{"id":146382,"date":"2026-09-03T16:46:33","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=146382"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:21:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:21:54","slug":"yorubske-nabozenstvi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yorubske-nabozenstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Yorubsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"146382\" class=\"elementor elementor-146382 elementor-20566 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hero iwg-kultur-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hl iwg-kultur-hero-left e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yorub\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9, Orisha a kult z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-leadc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-leadc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yorubov\u00e9, v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 milion\u016f lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Nig\u00e9rii a tak\u00e9 v Beninu a Togu, udr\u017euj\u00ed d\u00edky kultu Orisha jedno z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky. Jejich v\u011b\u0161teck\u00fd syst\u00e9m Ifa byl v roce 2005 organizac\u00ed UNESCO uzn\u00e1n za mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo \u00fastn\u00edho a nehmotn\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva. Svat\u00e9 m\u011bsto Ile-Ife, kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed babalawo praktikuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Ifa a maskov\u00fd kult p\u0159edk\u016f Egungun tvo\u0159\u00ed i dnes \u017eivou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi, kter\u00e1 se d\u00edky transatlantick\u00e9mu obchodu s otroky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila i na Kubu, do Braz\u00edlie a do velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Ameriky.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Yorubsk\u00fd panteon Orisha je \u00fazce spjat s p\u0159\u00edrodou, p\u0159edky a silami ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota. Tento profil p\u0159edstavuje yorubsk\u00e9 bohy a jejich kult jako n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi, kter\u00e1 je \u00fazce spojena s p\u0159\u00edrodou a p\u0159edky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-hr iwg-kultur-hero-right e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-himg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-himg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147295\" alt=\"Beaivi \u2013 bohyn\u011b z tradice S\u00e1m\u016f, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sami_beaivi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-sami elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-sami elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-sami\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd <strong>ori\u0161sk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span><\/strong> tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1te\u0159 tradi\u010dn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Yorub\u016f.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Yorub\u0161t\u00ed Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 se podle \u00fastn\u00ed tradice d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed bo\u017estev kolem nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytosti Olodumare, od mo\u0159sk\u00fdch bohyn\u00ed jako Yemoja p\u0159es bohy hromu jako Shango a\u017e k p\u0159edk\u016fm kultu Egungun. I dnes jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni v Nig\u00e9rii a v americk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jazyk Yoruba, kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a oblast os\u00eddlen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yorubov\u00e9 mluv\u00ed jazykem yoruba, kter\u00fd pat\u0159\u00ed do nigersko-kongosk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny a je nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvn\u00edm jazykem t\u00e9to rodiny. Jejich hlavn\u00ed os\u00eddlen\u00e1 oblast, \u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00e1 jako Yorubaland, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Nig\u00e9rii a zasahuje do Beninu a Toga; celkem se k Yorub\u016fm hl\u00e1s\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 milion\u016f lid\u00ed.<\/p><p>Historick\u00fdmi centry byly kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Ife (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1200 a\u017e 1420) jako nejstar\u0161\u00ed yorubsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fatvar a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Oyo, kter\u00e1 od 14. do 19. stolet\u00ed vojensky a hospod\u00e1\u0159sky ovl\u00e1dala region. Ile-Ife je v yorubsk\u00e9 kosmogonii pova\u017eov\u00e1no za m\u00edsto vzniku stvo\u0159en\u00ed a lidstva, jeho vl\u00e1dce dodnes nese titul Ooni. Existuj\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a um\u011bleck\u00e9 vazby se sousedn\u00edm kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edm Benin.<\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-kwfix\">Yorubsk\u00fd sv\u011bt bo\u017estev \u0159\u00edd\u00ed t\u0159i s\u00edly: nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost Olodumare, prost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 a p\u0159edkov\u00e9 kultu Egungun. V\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Ifa provozovan\u00e9 babalawy udr\u017euje toto v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 i dnes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Panteon: Olodumare, Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 a jejich po\u010det<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Olodumare, tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako Olorun, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost yorubsk\u00e9 kosmologie a zdroj \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly \u00c0\u1e63\u1eb9; religionista Bolaji Idowu popsal tento vztah jako \u201edifuzn\u00ed monoteismus&#8220;. Ori\u0161ov\u00e9, tak\u00e9 naz\u00fdvan\u00ed Irunm\u1ecdl\u1eb9, jsou prost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed bo\u017estva vyslan\u00e1 Olodumarem, nikoli autonomn\u00ed stvo\u0159itel\u00e9. Jejich po\u010det je v \u00fastn\u00ed tradici obvykle ud\u00e1v\u00e1n jako \u201e\u010dty\u0159i sta a jeden&#8220;, co\u017e vyjad\u0159uje nekone\u010dnost tohoto v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, jin\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i sta, sedm set nebo v\u00edce.