{"id":145630,"date":"2026-09-03T16:32:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145630"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:01:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:01:25","slug":"caishen","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/caishen\/","title":{"rendered":"Caishen"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145630\" class=\"elementor elementor-145630 elementor-3046 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65d1d84 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"65d1d84\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5e1449 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d5e1449\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14f2492 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"14f2492\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64662f9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64662f9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-726b666 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"726b666\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Caishen (\u010d\u00ednsky Cai Shen, \u201eb\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed\u201c) je v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jedn\u00edm z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev. Je patronem hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho blahobytu, obchodu, \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch investic a materi\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed obecn\u011b.<\/p><p>Z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska se nejedn\u00e1 o jedinou postavu, ale o komplex r\u016fzn\u00fdch personifikac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou shrnuty pod spole\u010dn\u00fdm funk\u010dn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem. Jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zesiluje zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho roku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-500ee20 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"500ee20\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dfbf509 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"dfbf509\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh \/ bohyn\u011b: personifikovan\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc v panteonu dan\u00e9 kultury s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi oblastmi p\u016fsobnosti, jako jsou p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edly, osud, v\u00e1lka nebo plodnost. Uct\u00edvan\u00fd v kultech, ob\u011btech a chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch instituc\u00edch.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/cina\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed boh\u016f, duch\u016f a lidov\u00e1 v\u00edra: taoistick\u00e1, buddhistick\u00e1, konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1.\">\u010c\u00edna<\/a><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2d1f01 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2d1f01\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb7aa2f elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"fb7aa2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__fb7aa2f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__fb7aa2f\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__fb7aa2f\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-289aa58 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"289aa58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-830743e iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"830743e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147270\" alt=\"Cchaj-\u0161en (Caishen) \u2013 b\u016fh z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_china_caishen-1.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a82dd2c e-con-boxed e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a82dd2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba97c7e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba97c7e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ccf3c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ccf3c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00edce postav Caishena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27b2d0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27b2d0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch boh\u016f neexistuje jedin\u00fd Caishen, n\u00fdbr\u017e v\u00edce bo\u017estev bohatstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed podle regionu a funk\u010dn\u00ed oblasti.<\/p><p>Nejstar\u0161\u00edmi a nej\u010dast\u011bji zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdmi postavami jsou Zhao Gongming, Bi Gan, Fan Li a Guan Yu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto mu\u017e\u016f m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed \u017eivotopis a vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k t\u00e9matu bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato mnohost je z hlediska religionistiky typick\u00e1 pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou funk\u010dn\u00ed oblasti obvykle zastoupeny prom\u011bnliv\u00fdm shlukem podobn\u00fdch postav, jen z\u0159\u00eddka jedn\u00edm jedin\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span>. Anne Birrell (\u00abChinese Mythology. An Introduction\u00bb, Baltimore 1993) upozornila, \u017ee tato pluralita zv\u00fd\u0161ila schopnost lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat se m\u00edstn\u00edm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45982d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"45982d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b98321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1b98321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zhao Gongming<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71ddde6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71ddde6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zhao Gongming je v p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramenech nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavou Caishena. Vystupuje v rom\u00e1nu \u00abInvestitura boh\u016f\u00bb (Fengshen Yanyi, 16. stolet\u00ed) jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk dynastie \u0160ang, kter\u00fd bojuje proti nastupuj\u00edc\u00ed dynastii \u010cou a je nakonec zabit.