{"id":145514,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:07","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145514"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:58:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:58:05","slug":"buga-nejvyssi-buh-evenku-tunguzu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/buga-nejvyssi-buh-evenku-tunguzu\/","title":{"rendered":"Buga \u2013 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh Evenk\u016f (Tunguz\u016f)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145514\" class=\"elementor elementor-145514 elementor-2642 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh a p\u00e1n vesm\u00edru Evenk\u016f-Tunguz\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga je v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Evenk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch tunguzsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem, nebem, vesm\u00edrem a sv\u011btem. Je kosmick\u00fdm celkem, v n\u011bm\u017e maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto \u0161amansk\u00e9 cesty, \u0159\u00e1d lovu i kolob\u011bh \u017eivota. V m\u00fdtu Evenk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch tunguzsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f spojuje Buga nebe, vesm\u00edr a sv\u011bt v jedn\u00e9 podob\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Stvo\u0159itel tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ Tengrismus.\">Stvo\u0159itel<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ Tengrismus.\">Sibi\u0159 \/ Tengrismus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo.\">Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-bugatungus-toc\" 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975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147321\" alt=\"Buga Tungus \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z tradice sibi\u0159sk\u00e9ho tengrismu, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_buga-tungus.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-buga-tungus elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-buga-tungus\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Buga je v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span> <strong>tunguzsko-evenkick\u00fdch<\/strong> n\u00e1rod\u016f pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho boha horn\u00edho sv\u011bta a tv\u016frce kosmick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du. Buga-<strong><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span><\/strong> a prameny jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dob\u0159e dokumentov\u00e1ny v evenkick\u00fdch p\u00edsn\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenkov\u00e9 (d\u0159\u00edve naz\u00fdvan\u00ed Tunguzov\u00e9) \u017eij\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Sibi\u0159i mezi Jeniseem a Pacifikem.<\/p><p>V jejich n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je Buga (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dialektech <em>Boga<\/em>, <em>Buya<\/em>, <em>Buwa<\/em>) pojem, kter\u00fd z\u00e1rove\u0148 znamen\u00e1 \u201enebe\u201c, \u201esv\u011bt\u201c, \u201evesm\u00edr\u201c a \u201enejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh\u201c, pozoruhodn\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podrobn\u011b rozeb\u00edr\u00e1 \u00edr\u00e1nistick\u00fd historik n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Sergei Shirokogoroff ve sv\u00e9m klasick\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935).<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e9 tradice<\/a> p\u0159edstavuje Buga velmi starou, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b altajsko-paleosibi\u0159skou vrstvu; n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9 (Anisimov) v n\u00ed vid\u00ed v\u016fbec nejp\u016fvodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu. Evenkov\u00e9 mluv\u00ed tunguzsko-mand\u017eusk\u00fdm jazykem a stoj\u00ed tak jazykov\u011b mimo turkicko-mongolsk\u00fd sv\u011bt Tengri, co\u017e je zaj\u00edmav\u00fd hrani\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p><p>Buga je religionisticky obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hodnotn\u00fd, proto\u017ee Sergei Shirokogoroff provedl v des\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b podrobn\u00fd ter\u00e9nn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum mezi Evenky u Amuru; jeho d\u00edlo je miln\u00edkem v\u00fdzkumu \u0161amanismu a poskytuje jeden z nejlep\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov\u00fdch korpus\u016f pro n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u016fbec u n\u011bkter\u00e9ho sibi\u0159sk\u00e9ho domorod\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Slovo <em>buga<\/em> je tunguzsk\u00e9 a jeho etymologii nelze jednozna\u010dn\u011b objasnit. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 tvary se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v mand\u017eu\u0161tin\u011b (<em>bo\u03b3o<\/em>, \u201esv\u011bt\u201c) a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch dialektech even\u0161tiny.