{"id":145517,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:09","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145517"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:58:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:58:09","slug":"wandjina-bytosti-mraku-a-deste-kimberley","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wandjina-bytosti-mraku-a-deste-kimberley\/","title":{"rendered":"Wandjina \u2013 bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b z Kimberley"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145517\" class=\"elementor elementor-145517 elementor-2645 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina, mra\u010dn\u00e9 postavy kmen\u016f Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal v oblasti Kimberley<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wandjina jsou nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9 postavy Aboriginc\u016f Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal v oblasti Kimberley na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Austr\u00e1lie. Jsou to bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytvarovaly krajinu a daly dne\u0161n\u00edm kmen\u016fm jejich z\u00e1kony.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stvo\u0159itel tradice Aboriginci.\">Stvo\u0159itel<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aboriginal-australie-dreamtime-tjukurpa\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Aboriginci.\">Aboriginci<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b.\">Bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-wandjina-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147311\" alt=\"Wandjina - bohov\u00e9 z aboriginsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_aboriginal_wandjina.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wandjina (tak\u00e9 <em>Wanjina<\/em>, <em>Wondjina<\/em>) jsou kolektivn\u00ed stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9 postavy aboriginsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed oblasti Kimberley v severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii. T\u0159i jazykov\u00e9 skupiny, Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal, sd\u00edlej\u00ed komplex Wandjina; spole\u010dn\u011b vlastn\u00ed skaln\u00ed malby, kter\u00e9 se v rokl\u00edch Kimberley zachovaly v tis\u00edc\u00edch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p><p>Wandjina jsou bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b, kter\u00e9 v mytick\u00e9m \u010dase <em>Lalai<\/em> (kimberleysk\u00e1 varianta <em>Dreaming<\/em>) proch\u00e1zely zem\u00ed a formovaly ji. Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145516\">Duhov\u00e9ho hada (Rainbow Serpent)<\/a>, kter\u00fd vystupuje jako jedin\u00e1 postava, je Wandjina mno\u017estv\u00ed bytost\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi jm\u00e9ny a vazbami na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed kmeny.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aboriginal-australie-dreamtime-tjukurpa\/\">aboriginsk\u00e9 tradice<\/a> jsou Wandjina zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou ikonografickou jedine\u010dnost\u00ed: zobrazuj\u00ed se s velk\u00fdma o\u010dima, chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edmi \u00fasty a pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed svatoz\u00e1\u0159, co\u017e je forma zobrazen\u00ed v aboriginsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed bez obdoby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no <em>Wandjina<\/em> se zachovalo ve t\u0159ech jazyc\u00edch Kimberley s drobn\u00fdmi hl\u00e1skov\u00fdmi odchylkami. Jednotn\u00fd etymologick\u00fd v\u00fdklad je sporn\u00fd; Ian Crawford navrhl v roce 1968 souvislost se slovesem ve v\u00fdznamu \u201eobjevit se, uk\u00e1zat se\u201c, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 mytologii Wandjina jako bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se materializuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Jin\u00ed badatel\u00e9 (Andreas Lommel, Helmut Petri) spojovali jm\u00e9no s p\u0159edstavou \u201etoho, kdo nad n\u00e1mi bd\u00ed\u201c. Ob\u011b etymologie jsou jazykov\u011b obhajiteln\u00e9 a historicky se mohou dopl\u0148ovat.<\/p><p>V nejstar\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch pramenech (George Grey 1838, prvn\u00ed Evropan, kter\u00fd zdokumentoval skaln\u00ed malby Wandjina) je jm\u00e9no chybn\u011b uvedeno jako \u201eWonjina\u201c. Tento z\u00e1pis se udr\u017eel v n\u011bkter\u00fdch viktori\u00e1nsk\u00fdch textech, dnes je ale ji\u017e p\u0159ekonan\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ikonografie Wandjina pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v aboriginsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed. Charakteristick\u00e9 je: velk\u00e9 tmav\u00e9 o\u010di bez zorni\u010dek; \u0161irok\u00fd nos; chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasta (s vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, \u017ee \u00fasta Wandjina by zaplavila sv\u011bt); pokr\u00fdvka hlavy p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed svatoz\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje de\u0161\u0165ov\u00e9 mraky a blesky; \u010dasto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9, \u017elut\u00e9 a b\u00edl\u00e9 t\u011blesn\u00e9 malby.