{"id":145564,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145564"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:59:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:59:26","slug":"maat-bohyne-kosmickeho-radu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/maat-bohyne-kosmickeho-radu\/","title":{"rendered":"Maat \u2013 bohyn\u011b kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145564\" class=\"elementor elementor-145564 elementor-2923 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-hero58a34ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"hero58a34ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-heroimgd727a0d iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"heroimgd727a0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_maat-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147196\" alt=\"Maat - bohov\u00e9 z egyptsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_maat-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_maat-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_maat-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aegypten_maat.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Maat \u2013 egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00e1du, pravdy a spravedlnosti<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b tradice Egypt.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/egypt\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Egypt.\">Egypt<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00e1du.\">Bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00e1du<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat byla ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed i principem. Zt\u011bles\u0148ovala kosmick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, pravdu a spravedlnost, na nich\u017e spo\u010d\u00edval sv\u011bt. P\u0159i soudu nad zem\u0159el\u00fdmi se srdce zesnul\u00e9ho v\u00e1\u017eilo proti jej\u00edmu peru, a i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed kr\u00e1le bylo na ni v\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat pat\u0159\u00ed k \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm pojm\u016fm staroegyptsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a kultury. Je z\u00e1rove\u0148 bohyn\u00ed i abstraktn\u00edm principem, co\u017e ji odli\u0161uje od mnoha jin\u00fdch postav egyptsk\u00e9ho panteonu.<\/p><p>Zat\u00edmco bohov\u00e9 jako Re, Osiris nebo Isis vystupuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed osoby, Maat p\u0159edstavuje i my\u0161lenku, toti\u017e spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d sv\u011bta. Tento \u0159\u00e1d zahrnuje pohyb hv\u011bzd, st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00ed, nilskou z\u00e1plavu, spole\u010densk\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed a spravedliv\u00fd rozsudek.<\/p><p>V n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/egypt\/\">Egypta<\/a> byla Maat protikladem chaosu, l\u017ei a nespravedlnosti. Sv\u011bt tak nebyl s\u00e1m o sob\u011b stabiln\u00ed, ale musel b\u00fdt neust\u00e1le znovu vytv\u00e1\u0159en a udr\u017eov\u00e1n jedn\u00e1n\u00edm boh\u016f i lid\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato \u00faloha n\u00e1le\u017eela zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem kr\u00e1li, kter\u00fd byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za ru\u010ditele Maat. Tak\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotlivec byl vyz\u00fdv\u00e1n, aby ve sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b jednal podle Maat.<\/p><p>Z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskov\u011bdn\u00edho hlediska je Maat kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm pojmem, proto\u017ee v n\u00ed se soust\u0159e\u010fuje egyptsk\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta, pr\u00e1va a etiky. Spojuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o stavb\u011b a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologii<\/span>, kr\u00e1lovskou ideologii, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a osobn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed veden\u00ed do souvisl\u00e9ho obrazu sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Maat se odvozuje z egyptsk\u00e9ho ko\u0159ene, kter\u00fd je spojen s pojmy jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd, spr\u00e1vn\u00fd a pravdiv\u00fd. Z tohoto ko\u0159ene se odvozuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamy, kter\u00e9 slovo v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b vystihuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Maat znamen\u00e1 z\u00e1rove\u0148 pravdu, spravedlnost, spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d a m\u00edru. Jedin\u00fd p\u0159esn\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd ekvivalent neexistuje, proto v\u011bdci tento pojem \u010dasto nep\u0159ekl\u00e1daj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Slovo mohlo ozna\u010dovat jak abstraktn\u00ed princip, tak zosobn\u011bnou bohyni. V psan\u00e9 egypt\u0161tin\u011b se Maat zapisuje charakteristick\u00fdm znakem, kter\u00fd je ve v\u00fdzkumu obvykle vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n jako stylizovan\u00e1 stojn\u00e1 plocha nebo podstavec, a d\u00e1le znakem pera, kter\u00e9 se stalo pevn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> bohyn\u011b.