{"id":191155,"date":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=191155"},"modified":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T07:29:24","slug":"erinyes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/erinyes\/","title":{"rendered":"Erinyes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"191155\" class=\"elementor elementor-191155 elementor-842\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fdade e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"10fdade\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herohlft0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herohlft0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3ceb64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c3ceb64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96ae5e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"96ae5e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Erinyes, ysbryd traddodiad Groeg<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e45238a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e45238a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ysbryd yw&#8217;r Erinyes yn nhraddodiad Groeg, sef <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bod anghorfforol y priodolir dylanwad iddo yn y byd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ysbryd<\/span>.<\/p><p><strong>Y dialyddion, erlidwyr euogrwydd gwaed y byd Groegaidd.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"dif-erinyen\">Yr Erinyes fel erlidwyr euogrwydd gwaed mamol<\/h2>\n<p>Personolir yr Erinyes (Lladin <em>Furiae<\/em>, Almaeneg \u201eRacheg\u00f6ttinnen\u201c) yn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> Roeg fel tair chwaer, <strong>Alekto, Megaira a Tisiphone<\/strong>. Fe&#8217;u ganwyd o&#8217;r gwaed a ddiferodd ar Gaia pan gastradwyd Uranos wrth iddo syrthio (Hesiod, Theogoni 183). Maes eu gweithgarwch yn bennaf yw erlid <strong>troseddau euogrwydd gwaed mamol<\/strong>, sef mamladdiad, lladd perthnasau, a llwon toredig i rieni.<\/p><p>Eu golygfa baradeimatig yw <strong>erlid Orestes<\/strong> ar \u00f4l llofruddio Clytemnestra (Aeschylus, Yr Eumenides). Ar gymhelliad Athena, cyferfydd llys yr Areopagus, rhyddheir Orestes, a chorfforir yr Erinyes fel yr <strong>Eumenides<\/strong> (\u201ey rhai hynaws\u201c) i mewn i gwlt dinas Athen.<\/p><p>Eiconograffeg: gwisgoedd du, gwallt neidr, chwipiau tebyg i fflangelli, a ffaglau. Yn y <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> Rhufeinig, cyfunwyd hwy&#8217;n gwltiadd fel Furiae neu Dirae, gyda&#8217;u hardal deml eu hunain ar fryn Caelius.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klsbdg01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"klsbdg01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-klshtm01 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"klshtm01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysbryd: Bod anghorfforol neu led-gorfforol, ymadawedig, bodau natur, ysbrydion t\u0177 neu warcheidwaid trothwy. Yn gweithredu ym mywyd bob dydd, yn aml ynghlwm \u00e2 lleoedd neu deuluoedd.\">Ysbryd<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Crefydd a mytholeg Groeg hynafol o'r cyfnod Mycenaidd hyd ddiwedd yr hen fyd.\">Groeg<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/ysbrydion-dial\/\" class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ysbrydion sy'n gweinyddu dial, ymlidwyr llw torredig, llofruddiaeth neu euogrwydd gwaed.\">Ysbryd Dial<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f74855 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3f74855\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c30362 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"1c30362\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Ni chanfuwyd unrhyw benawdau ar y dudalen hon.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tCynnwys\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__1c30362\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-herorght0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"herorght0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimg00 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimg00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_erinyen-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-193575\" alt=\"Erinyes - ysbrydion o draddodiad Groeg, darluniadol-hanesyddol\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_erinyen-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_erinyen-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_erinyen-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/geister_griechenland_erinyen.