<\/p><p>Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 se \u010dasto rozli\u0161uj\u00ed na \u201echladn\u00e9&#8220; a \u201ehork\u00e9&#8220; temperamenty, tedy klidn\u00e9, jasn\u00e9 bytosti oproti energick\u00fdm bo\u017estv\u016fm, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shango\/\">Shango<\/a>. K nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pat\u0159\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e1 matka <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146349\">Yemoja<\/a>, bohyn\u011b \u0159eky <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146348\">Oshun<\/a>, b\u016fh hromu Shango a bohyn\u011b bou\u0159e <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146397\">Oya<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Ifa a babalawov\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ifa je v\u011b\u0161teck\u00fd syst\u00e9m Yorub\u016f, pojmenovan\u00fd po bo\u017estvu Orunmila, kter\u00e9 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za moudrost a osud. Babalawo, \u201eotec tajemstv\u00ed&#8220;, se dotazuje or\u00e1kula pomoc\u00ed \u0161estn\u00e1cti palmov\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f (ikin) nebo \u0159et\u011bzu (opele) a ur\u010duje tak jeden ze \u0161estn\u00e1cti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch Odu, kter\u00e9 se spojuj\u00ed do celkem 256 kombinac\u00ed Odu. Ke ka\u017ed\u00e9mu Odu pat\u0159\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 \u00fastn\u011b tradovan\u00e9 ver\u0161e (ese Ifa), z nich\u017e babalawo odvozuje radu, m\u00fdtus a doporu\u010den\u00ed k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>V roce 2005 prohl\u00e1sila UNESCO v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Ifa mistrovsk\u00fdm d\u00edlem \u00fastn\u00edho a nehmotn\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed lidstva, v roce 2008 bylo za\u0159azeno na Reprezentativn\u00ed seznam nemateri\u00e1ln\u00edho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. U\u010denec Wande Abimbola, s\u00e1m babalawo a dlouholet\u00fd Awise Agbaye, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed Ifa, pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zprost\u0159edkovatele tohoto v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed ve 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Egungun, maskov\u00fd kult p\u0159edk\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146197\">Egungun<\/a> ozna\u010duje jak maskovan\u00e9 tane\u010dn\u00edky, tak i kolektivn\u00ed s\u00edlu p\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e1 se jejich prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vrac\u00ed do spole\u010denstv\u00ed \u017eiv\u00fdch. Umn\u011b vrstven\u00e1 roucha-masky zcela zahaluj\u00ed nositele, jeho vystoupen\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost zesnul\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Kult Egungun napl\u0148uje funkci ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, mor\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly a p\u0159enosu zpr\u00e1v a po\u017eehn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f; je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Nig\u00e9rii, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Ibadanu a Ogbomoso, ale objevuje se i v diaspo\u0159e, v\u00fdrazn\u011b na brazilsk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Itaparica. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska pat\u0159\u00ed Egungun k \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm kult\u016fm p\u0159edk\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-s-faq e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"x-sami-s-faq\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-h-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"x-sami-h-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky k yorubsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s3-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s3-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-x-sami-t-faq elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"x-sami-t-faq\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Kdo jsou Jorubov\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p>Jorubov\u00e9 jsou jedn\u00edm z velk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b Nig\u00e9rie a d\u00e1le v Beninu a Togu. Mluv\u00ed jazykem jorub\u0161tina a navazuj\u00ed na historick\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Ife a Oyo.<\/p>\n<h3>Co je Ifa?<\/h3>\n<p>Ifa je jorubsk\u00fd divina\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, nazvan\u00fd podle bo\u017estva Orunmila. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed babalawo se dotazuj\u00ed or\u00e1kula pomoc\u00ed palmov\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f nebo \u0159et\u011bzu opele a vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f podle \u0161estn\u00e1cti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch odu a jejich ver\u0161\u016f. V roce 2008 bylo Ifa uzn\u00e1no UNESCO za nehmotn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h3>Co jsou ori\u0161ov\u00e9?