<\/p><p>Religionisticky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm poznatkem je toto\u017enost slova a v\u011bci: Buga nen\u00ed bytost, kter\u00e1 \u017eije na nebi, ale Buga <em>je<\/em> nebem a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sv\u011btem.<\/p><p>Toto s\u00e9mantick\u00e9 zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskofenomenologick\u00e9ho hlediska zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee p\u0159edstavuje stupe\u0148 p\u0159ed odd\u011blen\u00edm numin\u00f3zn\u00edho a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho, p\u0159edstupe\u0148 toho, co se pozd\u011bji konceptualizuje jako \u201enejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh\u201c. Shirokogoroff v t\u00e9to souvislosti rozvinul celou teorii \u201epsychoment\u00e1ln\u00edho splynut\u00ed\u201c.<\/p><p>V mand\u017eusk\u00e9 tradici, jazykov\u011b p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 evenki\u010dtin\u011b, se <em>bo\u03b3o<\/em> pozd\u011bji objevuje jako specializovan\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed pro \u201esv\u011bt\u201c, ani\u017e by si zachovalo nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017eskou konotaci. Tato specializace n\u00e1sleduje po buddhizaci Mand\u017eu\u016f v dynastii \u010cching.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Podobn\u011b jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a> nem\u00e1 ani Buga vlastn\u00ed obrazovou podobu. \u0160amansk\u00e9 bubny Evenk\u016f v\u0161ak zobrazuj\u00ed t\u0159i \u00farovn\u011b sv\u011bta (horn\u00ed, st\u0159edn\u00ed, doln\u00ed) a strom sv\u011bta, kter\u00fd jimi pror\u016fst\u00e1; na horn\u00ed \u00farovni stoj\u00ed Buga n\u011bkdy jako symbolick\u00e9 slunce s paprskov\u00fdm kruhem.<\/p><p>Evenkick\u00e9 \u0161amansk\u00e9 kost\u00fdmy ze sb\u00edrek Rusk\u00e9ho muzea etnografie (Petrohrad) a Muzea antropologie a etnografie (MAE) ukazuj\u00ed velmi propracovan\u00e9 \u017eelezn\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bsky, jejich\u017e n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam zdokumentoval Shirokogoroff ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1kladn\u00edm d\u00edle. S\u00e1m Buga nen\u00ed na kost\u00fdmech p\u0159\u00edmo zobrazen, je v\u0161ak reprezentov\u00e1n horn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> slune\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de.<\/p><p>P\u0159edstava stromu sv\u011bta u Evenk\u016f je typologicky srovnateln\u00e1 s v\u00e9dskou p\u0159edstavou <em>a\u015bvattha<\/em> a severogerm\u00e1nsk\u00fdm Yggdrasilem, co\u017e Eliade vylo\u017eil jako doklad univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti \u201eAxis Mundi\u201c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Anisimov (1958) zdokumentoval evenkick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o stvo\u0159en\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e Buga pros\u00ed kachnu, aby vynesla bahno z prvotn\u00edho mo\u0159e a stvo\u0159ila z n\u011bj zemi, klasick\u00fd sibi\u0159sk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span> pot\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00fd nach\u00e1z\u00edme i u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgena<\/a>.<\/p><p>V evenkick\u00fdch variant\u00e1ch se jako soupe\u0159 nebo bratr \u010dasto objevuje \u0161kodliv\u00e9 bo\u017estvo (<em>Khargi<\/em>), kter\u00e9 zapad\u00e1 do funkce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145508\">Erlik Ch\u00e1na<\/a>.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, jak Buga vys\u00edl\u00e1 prvn\u00ed \u0161amany: \u201erozpolt\u00ed\u201c \u010dlov\u011bka a do jedn\u00e9 poloviny vlo\u017e\u00ed schopnost vid\u011bt do druh\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o rozpolcen\u00ed je n\u00e1bo\u017eenskoantropologicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> pro inicia\u010dn\u00ed praxi evenkick\u00fdch \u0161aman\u016f.<\/p><p>T\u0159et\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje, jak Buga vzty\u010duje strom sv\u011bta: obrovsk\u00fd kmen mod\u0159\u00ednu, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny sahaj\u00ed do podsv\u011bt\u00ed duch\u016f Khargi a jeho\u017e korunu nese slune\u010dn\u00ed kolo. Na tomto strom\u011b vystupuje <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd specialista, jemu\u017e se p\u0159isuzuje zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi lidmi a sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161aman<\/span> do horn\u00edho sv\u011bta, \u010dasto s pomoc\u00ed symbolu kon\u011b a bubnu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenkov\u00e9 neznaj\u00ed chr\u00e1mov\u00fd kult, ale trvalou praxi vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed: p\u0159ed lovem, p\u0159ed dlouhou cestou, u ohn\u011b se vol\u00e1 Buga a do ohn\u011b se p\u0159itom vhazuje trocha tab\u00e1ku nebo tuku. \u0160amani ve sv\u00fdch zp\u011bvech udr\u017euj\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi Bugou a t\u0159emi \u00farovn\u011bmi sv\u011bta, co\u017e Eliade popsal jako vzorov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad klasick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>.