{"id":146384,"date":"2026-09-03T16:46:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:46:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=146384"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:21:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:21:56","slug":"mapuche-mytologie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/mapuche-mytologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Mapuche mytologie"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"146384\" class=\"elementor elementor-146384 elementor-20570 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapuche mytologie, Pill\u00e1n a sv\u011bt duch\u016f v Chile<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuchov\u00e9, s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,75 milionu obyvatel nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed domorod\u00e1 etnick\u00e1 skupina Chile, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 000 lidech tak\u00e9 v Argentin\u011b, si v regionu Araucan\u00eda a v sousedn\u00edm Patagonii udr\u017euj\u00ed \u017eivou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou tradici. \u0160amanky machi s jejich bubnem kultrun, duchov\u00e9 vulk\u00e1n\u016f pill\u00e1n a m\u00fdtus o potop\u011b t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se had\u016f Caicai a Trentren pat\u0159\u00ed k nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvk\u016fm t\u00e9to dosud \u017eiv\u011b praktikovan\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Sv\u011bt duch\u016f Mapuch\u016f je \u00fazce spjat s mo\u0159em, sopkami a silami krajiny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147295\" alt=\"Beaivi \u2013 bohyn\u011b z tradice S\u00e1m\u016f, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-sami elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-sami elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradice <strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0160amansk\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialistka Mapuch\u016f, obvykle \u017eena, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">machi<\/span><\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe ve Wallmapu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Sv\u011bt duch\u016f Mapuch\u016f se d\u011bl\u00ed na duchy p\u0159edk\u016f a sopek kolem Pill\u00e1na, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 bytosti jako Sumpall a Pincoya a ambivalentn\u00ed duchy kalku. I dnes se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed v tradici machi v Chile a Argentin\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mapuchov\u00e9, jazyk a os\u00eddlen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuchov\u00e9 mluv\u00ed mapudungunem, izolovan\u00fdm jazykem, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ohro\u017een\u00fd a dnes je podporov\u00e1n dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fdmi \u0161kolami a vlastn\u00edmi rozhlasov\u00fdmi po\u0159ady. Podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 2017 se k Mapuch\u016fm v Chile hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,75 milionu lid\u00ed, tedy t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 procent obyvatelstva, v Argentin\u011b pak p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 000 lid\u00ed podle s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed z roku 2010.<\/p><p>Hlavn\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v chilsk\u00e9m regionu Araucan\u00eda a v sousedn\u00edm argentinsk\u00e9m Patagonii, kter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 z\u00e1stupci \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako Wallmapu. Mapuchov\u00e9 historicky vzdorovali ve 15. stolet\u00ed expanzi Inck\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a od zhruba roku 1550 v takzvan\u00e9 v\u00e1lce Arauco po stalet\u00ed \u010delili \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kolonialn\u00ed moci, \u0159eka B\u00edo-B\u00edo byla dlouho uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na jako hranice. A\u017e dodnes v regionu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed konflikty o p\u016fdu.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Sopka a mo\u0159e uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011bt duch\u016f Mapuch\u016f, v zemi a sopk\u00e1ch s\u00eddl\u00ed duchov\u00e9 p\u0159edk\u016f pill\u00e1n, ve vod\u011b bytosti jako Sumpall a Pincoya. Tradice machi v Chile a Argentin\u011b udr\u017euje toto v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed dosud \u017eiv\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pill\u00e1n, Ng\u00fcnechen a duchov\u00e9 p\u0159edk\u016f sopek<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pillan\/\">Pill\u00e1n<\/a> ozna\u010duje duchy p\u0159edk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edrody, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ni se sopkami, nap\u0159\u00edklad se sopkou Villarrica, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdbuchy byly tradi\u010dn\u011b vykl\u00e1d\u00e1ny jako p\u016fsoben\u00ed pill\u00e1na. N\u011bkter\u00e9 tradice odvozuj\u00ed pill\u00e1ny od zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch mocn\u00fdch p\u0159edk\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad zesnul\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f (lonko).