<\/p><p>Posmrtn\u011b jej Nefritov\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 jmenuje p\u0159edstaven\u00fdm bohatstv\u00ed. Jeho ikonografick\u00e1 podoba jej zobrazuje jako vousat\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka s \u010dernou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, s ocelov\u00fdm bi\u010dem, jedouc\u00edho na \u010dern\u00e9m tygrovi.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je zobrazov\u00e1n jako gener\u00e1l, a ne jako obchodn\u00edk, je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska pou\u010dn\u00e1: v t\u00e9to tradici je bohatstv\u00ed spojov\u00e1no se silou, ochranou a dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm, nikoli prim\u00e1rn\u011b s obchodem a kalkulac\u00ed. Doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed ho \u010dty\u0159i pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 bo\u017estva, ka\u017ed\u00e9 zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed oblast bohatstv\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad za jeho z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo obchodn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-239d93e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"239d93e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f780c9e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f780c9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bi Gan<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4229fef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4229fef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bi Gan je poloistorick\u00e1 postava z konce doby dynastie \u0160ang (asi 11. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem). Byl v\u011brn\u00fdm ministrem krut\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Zhoua a sna\u017eil se jej odvr\u00e1tit od jeho exces\u016f.<\/p><p>Kr\u00e1l jej za to nechal zab\u00edt vy\u0159\u00edznut\u00edm srdce. Posmrtn\u011b byl Bi Gan uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako mu\u010den\u00edk loajality a v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tradici byl za\u0159azen mezi bohy bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Logika tohoto p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159edstavy, \u017ee mu\u017e bez srdce m\u016f\u017ee jednat bez vlastn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu a p\u0159edsudk\u016f; je tedy ide\u00e1ln\u00edm rozhod\u010d\u00edm v pen\u011b\u017en\u00edch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je zaznamen\u00e1n v \u00abShiji\u00bb Sima Qiana a v dob\u011b dynastie Chan se stal kanonick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o loajalit\u011b. Mark Lewis (\u00abSanctioned Violence in Early China\u00bb, Albany 1990) analyzoval komplex mu\u010den\u00edk\u016f loajality z konce doby \u0160ang jako zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00fdtus politick\u00e9 etiky obdob\u00ed dynastie \u010cou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba225f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ba225f9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7947786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7947786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fan Li<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a37dffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a37dffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Fan Li je tak\u00e9 historickou osobou, poradcem kr\u00e1le Goujiana z Yue v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p><p>Pomohl Goujianovi porazit sousedn\u00ed kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Wu, pot\u00e9 se st\u00e1hl ze st\u00e1tn\u00ed slu\u017eby a pod jm\u00e9nem Tao Zhugong se stal mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm obchodn\u00edkem. T\u0159ikr\u00e1t \u00fadajn\u011b nashrom\u00e1\u017edil majetek a t\u0159ikr\u00e1t jej rozdal chud\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Je tak jedinou postavou Caishena, kter\u00e1 je historicky skute\u010dn\u011b spojena s obchodem. Jeho posmrtn\u00fd vzestup do panteonu boh\u016f je dokumentov\u00e1n lidovou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou tradic\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zde nestoj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 liter\u00e1rn\u00ed adaptace; jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en zejm\u00e9na v provinci\u00edch Jiangsu a Zhejiang.<\/p><p>\u00abShiji\u00bb popisuje jeho kari\u00e9ru v kapitole \u00abHuo Zhi Liezhuan\u00bb (\u00ab\u017divotopisy bohat\u00fdch\u00bb), kter\u00e1 je z hospod\u00e1\u0159sko-historick\u00e9ho hlediska pou\u010dn\u00fdm pramenem pro p\u0159edimperi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010c\u00ednu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f66af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90f66af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8357fde elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8357fde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Guan Yu jako Wushen Caishen<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fbafe9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fbafe9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Guan Yu, historick\u00fd gener\u00e1l z pozdn\u00edho obdob\u00ed dynastie Chan (2. a\u017e 3. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu) a spolubojovn\u00edk Liu Beie v trojici T\u0159\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>V obdob\u00ed dynastie Sung se stal ochrann\u00fdm bo\u017estvem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a v obdob\u00ed dynasti\u00ed Ming a \u010cching \u00abWushen Caishenem\u00bb, \u201evojensk\u00fdm bohem bohatstv\u00ed\u201c. Jeho \u00fakolem je m\u00e9n\u011b podpora obchodn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu a v\u00edce ochrana obchod\u016f p\u0159ed kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, podvodem a partnery poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmi smlouvy.<\/p><p>Obchodn\u00edci p\u0159ed jeho zpodobn\u011bn\u00edm \u010dasto p\u0159\u00edsahali smlouvy, proto\u017ee jeho zn\u00e1m\u00e1 loajalita platila za z\u00e1ruku obchodn\u00ed etiky. Jde o pozoruhodnou n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-sociologickou konstelaci: v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk se st\u00e1v\u00e1 ochr\u00e1ncem obchodu.<\/p><p>Hans Steininger v d\u00edle \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filozofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Tao, cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">taoismus<\/span> a lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b\u00bb (Berl\u00edn 1980) upozornil na spojen\u00ed mezi Guan Yuem a tajn\u00fdmi spolky z obdob\u00ed dynastie \u010cching, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bly k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jeho uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7dc2545 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7dc2545\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff188aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ff188aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funk\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fa808aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fa808aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradice Caishena rozli\u0161uje mezi \u00abWenshen Caishenem\u00bb (civiln\u00edm bohem bohatstv\u00ed) a \u00abWushen Caishenem\u00bb (vojensk\u00fdm bohem bohatstv\u00ed), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Bi Gan a Fan Li jsou za\u0159azeni do prvn\u00ed a Zhao Gongming a Guan Yu do druh\u00e9 kategorie. Vedle toho existuje syst\u00e9m \u00abCaishena p\u011bti cest\u00bb (Wulu Caishen), v n\u011bm\u017e je Caishen uct\u00edv\u00e1n z p\u011bti sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran.<\/p><p>Tato koncepce poch\u00e1z\u00ed z obdob\u00ed dynastie Sung a za\u010dle\u0148uje uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bohatstv\u00ed do kosmologick\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu p\u011bti prom\u011bn (wuxing). Caishen je tak m\u00e9n\u011b jednotlivou postavou a sp\u00ed\u0161e syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm uzlem, v n\u011bm\u017e se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch logik.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df2ae6f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"df2ae6f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a763091 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a763091\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Novoro\u010dn\u00ed zvyky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93fa135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93fa135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed sv\u00e1tkov\u00e1 praxe kultu Caishena se soust\u0159e\u010fuje na dny kolem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Nov\u00e9ho roku. P\u00e1t\u00fd den prvn\u00edho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce se slav\u00ed \u00abp\u0159ijet\u00ed Caishena\u00bb (jie Caishen). Obchody v tento den tradi\u010dn\u011b poprv\u00e9 otev\u00edraj\u00ed po novoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vce, zapaluje se oh\u0148ostroj a ob\u011btuje se kadidlo. \u010cerven\u00e9 dvojver\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se na Nov\u00fd rok vis\u00ed na vstupn\u00ed dve\u0159e, obsahuje \u010dasto vyobrazen\u00ed Caishena nebo odkazy na n\u011bj. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed prax\u00ed je \u00abrozd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obr\u00e1zk\u016f Caishena\u00bb, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m putovn\u00ed mni\u0161i nebo \u017eebr\u00e1ci nos\u00ed obr\u00e1zky Caishena od dve\u0159\u00ed ke dve\u0159\u00edm a za to dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed mal\u00fd dar, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161e\u010d \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed rok.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ed43de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3ed43de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf1ea04 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cf1ea04\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-490022c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"490022c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Standardn\u00ed ikonografick\u00e1 forma Caishena zobrazuje \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka v \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 r\u00f3b\u011b, s \u010dern\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ednick\u00fdm kloboukem, zlatou \u010depic\u00ed s vzh\u016fru sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u00e1skami, a s yuanbao (odlit\u00fdm zlat\u00fdm slitkem) v ruce. \u010casto jej doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010dty\u0159i \u00abmal\u00ed Caishenov\u00e9\u00bb (xiao Caishen), kte\u0159\u00ed jsou zodpov\u011bdn\u00ed za r\u016fzn\u00e9 segmenty bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve vojensk\u00e9 podob\u011b, zejm\u00e9na jako Zhao Gongming nebo Guan Yu, nos\u00ed zbroj a zbra\u0148. Barva \u010derven\u00e1 dominuje