<\/p><p>Tato ikonografie je na skaln\u00edch malb\u00e1ch Kimberley dolo\u017eena nejm\u00e9n\u011b 4000 let; vznikla \u010dasov\u011b pozd\u011bji ne\u017e star\u0161\u00ed, tenk\u00e9 postavy zvan\u00e9 \u201eGwion-Gwion\u201c. Ian Crawford systematicky zpracoval ikonografickou chronologii v d\u00edle <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford 1968).<\/p><p>V dne\u0161n\u00edm aboriginsk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed malby Wandjina d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed t\u0159i zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 skupiny akrylem, na k\u016f\u0159e i na pap\u00ed\u0159e. Sdru\u017een\u00ed um\u011blc\u016f Mowanjum v Derby (zalo\u017een\u00e9 1973) je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch center t\u00e9to tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Wandjina hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u201eVelk\u00e9 potop\u011b\u201c (<em>Galagari<\/em>) v \u010dase <em>Lalai<\/em>: Wandjina p\u0159i\u0161ly, sv\u011bt byl chaotick\u00fd, a ony ho sv\u00fdmi prudk\u00fdmi vodami uspo\u0159\u00e1daly, ustanovily dne\u0161n\u00ed topografii a daly lidem kmenov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony.<\/p><p>Po dokon\u010den\u00ed d\u00edla \u201ese namalovaly na sk\u00e1ly\u201c, tedy prom\u011bnily se v dne\u0161n\u00ed skaln\u00ed malby.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje konflikt mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi skupinami Wandjina, kter\u00fd kon\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1stupem such\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Tento etiologick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> vysv\u011btluje klima Kimberley: de\u0161tiv\u00e9 \u201eWet Season\u201c a such\u00e9 \u201eDry Season\u201c jako kosmick\u00fd kolob\u011bh.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond zaznamenal ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Places that Move<\/em> (2005) obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b n\u011bkolik vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Wandjina z tradice Ngarinyin. Tyto z\u00e1znamy jsou metodick\u00fdm vzorem pro spolupr\u00e1ci v etnografii soudob\u00e9ho aboriginsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed prax\u00ed je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed skaln\u00edch maleb Wandjina (<em>repainting<\/em>). P\u0159ed obdob\u00edm de\u0161\u0165\u016f nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed kmenov\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal m\u00edsta se skaln\u00edmi malbami a Wandjina p\u0159emalov\u00e1vaj\u00ed nov\u00fdmi barvami. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> nen\u00ed pouze konzervac\u00ed, ale aktivn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou obnovou, d\u00edky p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed Wandjina \u201ebd\u011bl\u00e9\u201c.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vyobrazen\u00ed Wandjina je d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e1 a \u0159\u00edd\u00ed se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi pravidly p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed. Kdo nese tuto odpov\u011bdnost, je tak\u00e9 zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za oblast, v n\u00ed\u017e se dan\u00e9 vyobrazen\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed, jde o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 spojen\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va s pr\u00e1vem k p\u016fd\u011b.<\/p><p>V 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed vznikl spor, kdy\u017e neindigenn\u00ed um\u011blec Vesna Tenodi ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystavoval postavy podobn\u00e9 Wandjina; um\u011blci z Mowanjum proti tomu protestovali a spor skon\u010dil u australsk\u00fdch soud\u016f, co\u017e je u\u010debnicov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad pr\u00e1vn\u00edho sporu o pr\u00e1va k indigenn\u00edm obrazov\u00fdm motiv\u016fm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Religionistick\u00fd popis: Ochrann\u00e1 praxe v komplexu Wandjina se zam\u011b\u0159uje na zachov\u00e1n\u00ed skaln\u00edch maleb a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 osoby nesm\u011bj\u00ed na tato m\u00edsta vstupovat, fotografovat je ani se jich dot\u00fdkat. Poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto tabu je v r\u00e1mci tradice pova\u017eov\u00e1no za p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu bou\u0159\u00ed, nemoc\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch konflikt\u016f.