<\/p><p>Ng\u00fcnechen, tvo\u0159iv\u00fd princip nebo bo\u017estvo stvo\u0159itele, je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch pojet\u00edch ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako \u010dty\u0159d\u00edln\u00e1 jednota a pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nad\u0159azenou \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed moc, zat\u00edmco pill\u00e1nov\u00e9 vystupuj\u00ed jako zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed, ambivalentn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, nap\u0159\u00edklad v blesku a sope\u010dn\u00e9m v\u00fdbuchu. P\u0159esn\u00e1 systematika tohoto vztahu nen\u00ed v etnografick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e pops\u00e1na jednotn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Machi, kultrun a ngillatun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Machi je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou a l\u00e9\u010ditelskou autoritou Mapuch\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b, nikoli v\u0161ak v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017eenou; povol\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dasto prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm snu nebo nemoci, po n\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1sleduje zasv\u011bcen\u00ed (machiluw\u00fcn) pod veden\u00edm zku\u0161en\u00e9 machi. Jej\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem je kultrun, posv\u00e1tn\u00fd buben pomalovan\u00fd kosmogramem, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd p\u0159i diagn\u00f3ze a v transu.<\/p><p>P\u0159ed domem machi stoj\u00ed rewe, stup\u0148ovit\u00fd posv\u00e1tn\u00fd sloup nebo strom, pova\u017eovan\u00fd za osu mezi pozemsk\u00fdm a horn\u00edm sv\u011btem. P\u0159i ngillatunu, periodick\u00e9m spole\u010dn\u00e9m ob\u0159adu pro plodnost a blahobyt, machi vede shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnou komunitu tancem, zp\u011bvem a kultrunem. Etnografka Ana Mariella Bacigalupo d\u016fkladn\u011b zdokumentovala trvaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to dosud \u017eiv\u00e9 praxe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u00fdtus o potop\u011b Caicai-Vilu a Trentren-Vilu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ve st\u0159edu jednoho z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00fdt\u016f Mapuch\u016f stoj\u00ed boj mezi mo\u0159sk\u00fdm hadem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146316\">Caicai-Vilu<\/a>, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 velkou potopu, a hadem zem\u011b a hor Trentren-Vilu, kter\u00fd zved\u00e1 zem, aby zachr\u00e1nil lidi. Kdo podle tradice nedos\u00e1hne v\u010das horsk\u00fdch vrchol\u016f, je prom\u011bn\u011bn v rybu nebo jin\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p><p>Zejm\u00e9na v vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradici ostrova Chilo\u00e9 je tento m\u00fdtus pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o vzniku rozeklan\u00e9ho ostrovn\u00edho sv\u011bta regionu; je \u017eivou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed tradice bez jedin\u00e9 kanonick\u00e9 podoby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-sami-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-sami-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k mytologii Mapuch\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-sami-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Kdo jsou Mapuche?<\/h3>\n<p>Mapuche jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed domorodou skupinou obyvatel Chile, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed zhruba 1,75 milionu lid\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 000 lid\u00ed \u017eije v Argentin\u011b. Mluv\u00ed jazykem mapudungun a \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v regionu Araucan\u00eda a v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 Patagonii.<\/p>\n<h3>Co je machi?<\/h3>\n<p>Machi je \u0161amansk\u00e1 ritualn\u00ed specialistka Mapuche, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017eena, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, divinaci a veden\u00ed komunitn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, jako je Ngillatun. Jej\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem je posv\u00e1tn\u00fd buben kultrun. Tradice machi je i dnes \u017eiv\u011b praktikovanou realitou, nikoli historickou vzpom\u00ednkou.<\/p>\n<h3>Co jsou pill\u00e1n?<\/h3>\n<p>Pill\u00e1n jsou p\u0159edkov\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed duchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ni se sopkami. Jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed se podle tradice projevuje bleskem, hromem a sope\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchem.<\/p>\n<h3>Co vypr\u00e1v\u00ed m\u00fdtus o Caicai a Trentren?<\/h3>\n<p>M\u00fdtus popisuje boj mezi mo\u0159sk\u00fdm hadem Caicai-Vilu, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 potopu, a horsk\u00fdm hadem Trentren-Vilu, kter\u00fd zachra\u0148uje zemi. Zejm\u00e9na na ostrov\u011b Chilo\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o vzniku ostrovn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kdo jsou Mapuche?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Mapuche jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed domorodou skupinou obyvatel Chile, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed zhruba 1,75 milionu lid\u00ed, a dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 200 000 lid\u00ed \u017eije v Argentin\u011b. Mluv\u00ed jazykem mapudungun a \u017eij\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v regionu Araucan\u00eda a v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 Patagonii.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co je machi?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Machi je \u0161amansk\u00e1 ritualn\u00ed specialistka Mapuche, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b \u017eena, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, divinaci a veden\u00ed komunitn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, jako je Ngillatun. Jej\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1strojem je posv\u00e1tn\u00fd buben kultrun. Tradice machi je i dnes \u017eiv\u011b praktikovanou realitou, nikoli historickou vzpom\u00ednkou.