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32917199 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"32917199\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e916cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"26e916cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-253a40d4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"253a40d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1200c304 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1200c304\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Erinyes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11758e7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"11758e7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yr Erinyes yw&#8217;r ffigurau mwyaf hynafol o ddemonoleg Roegaidd. Tair chwaer, Alekto, Megaira a Tisiphone, wedi eu geni o waed Ouranos wedi&#8217;i sbaddu, sy&#8217;n ymlid euogrwydd gwaed, anudon a thorri parch teuluol. Lle bynnag y trawant, gyrrant y troseddwr yn wallgof nes iddo gael ei farnu neu ei buro&#8217;n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i drefn benodedig o weithred grefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremon\u00efol<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ceir eu darlun llenyddol mwyaf amlwg yn Oresteia Aischylos, lle maent yn ymlid Orestes hyd Athen ar \u00f4l llofruddiaeth ei fam. Yno, trwy ddyfarniad dwyfol a ailgysegru cwltaidd, c\u00e2nt eu trawsnewid yn Eumenides, &#8220;y rhai llawn ewyllys da&#8221;, un o&#8217;r trawsnewidiadau mwyaf clasurol mewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y chwedlau am dduwiau a drosglwyddwyd o fewn diwylliant.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytholeg<\/span> hynafol.<\/p><div><p><strong>Yr Erinyes yn Oresteia Aischylos<\/strong><\/p><p>Trasiedi Aischylos <em>Yr Eumenides<\/em> (458 CC) sy&#8217;n dangos yr Erinyes yn eu ffurf ddramatig fwyaf adnabyddus: fel ffigurau benywaidd arswydus \u00e2 nadroedd yn lle gwallt, llygaid yn llosgi a gwaed llaith ar eu gruddiau.<\/p><p>Maent yn ymlid Orestes, a laddodd ei fam Clytaimnestra, yn ddidostur ar draws gwledydd a moroedd. Ni ddarlunia Aischylos hwy&#8217;n bwerau cosbol yn unig, ond fel duwiau hynafol \u00e2&#8217;u hurddas a&#8217;u rhesymeg eu hunain.<\/p><p>Yn y ddrama, c\u00e2nt eu tawelu yn y diwedd gan ddyfarniad Athena a&#8217;u hintegreiddio i drefn ddinesig Athen; deuant yn <em>Eumenides<\/em>, y rhai llawn ewyllys da. Mae&#8217;r trawsnewid hwn yn nodi&#8217;r trosglwyddiad o ddial gwaed garw, anhrefnus i gyfiawnder wedi&#8217;i sefydliadoli. Mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn cynrychioli&#8217;r drefn gyfreithiol h\u0177n, chthonig, a ddisodlir gan strwythurau rhesymegol-democrataidd.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-159dcf9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"159dcf9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48cee66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48cee66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil byr: Erinyes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f50d82c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f50d82c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Math:<\/strong> Cythreulesau dial, gwarcheidwaid trefn y gwaed<br>Tarddiad: Gwaed Ouranos wedi&#8217;i sbaddu (Hesiod)<br>Enwau: Alekto, Megaira, Tisiphone<br>Testunau: Homer, Hesiod, Aischylos, Euripides, Vergil<br>Cyfnod: O&#8217;r cyfnod hynafol hyd yr <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod pontio rhwng yr hen fyd a'r Oesoedd Canol, tua 3edd i 7fed ganrif.\" tabindex=\"0\">hen fyd hwyr<\/span><br>Amddiffyniad \/ Cymod: Seremon\u00efau puro, trawsnewidiad Aischylos i Eumenides, cwlt yn Athen<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18613602 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"18613602\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-262b8a9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"262b8a9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dosbarthiad hanesyddol<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46dcb7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"46dcb7d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61d3ab3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"61d3ab3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-117c166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"117c166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyfnod y Testunau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-73997a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"73997a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y tystiolaethau cynharaf yng ngwaith Homer (Iliad, Odyssey) fel dialwyr anudon ac euogrwydd gwaed. Mae Hesiod yn rhoi&#8217;r linach. Mae Oresteia Aischylos (458 CC) yn