<\/h3>\n<p>Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 jsou bo\u017estva a zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ni za prost\u0159edn\u00edky mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost\u00ed Olodumare a lidmi. Zn\u00e1m\u00ed jsou mimo jin\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 matka Yemoja, \u0159e\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Oshun a b\u016fh hromu Shango.<\/p>\n<h3>Jak se kult ori\u0161\u016f dostal do Ameriky?<\/h3>\n<p>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm transatlantick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky se kult ori\u0161\u016f od 16. stolet\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na Kubu, do Braz\u00edlie a do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ameriky. Tam se ori\u0161ov\u00e9 pod tlakem koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f spojili s katolick\u00fdmi svat\u00fdmi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikly santer\u00eda a candombl\u00e9.<\/p>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Kdo jsou Jorubov\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Jorubov\u00e9 jsou jedn\u00edm z velk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b Nig\u00e9rie a d\u00e1le v Beninu a Togu. Mluv\u00ed jazykem jorub\u0161tina a navazuj\u00ed na historick\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Ife a Oyo.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co je Ifa?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ifa je jorubsk\u00fd divina\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, nazvan\u00fd podle bo\u017estva Orunmila. Kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed babalawo se dotazuj\u00ed or\u00e1kula pomoc\u00ed palmov\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f nebo \u0159et\u011bzu opele a vykl\u00e1daj\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f podle \u0161estn\u00e1cti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch odu a jejich ver\u0161\u016f. V roce 2008 bylo Ifa uzn\u00e1no UNESCO za nehmotn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Co jsou ori\u0161ov\u00e9?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ori\u0161ov\u00e9 jsou bo\u017estva a zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou pokl\u00e1d\u00e1ni za prost\u0159edn\u00edky mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost\u00ed Olodumare a lidmi. Zn\u00e1m\u00ed jsou mimo jin\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 matka Yemoja, \u0159e\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Oshun a b\u016fh hromu Shango.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Jak se kult ori\u0161\u016f dostal do Ameriky?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm transatlantick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky se kult ori\u0161\u016f od 16. stolet\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il na Kubu, do Braz\u00edlie a do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ameriky. Tam se ori\u0161ov\u00e9 pod tlakem koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f spojili s katolick\u00fdmi svat\u00fdmi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vznikly santer\u00eda a candombl\u00e9.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Diaspora: santer\u00eda a candombl\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm transatlantick\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky mezi 16. a 19. stolet\u00edm bylo do Ameriky odvle\u010deno mnoho milion\u016f Jorub\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed s sebou p\u0159inesli kult ori\u0161\u016f. Pod tlakem katolick\u00fdch koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f se ori\u0161ov\u00e9 navenek spojili s katolick\u00fdmi svat\u00fdmi, na Kub\u011b jako santer\u00eda (Regla de Ocha), v Braz\u00edlii jako candombl\u00e9, v Trinidadu jako samostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ori\u0161\u016f.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146349\">Yemoja<\/a> byla ztoto\u017en\u011bna s Panenkou z Regly, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146348\">Oshun<\/a> s Virgen de la Caridad, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shango\/\">Shango<\/a> se svatou Barborou a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146397\">Oya<\/a> se svatou Terezou. Po\u010det zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch v t\u011bchto tradic\u00edch se dnes odhaduje na vysok\u00e9 stovky tis\u00edc, historik um\u011bn\u00ed Robert Farris Thompson popsal jejich spole\u010dnou estetiku jako \u201eFlash of the Spirit&#8220;.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, kor\u00e1lkov\u00e9 n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky a ob\u011btiny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Barevn\u00e9 kor\u00e1lkov\u00e9 n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky (ileke), jejich\u017e barevn\u00e1 kombinace je p\u0159i\u0159azena konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu ori\u0161ovi, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm osobn\u00edm ochrann\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm jorubsk\u00e9 tradice. Kauri mu\u0161li\u010dky slou\u017e\u00ed jako platidlo i jako or\u00e1kuln\u00ed a \u0161perkov\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 deska Ifa a klepac\u00ed ty\u010d iroke jsou zase kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji divinace Ifa.