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je t\u011bsn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed jazyka a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Kdy\u017e Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 hovo\u0159ili o \u017eivot\u011b nebo jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v Maat, nem\u00ednili t\u00edm pouh\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel, n\u00fdbr\u017e soulad vlastn\u00edho po\u010d\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem sv\u011bta. Pojem prostupuje texty moudrosti, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokumenty, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy i n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 spisy stejnou m\u011brou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat je v egyptsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1na jako sed\u00edc\u00ed nebo stoj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eena. Jej\u00edm jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm a v cel\u00e9 egyptsk\u00e9 historii st\u00e1l\u00fdm znakem je pero p\u0161trosa, kter\u00e9 nos\u00ed na hlav\u011b. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zobrazen\u00edch je samotn\u00e9 pero, bez lidsk\u00e9 podoby, ji\u017e plnohodnotn\u00fdm znakem bohyn\u011b a principu, kter\u00fd zt\u011bles\u0148uje.<\/p><p>Maat je \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1na s rozepjat\u00fdmi, ope\u0159en\u00fdmi pa\u017eemi, gestem, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010duje ochranu a obj\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du. V rukou m\u016f\u017ee dr\u017eet znak \u017eivota. Jej\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed na chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch zdech, na st\u00e9l\u00e1ch, v hrobk\u00e1ch i na \u0159ad\u011b drobn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f.<\/p><p>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm obrazov\u00fdm motivem je sc\u00e9na, v n\u00ed\u017e kr\u00e1l p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvu<\/span> malou figuru Maat. Toto gesto, ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed Maat, je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch motiv\u016f egyptsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch reli\u00e9f\u016f.<\/p><p>Ukazuje, \u017ee kr\u00e1l pln\u00ed svou nejvzne\u0161en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00falohu, toti\u017e vracet \u0159\u00e1d boh\u016fm a t\u00edm zaji\u0161\u0165ovat trv\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta. V oblasti v\u00edry v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot je pero Maat jako protiv\u00e1ha na v\u00e1ze soudu ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm obrazov\u00fdm prvkem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat nestoj\u00ed ani tak ve st\u0159edu vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00fdch m\u00fdt\u016f s rozvinut\u00fdm d\u011bjem, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e v centru kosmologick\u00fdch a teologick\u00fdch v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed. V p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch o stvo\u0159iteli je Maat ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako spojen\u00e1 se stvo\u0159en\u00edm od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku.<\/p><p>Je ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako dcera boha slunce Rea. T\u00edm se vyjad\u0159uje, \u017ee spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d je d\u00e1n ji\u017e samotn\u00fdm aktem vzniku sv\u011bta, a nikoli a\u017e dodate\u010dn\u011b.<\/p><p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed roli hraje Maat v cyklu slunce. Boha slunce denn\u011b proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed nebem a v noci podsv\u011bt\u00edm. Texty popisuj\u00ed, \u017ee Re \u017eije z Maat a \u017ee se bohov\u00e9 \u017eiv\u00ed Maat. V t\u00e9to p\u0159edstav\u011b je Maat z\u00e1kladem, bez kter\u00e9ho by ani bohov\u00e9, ani chod slunce nemohli existovat.<\/p><p>Ka\u017edodenn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed boha slunce nad silami chaosu, zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00fdmi hadem Apopisem, je z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm Maat nad neuspo\u0159\u00e1danost\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zobrazen\u00edch stoj\u00ed Maat v p\u0159\u00eddi slune\u010dn\u00ed b\u00e1rky a ukazuje cestu, tak\u017ee samotn\u00e1 plavba boha se jev\u00ed jako pohyb ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mytickou sc\u00e9nou s Maat je posmrtn\u00fd soud, zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z takzvan\u00e9 Knihy mrtv\u00fdch, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e1 kapitola je ve v\u00fdzkumu ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako v\u00fdrok sto dvacet p\u011bt.