{"id":145639,"date":"2026-09-03T16:32:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145639"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:01:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:01:41","slug":"sansin","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sansin\/","title":{"rendered":"Sansin"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145639\" class=\"elementor elementor-145639 elementor-3055 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa5432 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0fa5432\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e71104a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e71104a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23a6631 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23a6631\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be1262b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"be1262b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sansin, korejsk\u00fd horsk\u00fd b\u016fh<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4439582 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4439582\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sansin je korejsk\u00fd horsk\u00fd b\u016fh, jeho\u017e svatyn\u011b stoj\u00ed na posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch a kter\u00fd bd\u00ed nad krajinou, lesy a zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. Sansin (korejsky \uc0b0\uc2e0, \u5c71\u795e) je korejsk\u00fd horsk\u00fd b\u016fh a je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo korejsk\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho nebesk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce Hananima nebo transcendentn\u00edch b\u00f3dhisattv\u016f buddhismu je Sansin m\u00edstn\u011b ukotven\u00e9, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b vz\u00fdvan\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, jeho\u017e svatyn\u011b se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v hor\u00e1ch Koreje. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m korejsk\u00e9ho poloostrova a zachovalo se vedle buddhistick\u00fdch, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdch a \u0161amansk\u00fdch tradic a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a5263a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2a5263a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-392eea8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"392eea8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: Personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu kultury, s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti \u2014 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka, plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kult\u016f, ob\u011bt\u00ed a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00ed.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/korea\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Korejsk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f, \u0161aman\u016f a lidov\u00fdch duch\u016f.\">Korea<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7363c79 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7363c79\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ebd61f elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"4ebd61f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4ebd61f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__4ebd61f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__4ebd61f\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e2429f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2e2429f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee3458 iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dee3458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_sansin-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147234\" alt=\"Sansin \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z korejsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_sansin-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_sansin-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_sansin-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_korea_sansin-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d3269 e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"38d3269\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03c9e37 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"03c9e37\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a42e5ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a42e5ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Quellenlage<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-073e3ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"073e3ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00edsemn\u00e9 doklady o uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Sansina sahaj\u00ed a\u017e do obdob\u00ed T\u0159\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed (1. a\u017e 7. stolet\u00ed). \u00abSamguk Sagi\u00bb a \u00abSamguk Yusa\u00bb vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o horsk\u00fdch ob\u0159adech na svat\u00fdch vrcholc\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za s\u00eddla m\u00edstn\u00edch bo\u017estev.