{"id":145532,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:17","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145532"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:58:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:58:33","slug":"nanook-pan-lednich-medvedu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/nanook-pan-lednich-medvedu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nanook &#8211; p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f tradice Inuit\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145532\" class=\"elementor elementor-145532 elementor-2660 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nanook - p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f a \u0161amansk\u00fd pomocn\u00edk tradice Inuit\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nanook, v inuktitutsk\u00e9 podob\u011b Nanuq, je n\u00e1bo\u017eensky nabit\u00e1 podoba ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda. Je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za personifikovanou moc a \u0161amansk\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho ducha, jeho\u017e tabu a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed ve cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed m\u00edsto. Religionisticky n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed k cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00ed tradici se svou vlastn\u00ed arktickou specifikou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed duch tradice Inuit\u016f.\">Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Inuit\u016f.\">Inuit<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f.\">P\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-nanook-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-nanook-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-nanook-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_nanook-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147307\" alt=\"Nanook \u2013 duchov\u00e9 z inuitsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_nanook-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_nanook-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_nanook-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_inuit_nanook.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-nanook elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-nanook\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-nanook\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-nanook\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-nanook elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-nanook\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nanook, p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f, je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm <strong>\u0161amansk\u00fdm pomocn\u00edkem<\/strong> v inuitsk\u00e9 tradici Gr\u00f3nska a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed kanadsk\u00e9 Arktidy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nanook nen\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed b\u016fh, ale n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 konstelace, kter\u00e1 se utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kolem ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda. Religionisticky je toto zdvojen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ete a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> typick\u00e9 pro arktick\u00e9 subsisten\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti: zv\u00ed\u0159e je z\u00e1rove\u0148 ko\u0159ist\u00ed, protivn\u00edkem, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm a osobou nadanou vlastn\u00ed d\u016fstojnost\u00ed. Tato konstelace se vzp\u00edr\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed dichotomii subjektu a objektu a je z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 fenomenologie samostatn\u00fdm jevem.<\/p><p>V centr\u00e1ln\u011b arktick\u00e9 tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe\/\">Inuit\u016f<\/a> zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Nanook mezi zv\u00ed\u0159aty v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed. Lov na ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, maso v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e9 a ko\u017ee\u0161ina presti\u017en\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z tohoto hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu vyr\u016fst\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 nabit\u00ed. Kdo ulov\u00ed ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, nez\u00edskal pouze ko\u0159ist: p\u0159ijal bytost, kter\u00e1 mu darovala svou s\u00edlu.<\/p><p>Ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd je nav\u00edc hlavn\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem na podobu pomocn\u00fdch duch\u016f, zejm\u00e9na <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145528\">Tornarssuka<\/a>. Toto propojen\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ete a \u0161amansk\u00e9ho pomocn\u00e9ho ducha je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem inuitsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a odli\u0161uje ho od n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata a duchy striktn\u011b odd\u011bluj\u00ed. Prostupnost mezi ob\u011bma sf\u00e9rami je z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 fenomenologie konstitutivn\u00ed.