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co jsou pill\u00e1n?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Pill\u00e1n jsou p\u0159edkov\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed duchov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ni se sopkami. Jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed se podle tradice projevuje bleskem, hromem a sope\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdbuchem.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co vypr\u00e1v\u00ed m\u00fdtus o Caicai a Trentren?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"M\u00fdtus popisuje boj mezi mo\u0159sk\u00fdm hadem Caicai-Vilu, kter\u00fd vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 potopu, a horsk\u00fdm hadem Trentren-Vilu, kter\u00fd zachra\u0148uje zemi. Zejm\u00e9na na ostrov\u011b Chilo\u00e9 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o vzniku ostrovn\u00edho sv\u011bta.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kalku, anchimayen a ambivalence magie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146190\">Kalku<\/a> ozna\u010duje osobu, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1na \u0161kodliv\u00e1 magie, v jist\u00e9m smyslu protip\u00f3l l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00e9 machi. Historicky byla hranice mezi ob\u011bma rolemi plynul\u00e1 a siln\u011b z\u00e1visela na obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze strany obvi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed komunity; koncept slou\u017eil p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed model pro nevysv\u011btlen\u00e9 ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, nemoc nebo smrt.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/anchimayen\/\">Anchimayen<\/a> je ohniv\u00fd duch, kter\u00fd je podle tradice \u010dasto vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n jako du\u0161e zem\u0159el\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za sluhu \u010di doprovodn\u00e9ho duch kalku. V\u00fdzkumy, nap\u0159\u00edklad k obvin\u011bn\u00edm z kalku v 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee tato obvin\u011bn\u00ed byla \u00fazce spojena se soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi konflikty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mo\u0159sk\u00e9 bytosti mytologie Chilo\u00e9: Pincoya a sumpall<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146319\">Sumpall<\/a> je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za vodn\u00edho a ryb\u00edho ducha, bytost s t\u011blem nap\u016fl \u010dlov\u011bka a nap\u016fl ryby, kter\u00e1 jako \u201ep\u00e1n ryb&#8220; rozhoduje o \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed p\u0159i rybolovu. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146318\">Pincoya<\/a>, mo\u0159sk\u00e1 v\u00edla z mytologie Chilo\u00e9, podle tradice tan\u010d\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u017ei, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sm\u011br jej\u00edho tance, k mo\u0159i nebo k pevnin\u011b, m\u00e1 ur\u010dovat hojnost nebo nedostatek ryb.<\/p><p>Za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho je naproti tomu pova\u017eov\u00e1n <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146317\">Nguruvilu<\/a>, hadovit\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed monstrum, kter\u00e9 \u010d\u00edh\u00e1 na cestuj\u00edc\u00ed a dobytek u \u0159e\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159echod\u016f. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/cherufe\/\">Cherufe<\/a>, ohniv\u00e1 bytost \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed pod sopkami a v zemi, je v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, liter\u00e1rn\u011b formovan\u00fdch verz\u00edch spojov\u00e1na s motivem lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kolonizace, odpor a tradice Mapuche dnes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuche v 15. stolet\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b odol\u00e1vali expanzi \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Ink\u016f a od zhruba roku 1550 vedli po stalet\u00ed vojensk\u00fd odpor proti \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed moci, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Arauco v\u00e1lka. A\u017e v 19. stolet\u00ed chilsk\u00fd st\u00e1t n\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159ipojil region Araucan\u00eda v r\u00e1mci takzvan\u00e9 Pacificaci\u00f3n de la Araucan\u00eda, spojen\u00e9 se ztr\u00e1tou p\u016fdy a mision\u00e1\u0159skou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Dodnes v regionu trvaj\u00ed konflikty o pr\u00e1va na p\u016fdu mezi komunitami Mapuche, lesnick\u00fdmi a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi podniky a chilsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem. Tradice machi p\u0159itom z\u016fstala \u017eivou, uzn\u00e1vanou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou prax\u00ed, \u010dasto kombinovanou s biomedic\u00ednskou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, a je p\u0159edm\u011btem trval\u00e9ho etnografick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, mimo jin\u00e9 Any Marielly Bacigalupo a archeologa Toma Dillehaye.