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 d\u00edlo \u00abDongguk Yeoji Seungnam\u00bb (\u00abRoz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159ehled geografie Koreje\u00bb, 1481) zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010detn\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b s jejich m\u00edstn\u00edmi Sansiny. Korejsk\u00e1 buddhistick\u00e1 tradice od 4. stolet\u00ed zahrnula uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor do sv\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed topografie; ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> m\u00e1 malou s\u00ed\u0148 pro Sansina, kter\u00e1 se \u010dasto stav\u00ed za hlavn\u00ed buddhovskou s\u00edn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>James Grayson a Don Baker shrnuli stav pramen\u016f ve sv\u00fdch p\u0159ehledech d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Boudewijn Walraven ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch o korejsk\u00e9 \u0161amansk\u00e9 praxi uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Sansin je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n i p\u0159i \u0161amansk\u00fdch ob\u0159adech (\u00abgut\u00bb), zejm\u00e9na p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch a ochrann\u00fdch ritech. Antonetta Bruno systematicky zdokumentovala n\u00e1pisy a ikonografick\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed z horsk\u00fdch svatyn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eafe57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2eafe57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56460ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56460ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie a zobrazen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12abafe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"12abafe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sansin je v obrazov\u00e9 tradici nej\u010dast\u011bji zobrazov\u00e1n jako star\u00fd mu\u017e s b\u00edl\u00fdm vousem, sed\u00edc\u00ed pod borovic\u00ed, oble\u010den\u00fd v tradi\u010dn\u00edm korejsk\u00e9m rouchu a s v\u011bj\u00ed\u0159em nebo hol\u00ed v ruce. Po jeho boku stoj\u00ed tygr, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed jako jeho j\u00edzdn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e nebo posel.<\/p><p>Tato obrazov\u00e1 kompozice je ikonograficky ust\u00e1len\u00e1 od 17. stolet\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech, zejm\u00e9na v provincii Gangwon, je Sansin zobrazov\u00e1n tak\u00e9 jako star\u00e1 \u017eena, co\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 matriarch\u00e1ln\u00ed horsk\u00e9 kulty, o nich\u017e se v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e diskutuje.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tygr je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pr\u016fvodn\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem Sansina a v korejsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda zkoumaj\u00edc\u00ed lidovou kulturu, zvyky a tradovan\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkloristice<\/span> m\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za str\u00e1\u017ece hor, vykonavatele trest\u016f Sansina a ochr\u00e1nce zbo\u017en\u00fdch.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch tradic\u00edch se tygr p\u0159\u00edmo spl\u00fdv\u00e1 s horsk\u00fdm bohem, co\u017e se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i v korejsk\u00e9m p\u00edsemn\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu: \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd znak pro \u00abhorsk\u00fd b\u016fh\u00bb (\u5c71\u795e) je ob\u010das nahrazov\u00e1n \u00absymbolem tygra\u00bb.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48ccbd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"48ccbd1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3966636 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3966636\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Svatyn\u011b a horsk\u00e9 kulty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5d7e67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5d7e67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi svatyn\u011bmi Sansina jsou \u00absansin-gak\u00bb, mal\u00e9 svatyn\u011b budovan\u00e9 v bl\u00edzkosti horsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f nebo na v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch vrcholc\u00edch.<\/p><p>Skupina svatyn\u011b obvykle sest\u00e1v\u00e1 z centr\u00e1ln\u00ed hlavn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b s vyobrazen\u00edm Sansina a jeho tygra, \u010dasto dopln\u011bn\u00e9 o kadidelnice a ob\u011btn\u00ed stoly. V kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edm kontextu se o svatyn\u011b staraj\u00ed buddhisti\u010dt\u00ed mni\u0161i, ve vesnick\u00e9m kontextu m\u00edstn\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed nebo \u0161amani.<\/p>\n\n<p>Slavn\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na ho\u0159e Pektu (na severu, je\u017e je z\u00e1rove\u0148 pova\u017eov\u00e1na za horu Hwanunga a Hwanina), na ho\u0159e \u010cirisan, na ho\u0159e Hallasan na ostrov\u011b \u010ced\u017eu, na ho\u0159e Seoraksan a na ho\u0159e Bukhan v bl\u00edzkosti Soulu.