{"id":145644,"date":"2026-09-03T16:32:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145644"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:01:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:01:50","slug":"marassa","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/marassa\/","title":{"rendered":"Marassa"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145644\" class=\"elementor elementor-145644 elementor-3060 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bcfcfb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6bcfcfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f852e11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f852e11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d334e17 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d334e17\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c3253 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4c3253\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa, svat\u00e1 dvoj\u010data vod\u00fa<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6c7ea86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6c7ea86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marassa (tak\u00e9 Marasa, Marasa Dossou, Marasa Twa) jsou v haitsk\u00e9m vod\u00fa svat\u00e1 dvoj\u010dec\u00ed loa a pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm a nejhloub\u011bji zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fdm duch\u016fm tohoto pantheonu. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny loa, kte\u0159\u00ed vystupuj\u00ed jako jednotliv\u00e9 osobnosti, se Marassa objevuj\u00ed v\u017edy jako p\u00e1r nebo jako trojice.<\/p><p>Jsou vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni p\u0159ed ka\u017edou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremoni\u00ed<\/span> a jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za prost\u0159edn\u00edky mezi lidmi a ostatn\u00edmi loa. Jejich uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed odkazuje na velmi starou z\u00e1padoafrickou tradici sv\u011bcen\u00ed dvoj\u010dat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44279a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a44279a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d6a5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"4d6a5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Zosobn\u011bn\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka nebo plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00fd kulty, ob\u011b\u0165mi a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdmi institucemi.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/vodou\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Haitsko-z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e1 tradice v\u00fad\u00fa s bytostmi lwa, n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historicky se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky do Karibiku.\">V\u00fad\u00fa<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d62aa48 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d62aa48\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59817fb elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"59817fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny 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8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__59817fb\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2a99aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e2a99aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2e25dd iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"f2e25dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147199\" alt=\"Marassa \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z tradice vodou, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_vodou_marassa.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-480bcaf e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"480bcaf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bafae22 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bafae22\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fef211 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2fef211\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 ko\u0159eny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36c3afc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"36c3afc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 ko\u0159eny v n\u011bkolika z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. U Yorub\u016f jsou dvoj\u010data uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako Ibeji, jedna z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch manifestac\u00ed Ori\u0161\u016f s vlastn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly a sochami.<\/p><p>U Fon\u016f v dne\u0161n\u00edm Beninu je narozen\u00ed dvoj\u010dat rovn\u011b\u017e pova\u017eov\u00e1no za svatou ud\u00e1lost, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eaduje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornost. Vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra porodnosti dvoj\u010dat v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti Yorub\u016f, kde je jedna z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch m\u011br porodnosti dvoj\u010dat na sv\u011bt\u011b, tuto n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou specializaci mo\u017en\u00e1 podn\u00edtila.<\/p>\n\n<p>Alfred M\u00e9traux ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle \u00abLe vaudou ha\u00eftien\u00bb spojil z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvoj\u010dat s haitsk\u00fdmi Marassa a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed struktura (uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvoj\u010dec\u00edch duch\u016f jako svat\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru) se v Karibiku zachovala, zat\u00edmco konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podoba se karibsky p\u0159em\u011bnila.