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed apotropaickou prax\u00ed je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho z Wandjina p\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f: Nejstar\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 komunity nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed tato m\u00edsta, promlouvaj\u00ed k Wandjina a \u201epros\u00ed\u201c je o \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> lze religionisticky popsat jako praxi, ani\u017e by byl p\u0159islibov\u00e1n jak\u00fdkoli \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/p><p>Z etnografick\u00e9 vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed perspektivy jsou tyto praktiky pravidly strukturuj\u00edc\u00edmi ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot, kter\u00e1 zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed kolektivn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za Country (ve smyslu Deborah Bird Roseov\u00e9).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b spojen\u00e9 se stvo\u0159en\u00edm sv\u011bta jsou religionisticky \u0161iroce dolo\u017eeny. Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00ed jsou: Tlaloc a Chac v Mezoamerice; Indra ve sv\u00e9 funkci boha de\u0161t\u011b v Indii; Baal ve starosyrsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed; v Polyn\u00e9sii T\u0101whirim\u0101tea; v And\u00e1ch n\u011bkolik Ap\u016f s moc\u00ed nad po\u010das\u00edm.<\/p><p>I p\u0159es tyto paralely jsou Wandjina v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 sv\u00fdm kolektivn\u00edm mno\u017estv\u00edm, svou ikonografickou sv\u00e9bytnost\u00ed (absence \u00fasty) a \u00fapln\u00fdm zapojen\u00edm do specifick\u00e9 topografick\u00e9 praxe. Nejsou \u201ebohem de\u0161t\u011b\u201c, n\u00fdbr\u017e bytostmi mrak\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 zem\u00ed i po\u010das\u00edm.<\/p><p>Religionisticky zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee absence \u00fasty u Wandjina odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fdslovn\u00e9mu mytologick\u00e9mu zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed: Wandjina s \u00fasty by zp\u016fsobila p\u0159\u00edvalovou vlnu. Takov\u00e1 sebereferen\u010dn\u00ed obrazov\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o Bohu a o v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> je historicky vz\u00e1cn\u00e1.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ran\u00fdmi d\u00edly jsou cestopis George Greye (1841), Andreas Lommelovo <em>Die Unambal<\/em> (1952), Helmut Petrovo <em>Sterbende Welt in Nordwest-Australien<\/em> (1954) a Ian Crawfordovo <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford 1968). Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Anthonyho Redmonda tuto star\u0161\u00ed tradici dopl\u0148uj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Wandjina jsou dnes mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 d\u00edky um\u011bleck\u00e9mu sdru\u017een\u00ed Mowanjum a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edmu festivalu Mowanjum v Derby, kter\u00fd spojuje t\u0159i kmenov\u00e9 skupiny. V\u011bdecky je toto sdru\u017een\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee spojuje tradi\u010dn\u00ed praxi s modern\u00edm marketingem, ani\u017e by se vzdalo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 podstaty.<\/p><p>V\u00fdznamn\u00fd proud sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu spojuje tradici Wandjina s procesy o pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va od rozsudku Mabo z roku 1992. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam skaln\u00edch maleb Wandjina se zde prom\u011bnil v pr\u00e1vn\u00ed argumenta\u010dn\u00ed figuru.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 debaty a otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wandjina jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem n\u011bkolika v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch debat. Za prv\u00e9: jak\u00fd je vztah Wandjina ke star\u0161\u00edm skaln\u00edm malb\u00e1m Gwion-Gwion? Star\u0161\u00ed teze (Lommel) vid\u011bla v Gwion-Gwion p\u0159edchoz\u00ed tradici; nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum (Crawford, Crocombe) je v tomto ohledu opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Za druh\u00e9: jak\u00e9 vztahy existuj\u00ed mezi Wandjina a panaboriginskou tradic\u00ed Duhov\u00e9ho hada (Rainbow Serpent)? Anthony Redmond navrhuje \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed; Tony Swain varuje p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161irok\u00fdmi panaboriginsk\u00fdmi hypot\u00e9zami.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed: jak se tradice Wandjina prom\u011b\u0148uje pod vlivem glob\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu s um\u011bn\u00ed? Koncept Howarda Morphyho \u201eBecoming Art\u201c je zde kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm teoretick\u00fdm odkazem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Repainting a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 obnova<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed repainting jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>. Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed obnova skaln\u00edch maleb m\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed funkci: fyzicky udr\u017euje obrazy viditeln\u00e9 po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, n\u00e1bo\u017eensky udr\u017euje Wandjina \u201ebd\u011bl\u00e9\u201c a ve vztahu k \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmu spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum dlouho ch\u00e1pal repainting jako pouhou konzervaci; teprve od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky prac\u00edm Anthonyho Redmonda, je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako ned\u00edln\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe. Toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro to, jak se z\u00e1padn\u00ed konzerv\u00e1to\u0159i se skaln\u00edmi malbami zach\u00e1z\u00ed: pokud se zabr\u00e1n\u00ed repaintingu, \u201ezab\u00edj\u00ed\u201c se t\u00edm Wandjina v tradi\u010dn\u00edm smyslu.<\/p><p>Religionfenomenologicky je repainting p\u0159\u00edkladem \u201e\u017eiv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 materiality\u201c: n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 objekty nejsou pouze nositeli v\u00fdznamu, ale aktivn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fakonem udr\u017eov\u00e1ni p\u0159i \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina a pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Aboriginc\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 perspektiva spojuje Wandjina s australsk\u00fdmi procesy o pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Od rozsudku Mabo z roku 1992 a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona Native Title Act z roku 1993 mohou skupiny Aboriginc\u016f uplat\u0148ovat n\u00e1roky na p\u016fdu na z\u00e1klad\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch vazeb. Skaln\u00ed malby Wandjina se p\u0159i tom staly pr\u00e1vn\u00ed argumenta\u010dn\u00ed figurou.<\/p><p>N\u011bkolik proces\u016f o pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s Wandjina bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b uzav\u0159eno; skupiny Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal maj\u00ed dnes v oblasti Kimberley podstatn\u00e1 pozemkov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Anthony Redmond ve sv\u00fdch prac\u00edch popsal n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd i pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u00fdznam t\u011bchto proces\u016f.<\/p><p>Z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je toto propojen\u00ed u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem: n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinnou kategori\u00ed, ani\u017e by ztratilo svou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou povahu. Toto propojen\u00ed je pro sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Aboriginc\u016f z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexe a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdzkum Wandjina nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na n\u011bkolik metodick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Zaprv\u00e9: nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ran\u00e9 prameny (George Grey, Andreas Lommel) jsou zat\u00ed\u017eeny koloni\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159edsudky a jejich v\u00fdpov\u011bdi je t\u0159eba \u010d\u00edst kriticky. Kniha Iana Crawforda <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (1968) p\u0159edstavuje v tomto ohledu metodick\u00fd zlom.<\/p><p>Zadruh\u00e9: velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st znalost\u00ed o Wandjina je \u201erestricted\u201c a nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1na. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed etikou \u201einformed consent\u201c: co je publikov\u00e1no, se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 po dohod\u011b s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi vlastn\u00edky. Tato praxe je standardem od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zat\u0159et\u00ed: sebeprezentace Wandjina prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm domorod\u00fdch badatel\u016f, um\u011blc\u016f a aktivist\u016f p\u0159edstavuje samostatnou pramennou rovinu. Donny Woolagoodja, Mark Crocombe a dal\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hlasy ze sdru\u017een\u00ed Mowanjum dopl\u0148uj\u00ed akademick\u00fd pohled zven\u010d\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed Wandjina do struktury severoz\u00e1padn\u011b-australsk\u00e9ho domorod\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed rozbo\u010dova\u010d <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aboriginal-australie-dreamtime-tjukurpa\/\">domorod\u00e1 tradice<\/a>. Zde najdete odkazy na bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 