llunio&#8217;r ffigwr clasurol. Mae Euripides ac awduron Rhufeinig (Vergil, Seneca) yn datblygu&#8217;r darlun ymhellach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d47b156 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d47b156\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff38c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff38c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ardal Ledaeniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e49fcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4e49fcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ardal ddiwylliannol Roegaidd. Fel Eumenides, mae ganddynt <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoliad duw.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span> bwysig yn Athen ar yr Areopagus, ac un arall yn Sikyon. Mae&#8217;r derbyniad Rhufeinig yn eu mabwysiadu fel Dirae a Furiae i mewn i&#8217;r repertoire Lladin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db03c39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db03c39\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-229a87b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"229a87b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f471fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1f471fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sail y Ffynonellau<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36b1201 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36b1201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y ffynhonnell lenyddol bennaf yw&#8217;r Oresteia. Ynghyd \u00e2 hynny mae peintiadau f\u00e2s (Erinyes \u00e2 gwallt neidr a ffagliau), arysgrifau o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd o addoliad crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yr Eumenides, a chyfeiriadau rhethregol ac athronyddol gan Platon ac awduron diweddarach.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ae0637c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3ae0637c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31d07739 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31d07739\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Enw a Fersiynau<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7642947 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7642947\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a086266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a086266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Groeg:<\/strong> <em>\u1f18\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Erinyes).<br>Ewffemistaidd: <em>\u0395\u1f50\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2<\/em> (Eumenides, &#8220;y rhai llawn ewyllys da&#8221;), <em>\u03a3\u03b5\u03bc\u03bd\u03b1\u03af<\/em> (Semnai, &#8220;y rhai anrhydeddus&#8221;).<br>Enwau unigol: Alekto (y na orffwysa erioed), Megaira (yr eiddigus), Tisiphone (y dialwraig llofruddiaeth).<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r ewffemistiaeth yn nodweddiadol: mae eu grym mor fawr nes na fyddai neb yn dymuno eu galw wrth eu henw uniongyrchol. Mae&#8217;r trawsnewid yn Eumenides yn ddrama Aischylos yn gyfystyr \u00e2 sefydlu cwlt: yn lle eu dinistrio, c\u00e2nt eu hintegreiddio&#8217;n <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Yn perthyn i drefn benodedig o weithred grefyddol.\" tabindex=\"0\">seremon\u00efol<\/span> i drefn y polis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709a44a8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"709a44a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f585873 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2f585873\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Disgrifiad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70621c12 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"70621c12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4296eb49 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4296eb49\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Ymddangosiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Merched adeiniog \u00e2 gwallt neidr, ffaglau a chwipiau; gwisgoedd tywyll, llygaid yn diferu gwaed. Ym mheintiadau fasys clasurol fe&#8217;u portreedir yn wynebol, yn arswydus ond ag urddas ffurfiol. Nid ydynt yn fodau nos hardd fel Empusa; mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn agored arswydus.<\/p><p><strong>Ymddygiad<\/strong><\/p><p>Maent yn erlid y trosedd\u00adwr yn systematig, yn aml am flynyddoedd. Maent yn gyrru dyn yn wallgof, yn dwyn cwsg oddi arno, ac yn ei arwain i unigedd. Nid yw eu grym yn dod i ben gyda marwolaeth: maent yn erlid eneidiau hyd yn oed i&#8217;r isfyd, hyd nes cyflawnir iawn.