<\/p><p>Zesnul\u00fd p\u0159edstupuje p\u0159ed soud boh\u016f veden\u00fd Osiridem, jeho\u017e se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch soudc\u016f. Jeho srdce je polo\u017eeno na v\u00e1hu, na jej\u00ed\u017e druh\u00e9 stran\u011b le\u017e\u00ed pero Maat. B\u016fh Anubis dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, b\u016fh Thovt zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdsledek.<\/p><p>Je-li srdce v rovnov\u00e1ze s perem, \u017eil zesnul\u00fd v souladu s Maat a je uzn\u00e1n spravedliv\u00fdm. Vyzn\u00ed-li rozsudek negativn\u011b, hroz\u00ed mu zni\u010den\u00ed bytost\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b spojuje znaky r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9ho tvaru<\/span>, je\u017e je v pramenech ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako Po\u017e\u00edra\u010dka a nese rysy krokod\u00fdla, lva a hrocha.<\/p><p>P\u0159ed soudem pron\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zesnul\u00fd vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed, v nich\u017e vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1, jak\u00e9 bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed nesp\u00e1chal. Tato takzvan\u00e1 negativn\u00ed zpov\u011b\u010f je adresov\u00e1na \u0159ad\u011b jednotliv\u011b jmenovan\u00fdch soudc\u016f a jmenuje provin\u011bn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di boh\u016fm, v\u016f\u010di lidem a v\u016f\u010di spole\u010densk\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat byla ve star\u00e9m Egypt\u011b kultovn\u011b uct\u00edv\u00e1na, i kdy\u017e jej\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bylo jin\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu ne\u017e uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch boh\u016f s vlastn\u00edmi velk\u00fdmi chr\u00e1my.<\/p><p>Existovaly svatyn\u011b a kaple <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fakonu odevzdan\u00fd svatosti a t\u00edm vy\u0148at\u00fd z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u011bcen\u00e9<\/span> Maat, mimo jin\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> v oblasti Karnaku, a m\u011bla vlastn\u00ed kn\u011b\u017estvo. P\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9 je, \u017ee osoby zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se soudnictv\u00edm m\u011bly ke Maat zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vztah.<\/p><p>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soudce neboli vez\u00edr mohl b\u00fdt ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako kn\u011bz Maat, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje t\u011bsn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed bohyn\u011b, spravedlnosti a soudnictv\u00ed. Z obdob\u00ed Nov\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e je dochov\u00e1no, \u017ee vez\u00edr p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu \u00fa\u0159adu nosil obraz Maat, viditeln\u00e9 znamen\u00ed toho, \u017ee jeho rozsudek byl v\u00e1z\u00e1n na bohyni.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm kultovn\u00edm \u00fakonem spojen\u00fdm s Maat byl denn\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd ritu\u00e1l, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e kr\u00e1l, zastoupen\u00fd kn\u011b\u017estvem, ob\u011btoval boh\u016fm Maat. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed Maat se vykon\u00e1val v mnoha chr\u00e1mech a byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za jeden z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ob\u011btn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016fbec.<\/p><p>Mal\u00e1 figurka Maat, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1na, symbolicky shrnovala v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edk, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, nebo\u0165 kdo ob\u011btoval samotn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, d\u00e1val boh\u016fm nejobs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed dar. V\u00fdzkum upozornil, \u017ee tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> obsahoval z\u00e1rove\u0148 politick\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed, nebo\u0165 znovu a znovu potvrzoval kr\u00e1le jako pr\u00e1voplatn\u00e9ho str\u00e1\u017ece \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b toho byla Maat v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1, ani\u017e by k tomu bylo nutn\u00e9 nav\u0161t\u00edvit vlastn\u00ed chr\u00e1m. Byla zakotvena v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 ideologii, v soudn\u00ed praxi, v nau\u010den\u00edch moudrosti, jimi\u017e byli vychov\u00e1v\u00e1ni \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, i ve v\u00ed\u0159e v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p><p>Osobn\u00ed jm\u00e9na odkazuj\u00edc\u00ed na Maat i tituly \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f ukazuj\u00ed, jak hluboko byl tento pojem zakotven v sebepojet\u00ed vzd\u011blan\u00fdch vrstev. Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Maat se tedy projevuje m\u00e9n\u011b v ohrani\u010den\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> ne\u017e v pronik\u00e1n\u00ed principu, kter\u00fd zt\u011bles\u0148ovala, do v\u0161ech oblast\u00ed \u017eivota.