{"id":145510,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145510"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:59","slug":"yer-sub-duch-zeme-vody-turku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yer-sub-duch-zeme-vody-turku\/","title":{"rendered":"Yer-Sub \u2013 duch zem\u011b a vody Turk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145510\" class=\"elementor elementor-145510 elementor-2638 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub, starotureck\u00e1 moc zem\u011b a vody svat\u00e9 p\u016fdy<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub (staroturecky <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, \u201ezem\u011b-voda\u201c) je souhrnn\u00e1 numin\u00f3zn\u00ed moc svat\u00e9 p\u016fdy a svat\u00fdch vod v starotureck\u00e9m a sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu. Dopl\u0148uje Tengriho naho\u0159e a Umai uprost\u0159ed do kosmologick\u00e9 trojice. Tureck\u00e9 a sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e9 prameny popisuj\u00ed Yer-Sub jako moc zem\u011b a vody svat\u00e9 p\u016fdy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed duch tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus.\">P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed duch<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus.\">Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Moc zem\u011b a vody.\">Moc zem\u011b a vody<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-yersub-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147327\" alt=\"Yer Sub \u2013 duchov\u00e9 z sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/geister_sibirisch-tengrismus_yer-sub.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-yer-sub elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-yer-sub\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub, <strong>moc zem\u011b a vody<\/strong>, zt\u011bles\u0148uje ve starotureck\u00e9m pod\u00e1n\u00ed svatou p\u016fdu a proud\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivel z\u00e1rove\u0148.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na rozd\u00edl od osobn\u00edch boh\u016f <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengriho<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145507\">Umai<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgena<\/a> nen\u00ed Yer-Sub jedinou postavou, n\u00fdbr\u017e kolektivn\u00ed, na m\u00edsto v\u00e1zanou moc\u00ed.<\/p><p>V orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech z 8. stolet\u00ed (K\u00fcl-Tigin, Bilge Kagan, Tonyukuk) se Yer-Sub pravideln\u011b objevuje v trojit\u00e9 formuli: \u201eTengri (nebe), Umai (matka) a Yer-Sub (zem\u011b-voda) n\u00e1m dali v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.\u201c Tato formule je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch doklad\u016f kosmologick\u00e9 struktury starotureck\u00e9ho tengrismu.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e9 tradice<\/a> p\u0159evzaly mlad\u0161\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 postavy, p\u00e1nov\u00e9 hor, duchov\u00e9 pramen\u016f, duchov\u00e9 \u0159ek konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed funkce, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159isuzov\u00e1ny kolektivn\u011b Yer-Sub. T\u00edm se Yer-Sub v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed rozvinul do mno\u017estv\u00ed jmenovan\u00fdch jednotliv\u00fdch duch\u016f, ani\u017e by jako koncept zanikl.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017eensky-fenomenologicky je Yer-Sub uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u201elok\u00e1ln\u00ed numinozity\u201c: na rozd\u00edl od univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch vrchn\u00edch bo\u017estev je tato moc v\u00e1zan\u00e1 na prostor a soust\u0159e\u010fuje se na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch m\u00edstech, horsk\u00fdch pr\u016fsmyc\u00edch, pramenech, \u00fast\u00edch \u0159ek, skal\u00e1ch. T\u00edm stoj\u00ed v jedn\u00e9 linii s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi <em>genii loci<\/em> a japonsk\u00fdmi <em>jinu\u0161igami<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no je klasick\u00e9 starotureckou dvandva-kompozitou: <em>yer<\/em> (\u201ezem\u011b, kraj, m\u00edsto\u201c) a <em>sub<\/em> (\u201evoda, pramen, \u0159eka\u201c). Podobn\u00e1 spojen\u00ed jsou dolo\u017eena v mnoha indoevropsk\u00fdch a altajsk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch; vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed, \u017ee zem\u011b a voda tu nejsou ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako dv\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 v\u011bci, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako neodd\u011bliteln\u00fd p\u00e1r z\u00e1klad\u016f \u017eivota.