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 konstelace kolem ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda byla v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed badatelsk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e zpracov\u00e1na s roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdmi metodick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed etnografickou p\u0159esnost, jazykovou kritiku pramen\u016f a srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed perspektivu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b u Nanooka, jeho\u017e obraz je na Z\u00e1pad\u011b siln\u011b p\u0159ekryt popkulturn\u00ed recepc\u00ed, dnes spoluv\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 komunita znalost\u00ed Inuit\u016f opravuje star\u0161\u00ed, m\u00edsty koloni\u00e1ln\u011b zabarven\u00e9 interpretace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a jazykov\u00e1 rozmanitost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V inuktitutu centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Arktidy zn\u00ed podoba jm\u00e9na Nanuq. V z\u00e1padn\u00edm Gr\u00f3nsku Nanoq, v inupiatsk\u00e9 tradici Alja\u0161ky Nanuk, v tradici Tunumiit\u016f v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Gr\u00f3nska Nannut. Tato variace je jazykov\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1vateln\u00e1 a v\u011bdecky nikoli rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed, av\u0161ak p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s prameny by na ni m\u011bl b\u00fdt br\u00e1n ohled.<\/p><p>Anglick\u00e1 podoba Nanook se ve 20. stolet\u00ed stala mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardn\u00ed formou d\u00edky filmu Roberta Flahertyho <em>Nanook of the North<\/em> (1922). V\u011bdecky se jedn\u00e1 o vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed recepci bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vazby na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah. Jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o popkulturn\u00ed standardizaci, jej\u00ed\u017e vliv na obraz inuitsk\u00e9 kultury byl zna\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Etymologicky je Nanuq p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 s prainuitsk\u00fdm ko\u0159enem pro medv\u011bda. Specializace na ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda oproti hn\u011bd\u00e9mu medv\u011bdovi je podm\u00edn\u011bna arktick\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, nebo\u0165 hn\u011bd\u00ed medv\u011bdi jsou mimo subarktick\u00e9 lesy vz\u00e1cn\u00ed. Tato ekologick\u00e1 podm\u00edn\u011bnost tvorby pojmu je z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 fenomenologie samostatn\u00fdm jevem a odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed t\u011bsn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed jazyka a ekologie.<\/p><p>Dopl\u0148kov\u011b se nab\u00edz\u00ed religiozn\u011b-sociologick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka po funkci Nanooka v soci\u00e1ln\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed inuitsk\u00e9 komunity. Proto\u017ee nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd a z\u00e1rove\u0148 presti\u017en\u00ed lov na ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda byl n\u00e1bo\u017eensky nabit\u00fd, lze na n\u011bm dob\u0159e uk\u00e1zat, jak t\u011bsn\u011b byla n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 struktura propletena se spole\u010denskou prax\u00ed. Odd\u011blit ji od n\u00ed nelze.<\/p><p>Toto propleten\u00ed je samostatnou oblast\u00ed religionisticko-antropologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a systematicky je zkoumali zejm\u00e9na Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Laugrand a Jarich Oosten.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a symbolick\u00e9 nabit\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nanook je ve sv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 podob\u011b sou\u010dasn\u011b zv\u00ed\u0159etem i osobou. \u0160amani vypravuj\u00ed, \u017ee se ledn\u00ed medv\u011bdi v transu jev\u00ed jako lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed svou k\u016f\u017ei jako od\u011bv. Tato p\u0159edstava prom\u011bny mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a zv\u00ed\u0159etem je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> arktick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd se obm\u011b\u0148uje v mnoh\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch a z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 fenomenologie p\u0159edstavuje samostatn\u00fd jev.<\/p><p>V ikonografii soudob\u00e9ho inuitsk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed je Nanook jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch postav. Rytiny do kamene z Cape Dorset, Pangnirtungu a Iqaluitu ho v\u011bt\u0161inou zobrazuj\u00ed v klidn\u00e9m, mohutn\u00e9m postoji. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto zobrazen\u00ed je dnes hodnocen r\u016fzn\u011b, \u010dasto se jedn\u00e1 o kulturn\u00ed znak identity, n\u011bkdy o v\u011bdom\u00e9 odkazov\u00e1n\u00ed na n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny.<\/p><p>Symbolicky je Nanook spojen se silou, trp\u011blivost\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dnou kr\u00e1sou arktick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. V\u011bdecky to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdrok\u016fm inuitsk\u00fdch \u0161aman\u016f o d\u016fstojnosti ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, nejde tedy o modern\u00ed romantizaci. Tato d\u016fstojnost je zalo\u017eena teologicky, nikoli esteticky, a projevuje se v tabuov\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch lovu a nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s ko\u0159ist\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> je Nanook ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako sou\u010d\u00e1st cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 topografie, kter\u00e1 se opakuje na tis\u00edc\u00edch kilometr\u016f v pozoruhodn\u011b stabiln\u00ed struktu\u0159e. Tato rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 konstantnost pat\u0159\u00ed k nejn\u00e1padn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm religionisticko-fenomenologick\u00fdm poznatk\u016fm oboru a je dodnes p\u0159edm\u011btem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed badatelsk\u00e9 diskuze.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Loveck\u00e1 tabu a nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s ko\u0159ist\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lov na ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda byl obest\u0159en mnoha tabu. Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m uloven\u00ed byl medv\u011bd p\u0159ijat jako host, nikoli jednodu\u0161e zpracov\u00e1n jako ko\u0159ist. Du\u0161e medv\u011bda, jeho <em>tatkoq<\/em> nebo <em>tarniq<\/em>, musela b\u00fdt spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm zach\u00e1zen\u00edm s t\u011blem usm\u00ed\u0159ena, aby se pozd\u011bji dobrovoln\u011b vr\u00e1tila jako ko\u0159ist.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed praktiky spo\u010d\u00edvaly v nab\u00eddnut\u00ed sladk\u00e9 vody mrtv\u00e9mu medv\u011bdovi, ulo\u017een\u00ed jeho lebky na ur\u010den\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee v \u00factyhodn\u00e9 pozici a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed truchl\u00edc\u00ed doby, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e se lovci vyh\u00fdbali ur\u010dit\u00fdm pokrm\u016fm.<\/p><p>Tyto praktiky jsou v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny jako medv\u011bd\u00ed poh\u0159eb nebo medv\u011bd\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1l a strukturn\u011b se podobaj\u00ed praktik\u00e1m jin\u00fdch subarktick\u00fdch a arktick\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Ain\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00fdch sibi\u0159sk\u00fdch skupin.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je medv\u011bd\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm dokladem reciprocity v inuitsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Ko\u0159ist je ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako dar, na kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba odpov\u011bd\u011bt odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, aby lov nad\u00e1le fungoval, a nikoli jako majetek lovce. Tato recipro\u010dn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> je z hlediska religionistiky sv\u00e9bytn\u00fdm jevem a z\u00e1sadn\u011b se li\u0161\u00ed od tr\u017en\u011b-ekonomick\u00fdch koncept\u016f zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nanook jako \u0161amansk\u00fd pomocn\u00fd duch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ledn\u00ed medv\u011bdi pat\u0159ili k nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm podob\u00e1m, v nich\u017e \u0161amani zakou\u0161eli sv\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 duchy. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145528\">Tornarssuk<\/a>, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pomocn\u00fd duch, je v n\u011bkolika pramenech v\u00fdslovn\u011b popisov\u00e1n v podob\u011b ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda. Spojen\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ete a duchovn\u00ed moci je tedy strukturn\u011b a religionisticky konstitutivn\u00ed pro inuitsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, o n\u00e1hod\u011b nelze mluvit.<\/p><p>\u0160amani, kte\u0159\u00ed se specializovali na ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fakoly, \u010dasto z\u00edsk\u00e1vali ducha ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda jako pomocn\u00edka. Daniel Merkur ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>Becoming Half Hidden<\/em> zdokumentoval n\u011bkolik biografi\u00ed povol\u00e1n\u00ed, v nich\u017e se budouc\u00edmu angakkuqovi zjev\u00ed ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd, uvede jej do stavu transu a p\u0159ed\u00e1 mu svou moc. Tato sekvence povol\u00e1n\u00ed je typick\u00fdm vzorem inuitsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed s duchovn\u00edm sv\u011btem.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>.<\/p><p>P\u0159i ritu\u00e1lech se \u0161amani mohli symbolicky prom\u011bnit v ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda t\u00edm, \u017ee se pohybovali po \u010dty\u0159ech, vr\u010deli nebo pou\u017e\u00edvali lebku ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda jako masku. Tato praxe je sou\u010dasn\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed zlo: o znamen\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed zadr\u017eet \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaick\u00e1<\/span> i inicia\u010dn\u00ed a ve srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu \u0161amanismu je zn\u00e1ma jako arktick\u00e1 identifikace se zv\u00ed\u0159etem. Teologick\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem je t\u011bsn\u00e1 identifikace \u0161amana s medv\u011bd\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n \u00fa\u010dinek ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duchem<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o medv\u011bd\u00edm mu\u017ei<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm \u017e\u00e1nrem inuitsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed literatury jsou p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o medv\u011bd\u00edch mu\u017e\u00edch nebo medv\u011bd\u00edch \u017een\u00e1ch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b mezi lidmi, dokud nen\u00ed odhalena jejich prav\u00e1 povaha. Tato vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou p\u0159edstavu prom\u011bny a z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je t\u0159eba je \u010d\u00edst jako teologickou reflexi v narativn\u00ed form\u011b. S poh\u00e1dkami v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu maj\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo spole\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/p><p>Typick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed vdovu, kter\u00e1 si vezme cizince, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1\u017ee b\u00fdt ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch verz\u00edch s n\u00edm \u017eije \u0161\u0165astn\u011b, v jin\u00fdch je medv\u011bd vyhn\u00e1n nebo zabit v d\u016fsledku poru\u0161en\u00ed tabu poz\u016fstal\u00fdmi, na\u010de\u017e ho \u017eena oplak\u00e1v\u00e1 jako ztr\u00e1tu. Takov\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed jsou \u010dtena jako p\u0159\u00edklad prostupn\u00fdch hranic mezi sv\u011btem lid\u00ed a zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky je tento vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed \u017e\u00e1nr d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, proto\u017ee p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed teologickou p\u0159edstavu do narativn\u00ed podoby. Bez t\u011bchto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed by medv\u011bd\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> z\u016fstala pouh\u00fdm teoretick\u00fdm zbytkem. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u011b sd\u011blitelnou a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed tradice v \u00fastn\u00ed podob\u011b po generace.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 p\u0159ekryt\u00ed a modern\u00ed identita<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 mise prom\u011bnila <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda jen \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b. Tabu spojen\u00e1 s lovem se v mnoha inuitsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00edch zachovala, proto\u017ee byla bezprost\u0159edn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1na s prax\u00ed lovu a nekolidovala p\u0159\u00edmo s k\u0159es\u0165anskou naukou. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd n\u00e1boj byl z\u010d\u00e1sti k\u0159es\u0165ansky reinterpretov\u00e1n, nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee medv\u011bd\u00ed maso bylo ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako Bo\u017e\u00ed dar.<\/p><p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 inuitsk\u00e9 identit\u011b se ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm symbolem. Vlajka Nunavutu zobrazuje inuk\u0161uka a stopy ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, znaky mnoha obc\u00ed obsahuj\u00ed motivy ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda. Tato symbolika nelze historicky p\u0159\u00edmo odvodit, ale odkazuje na trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdznam Nanooka pro kulturn\u00ed sebeur\u010den\u00ed inuitsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>V diskurzu o klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b a populac\u00edch ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 pozad\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b znovu dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed. Kdy\u017e miz\u00ed ledn\u00ed medv\u011bdi, miz\u00ed s t\u00edmto druhem zv\u00ed\u0159at z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd a kulturn\u011b napln\u011bn\u00fd bytost. Toto zdvojen\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k politick\u00e9 v\u00e1ze inuitsk\u00e9ho hlasu v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed debat\u011b o klimatu a \u010din\u00ed z ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda teologicko-politick\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd symbol.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kulty medv\u011bda jsou v cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed oblasti \u0161iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Ainusk\u00fd ob\u0159ad <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed \u00fakon prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">iyomante<\/span> pro medv\u011bda, ugrofinsk\u00e9 medv\u011bd\u00ed sv\u00e1tky, sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 medv\u011bd\u00ed ceremonie a severoamerick\u00e9 medv\u011bd\u00ed tabu subarktick\u00e9 oblasti dohromady tvo\u0159\u00ed cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, jeho\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 vztahy jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu.<\/p><p>A. Irving Hallowell ve sv\u00e9 klasick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere<\/em> (1926) zdokumentoval cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00edch tabu a otev\u0159el t\u00edm diskusi o panaeurasijsk\u00e9 vrstv\u011b. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad Juha Pentik\u00e4inen a Daniel Merkur, tuto tezi rozpracoval a doplnil p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi studiemi.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci inuitsk\u00e9 tradice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Nanook variantou tohoto cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00edho medv\u011bd\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi specifiky. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, kter\u00fd se v t\u00e9to podob\u011b vyskytuje pouze v Arktid\u011b, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje ekologickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost. Toto ekologick\u00e9 zasazen\u00ed je pro v\u011bdeck\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed a odli\u0161uje inuitskou variantu od kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edch medv\u011bd\u00edch kult\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkum a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdzkum Nanooka je rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd. Z\u00e1pisky Knuda Rasmussena, d\u00edla Franze Boase, synt\u00e9za Daniela Merkura a soudob\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rica Laugranda a Pamely Sternov\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed bohat\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Spojen\u00ed religionistiky, etologie zv\u00ed\u0159at a klimatologie je nov\u00fdm t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00ed a v\u011bdecky obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b plodn\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/p><p>V popul\u00e1rn\u00ed recepci je Nanook mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomen od Flahertyho filmu z roku 1922. Tato recepce je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b romantizuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b komercializuj\u00edc\u00ed. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je t\u0159eba popul\u00e1rn\u00ed postavu Nanooka odli\u0161ovat od tradi\u010dn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a o v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda, ani\u017e by se podce\u0148oval jej\u00ed vliv na obraz inuitsk\u00e9 kultury.<\/p><p>V inuitsk\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch je Nanook dnes ch\u00e1p\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako kulturn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> a sou\u010d\u00e1st ekologick\u00e9 identity. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 vrstva je p\u0159\u00edtomna, av\u0161ak z\u0159\u00eddka explicitn\u011b. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 obecn\u00e9 sekularizaci n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 tradice p\u0159i sou\u010dasn\u00e9m zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00ed praxe a z religionisticko-sociologick\u00e9ho hlediska jde o typick\u00fd vzorec modern\u00edch domorod\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">K\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e9 odkazy v lexikonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nanook se poj\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145526\">Sednou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145528\">Tornarssukem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145527\">Silou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145531\">Pingou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145533\">Igalukem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145530\">Angutou<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145529\">Tupilakem<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145534\">Malinou<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145535\">Qailertetangem<\/a>. Kulturn\u00ed centrum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe\/\">Inuitsk\u00e1 tradice<\/a> zasazuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda do kontextu. Strukturn\u011b podobn\u00e9 medv\u011bd\u00ed teologie se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sami-finsko-ugricka-tradice-noaidi-buben\/\">s\u00e1msk\u00e9<\/a> \u0159ad\u011b heslo, kde <em>Leibolmm\u00e1i<\/em> jako p\u00e1n medv\u011bd\u016f zast\u00e1v\u00e1 srovnateln\u00e9 funkce.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2035a214 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2035a214\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c61aaa0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2c61aaa0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Loveck\u00fd ritu\u00e1l po uloven\u00ed medv\u011bda<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c08c299 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c08c299\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25efc88b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp25efc88b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V etnografick\u00fdch z\u00e1pisech o centr\u00e1ln\u00ed a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Arktid\u011b je zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se zabit\u00fdm ledn\u00edm medv\u011bdem pops\u00e1no jako uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e1 posloupnost \u00fakon\u016f.<\/p><p>Knud Rasmussen zaznamenal b\u011bhem P\u00e1t\u00e9 thulsk\u00e9 expedice (1921 a\u017e 1924) u iglulick\u00fdch Inuit\u016f p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee du\u0161e medv\u011bda, <em>tarniq<\/em>, po smrti n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na m\u00edst\u011b t\u00e1bo\u0159en\u00ed. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b platily zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, jejich\u017e dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rozhodovalo o tom, zda medv\u011bd v onom sv\u011bt\u011b p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b referuje o lovu.<\/p><p>K tradovan\u00fdm zvyklostem pat\u0159ilo p\u0159ilo\u017eit uloven\u00e9mu zv\u00ed\u0159eti n\u00e1stroje nebo drobn\u00e9 dary. Samci medv\u011bda se p\u0159ikl\u00e1dalo loveck\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, samici pak pom\u016fcky spojen\u00e9 s \u017eenskou prac\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0161krabka na k\u016f\u017ee.<\/p><p>Odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed masa a ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bla se \u0159\u00eddilo pravidly a \u017eeny a mu\u017ei nesm\u011bli po ur\u010ditou dobu na zv\u00ed\u0159eti prov\u00e1d\u011bt stejn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Rasmussen zaznamenal, \u017ee m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159 nebo jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti byly vraceny zp\u011bt do mo\u0159e, co\u017e je praxe vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed paralely s b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm arktick\u00fdm zach\u00e1zen\u00edm s du\u0161emi tule\u0148\u016f.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum za\u0159azuje tyto zvyky do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho komplexu p\u0159edstav, v n\u011bm\u017e se zv\u011b\u0159 dobrovoln\u011b vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bku, pokud jsou pravidla dodr\u017eov\u00e1na. Nanook je v tomto r\u00e1mci m\u00e9n\u011b jednotliv\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span> ne\u017e vyzdvi\u017eenou zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed osobnost\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e zach\u00e1zen\u00ed je vzorov\u00e9 pro vztah k cel\u00e9mu zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmu sv\u011btu.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9, mezi nimi Asen Balikci ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch o Netsilic\u00edch, zd\u016fraz\u0148ovali, \u017ee takov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly siln\u011b m\u00edstn\u011b variovaly a \u017ee verze zaznamenan\u00e9 expedicemi jsou momentkami jednotliv\u00fdch skupin.