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto svatyn\u00ed m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed tradice, vlastn\u00ed sv\u00e1tky a vlastn\u00ed mytick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy. Boudewijn Walraven ve sv\u00fdch ter\u00e9nn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumech zdokumentoval pestrost t\u011bchto m\u00edstn\u00edch kult\u016f a uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor m\u00e1 p\u0159es svou zd\u00e1nlivou jednotnost siln\u011b region\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39611fd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39611fd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fceafa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fceafa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztah k buddhismu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-196563c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"196563c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zapojen\u00ed Sansina do buddhistick\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00ed topografie je pozoruhodn\u00fdm procesem. Ve 4. a 5. stolet\u00ed, kdy buddhismus p\u0159i\u0161el do Koreje z \u010c\u00edny, nalezl hory u\u017e jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu, a t\u00edm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svat\u00e9<\/span>.<\/p><p>Mni\u0161i m\u00edsto boje proti uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor tyto kulty zahrnuli do sv\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f a m\u00edstn\u00edm horsk\u00fdm bo\u017estv\u016fm dali pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v kl\u00e1\u0161te\u0159e, ov\u0161em v postaven\u00ed pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 postavy. Don Baker popsal tuto praxi jako typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad \u00abhierarchick\u00e9 integrace\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m korejsk\u00e9m buddhistick\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> se proto dnes nach\u00e1z\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148 naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 \u00abSansin-gak\u00bb, v n\u00ed\u017e stoj\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed horsk\u00e9ho boha s jeho tygrem.<\/p><p>P\u0159ed t\u00edmto obrazem se konaj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ob\u0159ady s kadidlem a modlitby, zejm\u00e9na laiky, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed o ochranu rodiny, \u00fasp\u011bch v obchodn\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech nebo uzdraven\u00ed z nemoc\u00ed. Tato praxe je dnes samoz\u0159ejmou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy korejsk\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6c70df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6c70df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e116e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e116e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 a \u0161amansk\u00e9 p\u0159isvojen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52106e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"52106e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ani konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice obdob\u00ed Joseon (1392 a\u017e 1910) neodstranila uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor zcela. Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kultu; kr\u00e1l ob\u011btoval u n\u011bkolika hor, kter\u00e9 byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za ochrann\u00e9 hory \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/p><p>Bukhansan pobl\u00ed\u017e Soulu byl jednou z t\u011bchto \u00ab\u010dty\u0159 ochrann\u00fdch hor\u00bb. Tyto ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly se svou ritualizovanou formou li\u0161ily od lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe, ale sd\u00edlely s n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o svatosti hor.<\/p>\n\n<p>V \u0161amansk\u00e9m kontextu je Sansin vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch duch\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed v ritu\u00e1lech \u00abgut\u00bb. \u0160amanka nebo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd specialista, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi lidmi a duchovn\u00edm sv\u011btem.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161aman<\/span> ho na dobu ob\u0159adu zt\u011bles\u0148uje a zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 jeho poselstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Tato medi\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce je jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch rys\u016f korejsk\u00e9 \u0161amansk\u00e9 praxe. Boudewijn Walraven ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch o \u0161amansk\u00e9 praxi v Songdo a Soulu uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Sansin zauj\u00edm\u00e1 v \u0161amansk\u00e9 hierarchii vysok\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, ani\u017e by fungoval jako jedin\u00fd hlavn\u00ed duch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1346c7f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1346c7f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ac0ad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ac0ad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sansin a Dangun<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eff8cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eff8cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 souvislost existuje mezi Sansinem a Dangunem, mytick\u00fdm praotcem Koreje. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch verz\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o Dangunovi se Dangun na konci sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota uch\u00fdlil na horu Asadal a stal se tam Sansinem.