<\/p><p><strong>Maes dylanwad<\/strong><\/p><p>Euogrwydd gwaed (yn enwedig o fewn y teulu), anudoniaeth, torri awdurdod rhieni, hawl lletygarwch, ac erfyniad am nawdd. Eu maes yw&#8217;r trosedd foesol anfaddeuadwy.<\/p><p><strong>Tarddiad mytholegol<\/strong><\/p><p>O waed Uranos wedi&#8217;i gastradu (Hesiod, Theogoni), ac felly&#8217;n h\u0177n na&#8217;r duwiau Olympaidd. Maent yn cynrychioli trefn gyfiawnder chthonig, cyn-Olympaidd, sy&#8217;n gosod terfynau hyd yn oed ar y duwiau.<\/p><div><p><strong>Yr Erinyes a&#8217;r Furiau yn nhraddodiad hynafol<\/strong><\/p><p>Mae <em>Theogoni<\/em> Hesiod yn crybwyll yr Erinyes yn achlysurol yn unig, naill ai fel merched y Nos, neu, mewn fersiynau eraill, fel ffrwyth gwaed Uranos wedi&#8217;i ddymchwel.<\/p><p>Mae Homer yn eu henwi yn <em>Yr Iliad<\/em> 9.571 fel cosbwragedd anweledig sy&#8217;n dilyn ar sodlau <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Fformiwla ieithyddol sydd i achosi drwg i berson neu beth.\" tabindex=\"0\">melltith<\/span> a llw torredig. Fabwysiadodd y Rhufeiniaid hwy fel <em>Dirae<\/em> (y rhai arswydus) a phwysleisio hyd yn oed mwy eu cysylltiad \u00e2 gwallgofrwydd a dadfeiliad corfforol.<\/p><p>Yn yr <em>Aeneid<\/em>, mae Fyrsil yn trwytho&#8217;r Furiau \u00e2 thywyllwch cyfriniol: maent yn gwarchod pyrth yr isfyd ac yn ymgorffori rhesymeg dialedd y cosmos ei hun.<\/p><p>Mewn cwltiau dirgelwch Helenistaidd a phapyri <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Arferion sy'n ceisio dylanwadu ar rediad pethau trwy weithredoedd neu fformiwl\u00e2u arbennig.\" tabindex=\"0\">hud<\/span>, fe&#8217;u gelwir arnynt fel grym i atgyfnerthu melltithion neu i helpu cosbi torri llw. Mae eu defnydd mewn testunau hudol yn rhagdybio bod y melltithiwr yn y cywir, oherwydd fel arall try&#8217;r Erinyes yn erbyn y melltithiwr ei hun.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44e71476 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"44e71476\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1fc3f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3c1fc3f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Proffil: Yr Erinyes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84f33b8e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"84f33b8e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hqkdc67p elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"hqkdc67p\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y prif nodweddion am yr Erinyes ar un olwg. Fe geir manylion am enw, disgrifiad, amddiffyniad a chymariaethau yn yr adrannau canlynol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-qh9oavvu iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"qh9oavvu\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-awzx8k2k elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"awzx8k2k\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cyd-destun Diwylliannol<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x6rowhv0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x6rowhv0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>O waed Uranos wedi&#8217;i ysbaddu. Cyn-Olympaidd, h\u0177n na&#8217;r Olympiaid, maent yn sefyll dros drefn gyfiawnder hynafol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3o4kxs iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8e3o4kxs\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08rkdgov elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"08rkdgov\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Targed yr Erinyes<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-uwjelx8s elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"uwjelx8s\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Troseddwyr bai gwaed (yn enwedig o fewn y teulu), llw gau, torri hawl gwestai, esgeuluso awdurdod rhieni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-jm2n74ec iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"jm2n74ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8vufse4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8vufse4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ymddangosiad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-mwb9u015 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"mwb9u015\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Adeiniog, gwallt seirff, ffaglau, chwipiau, gwisg dywyll, llygaid gwaedlyd. Yn y rhaglen ddelweddol glasurol maent yn wynebol ac yn urddasol-ddychrynllyd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-pemmx7c2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"pemmx7c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37ss2yr6 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37ss2yr6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3v0wp3wx elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3v0wp3wx\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gweithgaredd<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w3247g2m elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"w3247g2m\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Gwallgofrwydd, diffyg cwsg, unigedd, erledigaeth hyd i&#8217;r isfyd. Nid marwolaeth y maent yn ei ddwyn, ond fodolaeth annioddefol hyd at gael cymod.