<\/p><p>Karen McCarthy Brown ve sv\u00e9 knize \u00abMama Lola\u00bb zdokumentovala rodinnou a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed praxi uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa a uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee tito duchov\u00e9 hraj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli zejm\u00e9na v dom\u00e1cnostech s dvoj\u010daty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a158371 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a158371\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f31b7ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f31b7ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa jako d\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed duchov\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-789d217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"789d217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marassa se ve vod\u00fa praxi objevuj\u00ed jako d\u011bti nebo mlad\u00ed duchov\u00e9. Kdy\u017e ovl\u00e1dnou kon\u011b-v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edho, chov\u00e1 se d\u011btsky, \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o sladkosti, hraje si s hra\u010dkami a mluv\u00ed vysok\u00fdm, n\u011bkdy \u0161eplaj\u00edc\u00edm hlasem.<\/p><p>Tato d\u011btsk\u00e1 manifestace je v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161uje od dosp\u011bl\u00fdch loa ostatn\u00edch rodin a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bl\u00edzkost k p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Maya Deren ve sv\u00e9 knize \u00abDivine Horsemen\u00bb popsala d\u011btskou podobu Marassa jako teologick\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed: reprezentuj\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed d\u011btstv\u00ed, nevinn\u00e9ho v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a nerozd\u011blen\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Marassa znaj\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00ed neznaj\u00ed, pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee je\u0161t\u011b neuspo\u0159\u00e1dali sv\u011bt do kategori\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9 logiky. Tato epistemick\u00e1 privilegovanost d\u011btsk\u00e9ho je aspekt vod\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, kter\u00fd je m\u00e1lo prozkoum\u00e1n, ale v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxi hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe0b6ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe0b6ce\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3bd3ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f3bd3ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa Dossou a Marassa Twa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52d4095 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52d4095\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V r\u00e1mci tradice Marassa se rozli\u0161uj\u00ed dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed formy: Marassa Dossou a Marassa Twa. Marassa Dossou ozna\u010duje dvojici dopln\u011bnou o narozen\u00e9ho sourozence, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e se p\u0159ipisuje p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> zem\u0159el\u00e9ho dvoj\u010dete.<\/p><p>V tradi\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9m pojet\u00ed je d\u00edt\u011b narozen\u00e9 po dvoj\u010datech pova\u017eov\u00e1no za duchovn\u011b spojen\u00e9 s dvoj\u010daty, \u010dasto jako jejich \u201enapln\u011bn\u00ed\u201c. Na Haiti se tato p\u0159edstava zachovala a formuje rodiny, v nich\u017e se dvoj\u010data narod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Marassa Twa (\u201eT\u0159i Marassa\u201c) ozna\u010duje trojici tvo\u0159enou dv\u011bma dvoj\u010daty a doprovodn\u00fdm duchem, kter\u00fd b\u00fdv\u00e1 spojov\u00e1n s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm loa Damballou, nebo se objevuje jako kosmick\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed prvek.<\/p><p>Tato troj\u010dlenn\u00e1 struktura struktur\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165anskou trojici a praktikuj\u00edc\u00ed vodou ji ob\u010das p\u0159irovn\u00e1vali ke sch\u00e9matu Otec-Syn-Duch svat\u00fd, ani\u017e by mezi nimi existovala teologick\u00e1 toto\u017enost. Leslie Desmangles tuto paralelu popsal jako p\u0159\u00edklad \u201edvoj\u00ed religiozity\u201c vodou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55448c8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"55448c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d892df6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d892df6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Praxe vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed a ritu\u00e1lu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed0494f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed0494f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marassa jsou vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni p\u0159ed ka\u017edou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vod\u00fa <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremoni\u00ed<\/span>, \u010dasto hned po Papa Legbovi, loa cest a otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jejich <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nezbytnou p\u0159\u00edpravu pro v\u0161echna dal\u0161\u00ed vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee Marassa nastoluj\u00ed kosmickou rovnov\u00e1hu a st\u00e1vaj\u00ed se ochr\u00e1nci cel\u00e9ho ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bn\u00ed. Zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa m\u016f\u017ee podle vod\u00fa v\u00e9st k \u017e\u00e1rlivosti duch\u016f a k naru\u0161en\u00ed ritu\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ob\u011btiny pro Marassa tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sladkosti, kol\u00e1\u010de, ban\u00e1ny, hra\u010dky a drobn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty, kter\u00e9 d\u011btem p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed radost.