okruhy postav: hadovitou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145516\">Rainbow Serpent<\/a>, personifikaci blesku <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145525\">Namarrkon<\/a> a tenkolinn\u00e9 st\u00ednov\u00e9 bytosti <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145522\">duchy Mimi<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina a komplex Mowanjum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed komunita um\u011blc\u016f Mowanjum v Derby v Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii. Mowanjum (zalo\u017eena 1973) je sdru\u017een\u00ed komunit Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal. Udr\u017euje tradici Wandjina prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm um\u011bn\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a festivalov\u00e9 kultury.<\/p><p>Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed festival Mowanjum, kter\u00fd se kon\u00e1v\u00e1 od roku 1997, pat\u0159\u00ed k nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm akc\u00edm domorod\u00e9 festivalov\u00e9 kultury v Austr\u00e1lii. Spojuje t\u0159i kmenov\u00e9 skupiny ve spole\u010dn\u00fdch tanc\u00edch, p\u00edsn\u00edch a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edch Wandjina.<\/p><p>Z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je Mowanjum u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem soudob\u00e9 domorod\u00e9 samoorganizace. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice, ekonomick\u00e1 udr\u017eitelnost a politick\u00e1 reprezentace se zde spojuj\u00ed v integrovan\u00e9 struktu\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Wandjina a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s um\u011bn\u00edm<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Samostatn\u00fd sm\u011br v\u00fdzkumu se zam\u011b\u0159uje na postaven\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed Wandjina na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm trhu s um\u011bn\u00edm. Od 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed jsou d\u00edla spojen\u00e1 s Wandjina mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b vystavov\u00e1na a obchodov\u00e1na; n\u011bkter\u00e1 dosahuj\u00ed vysok\u00fdch cen.<\/p><p>Toto komer\u010dn\u00ed zhodnocen\u00ed je z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ambivalentn\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165uje ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed domorod\u00fdch komunit, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b transformuje tajn\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah v tr\u017en\u00ed objekty. Sdru\u017een\u00ed Mowanjum vyvinulo mechanismy, jak s t\u00edmto nap\u011bt\u00edm zach\u00e1zet, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm certifikovan\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eLand der Wandjina\u201c.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond se v \u0159ad\u011b stat\u00ed v\u011bnoval etick\u00fdm souvislostem tohoto zpen\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed. Jeho pr\u00e1ce jsou metodicky ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed pro sou\u010dasnou etnologii domorod\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skaln\u00ed malby Wandjina v \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch o Native Title<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Od rozsudku Mabo Australsk\u00e9ho nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu z roku 1992 mohou domorod\u00e9 skupiny uplat\u0148ovat n\u00e1roky na p\u016fdu na z\u00e1klad\u011b tradi\u010dn\u00edch vazeb. Skaln\u00ed malby Wandjina se p\u0159itom staly pr\u00e1vn\u00edm argumenta\u010dn\u00edm prvkem, jsou vizu\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm trval\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed s \u00fazem\u00edm.<\/p><p>\u0158ada \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o pr\u00e1vech k p\u016fd\u011b s odkazem na Wandjina byla mezit\u00edm \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b uzav\u0159ena; komunit\u00e1m Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal byla v oblasti Kimberley p\u0159izn\u00e1na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 pr\u00e1va k p\u016fd\u011b. Anthony Redmond podrobn\u011b popsal n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dimenze t\u011bchto proces\u016f.<\/p><p>Z hlediska sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed tento p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159\u00edkladn\u011b ukazuje, jak se n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t pr\u00e1vn\u011b nosnou kategori\u00ed, ani\u017e by ztratilo sv\u016fj n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah. Pro sou\u010dasnou australskou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed praxi jde o inovaci, jej\u00ed\u017e d\u016fsledky p\u0159esahuj\u00ed region Wandjina daleko za jeho hranice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodick\u00e1 reflexe a v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 etika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Wandjina se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed striktn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnou etikou. Od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed je standardem praxe \u201einformed consent\u201c: v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce jsou konzultov\u00e1ny s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi vlastn\u00edky, citliv\u00fd obsah se nezve\u0159ej\u0148uje a domorod\u00e9 autorstv\u00ed je uzn\u00e1v\u00e1no.