<\/p><p>V mongolsk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 tomuto konceptu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b <em>gazar usu<\/em> (\u201ezem\u011b-voda\u201c) resp. <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em> (\u201eMatka Zem\u011b\u201c). V samotn\u00e9 Sibi\u0159i znaj\u00ed Burjati <em>Lus<\/em> (duchy pramen\u016f) a Jakuti erdovou slu\u017eebnici <em>Aar Tojona<\/em>, <em>Aan Alakhchyn<\/em>.<\/p><p>Talat Tekin (1968) objasnil gramatick\u00fd status <em>yer sub<\/em> jako kompozita: nejde o dv\u011b po sob\u011b jmenovan\u00e1 bo\u017estva, n\u00fdbr\u017e o jedinou moc s dvou\u010dlenn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Toto jazykov\u00e9 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 religionistick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, nebo\u0165 implikuje integrovanou p\u0159edstavu moci zem\u011b a vody.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vlastn\u00ed ikonografii Yer-Sub nem\u00e1. Kde jsou m\u00edstn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00ed specializovan\u00ed duchov\u00e9 zpodob\u0148ov\u00e1ni, d\u011bje se to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hromad kamen\u016f (<em>obo<\/em>), popsan\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch k\u016fl\u016f (<em>serge<\/em>), l\u00e1tkov\u00fdch p\u00e1sek na mod\u0159\u00ednech (<em>kyira<\/em>) a mal\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch figurek u pramen\u016f. Yer-Sub jako celek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 neviditeln\u00fd; hmota sama je jeho t\u011blem.<\/p><p>Tato beztv\u00e1rnost je spole\u010dn\u00e1 Yer-Sub s vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengrim<\/a>, na rozd\u00edl od osobn\u011b-antropomorfn\u00edch <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgena<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145507\">Umai<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145508\">Erlik Khana<\/a>. N\u00e1bo\u017eensky-fenomenologicky vyzna\u010duje rozd\u00edl mezi kolektivn\u011b-numin\u00f3zn\u00edmi a individu\u00e1ln\u011b-personalizovan\u00fdmi mocemi v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>.<\/p><p>V modern\u00ed mongolsk\u00e9 praxi je Yer-Sub \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zt\u011bles\u0148ov\u00e1n kamenn\u00fdmi hromadami ovoo; p\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch slavnostech se kolem ovoo nap\u00ednaj\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 modr\u00e9 \u0161\u00e1tky <em>khadag<\/em>, jejich\u017e modr\u00e1 barva v\u011bdom\u011b odkazuje na <em>M\u00f6ngke K\u00f6ke Tengri<\/em>, zat\u00edmco kameny samotn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed Yer-Sub.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>K\u00f6ktursk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy neobsahuj\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Yer-Sub, n\u00fdbr\u017e vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed. A\u017e v etnografick\u00fdch z\u00e1pisech z 19. stolet\u00ed (Radloff, Anochin, Verbickij) se objevuj\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o jednotliv\u00fdch p\u00e1nech hor a \u0159ek, kter\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b vypl\u0148uj\u00ed spektrum Yer-Sub.<\/p><p>U Burjat\u016f je nap\u0159\u00edklad jezero Bajkal osloveno jako \u201eotec\u201c, okoln\u00ed hory jako \u201ebrat\u0159i\u201c, rodinn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9 rozpou\u0161t\u00ed moc Yer-Sub do metafor p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ur\u010dit\u00e9 altajsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed, jak vznikly hory, kdy\u017e se Yer-Sub vzbou\u0159il proti pokusu Erlika zabrat zemi pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu: hory jsou ztuhl\u00e9 vlny kosmick\u00e9ho st\u0159etu. Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed stoj\u00ed na pomez\u00ed mezi m\u00fdty o stvo\u0159en\u00ed a etiologick\u00fdmi m\u00fdty.<\/p><p>V jakutsk\u00fdch olonchosk\u00fdch eposech zt\u011bles\u0148uje bohyn\u011b zem\u011b <em>Aan Alakhchyn Chotun<\/em> jeden aspekt funkce Yer-Sub. P\u0159eb\u00fdv\u00e1 ve svat\u00e9m stromu ve st\u0159edu sv\u011bta a d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161em \u017eiv\u00fdm bytostem pod\u00edl sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed vody, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>, kter\u00fd epicky rozv\u00edj\u00ed integr\u00e1ln\u00ed koncept zem\u011b-vody.