<\/p><p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed formou je \u00abtable des Marassa\u00bb, mal\u00fd st\u016fl s pokrmy a d\u00e1rky, kter\u00fd se stav\u00ed p\u0159ed hlavn\u00ed ceremoni\u00ed. Marassa jsou vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni ve vlastn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b p\u00edsn\u00ed, jejich\u017e bubnov\u00fd rytmus se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho rytmu ostatn\u00edch loa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13187b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"13187b2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7b1b4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a7b1b4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rodinn\u00e1 praxe p\u0159i narozen\u00ed dvoj\u010dat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9895f58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9895f58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V haitsk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch, kde se narod\u00ed dvoj\u010data, je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b intenzivn\u00ed. Rodi\u010de po cel\u00fd \u017eivot vykon\u00e1vaj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly, aby udr\u017eovali duchovn\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi pozemsk\u00fdmi dvoj\u010daty a duchy Marassa.<\/p><p>Tyto ritu\u00e1ly zahrnuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edk, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mal\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho olt\u00e1\u0159e, no\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u0161perk\u016f a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed specifick\u00fdch pravidel chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di dvoj\u010dat\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pokud jedno z dvoj\u010dat zem\u0159e, je s p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edm zach\u00e1zeno se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed opatrnost\u00ed, proto\u017ee podle vod\u00fa nyn\u00ed nese du\u0161i zesnul\u00e9ho v sob\u011b.<\/p><p>Karen McCarthy Brown ve sv\u00e9 knize \u00abMama Lola\u00bb tyto komplexn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly zdokumentovala a uk\u00e1zala, jak tradice Marassa formuje rodinnou identitu po generace. V transnacion\u00e1ln\u00edch haitsk\u00fdch rodin\u00e1ch se tato tradice udr\u017euje i v USA a v Kanad\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee0d539 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ee0d539\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-143df92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"143df92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Synkretick\u00e1 identifikace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edaa1b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"edaa1b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V katolicko-vod\u00faistick\u00e9m synkretick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu jsou Marassa identifikov\u00e1ni se svat\u00fdmi dvoj\u010daty Kosmou a Dami\u00e1nem, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v katolick\u00e9 tradici uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako l\u00e9\u010ditel\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tato identifikace funguje dob\u0159e, proto\u017ee Kosmas a Dami\u00e1n (3. stolet\u00ed) jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako bratrsk\u00e1 dvojice a oba jsou spojov\u00e1ni s l\u00e9\u010ditelsk\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm. V katolick\u00fdch kostelech na Haiti jsou jejich sv\u00e1tky (26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed) spojeny s vod\u00faistick\u00fdmi ob\u0159ady Marassa.<\/p>\n\n<p>Druh\u00e1 linie identifikace vede ke svat\u00fdm Ani\u00e1novi a Julianovi nebo k \u00abT\u0159em kr\u00e1l\u016fm\u00bb, zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou Marassa Twa uct\u00edv\u00e1ni ve sv\u00e9 troj\u010dlenn\u00e9 form\u011b. Tato alternativn\u00ed identifikace ukazuje flexibilitu synkretick\u00e9 praxe: podle kontextu a m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice mohou jako vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed kotva slou\u017eit r\u016fzn\u00e9 dvojice nebo skupiny katolick\u00fdch svat\u00fdch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfa7760 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cfa7760\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0fe740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a0fe740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Teologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46c2ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46c2ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Marassa zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed ve vod\u00faistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> princip p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed a kosmick\u00e9ho zdvojen\u00ed. V mnoha vod\u00faistick\u00fdch textech jsou popisov\u00e1ni jako \u00abkosmick\u00e1 dvoj\u010data\u00bb, jejich\u017e spojen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzorec reality.<\/p><p>Maya Deren zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee tato my\u0161lenka je pro vod\u00faistick\u00fd obraz sv\u011bta kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1: v\u0161e na sv\u011bt\u011b se objevuje v p\u00e1rech, od pohlav\u00ed p\u0159es posloupnost dne a noci a\u017e po pol\u00e1rn\u00ed aspekty samotn\u00fdch loa.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tato p\u00e1rov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> spojuje Marassa s Damballou a Ayidou Wedo, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1ni jako kosmick\u00fd p\u00e1r. Na rozd\u00edl od t\u011bchto dosp\u011bl\u00fdch p\u00e1rov\u00fdch bo\u017estev v\u0161ak Marassa p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed d\u011btskou, p\u0159edpohlavn\u00ed formu p\u00e1rov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm, n\u00fdbr\u017e sourozeneck\u00fdm spojen\u00edm.