v obou podob\u00e1ch, jde o \u010d\u00ednskou barvu \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a v Caishenov\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> symbolizuje radostn\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfd3fb4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cfd3fb4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8802b32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8802b32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen v modern\u00ed ekonomice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-783217d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"783217d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e a v modern\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b reformn\u00ed \u00e9ry od roku 1978 za\u017eil Caishen\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> p\u0159ekvapivou renesanci. I ve siln\u011b sekul\u00e1rn\u00edm podnikatelsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u0160anghaji nebo Hongkongu, jsou svatyn\u011b Caishena b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v restaurac\u00edch, kade\u0159nictv\u00edch, mal\u00fdch obchodech a dokonce i v podnikov\u00fdch centr\u00e1l\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jde o zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed slu\u010diteln\u00e9 s modern\u00ed kapitalistickou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou etikou, ani\u017e by byly rozpracov\u00e1ny jej\u00ed teologick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/p><p>Jochen Kandel se ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci \u00abReligion und Wirtschaft im chinesischen Volksglauben\u00bb (Mnichov 1998) touto modern\u00ed konstelac\u00ed zab\u00fdval a dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena nelze \u010d\u00edst ani jako pouh\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Hanliv\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro p\u0159edstavy, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za neopodstatn\u011bn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9.\" tabindex=\"0\">pov\u011bra<\/span>, ani jako soudr\u017enou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span>; jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o pragmatickou symbolickou praxi, kter\u00e1 spojuje kulturn\u00ed identitu, etick\u00e9 podn\u011bty a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc75f53 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fc75f53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5af12ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5af12ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c26710c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c26710c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Caishen je u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u00abfunk\u010dn\u00ed specializace\u00bb \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco monoteistick\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed maj\u00ed tendenci zn\u00e1t jedno <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> pro v\u0161echny oblasti \u017eivota, \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 tradice organizuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou skute\u010dnost podle funkc\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> nebo soubor bo\u017estev. Bohatstv\u00ed jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed oblast tak z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b mnohotv\u00e1rn\u00e9 bo\u017esk\u00e9 zastoupen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato mnohotv\u00e1rnost vykazuje vlastn\u00ed religionistickou logiku, v n\u00ed\u017e se funkce, etick\u00fd po\u017eadavek a ikonografick\u00e1 podoba vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojuj\u00ed. Edward Schafer tuto funk\u010dn\u00ed specializaci charakterizoval jako typick\u00fd rys \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 religiozity ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci \u00abThe Divine Woman\u00bb (San Francisco 1973) a v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch studi\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-101027f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"101027f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e5488e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8e5488e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a dal\u0161\u00ed literatura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1523f77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1523f77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<footer class=\"iwg-literatur\"><div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed prameny: Fengshen Yanyi (\u00abInvestitura boh\u016f\u00bb), 16. stolet\u00ed; Shiji, Sima Qian, kapitola \u00abHuo Zhi Liezhuan\u00bb (\u00ab\u017divotopisy bohat\u00fdch\u00bb); chr\u00e1mov\u00e9 invent\u00e1\u0159e z doby Ming a Qing ze Zhejiangu a Jiangsu; lidov\u00e9 wushen-caishen liturgie z doby Qing.<\/p>\n<p>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed literatura: Anne Birrell, \u00abChinese Mythology. An Introduction\u00bb, Baltimore 1993; Hans Steininger, \u00ab<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-filosofick\u00e1 tradice orientovan\u00e1 na Dao, Cestu.\" tabindex=\"0\">Daoismus<\/span> und Volksreligion in China\u00bb, Berl\u00edn 1980; Jochen Kandel, \u00abReligion und Wirtschaft im chinesischen Volksglauben\u00bb, Mnichov 1998; Edward Schafer, \u00abThe Divine Woman\u00bb, San Francisco 1973; Mark Lewis, \u00abSanctioned Violence in Early China\u00bb, Albany 1990; Florian Reiter, \u00abDaoistische Rituale\u00bb, Wiesbaden 2002.