<\/p><p>Anthony Redmond je v tomto ohledu metodicky zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Jeho pr\u00e1ce jsou modelem kolaborativn\u00ed etnografie, kter\u00e1 spojuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 standardy s kulturn\u00ed citlivost\u00ed. Podobn\u00e9 standardy dodr\u017euj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 (Howard Morphy, Mark Crocombe).<\/p><p>Tato etika chr\u00e1n\u00ed nejen n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou podstatu, ale i kvalitu v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Zabra\u0148uje zkreslen\u00edm, kter\u00e1 byla \u010dast\u00e1 ve star\u0161\u00ed koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed etnografii, a umo\u017e\u0148uje diferencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uchopen\u00ed tradice Wandjina.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u0159emalov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Wandjina a konzerv\u00e1torsk\u00e9 debaty<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-s16t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-s16t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed debata se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159emalov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed skaln\u00edch maleb Wandjina. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed konzerv\u00e1to\u0159i dlouho ch\u00e1pali p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch obraz\u016f jako \u201epo\u0161kozen\u00ed\u201c; z domorod\u00e9 perspektivy je v\u0161ak p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe.<\/p><p>V 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed se toto nap\u011bt\u00ed projevilo p\u0159\u00edkladn\u011b ve sporu o lokalitu Wandjina \u201eMunja\u201c: z\u00e1padn\u00ed restaur\u00e1torsk\u00e1 iniciativa byla tradi\u010dn\u00edmi vlastn\u00edky odm\u00edtnuta; m\u00edsto toho provedli tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed bylo pozd\u011bji uzn\u00e1no za metodicky ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p><p>Dnes se konzervace lokalit Wandjina \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edmi pravidly. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u011bdci spolupracuj\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi vlastn\u00edky; p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed je respektov\u00e1no jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe. Tato spolupr\u00e1ce je modelem pro obdobn\u00e9 situace po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a9ffe6e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2a9ffe6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2550abe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2550abe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Skaln\u00ed malby Kimberley a pr\u00e1vo na p\u0159emalov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp241f3b16 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp241f3b16\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e512e9d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e512e9d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wandjinov\u00e9 nejsou jen postavami vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obrazov\u00fdm komplexem na skaln\u00edch st\u011bn\u00e1ch oblasti Kimberley na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b Austr\u00e1lie.<\/p><p>Malby typicky zobrazuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 obli\u010deje s do\u0161iroka otev\u0159en\u00fdma o\u010dima, nosem, ale bez zobrazen\u00fdch \u00fasta, obklopen\u00e9 paprskovitou pokr\u00fdvkou hlavy, kterou badatel\u00e9 nej\u010dast\u011bji spojuj\u00ed s mraky a bleskem.<\/p><p>Tyto obrazy se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve skaln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161c\u00edch a jeskyn\u00edch na \u00fazem\u00edch kmen\u016f Worrorra, Ngarinyin a Wunambal, kte\u0159\u00ed se dnes \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sdru\u017euj\u00ed jako spole\u010denstv\u00ed Wandjina-Wunggurr.<\/p><p>Pro pochopen\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd, v r\u00e1mci komunity pravideln\u011b opakovan\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span> je ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed maleb. Na rozd\u00edl od evropsk\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o nem\u011bnn\u00e9m um\u011bleck\u00e9m d\u00edle zn\u00e1 tradice Kimberley p\u0159emalov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a obnovu obraz\u016f Wandjina jako n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou povinnost.