<\/p><p>Joan Dayan v knize \u00abHaiti, History, and the Gods\u00bb tuto teologickou diferenciaci rozpracovala a uk\u00e1zala, jak se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ve vod\u00faistick\u00e9 koncepci osoby a vztahu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df2cbf1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df2cbf1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ac808 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48ac808\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Marassa v diaspo\u0159e a ve v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c936ebb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c936ebb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V haitsk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v USA a v Kanad\u011b, uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa pokra\u010duje. Karen McCarthy Brown zdokumentovala, jak hait\u0161t\u00ed rodi\u010de v Brooklynu a Miami udr\u017euj\u00ed tradici Marassa i p\u0159es podm\u00ednky m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, \u010dasto s adaptac\u00ed na nov\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed podm\u00ednky.<\/p><p>Hra\u010dky dostupn\u00e9 v USA se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu na vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edk\u016f, prosby nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span> pro Marassa; m\u00edstn\u00ed pek\u00e1rny dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu ob\u0159adn\u00edmu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> nezbytn\u00e9 kol\u00e1\u010dky.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Marassa je m\u00e9n\u011b rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd ne\u017e v\u00fdzkum v\u011bnovan\u00fd prominentn\u00edm loa, jako jsou Damballa, Ogou nebo Gede. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od Mayi Deren, Alfreda M\u00e9trauxe, Karen McCarthy Brown a Claudine Michel.<\/p><p>Systematick\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed studie o uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvoj\u010dat v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe a v karibsk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e dosud neexistuje. Sandra Barnes a Henry Drewal ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch o tradici Yoruba-Ibeji poskytli d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro budouc\u00ed komplexn\u00ed studii tradice Marassa.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47daaae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47daaae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cd02d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7cd02d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice Yoruba-Ibeji jako pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5afafe1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5afafe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed Marassa lze nejpodrobn\u011bji rekonstruovat na p\u0159\u00edkladu tradice Yoruba-Ibeji. U Yorub\u016f jsou dvoj\u010data ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako svat\u00e9 osoby, jejich\u017e narozen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje od rodiny zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed vztah k ori\u0161ovi Ibeji.<\/p><p>Zem\u0159e-li jedno z dvoj\u010dat v kojeneck\u00e9m v\u011bku, rodina si nech\u00e1 vy\u0159ezat d\u0159ev\u011bnou figurku \u00abere ibeji\u00bb, kter\u00e1 zastupuje zesnul\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b a je nad\u00e1le zahrnov\u00e1na do rodinn\u00e9 praxe: je myta, krmena, opatrov\u00e1na a zdobena drobn\u00fdmi \u0161perky.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Marilyn Houlberg tuto tradici systematicky zdokumentovala v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u00abNotes on Egungun Masquerades among the Oyo Yoruba\u00bb (African Arts 1978) a v n\u011bkolika stat\u00edch pro \u00abSacred Arts of Haitian Vodou\u00bb (Cosentino 1995).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Robert Farris Thompson v knize \u00abFlash of the Spirit\u00bb (New York 1983) zast\u00e1val tezi, \u017ee transatlantick\u00fd p\u0159enos uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed dvoj\u010dat prob\u00edhal ve v\u00edce vln\u00e1ch a \u017ee haitsk\u00e1 tradice Marassa p\u0159edstavuje sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed substr\u00e1t\u016f Yoruba-Ibeji a Fon-Hohovi.<\/span><\/p><p>Hohovi jsou dvoj\u010data u Fon\u016f, kter\u00fdm se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 podobn\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed pozornosti jako Ibeji u Yorub\u016f. Haitsk\u00e1 forma oba substr\u00e1ty integruje a dopl\u0148uje je o specificky kreolsk\u00e9 prvky, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o d\u011btsky burleskn\u00ed manifestaci ve vod\u00faistick\u00fdch ob\u0159adech.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e35c752 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e35c752\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66fcab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e66fcab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mange-marasa: Hostina Marassa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ef57d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ef57d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm samostatn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span> pro Marassa je \u00abmange-marasa\u00bb (\u00abhostina Marassa\u00bb), kter\u00e1 se v pravideln\u00fdch intervalech slav\u00ed v hounforech spojen\u00fdch s Marassa. P\u0159i t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti se p\u0159iprav\u00ed st\u016fl s mal\u00fdmi miskami, v ka\u017ed\u00e9 misce jsou stejn\u00e1 j\u00eddla ve troj\u00edm proveden\u00ed: t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy sladkost\u00ed, t\u0159i \u0161\u00e1lky hork\u00e9 \u010dokol\u00e1dy, t\u0159i ban\u00e1ny, t\u0159i kousky kuku\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9ho kol\u00e1\u010de.