<\/p><\/div><\/footer>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd998b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd998b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-565ef95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"565ef95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen a b\u016fh kuchyn\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-914211a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"914211a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm aspektem komplexu kolem Caishena je jeho vztah k bohu kuchyn\u011b (Zaojun, Zao Wangye), jednomu z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00edch bo\u017estev \u010c\u00edny. B\u016fh kuchyn\u011b podle lidov\u00e9 v\u00edry p\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 cel\u00fd rok v kuchy\u0148sk\u00e9m ohni\u0161ti a sleduje chov\u00e1n\u00ed rodiny.<\/p><p>23. den 12. lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce vystupuje k nebi a pod\u00e1v\u00e1 zpr\u00e1vu Nefritov\u00e9mu c\u00edsa\u0159i. Caishen je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic naopak zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed pozemsk\u00e9 \u00abodm\u011bny\u00bb, kter\u00e1 se ud\u011bluje na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to zpr\u00e1vy.<\/p><p>Tato p\u0159edstava spojuje etickou slo\u017eku (odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed ctnostn\u00fdch) s ekonomickou (rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed majetku). Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee ukazuje, jak \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed zasazuje hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch do mor\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od \u010dist\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 etiky je zde bohatstv\u00ed d\u016fsledkem spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011bluje nebesk\u00e1 byrokracie, a nikoli v\u00fdsledkem individu\u00e1ln\u00ed racionality.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a41b9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4a41b9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b153cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b153cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen v tajn\u00fdch spolc\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d1570e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d1570e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed linie uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena vede k \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm tajn\u00fdm spolk\u016fm doby Qing (17. a\u017e po\u010d\u00e1tek 20. stolet\u00ed). Tyto spolky, mezi nimi Tri\u00e1da (Sandian Hui), p\u0159ijaly Guan Yua jako b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed (Wushen Caishen) do sv\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Vstup do spolku doprov\u00e1zela krevn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsaha p\u0159ed jeho vyobrazen\u00edm.<\/p><p>Obchodn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed byli \u010dleny spolku, p\u0159\u00edsahali sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vztahy pod ochranou Guan Yua, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148ovalo mimost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00e1zanost smluv.<\/p><p>Tato n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed konstrukce byla obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 v jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch vyst\u011bhovaleck\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch a s migrac\u00ed se p\u0159enesla do diaspory v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii, Severn\u00ed Americe a Austr\u00e1lii. Hans Steininger a Jochen Kandel ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch zmapovali dlouhodob\u00fd vliv t\u00e9to konstelace na \u010d\u00ednsky mluv\u00edc\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou kulturu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63b3866 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"63b3866\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3497016 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3497016\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishenovy chr\u00e1my po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-315f80c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"315f80c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena se s \u010d\u00ednskou diasporou roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 do v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011bta. V singapursk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti Geylang se nach\u00e1z\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00fd Caishen\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, jen\u017e byl ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed zalo\u017een \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edky.<\/p><p>Podobn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> lze naj\u00edt v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti San Franciska, v Sydney a v Manile. V modern\u00ed pevninsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b vedly hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 reformy od roku 1978 k o\u017eiven\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena.<\/p><p>Ve vrstv\u00e1ch \u0160anghaje, Shenzhenu a Guangzhou lze Caishenovy svatyn\u011b nal\u00e9zt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m men\u0161\u00edm obchod\u011b, restauraci i kade\u0159nictv\u00ed. Tento \u201en\u00e1vrat\u201c n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe, kter\u00e1 byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za p\u0159ekonanou, vzbudil zna\u010dnou pozornost v sociologii n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Ukazuje, \u017ee lidov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed potla\u010dovan\u00e9 v obdob\u00ed Maovy vl\u00e1dy nebylo vymaz\u00e1no, ale pouze zatla\u010deno do skrytosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-53b6edb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"53b6edb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f78b5a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f78b5a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konfuci\u00e1nsko-taoistick\u00e9 zasazen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e3dcc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e3dcc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena nelze p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159i\u0159adit k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu ze t\u0159\u00ed hlavn\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b lidov\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, ale obsahuje jak taoistick\u00e9, tak (v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Guan Yua) konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9 prvky.<\/p><p>Taoistick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgie<\/span> m\u016f\u017ee Caishena za\u0159adit do sv\u00e9 hierarchie boh\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee jej poj\u00edm\u00e1 jako pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 bo\u017estvo Nefritov\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e. Konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e1 etika m\u016f\u017ee Guan Yua p\u0159ijmout jako vzor loaj\u00e1ln\u00ed ctnosti do sv\u00e9ho katalogu ctnost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost je typick\u00fdm znakem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 religiozity, v n\u00ed\u017e ostr\u00e9 hranice mezi \u201en\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi\u201c, jak jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v z\u00e1padn\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, nejsou adekv\u00e1tn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem popisu. Florian Reiter a Stephen Bokenkamp na tento metodologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m upozornili nez\u00e1visle na sob\u011b, kdy\u017e popisovali obt\u00ed\u017enost vysti\u017een\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho lidov\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed pomoc\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch pojm\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8e4b57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c8e4b57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4ad17e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4ad17e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zhao Gongming ve Fengshen Yanyi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d04cda4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d04cda4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rom\u00e1n \u201eFengshen Yanyi\u201c (Rom\u00e1n o vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed boh\u016f, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b konec 16. stolet\u00ed, p\u0159ipisovan\u00fd Xu Zhonglinovi) je hlavn\u00edm liter\u00e1rn\u00edm pramenem pro postavu Caishena Zhao Gongminga.<\/p><p>V rom\u00e1nu je Zhao Gongming taoistick\u00fd m\u00e1g, kter\u00fd bojuje na stran\u011b dynastie \u0160ang proti vzm\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00ed se dynastii \u010cou. Jezd\u00ed na \u010dern\u00e9m tygrovi, nos\u00ed magickou h\u016fl a ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u201e\u010cty\u0159iadvacet zlat\u00fdch perel\u201c, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako vrhac\u00ed zbran\u011b.<\/p><p>Po sv\u00e9 smrti v bitv\u011b je posmrtn\u011b jmenov\u00e1n v\u0161emocn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span> Jiang Ziyou do \u201eDvora temn\u00fdch vojsk\u201c, odkud jako Caishen dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na pozemsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p><p>Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena spojen\u00e9 se Zhao Gongmingem m\u00e1 dva aspekty: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b liter\u00e1rn\u011b-rom\u00e1nov\u00fd, kter\u00fd jej zobrazuje jako ztracen\u00e9ho hrdinu, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b lidov\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd, kter\u00fd jej vz\u00fdv\u00e1 jako ru\u010ditele bohatstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Liu Ts&#8217;un-yan (\u201eBuddhist and Taoist Influences on Chinese Novels\u201c, Wiesbaden 1962) podrobn\u011b analyzoval religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdznam d\u00edla Fengshen Yanyi jako prost\u0159edku lidov\u00e9ho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed taoistick\u00fdch bo\u017estev.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-574d10f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"574d10f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22ac9c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"22ac9c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tradice Wushen s Guan Yuem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0384f1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0384f1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Guan Yu (zem\u0159el roku 220 n. l.), historick\u00fd gener\u00e1l pozdn\u00ed doby Han, byl od dynastie Tang uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo a v obdob\u00ed dynastie Ming byl jako \u201eWushen Caishen\u201c (V\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fd b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed) integrov\u00e1n do Caishenova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>. Spojen\u00ed Guan Yua s kultem bohatstv\u00ed je paradox, kter\u00fd si vy\u017eaduje vysv\u011btlen\u00ed z hlediska fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Lidov\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice jej odvozuje z n\u011bkolika ko\u0159en\u016f: z Guan Yuovy v\u011brnosti jako vzoru obchodn\u00ed etiky, z jeho ochrann\u00e9 funkce p\u0159ed zlod\u011bji a ne\u010destn\u00fdmi konkurenty a ze skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee \u0159emeslo \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed m\u011bla za doby dynastie Ming strukturn\u00ed spojen\u00ed s vojensk\u00fdm stavem.