<\/p><p>Ewensk\u00e9 \u0161amansk\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed se tradi\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1valo \u00fastn\u011b, \u010dasto v linii z matky na dceru nebo z otce na syna. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 represe ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed tyto linie v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159eru\u0161ily. G. M. Vasilevi\u010dov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969) je\u0161t\u011b dokumentovala n\u011bkter\u00e9 z posledn\u00edch praktikuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p><p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 praxi za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 komplex Buga renesanci v Evenkijsk\u00e9 autonomn\u00ed oblasti a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch obc\u00edch Republiky Sacha. Mlad\u00ed praktikuj\u00edc\u00ed se op\u00edraj\u00ed o z\u00e1pisky \u0160irokogorova, co\u017e je pozoruhodn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, kdy se z\u00e1padn\u00ed akademick\u00e1 etnografie st\u00e1v\u00e1 zdrojem pro znovuobjeven\u00ed domorod\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u011bdecky pops\u00e1no: apotropaick\u00e9 praktiky se vztahovaly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k \u0161kodliv\u00fdm duch\u016fm <em>Chargi<\/em> (\u010dasto ozna\u010dovan\u00fdm jako \u0161koda \u201eBuga-Tungus\u201c, proto\u017ee jsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1ni jako stinn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka Bugy): p\u00e1len\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch bylin u ohn\u011b, no\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch kost\u011bn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsk\u016f, umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00fdch \u201estr\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch figurek\u201c (<em>seven<\/em>) na k\u0159i\u017eovatky cest.<\/p><p>Figurky <em>seven<\/em> jsou jedn\u00edm z nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prvk\u016f evenkijsk\u00e9 materi\u00e1ln\u00ed kultury. \u010casto jde o mal\u00e9 vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 loutky s vsazen\u00fdma o\u010dima, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ivazuj\u00ed ke sloup\u016fm, strom\u016fm nebo prah\u016fm. Byly pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za \u201es\u00eddlo\u201c men\u0161\u00edch pomocn\u00fdch duch\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jednali na p\u0159\u00edkaz \u0161amana.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed praktikou je <em>chura<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: p\u0159ed vstupem na nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 m\u00edsto se hod\u00ed do sn\u011bhu nebo na zem hrst tab\u00e1ku nebo mal\u00e1 mince, s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span> \u201eBugo, zmen\u0161i m\u011b\u201c. Tato forma zdvo\u0159ilosti v\u016f\u010di vesm\u00edru je klasick\u00fdm animistick\u00fdm sch\u00e9matem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159edstava Bugy je p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 starosibi\u0159sk\u00e9mu <em>Numu<\/em> Samojed\u016f a typologicky srovnateln\u00e1 s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm <em>Tchien<\/em>, v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se nebe a vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo sl\u00e9vaj\u00ed do jedin\u00e9ho pojmu. Funk\u010dn\u00ed paralely existuj\u00ed k polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdm pojm\u016fm <em>mana<\/em>\/<em>atua<\/em>, ani\u017e by \u0161lo o genetickou souvislost.<\/p><p>Specifick\u00fdm rysem Evenk\u016f je splynut\u00ed \u201evesm\u00edru\u201c a \u201evrchn\u00edho boha\u201c v jedin\u00e9m slov\u011b, co\u017e jde je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l ne\u017e polys\u00e9mantick\u00fd slovn\u00edk Tengri. N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-fenomenologicky je Buga tedy extr\u00e9mn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpadem splynut\u00ed numinozity a konkr\u00e9tnosti.<\/p><p>V jihosibi\u0159sk\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed je Buga nejbl\u00ed\u017ee <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a>, m\u00e9n\u011b pak <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgenovi<\/a>, kter\u00fd u\u017e z\u00edskal osobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podobu. Tento rozd\u00edl umo\u017e\u0148uje hypot\u00e9zu vrstevnat\u00e9 chronologie: Buga mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edstavuje star\u0161\u00ed vrstvu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Klasick\u00e1 d\u00edla: Sergej \u0160irokogorov: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935); A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958); Mircea Eliade u\u010dinil tunguzsk\u00e9ho \u0161amana prototypem sv\u00e9ho modelu \u201eklasick\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>\u201c. Roberte Hamayonov\u00e1 a Andrej Znamenskij tento model pozd\u011bji kriticky revidovali a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ohledu na m\u00edstn\u00ed evenkijsk\u00e9 kategorie.