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kultovn\u00ed formou je <em>ovoo<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>: na horsk\u00e9m pr\u016fsmyku nebo u v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho pramene se navr\u0161\u00ed hromada kamen\u016f, ozdob\u00ed se stuhami l\u00e1tky a je uct\u011bna trojn\u00e1sobn\u00fdm obejit\u00edm po sm\u011bru hodinov\u00fdch ru\u010di\u010dek. Poutn\u00edci p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed k\u00e1men; pastevci vyl\u00e9vaj\u00ed na zem trochu ml\u00e9ka nebo kumysu.<\/p><p>Na st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni byl Yer-Sub sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ch\u00e1nsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsah: kdo ch\u00e1na podvede, \u201epo\u0161kozuje Yer-Sub\u201c a vypad\u00e1v\u00e1 z \u0159\u00e1du. Tato politick\u00e1 funkce je dokonce implicitn\u011b zachycena v byzantsk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b Theofylakta Simokatta (po\u010d\u00e1tek 7. stol.), kdy\u017e popisuje tureck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00ed praktiky.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edm Mongolsku za\u017eil ovoo-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> n\u00e1padnou renesanci; po roce 1990 vzniklo nebo bylo obnoveno tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch ovoo. Caroline Humphrey tuto renesanci podrobn\u011b zdokumentovala v d\u00edlech <em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em> a <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska: ochrann\u00e9 praktiky v komplexu Yer-Sub nesm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed ani tak k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u0161kody, jako k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distoty m\u00edsta.<\/p><p>Zak\u00e1z\u00e1no bylo nap\u0159\u00edklad plivat do pramene, l\u00e1mat posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 stromy nebo konat pot\u0159ebu na <em>obo<\/em>. Poru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto tabu se pokl\u00e1dalo za \u201epo\u0161kozen\u00ed Yer-Sub\u201c a v r\u00e1mci tradice mohlo b\u00fdt potrest\u00e1no ne\u00fasp\u011bchem p\u0159i lovu nebo nemoc\u00ed.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo od apotropaikon: p\u0159edm\u011bty a znaky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaika<\/span> v u\u017e\u0161\u00edm smyslu p\u0159edstavovalo no\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch kamen\u016f ze svat\u00e9 hory, vyr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch formul\u00ed do pramenn\u00fdch k\u016fl\u016f a zav\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed svazk\u016f ko\u0148sk\u00fdch \u017e\u00edn\u00ed na prahy. Tyto praktiky jsou v Mongolsku a Tuv\u011b \u017eiv\u00e9 a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd detail z jakutsk\u00e9 tradice: ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk opust\u00ed svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto, form\u00e1ln\u011b ho \u201epopros\u00ed\u201c o dovolen\u00ed, \u010dasto slovy \u201e<em>Bahyy bolokhtuun<\/em>\u201c (\u201ebu\u010f milostiv\u00e9, propus\u0165 m\u011b\u201c). Tato zdvo\u0159ilost v\u016f\u010di krajin\u011b je z hlediska fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem animistick\u00e9 etikety.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi <em>genii loci<\/em>; s germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi duchy m\u00edsta; s keltsk\u00fdmi obyvateli <em>s\u00eddh<\/em>; v Japonsku s <em>jinu\u0161igami<\/em> ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Japonska, spojen\u00e9 s uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kami.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161intoistick\u00e9<\/span> tradici; v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe s andsk\u00fdmi <em>apy<\/em> a <em>huacas<\/em>. Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech se jedn\u00e1 o m\u00edstn\u011b v\u00e1zanou, kolektivn\u00ed moc, kter\u00e1 je uct\u00edv\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tabu \u010distoty, nikoli osobn\u00edmi m\u00fdty.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 bl\u00edzk\u00e1 typologick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edbuznost je s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem m\u00edstn\u00edch bo\u017estev zem\u011b <em>tudi gong<\/em> a s tibetsk\u00fdmi \u201ep\u00e1ny zem\u011b\u201c <em>sa-bdag<\/em>. Zde se ukazuj\u00ed kulturn\u00ed mosty uvnit\u0159 vnit\u0159n\u00ed Asie, ani\u017e by byla jist\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 historick\u00e1 souvislost.