<\/p><p>Opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 osoby, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed ve spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m vztahu k dan\u00e9mu m\u00edstu a jeho Wandjinovi, obnovuj\u00ed barvy, aby obraz a s n\u00edm i \u00fa\u010dinek Wandjiny z\u016fstal \u017eiv\u00fd. Vybledl\u00fd, neudr\u017eovan\u00fd obraz platil za znak naru\u0161en\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Ot\u00e1zka, kdo je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn p\u0159emalovat, je p\u0159itom striktn\u011b regulov\u00e1na a v\u00e1z\u00e1na na p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed, vazbu k m\u00edstu a p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd, v r\u00e1mci komunity pravideln\u011b opakovan\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">zvyk<\/span> vedl ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed k z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm konflikt\u016fm. V 80. letech byly v r\u00e1mci program\u016f zam\u011bstnanosti skaln\u00ed malby obnovov\u00e1ny osobami, kter\u00e9 podle n\u00e1zoru tradi\u010dn\u00edch vlastn\u00edk\u016f k tomu nebyly opr\u00e1vn\u011bny.<\/p><p>Z toho vze\u0161l\u00e1 debata, kter\u00e1 se v Austr\u00e1lii proslavila pod heslem p\u0159emalov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Wandjiny (Wandjina-Repainting), jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee ochrana pam\u00e1tek, cestovn\u00ed ruch a domorod\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe se snadno dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do rozporu. Uk\u00e1zala tak\u00e9, \u017ee obrazy nejsou archeologick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem, se kter\u00fdm lze voln\u011b nakl\u00e1dat, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eiv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe s jasn\u011b stanoven\u00fdmi pravomocemi.<\/p><p>Pro seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed z toho plyne, \u017ee skaln\u00ed malby Wandjina nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt poj\u00edm\u00e1ny jako pouh\u00e9 prehistorick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed. Jejich datov\u00e1n\u00ed je sporn\u00e9, mnoho viditeln\u00fdch vrstev je d\u00edky opakovan\u00e9mu obnovov\u00e1n\u00ed mlad\u00fdch, ani\u017e by t\u00edm byl zpochybn\u011bn vysok\u00fd v\u011bk samotn\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>Kdo p\u00ed\u0161e o Wandjinovi, m\u011bl by v\u00fdslovn\u011b zm\u00ednit trvaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vo tradi\u010dn\u00edch vlastn\u00edk\u016f na obraz, m\u00edsto a p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Ian Crawford: <em>The Art of the Wandjina<\/em> (Oxford 1968)<\/li><li>Andreas Lommel: <em>Die Unambal<\/em> (1952)<\/li><li>Helmut Petri: <em>Sterbende Welt in Nordwest-Australien<\/em> (1954)<\/li><li>Tony Swain: <em>A Place for Strangers<\/em> (Cambridge 1993)<\/li><li>Anthony Redmond: <em>Places that Move<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Kim Akerman: <em>Aboriginal artifacts<\/em> (2015)<\/li><li>Mark Crocombe: <em>Rock Art of the Kimberley<\/em> (2017)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-wandjina e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-wandjina\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-wandjina-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-wandjina-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Wandjinov\u00e9 jsou <em>mra\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti<\/em> kmen\u016f Worora, Ngarinyin a Wunambal v oblasti Kimberley v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii; jejich skaln\u00ed podobizny bez \u00fasta souvisej\u00ed s de\u0161t\u011bm, monzunem a obnovou \u017eivotn\u00edch z\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy: Wandjina Kimberley Worora Ngarinyin Wunambal skaln\u00ed malby Mowanjum.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-wandjina\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/aboriginal-australie-dreamtime-tjukurpa\/\">domorod\u00fdch Australan\u016f (Aboriginal)<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-wandjina-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-wandjina-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2872,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Wandjina Kimberley Aboriginci","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Wandjina \u2013 aboriginsk\u00e9 bytosti de\u0161t\u011b, m\u00fdtus a prameny","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Wandjina jsou mocn\u00e9 bytosti mrak\u016f a de\u0161t\u011b kimberleysk\u00fdch Aboriginc\u016f v severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Austr\u00e1lii. 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