<\/p><p>G. M. Vasilevi\u010dov\u00e1, sov\u011btsk\u00e1 badatelka, p\u0159edlo\u017eila ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningrad 1969) nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed sov\u011btskou monografii o evenkijsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. P\u0159es svou ideologickou zabarvenost z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nepostradateln\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm korpusem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 debaty a otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Diskusi o Buze utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed t\u0159i badatelsk\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Za prv\u00e9: P\u0159edstavuje Buga p\u0159edtengristickou vrstvu, v n\u00ed\u017e \u201evesm\u00edr\u201c a \u201evrchn\u00ed b\u016fh\u201c je\u0161t\u011b nebyly odd\u011bleny? Anisimov a \u0160irokogorov se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed k tomuto v\u00fdkladu, pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 (Hamayonov\u00e1) preferuj\u00ed relativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled na model.<\/p><p>Za druh\u00e9: Jak se evenkijsk\u00e1 praxe vztahuje k hypot\u00e9ze den\u00e9-jenisejsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 vztahy Evenk\u016f se severoamerick\u00fdmi Athabasky? Pokud by tato hypot\u00e9za platila, musela by n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Bugy vykazovat cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed rozv\u011btven\u00ed.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed: Jakou budoucnost m\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00ed renesance Bugy v Evenkijsk\u00e9 oblasti vzhledem k masivn\u00edmu tlaku t\u011b\u017eby a ropn\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu? I zde se d\u011bjiny n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed spojuj\u00ed s ekologickou a politickou aktu\u00e1lnost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 role \u0160irokogorova<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed role Sergeje \u0160irokogorova ve v\u00fdzkumu Bugy. \u0160irokogorov (1887, 1939) byl rusk\u00fd etnograf, kter\u00fd po \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9 revoluci ode\u0161el do exilu a od roku 1922 vyu\u010doval v \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/p><p>Jeho hlavn\u00ed d\u00edlo <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (\u0160anghaj 1935) je jednou z prvn\u00edch knih, kter\u00e1 systematicky rekonstruuje nez\u00e1padn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m z vnit\u0159n\u00ed perspektivy jeho praktikuj\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p><p>\u0160irokogorov razil pojem \u201e<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismus<\/span>\u201c jako v\u011bdeck\u00fd term\u00edn na z\u00e1klad\u011b tunguzsk\u00e9ho slova <em>\u0161aman<\/em>. Toto pojmov\u00e9 utvo\u0159en\u00ed m\u011blo dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fsledky: ud\u011blalo z lok\u00e1ln\u00edho tunguzsk\u00e9ho pojmu univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed kategorii. Andrej Znamenskij ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007) tuto univerzalizaci kritisky zmapoval.<\/p><p>Dne\u0161n\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed o Buze m\u00e1 k \u0160irokogorovovi ambivalentn\u00ed vztah: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je jeho materi\u00e1l nepostradateln\u00fd, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se v jeho konceptu \u201epsychoment\u00e1ln\u00edho splynut\u00ed\u201c skr\u00fdv\u00e1 esencialistick\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 etnologie kriticky zpochyb\u0148uje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a vztah ke kulturn\u00edmu hubu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kdo chce studovat komplex Buga v cel\u00e9 jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159i, najde na p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">Sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e1 tradice<\/a> nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odkazy na p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy, jako je <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a> (tureck\u00e1 paralela) a jakutsk\u00e9 sv\u011bteln\u00e9 bytosti <em>aiyy<\/em>.<\/p><p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prim\u00e1rn\u00edm pramenem je d\u00edlo Sergeje \u0160irokogorova <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935). Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sov\u011btskou synt\u00e9zu p\u0159edstavuje A. F. Anisimov v d\u00edle <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (Moskva 1958). G. M. Vasilevi\u010dov\u00e1 v d\u00edle <em>Ewenki<\/em> (Leningrad 1969) dopl\u0148uje obraz rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem.<\/p><p>Pro zasazen\u00ed do cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00edho kontextu je t\u0159eba odk\u00e1zat na d\u00edlo Roberte Hamayonov\u00e9 <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990) a na d\u00edlo Andreje Znamensk\u00e9ho <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (Oxford 2007). Tato dv\u011b d\u00edla p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed korekce klasick\u00e9ho Eliadova modelu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a \u0161amansk\u00e1 iniciace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed studii si zaslou\u017e\u00ed role Bugy v evenkijsk\u00e9 \u0161amansk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijat do nov\u00e9ho stavu nebo spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciaci<\/span>. \u0160irokogorov ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935) podrobn\u011b popsal n\u011bkolik iniciac\u00ed: budouc\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd specialista, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi lidmi a sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161aman<\/span> proch\u00e1z\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u201e\u0161amansk\u00e9 nemoci\u201c, kter\u00e1 je interpretov\u00e1na jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijat do nov\u00e9ho stavu nebo spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciace<\/span>, klasick\u00fd model, kter\u00fd Eliade zobecnil jako \u201einicia\u010dn\u00ed smrt a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed\u201c.<\/p><p>Buga v t\u00e9to <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijat do nov\u00e9ho stavu nebo spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciaci<\/span> vystupuje jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zadavatel: pos\u00edl\u00e1 inicia\u010dn\u00ed nemoc, \u201erozd\u011bluje\u201c zasv\u011bcovan\u00e9ho a u\u010d\u00ed ho cest\u011b t\u0159emi rovinami sv\u011bta. Tato funkce je n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-antropologick\u00fdm modelem, na kter\u00e9m byl vystav\u011bn cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum iniciace.<\/p><p>Roberte Hamayonov\u00e1 tento model kriticky revidovala v d\u00edle <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990): evenkijskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, jeho\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm je n\u011bkdo p\u0159ijat do nov\u00e9ho stavu nebo spole\u010denstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">iniciaci<\/span> ch\u00e1pe m\u00e9n\u011b jako \u201emystickou zku\u0161enost\u201c a v\u00edce jako soci\u00e1ln\u011b-ekonomickou vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed praxi. Oba v\u00fdklady maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 opodstatn\u011bn\u00ed a dopl\u0148uj\u00ed se.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu Bugy vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik metodick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Za prv\u00e9: \u0160irokogorovova pr\u016fkopnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce je metodicky obdivuhodn\u00e1, ale je formov\u00e1na jeho statusem exulanta a jeho teoretick\u00fdmi v\u00fdchodisky. Andrei Znamenski tato v\u00fdchodiska kriticky zmapoval.<\/p><p>Za druh\u00e9: sov\u011btsk\u00e9 represe 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed siln\u011b po\u0161kodily evenkijskou \u0161amanskou tradici; to, co dnes pozorujeme, je rekonstrukce zalo\u017een\u00e1 na etnografick\u00fdch textech. Tuto rekonstrukci je t\u0159eba n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-sociologicky zkoumat samostatn\u011b.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed: evenkijsk\u00fd jazyk je dnes ohro\u017een; s n\u00edm miz\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k slovn\u00edku a p\u0159edstav\u00e1m spojen\u00fdm s Bugou. Politika jazykov\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ochrany se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sestersk\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a jazykov\u00e1 ochrana Evenk\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenkijsk\u00fd jazyk je podle klasifikace UNESCO ozna\u010den jako \u201eohro\u017een\u00fd\u201c; m\u00e1 dnes u\u017e jen n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc aktivn\u00edch mluv\u010d\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na v Rusk\u00e9 federaci a v severn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b. S jazykem miz\u00ed i p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke slovn\u00edku Bugy a k jemn\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm evenkijsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>N\u011bkolik iniciativ se sna\u017e\u00ed tuto ztr\u00e1tu zastavit. Rusk\u00e1 akademie v\u011bd (Institut jazykov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu) a Univerzita v Ulan-Ude provozuj\u00ed dokumenta\u010dn\u00ed programy; v \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republice existuje podobn\u00fd pokus pro mand\u017eusko-tunguzskou jazykovou rodinu.