<\/p><p>Prasenjit Duara (\u201eCulture, Power, and the State\u201c, Stanford 1988) popsal vzestup Guan Yua ke st\u00e1tem podporovan\u00e9mu <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd religionisticko-sociologick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pozdn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Dnes je Guan Yu p\u0159\u00edtomen jako ochrann\u00e1 postava v mnoha v\u00fdchodoasijsk\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch prostor\u00e1ch, od pobo\u010dek bank a\u017e po restaurace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-578e726 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"578e726\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-846803b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"846803b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen p\u011bti cest a rozd\u011blen\u00ed provinci\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b00571 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b00571\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>D\u016fle\u017eitou variantou kultu Caishena je uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eCaishena p\u011bti cest\u201c (Wulu Caishen). Toto uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00e1 jednoho centr\u00e1ln\u00edho Caishena a \u010dty\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed Caisheny, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou p\u0159i\u0159azeni jednotliv\u00fdm sv\u011btov\u00fdm stran\u00e1m. Centr\u00e1ln\u00edm Caishenem je v\u011bt\u0161inou Zhao Gongming, \u010dty\u0159mi bohy sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran jsou Xiao Sheng (v\u00fdchod), Cao Bao (jih), Chen Jiugong (z\u00e1pad) a Yao Shaosi (sever).<\/p><p>Tato p\u011bti\u010dlenn\u00e1 struktura je konstruov\u00e1na analogicky ke konfuci\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vn\u00edmu d\u011blen\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a k taoistick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> p\u011bti hor. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u010d\u00ednskou pot\u0159ebu prostorov\u00e9 symetrie v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 oblasti. V jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a v jihoasijsk\u00fdch diasporn\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch je varianta Wulu Caishen zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1my<\/span> hokkiensk\u00fdch komunit v Penangu, Malace a Singapuru ji udr\u017euj\u00ed jako svou hlavn\u00ed formu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9bfe404 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9bfe404\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81093e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81093e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Novoro\u010dn\u00ed liturgie a p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d06a15 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d06a15\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u201eP\u0159ijet\u00ed Caishena\u201c (jie Caishen) je centr\u00e1ln\u00edm prvkem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 novoro\u010dn\u00ed liturgie. Tradi\u010dn\u011b se konalo r\u00e1no p\u00e1t\u00e9ho dne po Nov\u00e9m roce, kdy se po sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm t\u00fddnu znovu otev\u00edraj\u00ed obchody. Rodiny a podniky zapaluj\u00ed vonn\u00e9 ty\u010dinky, rozsv\u011bcuj\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 sv\u00edce a pron\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed prosebn\u00e9 formule k Caishenovi. Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u00edstech proch\u00e1zej\u00ed ulicemi p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Caishena a rozd\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 ob\u00e1lky nebo talismany.<\/p><p>Tato ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 forma p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed Caishena za\u017eila v modern\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b po ekonomick\u00e9 reform\u011b konce 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ekvapivou renesanci. Adam Yuet Chau (\u201eMiraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China\u201c, Stanford 2006) etnograficky zdokumentoval obnovu kultu Caishena v provinci\u00edch Shaanxi a Henan.<\/p><p>Tato renesance souvis\u00ed s hospod\u00e1\u0159sko-politick\u00fdm obratem a ukazuje, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 struktury pod maoismem p\u0159etrvaly pod povrchem, ani\u017e by byly zcela vymaz\u00e1ny.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b47362c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b47362c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c148bd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c148bd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishen v jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed etice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b17205 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b17205\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m obchodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na mezi Hokkieny, Teochewy a Hakky, m\u00e1 Caishen zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u00falohu jak\u00e9hosi kosmick\u00e9ho spolupodnikatele. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch se smlouvy uzav\u00edraj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> p\u0159ed vyobrazen\u00edm Caishena a ro\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011brka je spojena se slavnostn\u00edm ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00edm Caishenovi, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed \u00fakon prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span> se kon\u00e1 na Silvestra nebo 24. dne 12. lun\u00e1rn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p><p>Toto ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zakotven\u00ed obchodn\u00ed etiky v Caishenov\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> vylo\u017eili G. William Skinner (\u00abMarketing and Social Structure in Rural China\u00bb, Tucson 1964) a Hill Gates (\u00abChina&#8217;s Motor: A Thousand Years of Petty Capitalism\u00bb, Ithaca 1996) jako jeden z kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p><p>Poskytuje kulturn\u00ed zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed etick\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti obchodn\u00edch partner\u016f a sni\u017euje transak\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady v ekonomice, kter\u00e1 se historicky mohla jen m\u00e1lo spolehnout na st\u00e1tn\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed smluv.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ada73b9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ada73b9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9380677 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9380677\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Caishenovy chr\u00e1my jako turistick\u00fd a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd jev<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-844850a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"844850a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Caishenovy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> se vyskytuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b, \u010dasto jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed kulty ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch komplexech, ale p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b i jako samostatn\u00e9 svatyn\u011b.<\/p><p>Mezi zn\u00e1m\u00e9 Caishenovy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed Caishen Miao v Datongu (Shanxi), Caishen Dian v lamaistick\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> (Yonghegong) v Pekingu a n\u011bkolik <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m\u016f<\/span> v Tchaj-peji. V diaspo\u0159e jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 Caishenovy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> v Hongkongu, Singapuru a Bangkoku.<\/p><p>B\u011bhem slavnosti narozen\u00ed Caishena p\u00e1t\u00e9ho dne prvn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed tyto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> denn\u011b deset tis\u00edc a\u017e sto tis\u00edc poutn\u00edk\u016f. Turistick\u00fd rozm\u011br v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zast\u00ednil ten n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd, co\u017e vyvolalo debatu o autenticit\u011b a komercializaci kultu Caishena.<\/p><p>Tuto debatu zdokumentovali Mayfair Yang (\u201eChinese Religiosities\u201c, Berkeley 2008) a David Palmer.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3216ea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d3216ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-614454c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"614454c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ccea33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ccea33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Kdo je Caishen?<\/strong> \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 prosperity a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho podnik\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejde o jedinou postavu, ale o komplex n\u011bkolika personifikac\u00ed, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed Zhao Gongming, Bi Gan, Fan Li a Guan Yu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak\u00fd je rozd\u00edl mezi Wenshen a Wushen Caishenem?<\/strong> Civiln\u00ed Caishen (Wenshen) je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za podporu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu, vojensk\u00fd Caishen (Wushen) za ochranu p\u0159ed kr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, podvodem a poru\u0161en\u00edm smluv. Bi Gan a Fan Li pat\u0159\u00ed do civiln\u00ed kategorie, Zhao Gongming a Guan Yu do vojensk\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kdy je Caishen zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1n?<\/strong> K \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu Nov\u00e9mu roku. P\u00e1t\u00e9ho dne prvn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho m\u011bs\u00edce se slav\u00ed \u201ep\u0159ijet\u00ed Caishena\u201c, kdy se obchody tradi\u010dn\u011b poprv\u00e9 po novoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vce otev\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Jak vypad\u00e1 Caishen?<\/strong> V civiln\u00ed podob\u011b jako \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk v \u010derven\u00e9m rouchu s \u010dernou \u00fa\u0159ednickou pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy a se zlat\u00fdm yuanbao v ruce. Ve vojensk\u00e9 podob\u011b (Zhao Gongming, Guan Yu) jako v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk v brn\u011bn\u00ed se zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3210,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Caishen","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Caishen \u2013 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed | iWell Guard","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Caishen je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd b\u016fh bohatstv\u00ed a obchodn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu. Rud\u00fd tygr, zlat\u00e9 cihly a novoro\u010dn\u00ed oslavy. 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