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d9a92a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d9a92a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2515827f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2515827f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1rod dvou st\u00e1t\u016f a jeho region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmanitost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25cbddf2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25cbddf2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp240cdc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp240cdc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapuche \u017eij\u00ed dnes p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v chilsk\u00e9m regionu Araucan\u00eda a v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9 argentinsk\u00e9 Patagonii, oblasti, kterou politick\u00ed z\u00e1stupci \u010dasto souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako Wallmapu. Historicky se Mapuche d\u011blili do n\u011bkolika region\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin, nap\u0159\u00edklad pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed Mapuche (Lafkenche), obyvatele And (Pewenche) a obyvatele pl\u00e1n\u00ed a jezern\u00edch krajin, jejich\u017e zp\u016fsob \u017eivota a m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice se li\u0161ily.<\/p><p>Na ostrov\u011b Chilo\u00e9, siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9m od 16. stolet\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blskou kolonizac\u00ed a katolickou mis\u00ed, se vyvinula obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bohat\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradice, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b propleten\u00e1 s evropsk\u00fdmi prvky, o mo\u0159sk\u00fdch bytostech jako Pincoya, sumpall a m\u00fdtu o potop\u011b Caicai a Trentren, kter\u00e1 v t\u00e9to podob\u011b nen\u00ed stejn\u011b zn\u00e1ma v cel\u00e9 oblasti Mapuche.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 praxe machi a v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch duchovn\u00edch bytost\u00ed, jako jsou pill\u00e1n nebo Nguruvilu, se mezi regiony li\u0161\u00ed. Obecn\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o \u201emytologii Mapuche&#8220; tak zakr\u00fdvaj\u00ed zna\u010dnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozmanitost mezi Andami, pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm a ostrovn\u00edm sv\u011btem.<\/p><p>V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b skupin je spole\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed role machi jako prost\u0159ednice ke sv\u011btu duch\u016f, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f pill\u00e1n a p\u0159edstava o\u017eiven\u00e9 krajiny obydlen\u00e9 mnoha bytostmi. I tyto spole\u010dn\u00e9 prvky jsou v pramenech region\u00e1ln\u011b r\u016fzn\u011b dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1a3dae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b1a3dae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp282c06ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp282c06ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kultrun, rewe a s\u00edly mapuchejsk\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obrazu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp228b4522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp228b4522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261454c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp261454c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011btem Mapu\u010d\u016f je kultrun, svat\u00fd buben \u0161amanek machi. Na jeho ko\u017een\u00e9 membr\u00e1n\u011b b\u00fdv\u00e1 namalov\u00e1n kosmogram, kter\u00fd zobrazuje \u010dty\u0159i sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany a r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b sv\u011bta, a je tak obrazem kosmologie.<\/p><p>Machi pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kultrun p\u0159i diagn\u00f3ze, l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9m ritu\u00e1lu a transu, v n\u011bm\u017e se jej\u00ed du\u0161e dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do kontaktu s duchy a p\u0159edky. P\u0159ed jej\u00edm domem stoj\u00ed rewe, stup\u0148ovit\u00fd svat\u00fd sloup nebo strom, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za osu mezi pozemsk\u00fdm a horn\u00edm sv\u011btem a je m\u00edstem kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p><p>Sv\u011btov\u00fd obraz Mapu\u010d\u016f zahrnuje Ng\u00fcnechena jako nad\u0159azen\u00fd tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed princip a mno\u017estv\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pillan\/\">pill\u00e1n\u016f (Pill\u00e1n)<\/a>, duch\u016f p\u0159edk\u016f a p\u0159\u00edrody, spojovan\u00fdch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se sopkami. Krom\u011b toho krajinu ob\u00fdv\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch bytost\u00ed: vodn\u00ed duchov\u00e9 jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146319\">Sumpall<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146317\">Nguruvilu<\/a>, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00edly jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146318\">Pincoya<\/a>, ohniv\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/cherufe\/\">Cherufe<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/anchimayen\/\">Anchimayen<\/a> a had <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146316\">Caicai-Vilu<\/a> z povod\u0148ov\u00e9ho m\u00fdtu.