw nad oeddent wedi eu cynnwys.<\/p><p>Roedd pwy bynnag a gladdwyd yn briodol ac a gofiwyd gan ddisgynyddion yn perthyn i&#8217;r <em>manes<\/em> ac felly&#8217;n parhau&#8217;n rhan o&#8217;r teulu; pwy bynnag nad oedd, gyrrwyd allan o&#8217;r t\u0177 yn symbolaidd bob blwyddyn fel <em>lemur<\/em>.<\/p><p>Cyflawnodd y Lemuria felly waith trefnu deuol, un amserol yn y calendr ac un cymdeithasol ym mherthynas y byw a&#8217;r meirw. Mae&#8217;r cysylltiad hwn rhwng <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfres reoledig o weithredoedd symbolaidd sydd o arwyddoc\u00e2d crefyddol neu ddiwylliannol.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremoni<\/span> a strwythur cymdeithasol yn ganolog i ddeall crefydd cartref Rufeinig, yn fwy na dyfaliad am ymddangosiad y Lemures eu hunain.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolenni mewnol argymelledig:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/rhufain\/\">Rhufain<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/larvae\/\">Larvae<\/a> (perthnasau agos)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/edimmu\/\">Edimmu<\/a> (cyfochr Mesopotamaidd)<\/li><li>Parentalia a Lemuria (calendr gwyliau)<\/li><li>Dychwelwyr o farw a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Syniadau ac arferion crefyddol sy'n gyffredin mewn bywyd bob dydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cred werin<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Detholiad o waith canolog ar y Lemures ac addoliad y meirw Rufeinig:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Scheid, John: <em>Religion et pi\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 Rome<\/em>. Paris 1985.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Toynbee, Jocelyn M. C.: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.jhu.edu\/books\/title\/1410\/death-and-burial-roman-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Death and Burial in the Roman World<\/a><\/em>. London 1971.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Fantham, Elaine: <em>Ovid: Fasti, Book IV<\/em>. Cambridge 1998 (gyda sylwebaeth ar Lyfr V).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Dumezil, Georges: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.payot-rivages.fr\/payot\/livre\/la-religion-romaine-archa%C3%AFque-9782228892971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">La religion romaine archa\u00efque<\/a><\/em>. Paris 1966.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Llyfryddiaeth safonol (Rhufain):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Walde, Christine (Gol.)<\/strong>: <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rufeinig, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">Hynafiaeth<\/span> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o ddiwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">Mytholeg<\/span>. Personau, Them\u00e2u, Motiffau. Stuttgart 2008.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Mwy o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">Llyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lemures-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-lemures-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-lemures\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-lemures-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-lemures-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Mae&#8217;r arfer amddiffynnol a ddisgrifir yma yn ddehongliad astudiaethau crefydd o draddodiadau hanesyddol. Mae iWell Guard yn cysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r llinyn hanesyddol-ddiwylliannol hwn o wrthrychau amddiffynnol a wisgir, ac yn cynrychioli ffurf gyfoes ohono. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1644,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lemures","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lemures - Ysbrydion y Meirw a'r Cartref yng Nghrefydd Rhufain","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"2","wesen_kultur":"rom","wesen_klasse":"geister","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-191157","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lemures - Ysbrydion y Meirw a&#039;r Cartref yng Nghrefydd Rhufain<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i&#039;r manes, sy&#039;n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lemures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i&#039;r manes, sy&#039;n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/\",\"name\":\"Lemures - Ysbrydion y Meirw a'r Cartref yng Nghrefydd Rhufain\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_rom_lemures.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_rom_lemures.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_rom_lemures.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Ysbrydion o draddodiad Rhufain.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?page_id=191134\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Lemures\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cy\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ralf Ittermann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f\"},\"headline\":\"Lemures\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-07T07:25:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cy\\\/lemures\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/geister_rom_lemures.webp\",\"inLanguage\":\"cy\",\"description\":\"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Lemures - Ysbrydion y Meirw a'r Cartref yng Nghrefydd Rhufain","description":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Lemures","og_description":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Lemures","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd..."},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/","name":"Lemures - Ysbrydion y Meirw a'r Cartref yng Nghrefydd Rhufain","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","description":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cy","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Ysbrydion o draddodiad Rhufain."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?page_id=191134"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Lemures"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cy"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f","name":"Ralf Ittermann","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cy","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/073c0153e350a5005b68eb752b445fea71f6b24a26da9449ad7e155e6b446c9d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Ralf Ittermann"},"givenName":"Ralf","familyName":"Ittermann","jobTitle":"Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/author\/claude\/","description":"Ralf Ittermann ist Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer der Ittermann electronic GmbH und redaktioneller Verantwortlicher des iWell-Guard-Lexikons. Er verbindet langj\u00e4hrige Erfahrung in der Pr\u00e4zisionsfertigung mit medialer Praxis und religionsgeschichtlicher Quellenarbeit.","worksFor":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/ittermann.de\/","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","streetAddress":"K\u00f6hlergasse 16-18","postalCode":"99842","addressLocality":"Ruhla","addressCountry":"DE"}},"knowsAbout":["Religionsgeschichte","Mythologie","Mediale Praxis","Energetische Diagnostik","Schutzpraxis","Volksglauben","Westliche Esoterik"]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/"},"author":{"name":"Ralf Ittermann","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#\/schema\/person\/ee2a27f1cac3406c7c6fb5820cb7349f"},"headline":"Lemures","datePublished":"2026-09-07T07:25:08+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/lemures\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_rom_lemures.webp","inLanguage":"cy","description":"Y Lemures yw ysbrydion diorffwys neu ddrygionus y meirw yn nhraddodiad Rhufain. Yn wahanol i'r manes, sy'n cael eu addoli yn y cwlt hynafiaid rheolaidd..."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191157","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=191157"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/191157\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=191157"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=191157"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}