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0qpjal9w iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0qpjal9w\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ndoih0o elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6ndoih0o\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Amddiffyniad<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6684tyh9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6684tyh9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nid amddiffyn ond cymodi: defodau puro (katharmos), llys cyhoeddus (yr Areopagus), a chynnwys o fewn <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yr Eumenides. Mae&#8217;r polis yn dofi eu grym trwy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoli crefyddol i dduw neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yn hytrach na thrwy ymladd yn eu herbyn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3lfi7x32 iwg-steckbrief-card e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3lfi7x32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0kg99ga1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0kg99ga1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bodau Cysylltiedig<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-n0fum6kp elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"n0fum6kp\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dirae\/Furies (Rhufain), Gall\u00fb (Mesopotamia), Tzitzimime, motiffau&#8217;r Angau; yn swyddogaethol hefyd y Valkyrjar fel gweithredwyr maes y gad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7533bc7a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7533bc7a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2447d18d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2447d18d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Demonoleg yn Bywyd Bob Dydd<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5d0260c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5d0260c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-341be2ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"341be2ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Defodau cymod<\/strong><\/p><p>Defod buro ar \u00f4l tywallt gwaed (<em>katharmos<\/em>), fel arfer trwy aberth mochyn a gweithredoedd defodol ar afon neu f\u00f4r. Caiff y sawl a buriwyd fynd yn \u00f4l i&#8217;r polis.<\/p><p><strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd defosiynol crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">Cwlt<\/span> a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Defod ieithyddol sy'n ceisio galw neu rwymo grym.\" tabindex=\"0\">galwad hudol<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Yn Athen, ar yr Areopagos (Craig Ares), roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoli duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrle<\/span> Eumenidau&#8217;n bodoli, gan addoli&#8217;r Erinyes wedi&#8217;u trawsffurfio. Rhwymwyd eu grym yn gwltaidd a&#8217;i gydnabod ar yr un pryd. Yn y defixiones (llechau melltith), c\u00e2nt eu galw fel dielwyr amhersonol.<\/p><p><strong>Amwletau a symbolau amddiffynnol<\/strong><\/p><p>Nid oedd amwletau apotrop\u00e4ig bob dydd yn bodoli. Rhaid i&#8217;r sawl a fyn osgoi&#8217;r Erinyes osgoi bai gwaed. Ni ellir cyfyngu eu grym ond drwy weithred ddefodol a dyfarniad llys; nid oes gwrthrych a all wneud dim yn eu herbyn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a584676 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5a584676\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d0757bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d0757bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yr Erinyes: cymariaethau mewn diwylliannau eraill<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60563f68 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60563f68\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a93fdd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5a93fdd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Rhufain:<\/strong> Mae&#8217;r Dirae a&#8217;r Furiae yn gyfatebiaethau Rhufeinig uniongyrchol, yn amlwg yn Aeneid Fyrsil a thrasied\u00efau Seneca. Mae&#8217;r <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiff<\/span> yn parhau&#8217;n strwythurol unfath.