<\/p><p>Z pohledu fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Yer-Sub zt\u011bles\u0148uje to, co Mircea Eliade v d\u00edle <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) ozna\u010dil jako \u201ehierofanii m\u00edsta\u201c: ur\u010dit\u00e1 m\u00edsta se sv\u00fdm ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm vyzna\u010den\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00ed sakr\u00e1ln\u00edm centrem, ani\u017e by tam musel s\u00eddlit osobn\u00ed b\u016fh.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m mongolsko-tuvinsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se Yer-Sub (jako <em>gazar usu<\/em>, resp. <em>\u010der-sug<\/em>) stal centr\u00e1ln\u00edm pojmem environment\u00e1ln\u00ed etiky. N\u011bkolik ekologicky orientovan\u00fdch nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na tradi\u010dn\u00ed komplex ovoo jako na argumenta\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klad. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 akademick\u00e9 zdroje: Caroline Humphrey (<em>The Marxist Anthropology of Mongolia<\/em>, 1983; <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em>, 2002), Roberte Hamayon, Sergej Neklyudov.<\/p><p>Samostatn\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd proud spojuje praxi Yer-Sub s dne\u0161n\u00edmi konflikty o t\u011b\u017ebu a vodn\u00ed pr\u00e1va v Mongolsku: domorod\u00e9 skupiny se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou nedotknutelnost m\u00edst Yer-Sub, aby zablokovaly velk\u00e9 projekty. Tento politick\u00fd rozm\u011br m\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 Caroline Humphrey podrobn\u011b rozeb\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p><p>V Tuv\u011b se od roku 1990 vytvo\u0159il svaz \u0161amansk\u00fdch praktikuj\u00edc\u00edch <em>D\u00fcng\u00fcr<\/em>, kter\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u011b kodifikuje ritu\u00e1ly Yer-Sub. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tato kodifikace zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edpadem \u201einventarizace\u201c p\u016fvodn\u011b nesourod\u00e9 praxe pomoc\u00ed modern\u00edch spolkov\u00fdch struktur.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 debaty a otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 debata se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky, zda je Yer-Sub <em>jedin\u00fdm<\/em> pojmem, nebo <em>souhrnn\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm<\/em>. Talat Tekin a Sergej Neklyudov se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u011bli k integrovan\u00e9mu v\u00fdkladu; nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad B. Kellner-Heinkele) m\u00e1 tendenci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat region\u00e1ln\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 personifikace.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e1 otev\u0159en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vztahu mezi Yer-Sub a buddhistickou p\u0159edstavou lok\u00e1ln\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bezt\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">ducha<\/span> v Mongolsku: kolik z dne\u0161n\u00ed praxe ovoo je p\u0159edbuddhistick\u00e9 a kolik je buddhisticky p\u0159eformulovan\u00e9? Walther Heissig zde navrhl vrstevnatou teorii, kterou nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum kriticky p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p><p>A kone\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed praktick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, jak se m\u00e1 dnes \u017eiv\u00fd komplex Yer-Sub vztahovat k ekologick\u00fdm hnut\u00edm, ani\u017e by jimi byl zneu\u017eit? Vnitromongolsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 iniciativa <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> sama tuto ot\u00e1zku otev\u00edr\u00e1 a nab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pole pro n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou etnologii 20. let 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub v modern\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed debat\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejp\u0159ekvapiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obrat\u016f v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed o tengrismu je znovuobjeven\u00ed Yer-Subu jako referen\u010dn\u00edho bodu sou\u010dasn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch hnut\u00ed. Mongolsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 iniciativa <em>Onggi River Movement<\/em> (zalo\u017eena 2001) protestuje proti zlat\u00fdm dol\u016fm, kter\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed svat\u00e9 prameny a toky \u0159ek, a p\u0159itom se v\u00fdslovn\u011b odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na tradi\u010dn\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Yer-Subu. Caroline Humphrey toto hnut\u00ed dokumentovala v n\u011bkolika stat\u00edch.