<\/p><p>Protikladem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146190\">kalku (Kalku)<\/a>, osoby provozuj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161kodlivou magii, je l\u00e9\u010ditelka machi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hranice mezi ob\u011bma rolemi byla historicky plynul\u00e1 a siln\u011b z\u00e1visela na spole\u010densk\u00e9m p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ohledn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 systematiky tohoto sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obrazu nepanuje kone\u010dn\u00e1 shoda, proto\u017ee tradice se region\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed a mnoh\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed bylo p\u00edsemn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1no a\u017e v 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Trval\u00e1 praxe machi a ritu\u00e1lu ngillatun je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm \u017eiv\u00fdm pramenem, kter\u00fd se vymyk\u00e1 \u010dist\u011b historick\u00e9 rekonstrukci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp295547c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp295547c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28944fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28944fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny: kolonialn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, etnografie a \u00fastn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d59da4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d59da4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ce157b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ce157b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejstar\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Mapu\u010d\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016f a mision\u00e1\u0159\u016f 16. a 17. stolet\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v souvislosti s v\u00e1lkou Arauco psali o zvyc\u00edch Mapu\u010d\u016f, je\u017e jim byly ciz\u00ed. Tyto texty jsou, stejn\u011b jako jinde, siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bny perspektivou koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p><p>Na konci 19. a za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed polo\u017eil n\u011bmecko-chilsk\u00fd lingvista Rodolfo Lenz sv\u00fdmi studiemi mapudungunu a \u00fastn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradice z\u00e1klad prvn\u00edho systematick\u00e9ho v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, na kter\u00e9 nav\u00e1zali pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etnografov\u00e9.<\/p><p>Archeolog Tom Dillehay, zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u00fdmi vykop\u00e1vkami v Monte Verde, p\u0159isp\u011bl dlouhodob\u00fdmi studiemi d\u011bjin a odporu Mapu\u010d\u016f k historick\u00e9mu za\u0159azen\u00ed t\u00e9matu. Pro dne\u0161n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojem etnografka Ana Mariella Bacigalupo, jej\u00ed\u017e pr\u00e1ce o genderu, moci a l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed u chilsk\u00fdch machi jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za standardn\u00ed d\u00edla.<\/p><p>Samostatn\u00fd typ pramene tvo\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e1 \u00fastn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradice, m\u00fdty o Pill\u00e1novi, Caicai-Vilu a Trentren-Vilu nebo o mo\u0159sk\u00fdch bytostech oblasti Chilo\u00e9, kter\u00e9 se vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti a p\u0159itom se neust\u00e1le znovu prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed. Nejsou fixov\u00e1ny v jedin\u00e9 kanonick\u00e9 verzi, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jejich religionistick\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 to v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje jejich \u017eivost jako aktivn\u00ed tradice.<\/p><p>Badatel\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Mapu\u010d\u016f nen\u00ed uzav\u0159enou historickou veli\u010dinou, n\u00fdbr\u017e neust\u00e1le se prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed, dnes \u017eitou tradic\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u011bdeck\u00fd popis mus\u00ed tento \u017eiv\u00fd charakter zohled\u0148ovat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c009332 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c009332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp225c94da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp225c94da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kolonizace, pozemkov\u00e9 konflikty a \u017eit\u00e1 tradice dnes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c7191ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c7191ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23f4061d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23f4061d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mapu\u010dov\u00e9 se v 15. stolet\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b br\u00e1nili expanzi \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Ink\u016f a od zhruba roku 1550 vzdorovali po stalet\u00ed v takzvan\u00e9 v\u00e1lce Arauco \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 kolonizaci, \u0159eka B\u00edo-B\u00edo dlouho tvo\u0159ila uzn\u00e1vanou hranici s \u00fazem\u00edm pod \u0161pan\u011blskou kontrolou.<\/p><p>A\u017e na konci 19. stolet\u00ed chilsk\u00fd st\u00e1t n\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159ipojil oblast Araucan\u00eda v r\u00e1mci vojensk\u00fdch ta\u017een\u00ed ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako Pacificaci\u00f3n de la Araucan\u00eda, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fdch ztr\u00e1tou p\u016fdy, p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00edm do rezervac\u00ed a zes\u00edlenou k\u0159es\u0165anskou mis\u00ed. Podobn\u00e9 procesy prob\u00edhaly ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed i na argentinsk\u00e9 stran\u011b.<\/p><p>Navzdory tomuto tlaku se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe machi, ritu\u00e1lu ngillatun a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Pill\u00e1na a dal\u0161\u00edch duchovn\u00edch bytost\u00ed zachovala, \u010dasto v \u00fazk\u00e9m spojen\u00ed se soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a politickou sebeorganizac\u00ed komunit.