<\/p><p>Toto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed spojuje n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zakladatelsk\u00fd m\u00fdtus s lidov\u00fdm uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm hor a d\u00e1v\u00e1 Sansinovi kvazi-n\u00e1rodn\u011b-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd charakter. James Grayson upozornil na to, \u017ee toto spojen\u00ed bylo teologicky rozvinuto v hnut\u00ed Daejonggyo ve 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch svatyn\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na severu, je Sansin proto ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n s Dangunem nebo uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako jeho odkaz. Tato dvoj\u00ed identita vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi ryze m\u00edstn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span> a n\u00e1rodn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span>. Je p\u0159\u00edkladem pru\u017enosti korejsk\u00e9 religiozity, kter\u00e1 je schopna v jedn\u00e9 postav\u011b propojit velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vrstvy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a60d21 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6a60d21\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60f580f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60f580f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stav bad\u00e1n\u00ed a sou\u010dasnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-669cfb6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"669cfb6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdzkum Sansina je nesen p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm korejsk\u00fdmi religionisty. Na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni p\u0159edlo\u017eili nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie Boudewijn Walraven, James Grayson, Don Baker, Hong-Key Yoon a Antonetta Bruno. Hong-Key Yoon z perspektivy kulturn\u00ed geografie uk\u00e1zal, jak horsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b formuj\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed korejsk\u00e9 krajiny a jak je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor spojeno s pungsu (geomanci\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n<p>V modern\u00edm korejsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Sansin p\u0159\u00edtomen i p\u0159es urbanizaci a modernizaci. Turist\u00e9 v n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parc\u00edch nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed Sansin-gak a zapaluj\u00ed vonn\u00e9 ty\u010dinky; \u0161amani putuj\u00ed za zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly ke svat\u00fdm hor\u00e1m; a ve velk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Sansinovy s\u00edn\u011b k pevn\u00e9mu programu mnoha v\u011b\u0159\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p><p>Horsk\u00fd b\u016fh tak p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou vrstvu, kter\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 pod m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edmi se hlavn\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi a kter\u00e1 spoluutv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed korejskou religiozitu a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be9a0c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be9a0c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04f0a57 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"04f0a57\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sansin v lidov\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9de710a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9de710a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Korejsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed zachytilo Sansina na \u010detn\u00fdch obrazov\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch, d\u0159evo\u0159ezech a v\u00fd\u0161ivk\u00e1ch. V pozdn\u00edm obdob\u00ed Joseon vznikl obrazov\u00fd typ \u00absansin-do\u00bb, deska horsk\u00e9ho boha, kter\u00e1 siln\u011b stylizovanou formou zobrazuje Sansina s tygrem, borovic\u00ed, borovicov\u00fdmi \u0161i\u0161kami a n\u011bkdy s plodem broskvon\u011b.<\/p><p>Tyto obrazov\u00e9 desky byly uct\u00edv\u00e1ny v kl\u00e1\u0161terech a \u010dasto vystavov\u00e1ny v muze\u00edch lidov\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Stylisticky spojuj\u00ed buddhistick\u00e9 obrazov\u00e9 konvence s lidovou naivitou.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tak\u00e9 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed tradice obdob\u00ed Joseon Sansina zpracovala. V mnoha lidov\u00fdch poh\u00e1dk\u00e1ch (\u00abminhwa\u00bb) se objevuje jako zkou\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed, pomocn\u00edk nebo jako trestaj\u00edc\u00ed instance za lidsk\u00e1 provin\u011bn\u00ed. Tato vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed ho ukazuj\u00ed jako mor\u00e1ln\u00ed instanci s jasnou uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed funkc\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odli\u0161uje od sp\u00ed\u0161e chaotick\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch d\u00e9mon\u016f.