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tento obrat ambivalentn\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b ukazuje trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vitalitu \u00fadajn\u011b \u201earchaick\u00e9ho\u201c n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho konceptu, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 riziko, \u017ee n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 obsahy budou selektivn\u011b mobilizov\u00e1ny pro politick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. Oba aspekty by m\u011bly b\u00fdt zohledn\u011bny v diferencovan\u00e9 anal\u00fdze.<\/p><p>Podobn\u00e1 hnut\u00ed jsou viditeln\u00e1 i v Tuv\u011b a Republice Sacha; vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edky mezi religionistickou etnologi\u00ed a politickou ekologi\u00ed. Fenomenologov\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako Bron Taylor (<em>Dark Green Religion<\/em>, 2010) tuto konstelaci analyzovali jako \u201ezelen\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed\u201c a uvedli Yer-Sub jako jeden z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a vztah ke kulturn\u00edmu hubu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kdo chce studovat komplex Yer-Subu v jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159i, nalezne na p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">Sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e1 tradice<\/a> nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odkazy na p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 postavy jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145507\">Umai<\/a> (v Tonyukukov\u011b trojformuli) a na m\u00edstn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9 sv\u011bty duch\u016f.<\/p><p>Talat Tekinova <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm filologick\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem pro starotureckou vrstvu. Caroline Humphreyov\u00e1 v <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002) a <em>Marx Went Away, But Karl Stayed Behind<\/em> (s Frankem Piekem, 1998) nab\u00edz\u00ed sou\u010dasnou etnografickou hloubku.<\/p><p>Sergej Nekljudov ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, sv. 2 (Moskva 1992), obsahuje nejkompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ruskou standardn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci ke komplexu Yer-Subu, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla figurovat v ka\u017ed\u00e9 seri\u00f3zn\u00ed bibliografii.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u00e1zanosti na m\u00edsto<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Yer-Sub fenomenologicky ilustruje kategorii \u201em\u00edstn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e9 numinozity\u201c, kterou Mircea Eliade v d\u00edle <em>Le sacr\u00e9 et le profane<\/em> (1957) rozpracoval jako \u201ehierofanii m\u00edsta\u201c. Na rozd\u00edl od univerz\u00e1ln\u00edch nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch bo\u017estev je tato forma numinozity v\u00e1zan\u00e1 na prostor a konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed m\u00edsta (haldou kamen\u016f, uv\u00e1zan\u00fdmi stuhami, d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi k\u016fly) je klasick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, co van Gennep nazval \u201esakralizac\u00ed krajiny\u201c. Yer-Sub zde nen\u00ed osobou p\u0159eb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b, n\u00fdbr\u017e samotnou moc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edstem, co\u017e je rozli\u0161en\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 z fenomenologick\u00e9ho hlediska.<\/p><p>Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s japonsk\u00fdm konceptem <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V japonsk\u00e9m \u0161intoismu uct\u00edvan\u00e9 duchovn\u00ed bytosti a bo\u017esk\u00e9 moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">kami<\/span><\/em> a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm <em>genius loci<\/em> se ukazuje, \u017ee m\u00edstn\u011b v\u00e1zan\u00e1 numinozita je celosv\u011btov\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd koncept, kter\u00fd je v\u0161ak v ka\u017ed\u00e9 tradici formulov\u00e1n specificky. Yer-Sub je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 kompaktn\u00ed a dob\u0159e dokumentovanou variantou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159i b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed o Yer-Subu vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik metodologick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Za prv\u00e9: samotn\u00e9 slovo je kompozitum, jeho\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e1 gramatick\u00e1 interpretace ve star\u00e9 ture\u010dtin\u011b je sporn\u00e1. Talat Tekinovo pojet\u00ed jako \u201ejedin\u00e9 moci se dvoud\u00edln\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem\u201c je v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1no, nen\u00ed ale nesporn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Za druh\u00e9: identifikace Yer-Subu z Tonyukukova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010de.