<\/p><p>Svatyn\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch ori\u0161\u016f obsahuj\u00ed sochy, n\u00e1doby a n\u00e1stroje, nap\u0159\u00edklad dvojitou sekeru Shangovu nebo mo\u0159skou n\u00e1dobu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146347\">Olokuna<\/a>, kter\u00fd jako p\u00e1n oce\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hlubin symbolizuje bohatstv\u00ed. Ob\u011btiny z j\u00eddla, palmov\u00e9ho oleje a zv\u00ed\u0159at maj\u00ed podle tradice zajistit p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 bo\u017estev, umn\u011b zdoben\u00e9 od\u011bvy egungun jsou samy o sob\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nositele ochrany p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kolonizace, misie a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 sou\u010dasnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Od 19. stolet\u00ed se v jorubsk\u00e9 oblasti zes\u00edlila k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 a isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 misijn\u00ed \u010dinnost, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1va a \u0161kolstv\u00ed kult ori\u0161\u016f zatla\u010dily do pozad\u00ed, ani\u017e by jej zcela vymazaly. Mnoz\u00ed Jorubov\u00e9 dnes praktikuj\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed nebo isl\u00e1m spole\u010dn\u011b, soub\u011b\u017en\u011b nebo sm\u00ed\u0161en\u011b s uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch ori\u0161\u016f a p\u0159edk\u016f.<\/p><p>Od druh\u00e9 poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli k viditeln\u00e9 revitalizaci u\u010denci jako Wande Abimbola a William Bascom, stejn\u011b jako mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed slavnosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed festival Osun-Osogbo v posv\u00e1tn\u00e9m h\u00e1ji Osogbo, kter\u00fd je od roku 2005 zaps\u00e1n na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. V americk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e santer\u00eda a candombl\u00e9 i nad\u00e1le rostou jako samostatn\u00e1, \u017eiv\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d9a92a3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d9a92a3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2515827f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2515827f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">N\u00e1rod s n\u011bkolika kr\u00e1lovstv\u00edmi a jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 rozmanitost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25cbddf2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25cbddf2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp240cdc6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp240cdc6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jorubov\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed na jihoz\u00e1pad\u011b Nig\u00e9rie a v p\u0159il\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edch oblastech Beninu a Toga, jejich j\u00e1drov\u00e1 oblast se \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Yorubaland. Politicky nebyli Jorubov\u00e9 historicky nikdy sjednoceni v jednom jedin\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b, ale rozd\u011blovali se do \u0159ady kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, mezi nimi Ife, Oyo, Ijebu, Egba, Ekiti a Ondo, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u011bstovalo vlastn\u00ed dynastie a m\u00edstn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed formy.<\/p><p>Tato politick\u00e1 rozmanitost se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Ile-Ife je sice obecn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1no jako m\u00edsto po\u010d\u00e1tku stvo\u0159en\u00ed, ale to, kte\u0159\u00ed ori\u0161ov\u00e9 maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam v jak\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b nebo rodin\u011b, se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta jsou spojena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm s jedn\u00edm bo\u017estvem, nap\u0159\u00edklad Osogbo s \u0159e\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed Oshun, jin\u00e1 p\u011bstuj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed panteon.<\/p><p>Odli\u0161n\u00e1 je i nositelka kultu, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha ori\u0161\u016f je v\u00e1z\u00e1no na ur\u010dit\u00e9 rodov\u00e9 linie a kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e9 rodiny, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed znalosti a ritu\u00e1ly z generace na generaci. Obecn\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o \u201ejorubsk\u00e9m&#8220; n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed proto zast\u00edraj\u00ed zna\u010dnou vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozmanitost mezi regiony a liniemi.<\/p><p>V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b skupin je spole\u010dn\u00e1 p\u0159edstava o nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 bytosti jm\u00e9nem Olodumare, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00edch ori\u0161\u016f, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed role divinace Ifa a v\u00fdznam p\u0159edk\u016f v kultu egungun. I tyto spole\u010dn\u00e9 prvky se v\u0161ak region\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed a v pramenech jsou zdokumentov\u00e1ny nerovnom\u011brn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1a3dae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b1a3dae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp282c06ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp282c06ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ifa, ori\u0161ov\u00e9 a kosmologie Jorub\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp228b4522 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp228b4522\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp261454c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp261454c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem Yorub\u016f je Ifa, v\u011b\u0161tebn\u00fd postup pojmenovan\u00fd po bo\u017estvu Orunmila, kter\u00e9 je zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za mudrost, osud a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. Vych\u00e1z\u00ed z korpusu \u0161estn\u00e1cti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch znak\u016f (Odu Meji), kter\u00e9 se mezi sebou kombinuj\u00ed a d\u00e1vaj\u00ed celkem 256 Odu.