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V egyptsk\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed bylo samotn\u00e9 \u017eit\u00ed podle Maat nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formou ochrany. Kdo mluvil pravdu, jednal spravedliv\u011b a dodr\u017eoval spr\u00e1vnou m\u00edru, byl v souladu s \u0159\u00e1dem sv\u011bta a nemusel se b\u00e1t soudu.<\/p><p>Nau\u010den\u00ed, samostatn\u00fd liter\u00e1rn\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nr, zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1vala pr\u00e1v\u011b tuto znalost. U\u010dila, jak si jedn\u00e1n\u00edm v souladu s Maat zajistit zda\u0159il\u00fd \u017eivot a dobr\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p><p>V oblasti v\u00edry v posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot m\u011bla p\u0159\u00edprava na soud Maat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 apotropaick\u00fd charakter. Kniha mrtv\u00fdch obsahovala za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed, jimi\u017e m\u011bl zesnul\u00fd obst\u00e1t p\u0159ed soudem, v\u010detn\u011b vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed soudci a za\u0159\u00edk\u00e1n\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed srdce.<\/p><p>Srde\u010dn\u00ed skaraby, tedy amulety ve tvaru brouka, byly zesnul\u00fdm p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1ny a m\u011bly zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby srdce p\u0159i soudu sv\u011bd\u010dilo proti mrtv\u00e9mu.<\/p><p>Maat samotn\u00e1 v\u0161ak nebyla <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span>, kter\u00e9 by se vz\u00fdvalo jako ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo proti d\u00e9mon\u016fm. Jej\u00ed ochrana p\u016fsobila nep\u0159\u00edmo, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159\u00e1du. Sv\u011bt v souladu s Maat byl sv\u011btem, v n\u011bm\u017e chaos a jeho \u0161kodliv\u00e9 s\u00edly z\u016fst\u00e1valy zatla\u010deny.<\/p><p>V tomto smyslu bylo usilov\u00e1n\u00ed o Maat z\u00e1kladn\u00ed prevenc\u00ed proti ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, jak v tomto \u017eivot\u011b, tak v posmrtn\u00e9m. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost v modern\u00edm smyslu t\u00edm nen\u00ed tvrzena.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Koncept komplexn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd je sou\u010dasn\u011b kosmick\u00fd, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a etick\u00fd, se objevuje v n\u011bkolika star\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch. V religionistick\u00e9 diskusi je Maat \u010dasto srovn\u00e1v\u00e1na s pojmy z jin\u00fdch tradic, nap\u0159\u00edklad s konceptem kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du ve star\u00e9m indick\u00e9m my\u0161len\u00ed. Takov\u00e1 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Maat pat\u0159\u00ed k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu typu p\u0159edstav o \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci star\u00e9ho Orientu lze Maat vzt\u00e1hnout k mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdm p\u0159edstav\u00e1m o bo\u017esky ustanoven\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu a pravd\u011b, ani\u017e by bylo nutn\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed. Tak\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed znalo postavy a pojmy, kter\u00e9 zt\u011bles\u0148ovaly spravedlnost a spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Tyto paralely je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat jako typologickou p\u0159\u00edbuznost, nikoli jako historickou z\u00e1vislost.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed Maat je t\u011bsn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed bohyn\u011b a principu a jej\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 ideologii a v posmrtn\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e.<\/p><p>Zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 my\u0161lenka sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du \u010dasto sp\u00ed\u0161e abstraktn\u00ed, v Egypt\u011b se vyvinula v pevn\u011b vymezenou bo\u017eskou postavu s vlastn\u00ed ikonografi\u00ed a vlastn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span>. Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed religionistick\u00fd pohled pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jasn\u011bji rozpoznat jak spole\u010dn\u00e9 rysy, tak specificky egyptsk\u00e9 prvky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Maat je v modern\u00ed egyptologii velmi sledovan\u00fdm t\u00e9matem. Prameny jsou bohat\u00e9, proto\u017ee se tento pojem objevuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech textov\u00fdch druz\u00edch, od chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f p\u0159es moudroslovn\u00e9 texty a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokumenty a\u017e po Knihu mrtv\u00fdch.