<\/p><p>Na zem se rovn\u011b\u017e stav\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017e ze sv\u00ed\u010dek, se t\u0159emi sv\u00ed\u010dkami pro t\u0159i skupiny Marassa (Marassa Ginen, Marassa Kongo, Marassa Kreyol). Mal\u00e9 d\u011bti z komunity jsou zv\u00e1ny ke spole\u010dn\u00e9mu j\u00eddlu, proto\u017ee Marassa jed\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Karen McCarthy Brown popsala v knize \u00abMama Lola\u00bb konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed mange-marasa v Brooklynu, se z\u00e1pisky o p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b, o j\u00eddlech a o reakc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed. Ukazuje, jak tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> posiluje rodinn\u00e9 a komunitn\u00ed vazby a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 teologick\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed, \u017ee Marassa p\u016fsob\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm d\u011btstv\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Claudine Michel v n\u011bkolika stat\u00edch psala o v\u00fdznamu Marassa pro v\u00fdchovu haitsk\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe napl\u0148uje i pedagogickou funkci.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f692665 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f692665\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78226f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78226f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u0159i n\u00e1rody Marassa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ced90f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ced90f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V rozvinut\u00e9 vodouistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> nejsou Marassa ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jen jako dvojice nebo trojice, ale jsou rozd\u011bleni do t\u0159\u00ed \u201en\u00e1rod\u016f\u201c (\u201enasyon\u201c), kter\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed t\u0159i velk\u00e9 tradice p\u016fvodu haitsk\u00e9ho vodou: Marassa Ginen (z\u00e1padoafrick\u00fd substr\u00e1t), Marassa Kongo (kon\u017esk\u00fd substr\u00e1t) a Marassa Kreyol (vznikl\u00fd na Haiti).<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto n\u00e1rod\u016f m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b, vlastn\u00ed bubenick\u00e9 rytmy a vlastn\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9 barvy. Marassa Ginen jsou uct\u00edv\u00e1ni v b\u00edl\u00e9, Marassa Kongo v \u010derven\u00e9 a modr\u00e9, Marassa Kreyol v duhov\u011b barevn\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Donald Cosentino zdokumentoval toto ikonografick\u00e9 trojit\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed v d\u00edle \u00abSacred Arts of Haitian Vodou\u00bb (Los Angeles 1995). Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed ukazuje, jak vodou ritu\u00e1ln\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu: t\u0159i n\u00e1rody nejsou m\u00edn\u011bny pouze eticko-historicky, ale teologicky, jako reprezentace t\u0159\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u201ecest\u201c (\u201echemen\u201c), po nich\u017e loa dorazili na Haiti.<\/span><\/p><p>Joan Dayan v d\u00edle \u00abHaiti, History, and the Gods\u00bb rozpracovala kulturn\u011b-historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tohoto rozd\u011blen\u00ed a interpretovala jej jako kolektivn\u00ed sebereflexi haitsk\u00e9 religiozity.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98ef929 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"98ef929\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce67125 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ce67125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d8cdef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d8cdef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>Alfred M\u00e9traux, \u00abLe vaudou ha\u00eftien\u00bb (Paris 1958).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Karen McCarthy Brown, \u00abMama Lola\u00bb (Berkeley 1991), zejm\u00e9na kapitoly o rodinn\u00e9 praxi Marassa.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Claudine Michel, \u00abAspects \u00e9ducatifs et moraux du vodou ha\u00eftien\u00bb (Port-au-Prince 1995).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>K yorubsk\u00fdm Ibeji: Marilyn Houlberg, \u00abIbeji Images of the Yoruba\u00bb, in \u00abAfrican Arts\u00bb 7 (1973), a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky v Cosentino (ed.) 1995.<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Robert Farris Thompson, \u00abFlash of the Spirit\u00bb (New York 1983).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Henry John Drewal, \u00abYoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought\u00bb (New York 1989).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Babatunde Lawal, \u00abThe Gelede Spectacle: Art, Gender, and Social Harmony in an African Culture\u00bb (Seattle 1996).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span data-nosnippet>K fonsk\u00e9 tradici Hohovi: Melville J. Herskovits, \u00abDahomey\u00bb (New York 1938); Suzanne Preston Blier, \u00abAfrican Vodun\u00bb (Chicago 1995).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/literatura\/\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3283,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Marassa","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Marassa \u2013 svat\u00e1 dvoj\u010data vod\u00fa | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Marassa jsou svat\u00e1 dvoj\u010data vod\u00fa: Dawa a Damba, Dossou a Dossa. 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