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> s etnograficky dosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdm sv\u011btem horsk\u00fdch a pramenn\u00fdch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch\u016f<\/span> z 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed je hypot\u00e9zou; b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v tomto ohledu zauj\u00edm\u00e1 opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postoj.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed: sou\u010dasn\u00e1 mobilizace Yer-Subu pro ekologick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed je v\u011bdecky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Caroline Humphrey a Bron Taylor k n\u00ed p\u0159inesli d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, ani\u017e by diskuzi uzav\u0159eli.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub a mongolsk\u00fd Naadam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed vztah mezi Yer-Subem a mongolsk\u00fdm letn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem <em>Naadam<\/em>. Naadam, slaven\u00fd ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b v \u010dervenci, m\u00e1 sv\u016fj p\u016fvod ve vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edch horsk\u00fdch a pramenn\u00fdch bo\u017estev a je tak historicky spojen s komplexem Yer-Subu.<\/p><p>T\u0159i klasick\u00e9 \u201emu\u017en\u00e9 hry\u201c Naadamu, j\u00edzda na koni, st\u0159elba z luku a z\u00e1pas, byly p\u016fvodn\u011b ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi demonstracemi kmenov\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159ed horsk\u00fdm patronem a p\u0159ed Yer-Subem. Christopher Atwood toto ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zakotven\u00ed podrobn\u011b popsal ve sv\u00e9 encyklopedii (2004).<\/p><p>V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m Mongolsku je Naadam velk\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd je sou\u010dasn\u011b st\u00e1tn\u011b-sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed i n\u00e1bo\u017eensky-tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Ritu\u00e1ly ovoo na za\u010d\u00e1tku sv\u00e1tku i nad\u00e1le zviditel\u0148uj\u00ed vrstvu Yer-Subu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub a archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-s14t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-s14t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy k Yer-Subu jsou omezen\u00e9, ale v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9. V jihosibi\u0159sk\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch step\u00edch (Tuva, Altaj) se zachovaly mohyly <em>kurgan<\/em> a stoj\u00edc\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 k\u016fly ze skytsk\u00e9ho a hunsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou \u010dteny jako ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201esvat\u00fdch m\u00edst\u201c. Zda jsou tato ozna\u010den\u00ed toto\u017en\u00e1 s pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm konceptem Yer-Subu, nen\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u011b prok\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm archeologick\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem jsou kamenn\u00e9 k\u016fly <em>balbal<\/em> z doby K\u00f6k-tureck\u00e9ho kagan\u00e1tu, kter\u00e9 byly stav\u011bny v \u0159ad\u00e1ch u kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch hrob\u016f. Sergej Klja\u0161tornyj v d\u00edle <em>Drevnetjurkskie pis&#8217;mennye pamjatniki<\/em> (1964) diskutoval n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah t\u011bchto k\u016fl\u016f.<\/p><p>Hypot\u00e9za propojen\u00ed spojuje archeologick\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 k\u016fly s etnograficky dosv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdmi k\u016fly <em>serge<\/em> u Sach\u016f: oboj\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt odrazem trvaj\u00edc\u00edho ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edst Yer-Subem, s dlouh\u00fdmi kontinuitami a transformacemi trvaj\u00edc\u00edmi dva tis\u00edce let.