<\/p><p>Antonetta Bruno ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch o korejsk\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, jak tato mor\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce povy\u0161uje Sansina na jakoby konfuci\u00e1nskou instanci ctnosti, ani\u017e by byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho panteonu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eedaa40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eedaa40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a64f96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a64f96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">David A. Mason a etnografick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6f43d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6f43d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed etnografickou dokumentaci Sansinova kultu p\u0159edlo\u017eil americk\u00fd korejanista David A. Mason.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Jeho d\u00edlo \u00abSpirit of the Mountains: Korea&#8217;s San-shin and Traditions of Mountain-Worship\u00bb (Soul 1999) dokumentuje p\u0159es dv\u011b st\u011b Sansinov\u00fdch svatyn\u00ed v korejsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161terech a vesnic\u00edch a popisuje region\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span>.<\/span><\/p><p>Mason ukazuje, \u017ee zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jednotn\u00e1 obrazov\u00e1 tradice se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze t\u0159\u00ed prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se region\u00e1ln\u011b kombinuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u011b: patriarch\u00e1ln\u00ed b\u011blovous\u00fd Sansin ze st\u0159edn\u00edch provinci\u00ed, \u017eena-Sansin na ostrov\u011b Jeju a v \u010d\u00e1stech Jeolla, a Sansin ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00fd s Dangunem na severu.<\/p>\n<p>Z Masonova soupisu vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee Sansinova s\u00ed\u0148 korejsk\u00e9ho kl\u00e1\u0161tera stoj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou v\u00fdchodn\u011b nebo severov\u00fdchodn\u011b od hlavn\u00ed buddhistick\u00e9 s\u00edn\u011b a je um\u00edst\u011bna podle krit\u00e9ri\u00ed pungsu (korejsk\u00e9 geomancie) tak, aby zrcadlila \u00abzadn\u00ed horu\u00bb (\u00abjinsan\u00bb) kl\u00e1\u0161tera.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tato architektonick\u00e1 konvence prostorov\u011b v\u00e1\u017ee uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed horsk\u00e9ho boha k buddhistick\u00e9mu kl\u00e1\u0161tern\u00edmu \u0159\u00e1du. Hong-Key Yoon tuto geomantickou logiku systematicky popsal v knize \u00abThe Culture of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 nauka o harmonick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed staveb a prostor.\" tabindex=\"0\">Fengshui<\/span> in Korea\u00bb (2006) a uk\u00e1zal, jak je hora sama pomoc\u00ed v\u00fdkladu pungsu konstituov\u00e1na jako duchovn\u00ed veli\u010dina.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad745d7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ad745d7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7916a8e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7916a8e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ostrov Jeju a \u017eensko-sansinovsk\u00e1 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff39712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ff39712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na ostrov\u011b \u010ced\u017eu (Jeju) se dochovala samostatn\u00e1 tradice horsk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva, jej\u00edm\u017e st\u0159edem je horsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b Seolmundae Halmang (\u00abbabi\u010dka Seolmundae\u00bb). Halmang je obrovsk\u00e1 tvo\u0159itelsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 podle \u010ded\u017eusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> vytvo\u0159ila ostrov i jeho centr\u00e1ln\u00ed sopku Hallasan.<\/p><p>Je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za matku 500 syn\u016f a je uct\u00edv\u00e1na v mnoha m\u00edstn\u00edch svatyn\u00edch. Mytologick\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed je zachov\u00e1no v \u00abCheonjiwang-bonpuri\u00bb a v \u00abSeolmundae-bonpuri\u00bb, \u00fastn\u00edch \u0161amansk\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00edch, kter\u00e9 byly ve 20. stolet\u00ed zaznamen\u00e1ny korejsk\u00fdmi folkloristy.<\/p>\n<p><span data-nosnippet>Laurel Kendall zkoumala ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle \u00abShamans, Nostalgias and the IMF\u00bb (2009) v\u00fdznam tradice Halmang pro kulturn\u00ed sebeprosazen\u00ed ostrova \u010ced\u017eu. UNESCO za\u0159adilo v roce 2009 \u010ded\u017eusk\u00fd \u0161amansk\u00fd sv\u00e1tek \u00abChilmeoridang Yeongdeunggut\u00bb na seznam nehmotn\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Halmang p\u0159esunulo do institucionalizovan\u00e9ho kontextu ochrany.