<\/p><p><strong>Mesopotamia:<\/strong> Mae&#8217;r Gall\u00fb o&#8217;r isfyd hefyd yn gorfodi trefn gosmig, ond fel negeswyr marwolaeth, nid fel dialyddion trosedd foesol.<\/p><p><strong>Derbyniad modern:<\/strong> Mae&#8217;r Uwch-Ego yn namcaniaeth Freud yn cyfeirio at <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Elfen gynhwysol sy'n ailymddangos mewn celf neu naratif.\" tabindex=\"0\">fotiff<\/span> y llais mewnol erlidgar. Mae llenyddiaeth a ffilm yn parhau i ddefnyddio&#8217;r Erinyes fel <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Delwedd fyw sy'n cynrychioli syniad haniaethol.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> o euogrwydd na ellir ei ohirio.<\/p><div><p><strong>Yr Erinyes fel grym dialedd cosmig a chyfryngwyr iawn<\/strong><\/p><p>Roedd dealltwriaeth <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC.\" tabindex=\"0\">hynafol<\/span> o&#8217;r Erinyes yn llai personol ac yn fwy swyddogaethol: maent yn ymgorffori canlyniad anochel cam-drin ac euogrwydd gwaed, nid creulondeb mympwyol. Maent, fel petai, yn gyfrifwyr euogrwydd cosmig y mae&#8217;r bydysawd ei hun yn eu dilyn.<\/p><p>Yn enwedig yng nghyfraith Athen ar \u00f4l Aeschylus, daethant yn symbolau o gyfiawnder cyfatebol: ni adewir unrhyw drosedd heb iawn, ond nid oes trosedd\u00adwr heb obaith iachawdwriaeth, os yw&#8217;n ceisio ac yn cael iawn.<\/p><p>Gwahaniaethai hyn y cysyniad Groegaidd o dduw dialedd oddi wrth ddigofaint dialedd pur diwylliannau eraill. Mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn mynnu iawndal, nid damnedigaeth dragwyddol. Mewn cwltiau dirgelwch fel Eleusis, roeddent yn chwarae rhan yn y ddefod buro: roeddent yn dystion i lwon a thab\u0175au llofruddiaeth, a arweiniai eu torri at halogiad defodol.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf03202d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cpf03202d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpf59c0c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cpf59c0c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yr Erinyes yn Oresteia Aischylos<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp9db56f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp9db56f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpe38e471 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpe38e471\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y darluniad mwyaf trawiadol a phellgyrhaeddol ei ganlyniadau o&#8217;r Erinyes yn llenyddiaeth yr hen fyd yw&#8217;r <em>Orestie<\/em> gan Aischylos, trioleg a berfformiwyd yn Athen yn 458 CC. Ynddi, nid grymoedd a grybwyllir yn unig yw&#8217;r Erinyes: ymddangosant yn gorfforol fel corws ar y llwyfan, yn bennaf yn y drydedd ddrama, yr <em>Eumeniden<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r stori&#8217;n mynd o lofruddiaeth Clytemnestra ar ei g\u0175r Agamemnon, drwy ddial ei mab Orestes sy&#8217;n lladd ei fam, hyd at ganlyniadau&#8217;r weithred waedlyd hon. Am fod Orestes wedi lladd ei fam ei hun, hynny yw, am dywallt gwaed perthynas, mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn ei erlid.<\/p><p>Hwy yw dialyddesau gwaed y fam, ac maent yn erlid Orestes o Argos i Delphi ac ymlaen i Athen, gan ei yrru&#8217;n wallgof a pheidio \u00e2 rhoi llonydd iddo.<\/p><p>Mae Aischylos yn eu darlunio fel bodau brawychus. Yn y ddrama ei hun adroddir bod golwg arnynt yn ddigon i daflu offeiriades Delphi i&#8217;r llawr. Maent yn cysgu, yn ymbeswch, ac yn arogli gwaed fel c\u0175n. Mae eu hawl yn hynafol, yn h\u0177n na duwiau Olympaidd iau, ac maent yn mynnu na ellir tarfu ar eu hawl, sef hawl dialedd gwaed.<\/p><p>Craidd y drioleg yw&#8217;r gwrthdaro rhwng yr hen hawl hon a threfn newydd. Mae Apollon ac Athena o blaid Orestes, a&#8217;r Erinyes o blaid iawn diamod. Mae&#8217;r <em>Orestie<\/em> felly&#8217;n dystiolaeth ganolog o&#8217;r cyfnod <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfnod diwylliant Groeg a Rhufain, tua 800 CC hyd 600 OC\" tabindex=\"0\">clasurol<\/span> i sut y deellid yr Erinyes fel ymgorfforiad o ddial cyn-wladwriaethol, awtomatig.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp6f04794 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp6f04794\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp09010be elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp09010be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O felltith i fendith: y trawsnewid yn yr Eumenides<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp089b896 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp089b896\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpc197b86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cpc197b86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Y digwyddiad tyngedfennol ar ddiwedd yr <em>Orestie<\/em> yw trawsffurfiad yr Erinyes yn Eumeniden, y rhai daionus eu bwriad. Mae hyn yn arwyddocaol iawn o safbwynt hanes crefydd, oherwydd dengys sut y mae diwylliant yn ymgorffori grym bygythiol o fewn ei drefn ei hun yn hytrach na&#8217;i ddileu.