<\/p><p>Babalawo, \u201eotec tajemstv\u00ed&#8220;, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ifa-v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed dv\u011bma zp\u016fsoby. Nejprve vrh\u00e1 \u0161estn\u00e1ct palmov\u00fdch o\u0159ech\u016f (ikin) nebo manipuluje s osmi\u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzem (opele), aby ur\u010dil jedno z Odu. Pot\u00e9 k tomuto Odu p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed, \u00fastn\u011b tradovan\u00e9 ver\u0161e (ese Ifa), jich\u017e existuj\u00ed tis\u00edce a z nich\u017e vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 rada, m\u00fdtus a doporu\u010den\u00ed k jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Kosmologie Yorub\u016f zn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, obvykle p\u0159\u00edmo nevz\u00fdvanou bytost Olodumare jako zdroj \u017eivotn\u00ed s\u00edly \u00c0\u1e63\u1eb9. Mezi n\u00edm a lidmi zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vaj\u00ed ori\u0161ov\u00e9, jejich\u017e po\u010det \u00fastn\u00ed tradice ud\u00e1v\u00e1 jako \u201e\u010dty\u0159i sta a jeden&#8220;, co\u017e je v\u00fdraz pro neuzav\u00edratelnost tohoto pozn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Dolo\u017eeny jsou mimo jin\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e1 bo\u017estva jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146349\">Yemoja<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146347\">Olokun<\/a>, \u0159e\u010dn\u00ed bohyn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146348\">Oshun<\/a>, bo\u017estva po\u010das\u00ed jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shango\/\">Shango<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146397\">Oya<\/a>, bo\u017estva divo\u010diny a ohn\u011b jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aganju\/\">Aganju<\/a>, jako\u017e i stromov\u00ed a lesn\u00ed duchov\u00e9 jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/iroko-muz\/\">Iroko<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aroni\/\">Aroni<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aja\/\">Aja<\/a>. K tomuto vrstevnat\u00e9mu panteonu pat\u0159\u00ed i koncept <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/abiku\/\">Abiku<\/a>, opakovan\u011b um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00edch d\u011btsk\u00fdch duch\u016f, stejn\u011b jako mrtv\u00ed a p\u0159edkov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed v kultu Egungun sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed, ve\u0159ejn\u011b viditeln\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p><p>O p\u0159esn\u00e9 systematice tohoto panteonu nepanuje ve v\u00fdzkumu \u00fapln\u00e1 shoda, proto\u017ee se \u00fastn\u00ed tradice li\u0161\u00ed region od regionu a p\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny se objevuj\u00ed a\u017e s koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed dobou. Zachovan\u00e9 ifa-ver\u0161e a ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum 20. stolet\u00ed jsou nicm\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00fdm, by\u0165 nikoli zcela vylo\u017een\u00fdm pramenem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp295547c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp295547c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28944fb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28944fb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny: \u00fastn\u00ed tradice, koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed etnografie a ifa-korpus<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23d59da4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp23d59da4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ce157b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ce157b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00edsemn\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Yorub\u016f za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pom\u011brn\u011b pozd\u011b a poch\u00e1z\u00ed nejprve p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z vn\u011bj\u0161ku. V 19. stolet\u00ed sestavili k\u0159es\u0165an\u0161t\u00ed mision\u00e1\u0159i, mezi nimi anglik\u00e1nsk\u00fd biskup Samuel Ajayi Crowther, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z rodiny osvobozen\u00fdch otrok\u016f, prvn\u00ed popisy jorubsk\u00e9ho jazyka a kultury, \u010dasto s misijn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011brem.<\/p><p>Ve 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ibyli etnografi\u010dt\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00ed badatel\u00e9. Americk\u00fd antropolog William Bascom systematicky zkoumal v 30. a 50. letech ifa-v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a jeho soci\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturu, jeho z\u00e1pisy pat\u0159\u00ed dodnes k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pramen\u016fm. Soub\u011b\u017en\u011b vznikala vlastn\u00ed jorubsk\u00e1 u\u010denost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup z vn\u011bj\u0161ku dopl\u0148ovala a opravovala.<\/p><p>Kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavou je Wande Abimbola, s\u00e1m vy\u0161kolen\u00fd babalawo a dlouholet\u00fd Awise Agbaye, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed ifa-tradice ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd zve\u0159ejnil rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 sb\u00edrky ifa-ver\u0161\u016f (ese Ifa) v jorub\u0161tin\u011b a anglick\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu. Tak\u00e9 teolog J. Omosade Awolalu p\u0159isp\u011bl sv\u00fdmi pracemi o v\u00ed\u0159e, ob\u011btech a ritu\u00e1lu podstatn\u011b k religionistick\u00e9mu zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Vlastn\u00ed pramenn\u00fd druh tvo\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e1 \u00fastn\u00ed poezie, ifa-ver\u0161e, chvalozp\u011bvy (oriki) a p\u0159\u00edslov\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se traduj\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kn\u011b\u017esk\u00fdch lini\u00ed. Nejsou v \u00fazk\u00e9m smyslu historicky fixovan\u00e9, n\u00fdbr\u017e se p\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9 recitaci znovu aktualizuj\u00ed, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje jejich religionistick\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 tvo\u0159\u00ed jejich \u017eivost.