<\/span><\/p><p>\u017densk\u00e1 tradice horsk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva na \u010ced\u017eu je ve srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> pova\u017eov\u00e1na za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd doklad teze o matriarch\u00e1ln\u00ed vrstv\u011b v rann\u00e9 korejsk\u00e9 religiozit\u011b, ani\u017e by tato teze mohla b\u00fdt archeologicky jednozna\u010dn\u011b potvrzena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff26c9d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff26c9d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b609f0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b609f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">St\u00e1tn\u00ed kult hor za dynastie \u010coson<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17287e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"17287e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Dynastie \u010coson (Joseon, 1392 a\u017e 1910) institucionalizovala horsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> jako sou\u010d\u00e1st ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kultu. \u010cty\u0159i \u00abvelk\u00e9 hory\u00bb (\u00absa-ak\u00bb) tvo\u0159ily geomanticko-ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed: Baekdusan na severu, Jirisan na jihu, Geumgangsan na v\u00fdchod\u011b a Myohyangsan na z\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p>K nim se p\u0159id\u00e1valy \u00abp\u011bt str\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch hor\u00bb (\u00abo-jin\u00bb) a \u00ab\u010dty\u0159i ostrovn\u00ed hory\u00bb. Tato hierarchie hor je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na v \u00abJoseon Wangjo Sillok\u00bb (\u00abLetopisy dynastie \u010coson\u00bb) a v \u00abKukcho oryeui\u00bb (\u00abP\u011bt st\u00e1tn\u00edch ob\u0159ad\u016f\u00bb, 1474).<\/p>\n<p>Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 ob\u0159ady se od lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe li\u0161ily svou konfuci\u00e1nskou ritualizac\u00ed: m\u00edsto obrazov\u00e9ho Sansina st\u00e1ly pam\u011btn\u00ed desky s konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisem<\/span>, ob\u0159ady se \u0159\u00eddily sch\u00e9matem \u00abjerye\u00bb a byly vykon\u00e1v\u00e1ny vysoce postaven\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky nebo samotn\u00fdm kr\u00e1lem.<\/p><p>I p\u0159esto konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 elity uzn\u00e1valy existenci m\u00edstn\u00edch horsk\u00fdch boh\u016f, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou politickou toleranci spr\u00e1vy \u010coson navzdory jej\u00edmu ofici\u00e1ln\u00edmu konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Boudewijn Walraven uk\u00e1zal ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle \u00abSongs of the Shaman\u00bb (1994) a v n\u011bkolika studi\u00edch, jak tato dvoj\u00ed struktura, ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed konfucianizace na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b a faktick\u00e9 zachov\u00e1n\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hor na druh\u00e9, formovala n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi doby \u010coson.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97f8599 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"97f8599\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6cd5ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d6cd5ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58c1a0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58c1a0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><p><span data-nosnippet>Prameny: Iryeon, \u00abSamguk Yusa\u00bb (1281); \u00abSamguk Sagi\u00bb (1145); \u00abDongguk Yeoji Seungnam\u00bb (1481); \u00abJoseon Wangjo Sillok\u00bb (Letopisy dynastie \u010coson); \u00abKukcho oryeui\u00bb (1474). \u0160amansk\u00e9 texty z \u010ced\u017eu: \u00abCheonjiwang-bonpuri\u00bb a \u00abSeolmundae-bonpuri\u00bb ve sb\u00edrce Hyun Yong-juna \u00abJeju-do musok charyo sajeon\u00bb (Soul 1980).<\/span><\/p><p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura:<\/p><ul><li><span data-nosnippet>David A. Mason, \u00abSpirit of the Mountains: Korea&#8217;s San-shin and Traditions of Mountain-Worship\u00bb (Soul 1999).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>James H. Grayson, \u00abKorea: A Religious History\u00bb (Oxford 1989, 2002) a \u00abMyths and Legends from Korea\u00bb (Richmond 2001).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Don Baker, \u00abKorean Spirituality\u00bb (Honolulu 2008).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hong-Key Yoon, \u00abThe Culture of <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o harmonick\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed staveb a prostor\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">feng\u0161uej<\/span> in Korea\u00bb (Lanham 2006).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Laurel Kendall, \u00abShamans, Housewives, and Other Restless Spirits\u00bb (Honolulu 1985) a \u00abShamans, Nostalgias and the IMF\u00bb (Honolulu 2009).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Boudewijn Walraven, \u00abSongs of the Shaman\u00bb (Lond\u00fdn 1994).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Antonetta Bruno, \u00abThe Gate of Words\u00bb (Leiden 2002).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Hyun-key Kim Hogarth, \u00abKorean Shamanism and Cultural Nationalism\u00bb (Soul 1999).<\/span><\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Daniel Kister, \u00abKorean Shamanist <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 posloupnost symbolick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: Symbols and Dramas of Transformation\u00bb (Budape\u0161\u0165 1997).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3246,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Sansin","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Sansin \u2013 korejsk\u00fd horsk\u00fd b\u016fh | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Sansin je korejsk\u00fd horsk\u00fd b\u016fh: ochr\u00e1nce svat\u00fdch 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