<\/p><p>Yn yr <em>Eumeniden<\/em>, gwrandewir ar achos Orestes gerbron llys ar yr Areopagos yn Athen, a sefydlwyd gan y dduwies Athena.<\/p><p>Mae dinasyddion Athen yn pleidleisio fel rheithwyr, mae&#8217;r pleidleisiau&#8217;n gyfartal, ac mae Athena, drwy ei phleidlais hi, yn penderfynu o blaid rhyddhau Orestes. Felly, am y tro cyntaf, daw llys trefnus i gymryd lle dialedd gwaed diddiwedd.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn chwerw ynghylch y dyfarniad hwn i ddechrau. Gwelant eu swydd hynafol yn cael ei ddiraddio a bygythiant gosbi&#8217;r wlad ag anffrwythlondeb a phla. Mae Athena&#8217;n negydu \u00e2 hwy.<\/p><p>Cynigia iddynt le cwltig sefydlog yn Athen, anrhydedd barhaol gan y dinasyddion, a swyddogaeth newydd, fendithiol: byddant yn gwarchod ffrwythlondeb, dedwyddwch priodasol, a llwyddiant y ddinas, gan barhau i gosbi troseddwyr, ond bellach o fewn y drefn wladol.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn derbyn y cynnig ac yn mynd, ar ddiwedd y drioleg, mewn gorymdaith ddefodol i&#8217;w <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoliad duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">gysegrfa<\/span>. O&#8217;r ysbrydion dialgar erlidiol daeth yr Eumeniden, y cyflwynwyd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">cwlt<\/span> iddynt mewn gwirionedd yn Athen a mannau eraill.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r drasiedi felly&#8217;n cyfeirio at <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd addoliad crefyddol ar gyfer duwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> real, ac ar yr un pryd yn cynnig ystyr iddo: erys hen rym dialedd, ond fe&#8217;i gwneir yn wasanaethgar i&#8217;r Polis. Mae&#8217;r enw dwbl ar y bodau hyn, Erinyes ac Eumeniden, yn dal y ddwy ochr hyn yn barhaol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp91c4cbf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp91c4cbf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp631815e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp631815e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tarddiad, nifer ac enwau'r Erinyes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cpb1f28f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cpb1f28f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2460745 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2460745\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Am darddiad yr Erinyes, mae&#8217;r ffynonellau hynafol yn cynnig sawl adroddiad gwahanol i&#8217;w gilydd.<\/p><p>Y fersiwn fwyaf dylanwadol yw honno gan Hesiod yn ei <em>Theogoni<\/em>. Yno, mae&#8217;r Erinyes yn tarddu o waed Uranos: pan ddiffrwythola Kronos ei dad Uranos a&#8217;r diferion yn syrthio ar y ddaear, Gaia, mae&#8217;r ddaear yn geni&#8217;r Erinyes, ynghyd \u00e2&#8217;r Cewri a&#8217;r Nymffiau.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r tarddiad hwn yn cysylltu&#8217;r Erinyes o&#8217;r cychwyn cyntaf \u00e2 throsedd yn erbyn perthynas, \u00e2 gwrthryfel y mab yn erbyn ei dad.<\/p><p>Mae traddodiadau eraill yn enwi&#8217;r Nos, Nyx, fel mam, sy&#8217;n dwyn yr Erinyes yn nes at bwerau tywyll eraill, neu&#8217;n eu tarddu o dduwiesau&#8217;r Isfyd. Mae&#8217;r amrywiaeth hon yn nodweddiadol o genealog\u00efau Groegaidd ac yn dangos y modd y gellid cysylltu&#8217;r Erinyes \u00e2 gwahanol linynnau dehongli.<\/p><p>Nid oedd nifer yr Erinyes yn wreiddiol wedi ei bennu chwaith. Yn y testunau hynaf, er enghraifft gan Homer ac Aischylos, ymddangosant fel llu amhenodol, yn haid.<\/p><p>Yn ddiweddarach yn unig, yn arbennig yn draddodiad Helenistig a Rhufeinig, y sefydlwyd eu nifer yn dri a rhoddwyd enwau iddynt: Alecto, yr Anorffwysol, Tisiphone, Dialwraig y Llofruddiaeth, a Megaera, y Genfigenus neu&#8217;r Ddig. Yn y ffurf driphlyg, enwog hon, ymddangosant felly gan feirdd Rhufeinig fel Vergil.<\/p><p>Roedd hyn yn gyffredin: gochelid rhag galw&#8217;r Erinyes \u00e2&#8217;u henwau&#8217;n uniongyrchol. Cyfeirid atynt ag enwau lledrithiol, tawelyddol, megis Eumenides, y Rhinweddol Fwyn, neu Semnai Theai, y Duwiesau Anrhydeddus, ac o dan yr enw hwn roedd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Lle sanctaidd wedi'i gysegru i addoliad duwdod.\" tabindex=\"0\">cysegr<\/span> iddynt yn Athen ar yr Areopagus.<\/p><p>Mae&#8217;r gofal ieithyddol hwn ei hun yn dystiolaeth i&#8217;r ofn a ysgogai&#8217;r creaduriaid hyn.