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21aa3e2d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp21aa3e2d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2524783c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2524783c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Yer-Sub jako dvojpojem: zem\u011b a voda v tengrismu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274b5427 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp274b5427\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c867c66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c867c66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1zev <em>Yer-Sub<\/em>, v turkick\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch doslova Zem\u011b-Voda, neozna\u010duje jedno jasn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, ale souhrnnou veli\u010dinu: celek st\u0159edn\u00edho sv\u011bta s jeho horami, \u0159ekami, prameny a lesy, ch\u00e1pan\u00fd jako odu\u0161evn\u011bl\u00e1, uct\u00edvan\u00e1 moc.<\/p><p>Ji\u017e starotureck\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy z \u00fadol\u00ed Orchon z 8. stolet\u00ed, nejstar\u0161\u00ed souvisl\u00e9 texty v turkick\u00e9m jazyce, uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed <em>yer sub<\/em> vedle nebesk\u00e9ho boha <em>Tengri<\/em> jako instanci, je\u017e dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na osud lidu.<\/p><p>Toto ran\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, nebo\u0165 ukazuje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o starou, p\u00edsemn\u011b dolo\u017eenou p\u0159edstavu, a nikoli o pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konstrukci etnografie. V orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech se <em>yer sub<\/em> objevuje v jednom dechu s <em>Tengri<\/em> jako moci, kter\u00e9 zasahuj\u00ed, kdy\u017e se lid dostane do nouze.<\/p><p>P\u0159esn\u00e9 teologick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9: zda byl <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako jednota, jako mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch duch\u016f, nebo jako oboj\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148, nelze ze stru\u010dn\u00fdch text\u016f n\u00e1pis\u016f jednozna\u010dn\u011b ur\u010dit.<\/p><p>V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, etnograficky zaznamenan\u00fdch tradic\u00edch jihosibi\u0159sk\u00fdch turkick\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad Altajc\u016f a Chakas\u016f, se <em>Yer-Sub<\/em> \u010dasto objevuje v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle jako mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u00e1n\u016f ur\u010dit\u00fdch hor, \u0159ek a pr\u016fsmyk\u016f, jim\u017e cestuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli drobn\u00e9 dary.<\/p><p>Zde se projevuje tot\u00e9\u017e kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed mezi jednotou a mnohost\u00ed jako u \u0159ady tengristick\u00fdch pojm\u016f. V\u00fdzkum, nap\u0159\u00edklad k altajsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, to vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako v\u00fdraz religiozity, kter\u00e1 striktn\u011b neodd\u011bluje lok\u00e1ln\u00ed a p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed rovinu. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dl\u00e1nek o <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145514\">Buga<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Caroline Humphrey: <em>Inside and Outside the Mongol Tent<\/em> (2002)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Aus Sibirien<\/em> (1893)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Sergei Neklyudov: <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em>, sv. 2 (Moskau 1992)<\/li><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-yersub-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-yersub-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Staro<em>tureck\u00fd<\/em> <em><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed tradovan\u00e9 o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span><\/em> orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f z osm\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed Yer-Sub jako svatou dvojmoc Zem\u011b a Vody, je\u017e po boku nebesk\u00e9ho boha Tengri zaru\u010dovala blaho vlada\u0159e a lidu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Yer-Sub Orchon Bilge Kagan obo ovoo gazar usu Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-yer-sub\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">Sibi\u0159e \/ tengrismu<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-yersub-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-yersub-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. 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