<\/p><p>Pro um\u011bleckou a materi\u00e1ln\u00ed str\u00e1nku n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd d\u011bjinn\u011b-um\u011bleck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Roberta Farrise Thompsona o estetice uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ori\u0161\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe a v americk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e. Badatel\u00e9 celkov\u011b upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed jorubsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed mus\u00ed zohlednit region\u00e1ln\u00ed a historickou rozmanitost pramen\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c009332 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c009332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp225c94da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp225c94da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Otroctv\u00ed, mise a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ori\u0161\u016f dnes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c7191ab e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c7191ab\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23f4061d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23f4061d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Historie jorubsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je \u00fazce spojena s transatlantick\u00fdm obchodem s otroky. Mezi 16. a 19. stolet\u00edm byly miliony lid\u00ed z Jorubska a sousedn\u00edch region\u016f odvle\u010deny do Ameriky, mnoz\u00ed z nich si p\u0159inesli kult ori\u0161\u016f, ifa-v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Egungun.<\/p><p>Pod n\u00e1tlakem katolick\u00e9ho koloni\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du na Kub\u011b, v Braz\u00edlii a dal\u0161\u00edch regionech bylo otev\u0159en\u00e9 provozov\u00e1n\u00ed africk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u010dasto zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Zotro\u010den\u00ed proto sv\u00e9 ori\u0161y navenek propojili s katolick\u00fdmi svat\u00fdmi, nap\u0159\u00edklad Yemoja s Panny Marie z Regly, Oshun s Virgen de la Caridad, Shango se svatou Barborou. Tak vznikla Santer\u00eda (Regla de Ocha) na Kub\u011b, Candombl\u00e9 v Braz\u00edlii a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 tradice v Trinidadu a dal\u0161\u00edch regionech.<\/p><p>V samotn\u00e9m Jorubsku za\u010dala v 19. stolet\u00ed intenzivn\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 a isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 mise, podporovan\u00e1 britskou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed spr\u00e1vou a jej\u00edm \u0161kolstv\u00edm. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ori\u0161\u016f bylo na mnoha m\u00edstech zatla\u010deno do pozad\u00ed, ale z\u016fstalo, \u010dasto soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00edm nebo isl\u00e1mem, zachov\u00e1no v rodinn\u00fdch a m\u00edstn\u00edch kultech.<\/p><p>Ve 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bli nigerij\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Wande Abimbola, k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu a kulturn\u00edmu zhodnocen\u00ed ifa-tradice, mimo jin\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm uzn\u00e1n\u00edm jako nehmotn\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO v roce 2005.<\/p><p>V americk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e vyrostly Santer\u00eda a Candombl\u00e9 ve 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed v samostatn\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed aktivn\u011b praktikovan\u00e1 na Kub\u011b, v Braz\u00edlii, USA a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch, s pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u011bkolika miliony vyznava\u010d\u016f.<\/p><p>O z\u00e1niku n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ori\u0161\u016f tak nelze mluvit. Je dnes jak v Nig\u00e9rii, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edm festivalu Osun-Osogbo, tak i ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e \u017eivou, prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou prax\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed soustavn\u011b odhaluje nov\u00e9 aspekty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-sec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-sec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bytosti t\u00e9to tradice (11)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-gc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-gc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgha-sami-grid elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgha-sami-grid\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-wesen-grid\"><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/iroko-muz\/\" aria-label=\"Iroko-mu\u017e\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_yoruba_iroko-mann-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Iroko-mu\u017e\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Iroko-mu\u017e<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aroni\/\" aria-label=\"Aroni\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_yoruba_aroni-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Aroni\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Aroni<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aja\/\" aria-label=\"Aja\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_aja-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Aja\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Aja<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yemoja\/\" aria-label=\"Yemoja\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_yemoja-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Yemoja\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Yemoja<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/oya\/\" aria-label=\"Oya\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_oya-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Oya\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Oya<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/oshun\/\" aria-label=\"Oshun\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_oshun-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Oshun\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Oshun<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/olokun\/\" aria-label=\"Olokun\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_olokun-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Olokun\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Olokun<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/egungun\/\" aria-label=\"Egungun\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/geister_yoruba_egungun-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Egungun\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Egungun<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/abiku\/\" aria-label=\"Abiku\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/daemonen_yoruba_abiku-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Abiku\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Abiku<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/shango\/\" aria-label=\"Shango\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_shango-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Shango\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Shango<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><a class=\"iwg-wesen-card\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aganju\/\" aria-label=\"Aganj\u00fa\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-imgwrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/goetter_yoruba_aganju-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Aganj\u00fa\" loading=\"lazy\"><\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-body\"><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-name\">Aganj\u00fa<\/div><div class=\"iwg-wesen-card-arrow\">\u2192 K bytosti<\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-sami-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-sami-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd <em>kult ori\u0161\u016f<\/em> spojuje uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edk\u016f, ob\u011btiny a ifa-v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed do samostatn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 praxe pro d\u016fm a rodinu, zat\u00edmco praxe babalawo, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako <em>ifa-v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/em>, dodnes vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 radu v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch zdrav\u00ed, povol\u00e1n\u00ed a vztah\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwd-c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwd-c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Orisha Ifa Babalawo Olodumare Egungun Yemoja Shango Oshun Ile-Ife Santer\u00eda Candombl\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-sami\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty v t\u00e9to kulturn\u00ed tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jorubsk\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 barevn\u00e9 kor\u00e1lkov\u00e9 n\u00e1hrdeln\u00edky (ileke) pro jednotliv\u00e9 ori\u0161y, kauri mu\u0161li\u010dky jako or\u00e1kulum a \u0161perk, vy\u0159ez\u00e1vanou desku If\u00e1 babalaw\u016f a bohat\u011b vrstven\u00e1 roucha Egungun jako viditeln\u00e9 nositele ochrany p\u0159edk\u016f; v americk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e k tomu p\u0159istupuj\u00ed barevn\u00e9 kor\u00e1lky a svat\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky santer\u00ede a candombl\u00e9, srovnateln\u00e9 s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=146376\">ochrann\u00fdmi kameny<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kourenie-a-cisteni\/\">kadidlem<\/a> jin\u00fdch kultur. P\u0159ehled ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradic nab\u00edz\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kompas-ochrany\/\">Schutz-Kompass<\/a>.<\/p><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard se do t\u00e9to kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 linie nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f za\u0159azuje jako sou\u010dasn\u00e1 materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 architektura, vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e1 v N\u011bmecku. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=kultur-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcn-sami-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgcn-sami-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":20165,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"yorub\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Yorub\u0161t\u00ed bohov\u00e9 a kult Orisha v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kult Orisha, v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Ifa a maskov\u00fd kult p\u0159edk\u016f Egungun u Yorub\u016f: religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdklad od z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky a\u017e po diasporu v 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