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36dd7469 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"36dd7469\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13760ab4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"13760ab4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cysylltiadau pellach<\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c87796 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"28c87796\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d6538df elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d6538df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cysylltiadau mewnol a argymhellir:<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/groeg\/\">Gwlad Groeg<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/keres\/\">Keres<\/a> (perthynas agos)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/dirae\/\">Dirae<\/a> (cyfochredd Rufeinig, tudalen fanwl i ddod)<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/gallu\/\">Gallu<\/a> (cyfochredd Mesopotamaidd)<\/li><li>Defodau puro a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Cyfanswm y gweithredoedd o addoliad crefyddol i dduwdod neu ffigwr sanctaidd.\" tabindex=\"0\">gwlt<\/span> yr Areopagus<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-grl4kl40 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"grl4kl40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bzsbfrmh elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bzsbfrmh\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Llenyddiaeth ymchwil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c13224a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2c13224a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0eymh9ub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0eymh9ub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Detholiad o weithiau canolog ar yr Erinyes ac ar <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Y ddysgeidiaeth wyddonol am Dduw a chred crefydd.\" tabindex=\"0\">ddiwinyddiaeth<\/span> dialedd Groeg:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Zeitlin, Froma I.: <em>Playing the Other. Gender and Society in Classical Greek Literature<\/em>. Chicago 1996.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Parker, Robert: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/greekreligion0000burk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Miasma. Pollution and Purification in Early Greek Religion<\/a><\/em>. Oxford 1983.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Sommerstein, Alan: <em>Aeschylus: Eumenides<\/em>. Cambridge 1989 (sylwebaeth).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Lloyd-Jones, Hugh: <em>The Justice of Zeus<\/em>. Berkeley 1971.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><div data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-litliste\"><p><strong>Llenyddiaeth safonol (Gwlad Groeg):<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bremmer, Jan N.<\/strong>: <em>Greek Religion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999.<\/em><\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet><strong>Bonnefoy, Yves<\/strong>: <em>Greek and Egyptian Mythologies. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1992.<\/em><\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/footer>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Rhagor o weithiau safonol yn y <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cy\/llenyddiaeth\/\">rhestr lyfryddiaeth<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-erinyen-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgca-erinyen-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-ca-erinyen\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgca-erinyen-te iwg-ca-textwrap elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgca-erinyen-te\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p class=\"iwg-ca-bridge\">Mae&#8217;r arfer amddiffynnol a ddisgrifir yma yn ddehongliad astudiaethau crefydd o draddodiadau hanesyddol. Mae iWell Guard yn cysylltu \u00e2&#8217;r llinyn hanesyddol-ddiwylliannol hwn o wrthrychau amddiffynnol a wisgir, ac yn cynrychioli ffurf gyfoes ohono. <a href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&#038;utm_medium=text-link&#038;utm_campaign=schadwesen-tradition\">Mwy am yr iWell Guard \u2192<\/a><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1682,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Duwiesau Dial Erinyes","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Erinyes - Y Dialwyr, Ymlidwyr Euogrwydd Gwaed","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Erinyes, dialwyr mytholeg Roegaidd. 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