<\/p><p>Panarktick\u00e9 zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00edho ritu\u00e1lu, jak se objevuje v popul\u00e1rn\u00edch zpracov\u00e1n\u00edch, nelze z pramen\u016f odvodit. Srovnatelnou p\u00e9\u010di p\u0159i zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s ulovenou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed vykazuje tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145526\">Sedna<\/a>, pan\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d25e49d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d25e49d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fb411fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2fb411fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stav pramen\u016f a probl\u00e9m tradov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp260a022f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp260a022f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp23e6bc54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp23e6bc54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Poznatky o Nanookovi poch\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b ze z\u00e1pisk\u016f badatel\u016f, mision\u00e1\u0159\u016f a etnograf\u016f, jen m\u00e1lo z pramen\u016f samotn\u00fdch Inuit\u016f. Z\u00e1klad mnoha v\u00fdklad\u016f tvo\u0159\u00ed dodnes ran\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, nap\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1ce Franze Boase o Centr\u00e1ln\u00edch Eskim\u00e1c\u00edch (1888), a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 sb\u00edrka materi\u00e1l\u016f z Thulsk\u00fdch expedic.<\/p><p>Tyto texty jsou hodnotn\u00e9, ale nesou v sob\u011b podm\u00ednky sv\u00e9ho vzniku. Byly sb\u00edr\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tlumo\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, \u010dasto b\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch pobyt\u016f, a zaps\u00e1ny pojmy poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z evropsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 terminologie.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je p\u0159eklad slova <em>tarniq<\/em> jako du\u0161e a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch osobnost\u00ed jako bo\u017estev. Oba p\u0159eklady nazna\u010duj\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd v t\u00e9to podob\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 neexistoval.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum upozor\u0148uje na to, \u017ee inuitsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o medv\u011bdech, lidech a jin\u00fdch bytostech byly prom\u011bnliv\u00e9 a nerozpadaly se do pevn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed boha, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span> a zv\u00ed\u0159e. I samotn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no Nanook je zprvu jen b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 slovo pro ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda; jeho u\u017eit\u00ed jako vlastn\u00edho jm\u00e9na ochrann\u00e9 \u010di vl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed postavy je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b produktem p\u00edsemn\u00e9ho zaznamen\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>K tomu p\u0159istupuje vliv filmu <em>Nanook of the North<\/em> Roberta Flahertyho z roku 1922. Film byl v n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech naaran\u017eovan\u00fd a trvale ovlivnil z\u00e1padn\u00ed obraz Inuit\u016f, ani\u017e by skute\u010dn\u011b zobrazoval n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy. Dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdzkum proto rozli\u0161uje mezi p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00fdm ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm komplexem a popul\u00e1rn\u00ed postavou.<\/p><p>Inuitsk\u00e9 organizace v Kanad\u011b a Gr\u00f3nsku v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch za\u010daly kriticky prov\u011b\u0159ovat star\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1pisy a znovu dokumentovat \u00fastn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 znalosti star\u0161\u00edch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v r\u00e1mci projekt\u016f Inuit Heritage Trust. Tyto pr\u00e1ce ukazuj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u00edly z\u0159eteln\u011bji, ne\u017e to dok\u00e1zala klasick\u00e1 souborn\u00e1 d\u00edla.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Knud Rasmussen: <em>Intellectual Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos<\/em> (Kopenhagen 1929)<\/li><li>A. Irving Hallowell: <em>Bear Ceremonialism in the Northern Hemisphere<\/em> (Menasha 1926)<\/li><li>Daniel Merkur: <em>Becoming Half Hidden<\/em> (Stockholm 1985)<\/li><li>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Laugrand a Jarich Oosten: <em>Inuit Shamanism and Christianity<\/em> (Montreal 2010)<\/li><li>Pamela Stern: <em>Historical Dictionary of the Inuit<\/em> (Lanham 2013)<\/li><li>Robert Flaherty: <em>Nanook of the North<\/em> (film, 1922)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-nanook e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-nanook\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-nanook-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-nanook-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V inuitsk\u00e9 tradici je Nanook pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u00e1na ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f a za <em>\u0161amanova pomocn\u00edka<\/em>, kter\u00fd and\u017eokvakovi (angakkuqovi) ukazuje cesty p\u0159es led a poskytuje informace o budouc\u00edm lovu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Nanook Nanuq ledn\u00ed medv\u011bd duch ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda medv\u011bd\u00ed ceremoni\u00e1l arktick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismus<\/span> inuktitut.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-nanook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/inuite-arktida-sedna-tornit-praxe\/\">Inuit\u016f<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-nanook-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-nanook-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2876,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Nanook inuitsk\u00fd duch ledn\u00edho medv\u011bda","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Nanook - p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f a \u0161amansk\u00fd pomocn\u00edk Inuit\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Nanook je p\u00e1n ledn\u00edch medv\u011bd\u016f a mocn\u00fd pomocn\u00fd duch inuitsk\u00fdch \u0161aman\u016f. 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