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky je to relevantn\u00ed, proto\u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a jazyk jsou \u00fazce propojeny. Ztr\u00e1ta evenkijsk\u00e9ho slova <em>buga<\/em> by znamenala tak\u00e9 ztr\u00e1tu specifick\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho pojmu. Ochrana jazyka a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sestersk\u00fdmi projekty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed tradice nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho boha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed perspektiva ukazuje Bugu jako \u010dlena \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodiny \u201evesm\u00edrn\u00fdch nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev\u201c, kter\u00e1 se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 od Skandin\u00e1vie (s\u00e1msk\u00fd Radien) p\u0159es Sibi\u0159 (samojedsk\u00fd Num, evenkijsk\u00fd Buga) a\u017e po Severn\u00ed Ameriku (algonkinsk\u00fd Manitou, inuitsk\u00e1 Sila). Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech se nebe, vesm\u00edr a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo sl\u00e9vaj\u00ed do jedin\u00e9ho pojmu.<\/p><p>Toto cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed rozv\u011btven\u00ed je p\u0159edm\u011btem intenzivn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Juha Pentik\u00e4inen podal systematick\u00fd p\u0159ehled v d\u00edle <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998); Mih\u00e1ly Hopp\u00e1l roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il ma\u010farsk\u00e9 a sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed v d\u00edle <em>Shamans and Traditions<\/em> (2007).<\/p><p>Zda se jedn\u00e1 o genetickou p\u0159\u00edbuznost (paleosibi\u0159sk\u00e9 substr\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily v\u0161emi sm\u011bry) nebo o typologickou konvergenci (stejn\u00e9 funkce za stejn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek), z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00e9. Buga je jedn\u00edm z nejbohat\u011bji dokumentovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga a evenkijsk\u00e1 tundrov\u00e1 ekonomika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-s15t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-s15t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evenkijsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je \u00fazce propojeno s tundrovou ekonomikou sob\u016f. Buga je zde z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm bohem a \u201evlastn\u00edkem\u201c sob\u016f, bez jeho svolen\u00ed nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt uloven \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd sob. Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> Bugy p\u0159ed lovem tedy nen\u00ed pouze <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u017dit\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enost\u00ed<\/span>, ale ekonomickou prax\u00ed.<\/p><p>A. F. Anisimov popsal toto propleten\u00ed podrobn\u011b v d\u00edle <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958). Stoj\u00ed v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-antropologick\u00e9 tradici, kter\u00e1 ch\u00e1pe n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a ekonomiku nikoli jako odd\u011blen\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, ale jako integrovan\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed proces.<\/p><p>V dne\u0161n\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 federaci je evenkijsk\u00e1 tundrov\u00e1 ekonomika masivn\u011b ohro\u017eena t\u011b\u017ebou nerost\u016f, ropou a klimatick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami. S n\u00ed je ohro\u017een i komplex Bugy, v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pole religi\u00f3zn\u00ed ekologie prvn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2fe9c4aa e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2fe9c4aa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2067a37d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2067a37d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Buga mezi nebem, sv\u011btem a nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2dfd4645 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2dfd4645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ebe964b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ebe964b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pojem <em>Buga<\/em> pat\u0159\u00ed k tunguzsk\u00fdm jazyk\u016fm, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k evenck\u00e9mu, a nelze jej jednozna\u010dn\u011b vymezit jedin\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem. Etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed toto slovo jednou jako nebe, jindy jako sv\u011bt nebo krajinu, jindy zase jako ozna\u010den\u00ed pro nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost spojenou s nebem.