<\/p><p>Na tomto z\u00e1klad\u011b vypracoval v\u00fdzkum Maat jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pojem egyptsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bton\u00e1zoru. Jedna vlivn\u00e1 studie popsala Maat jako formu konektivn\u00ed spravedlnosti, tedy jako princip, kter\u00fd spojuje jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho n\u00e1sledky a udr\u017euje spole\u010dnost pomoc\u00ed vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 povinnosti.<\/p><p>Diskutuje se tak\u00e9 o prom\u011bn\u011b pojmu Maat v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dlouh\u00fdch egyptsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin. V dob\u00e1ch kriz\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v tzv. N\u00e1\u0159c\u00edch prvn\u00ed p\u0159echodn\u00e9 doby, se Maat jev\u00ed jako ohro\u017een\u00fd nebo dokonce zvr\u00e1cen\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, jeho\u017e obnoven\u00ed je vytou\u017een\u00e9.<\/p><p>Takov\u00e9 texty ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Maat nebyla ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako samoz\u0159ejm\u00fd stav, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako n\u011bco, co mohlo b\u00fdt ztraceno a musilo b\u00fdt znovu a znovu dob\u00fdv\u00e1no.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 diskuse o tom, jak ch\u00e1pat Maat jako spojen\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o struktu\u0159e a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span>, etiky a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. V\u00fdzkumy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Maat nebyla jen n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm, ale i spole\u010densk\u00fdm a pr\u00e1vn\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm pojmem.<\/p><p>Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v souladu s Maat spojovalo sf\u00e9ru boh\u016f s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm \u017eivotem lid\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee egyptsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a egyptsk\u00e1 p\u0159edstava solidarity a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 povinnosti jsou s t\u00edmto pojmem t\u011bsn\u011b spjaty.<\/p><p>V \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti je Maat zn\u00e1ma p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky sc\u00e9n\u011b posmrtn\u00e9ho soudu a v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed srdce, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed k nej\u010dast\u011bji reprodukovan\u00fdm obraz\u016fm egyptsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak pojem \u010dasto zjednodu\u0161uj\u00ed jen na spravedlnost nebo pravdu. Odborn\u00e9 zab\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed se Maat se op\u00edr\u00e1 o egyptologickou odbornou literaturu a vydan\u00e9 prameny, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed jej\u00ed mnohovrstevnatost jako bohyn\u011b i jako principu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Jan Assmann: <em>Ma\u02bfat. Gerechtigkeit und Unsterblichkeit im Alten \u00c4gypten<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Erik Hornung: <em>Der Eine und die Vielen. Alt\u00e4gyptische G\u00f6tterwelt<\/em> (1971)<\/li><li>Stephen Quirke: <em>Ancient Egyptian Religion<\/em> (1992)<\/li><li><span data-nosnippet>Maulana Karenga: <em>Maat, the Moral Ideal in Ancient Egypt<\/em> (2004)<\/span><\/li><li>Emily Teeter: <em>The Presentation of Maat. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span> and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt<\/em> (1997)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Maat egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b posmrtn\u00fd soud pero pravda spravedlnost sv\u011btov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d Kniha mrtv\u00fdch v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed srdce.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-maat\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/egypt\/\">Egypta<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na 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.jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-maat-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-maat-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3367,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Maat egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Maat \u2013 egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00e1du a pravdy","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Maat, egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b a princip kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, pravdy a spravedlnosti. V\u00e1\u017een\u00ed du\u0161e na peru, Kniha mrtv\u00fdch a povinnost faraona.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145564","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Maat \u2013 egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00e1du a pravdy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Maat, egyptsk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b a princip kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, pravdy a spravedlnosti. 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