<\/p><p>Dodnes trvaj\u00ed v Araucan\u00eda zna\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty o pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va mezi komunitami Mapu\u010d\u016f, lesnick\u00fdmi a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi podniky a chilsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, doprov\u00e1zen\u00e9 politick\u00fdmi spory o uzn\u00e1n\u00ed a autonomii.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha historicky utla\u010dovan\u00fdch tradic nejde u n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Mapu\u010d\u016f o kulturu vzpom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale o tradici, kter\u00e1 je dnes aktivn\u011b praktikov\u00e1na. Machi dnes p\u016fsob\u00ed jako uzn\u00e1van\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialistky, ngillatun se st\u00e1le slav\u00ed a \u00fastn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Pill\u00e1novi, Caicai-Vilu, Trentren-Vilu a bytostech mytologie Chilo\u00e9 se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p><p>V\u011bdeck\u00fd popis a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed proto mus\u00ed zohled\u0148ovat, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u017eivou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi dnes existuj\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1roda, nikoli o uzav\u0159en\u00e9 historick\u00e9 t\u00e9ma.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bytosti t\u00e9to tradice (8)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sumpall\/\" aria-label=\"Sumpall\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_sumpall-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Sumpall\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Sumpall<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pincoya\/\" aria-label=\"Pincoya\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_mapuche_pincoya-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pincoya\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pincoya<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nguruvilu\/\" aria-label=\"Nguruvilu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_nguruvilu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Nguruvilu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Nguruvilu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/caicai-vilu\/\" aria-label=\"Caicai-Vilu\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_mapuche_caicai-vilu-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Caicai-Vilu\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Caicai-Vilu<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kalku\/\" aria-label=\"Kalku\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_calku-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Kalku\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Kalku<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/anchimayen\/\" aria-label=\"Anchimayen\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_anchimayen-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Anchimayen\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Anchimayen<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/pillan\/\" aria-label=\"Pill\u00e1n\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_mapuche_pillan-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Pill\u00e1n\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Pill\u00e1n<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/cherufe\/\" aria-label=\"Cherufe\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_mapuche_cherufe-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Cherufe\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Cherufe<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>\u0160amanky machi<\/em> Mapu\u010d\u016f spojuj\u00ed kultrun, rewe a ritu\u00e1l ngillatun v dosud aktivn\u011b praktikovanou tradici ochrany a l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e jsou duchov\u00e9 a mocnosti sopek zvan\u00e9 <em>pill\u00e1n<\/em> \u00fazce propojeni s rodinou a komunitou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Mapuche Machi Kultrun Rewe Ngillatun Pill\u00e1n Wallmapu Araucan\u00eda Chilo\u00e9 Chile.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-sami\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v t\u00e9to kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradice Mapu\u010d\u016f zn\u00e1 kultrun jako svat\u00fd buben machi, rewe jako stup\u0148ovitou svatyni p\u0159ed jej\u00edm domem a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 \u0161perky (plater\u00eda mapuche) s ochrannou a statusovou funkc\u00ed; osobn\u00ed p\u0159enosn\u00e9 amulety v \u00fazk\u00e9m slova smyslu jsou dokl\u00e1d\u00e1ny m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e tyto ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00e9 formy ochrany, srovnateln\u00e9 nanejv\u00fd\u0161 s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146364\">ochrann\u00fdmi bylinami<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146377\">ochrann\u00fdmi znamen\u00edmi<\/a> jin\u00fdch kultur. P\u0159ehled ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradic nab\u00edz\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kompas-ochrany\/\">Schutz-Kompass<\/a>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na tuto kulturn\u011b-historickou linii p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd v N\u011bmecku. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20159,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"mapuche mytologie","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Mapuche mytologie: Pill\u00e1n, Machi a sv\u011bt duch\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"\u0160amanky machi, duchov\u00e9 pill\u00e1n a m\u00fdtus o potop\u011b Caicai a Trentren: mytologie Mapuch\u016f v Chile a Argentin\u011b odborn\u011b 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