<\/p><p>Tato \u0161\u00ed\u0159e v\u00fdznamu nen\u00ed chybou p\u0159ekladu, ale odkazuje k p\u0159edstav\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e o\u017eiven\u00fd sv\u011bt, jeho prostor a v n\u011bm p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc nebyly striktn\u011b odd\u011bleny.<\/p><p>Prameny k <em>Bugovi<\/em> jsou skromn\u00e9 a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed. Ru\u0161t\u00ed badatel\u00e9 a \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci, pozd\u011bji sov\u011bt\u0161t\u00ed etnografov\u00e9 jako Sergej \u0160irokogorov, jen\u017e sepsal z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o tunguzsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rodech a o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed s duchovn\u00edm sv\u011btem.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span>, zaznamenali zlomky n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav.<\/p><p>\u0160irokogorov s\u00e1m ov\u0161em zd\u016fraz\u0148oval, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto p\u0159edstav byly u\u017e ovlivn\u011bny stykem s ruskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Za pravov\u011brnou uznan\u00e1 u\u010den\u00e1 nauka.\" tabindex=\"0\">ortodoxi\u00ed<\/span> a se sousedn\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edmi. \u010cistou, nedot\u010denou tunguzskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a o v\u00ed\u0159e n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> z pramen\u016f vyt\u011b\u017eit nelze.<\/p><p>K tomu p\u0159istupuje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Evenkov\u00e9 \u017eili roztrou\u0161en\u011b na obrovsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed od st\u0159edn\u00ed Sibi\u0159e a\u017e k Pacifiku a byli organizov\u00e1ni v mal\u00fdch, pohybliv\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch. M\u00edstn\u00ed varianty p\u0159edstav byly proto zna\u010dn\u00e9 a neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 instituce, kter\u00e1 by stanovila jednotnou nauku.<\/p><p>Co se pod pojmem <em>Buga<\/em> rozum\u011blo, se mohlo li\u0161it skupina od skupiny. Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce proto ozna\u010duj\u00ed <em>Bugu<\/em> za t\u011b\u017eko uchopiteln\u00fd pojem, kter\u00fd podle kontextu m\u016f\u017ee znamenat sp\u00ed\u0161e odu\u0161evn\u011bl\u00fd vesm\u00edrn\u00fd prostor, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost, ani\u017e by \u0161lo oba aspekty od sebe \u010dist\u011b odd\u011blit.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sergei Shirokogoroff: <em>Psychomental Complex of the Tungus<\/em> (1935)<\/li><li>A. F. Anisimov: <em>Religia ewenkov<\/em> (1958)<\/li><li>Mircea Eliade: <em>Le chamanisme<\/em> (1951)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>G. M. Vasilevich: <em>Ewenki<\/em> (1969)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-bugatungus-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U Evenk\u016f-Tunguz\u016f je Buga uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1n vesm\u00edru, jen\u017e zahrnuje nebe, zemi a podsv\u011bt\u00ed a v \u0161amansk\u00fdch zp\u011bvech je vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako neviditeln\u00e9, v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 pozad\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho \u017eiv\u00e9ho.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Buga Evenkov\u00e9 Tunguzov\u00e9 \u0160irokogorov Chargi seven Strom sv\u011bta.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-buga-tungus\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">Sibi\u0159e \/ tengrismu<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget 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.jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-bugatungus-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-bugatungus-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2862,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Buga nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh Evenk\u016f Tunguz\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Buga \u2013 tunguzsko-evenkick\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh, m\u00fdtus a prameny","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Buga je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh tunguzsk\u00fdch Evenk\u016f, ztoto\u017e\u0148ovan\u00fd s nebem a vesm\u00edrem. Za\u0159azen\u00ed s m\u00fdtem a prameny.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"1","wesen_kultur":"sibirisch-tengrismus","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145514","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Buga \u2013 tunguzsko-evenkick\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh, m\u00fdtus a prameny<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Buga je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh tunguzsk\u00fdch Evenk\u016f, ztoto\u017e\u0148ovan\u00fd s nebem a vesm\u00edrem. 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