{"id":145507,"date":"2026-09-03T16:31:03","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:31:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145507"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:54","slug":"umai-bohyne-matek-deti-turku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/umai-bohyne-matek-deti-turku\/","title":{"rendered":"Umai \u2013 bohyn\u011b matek a d\u011bt\u00ed Turk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145507\" class=\"elementor elementor-145507 elementor-2635 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai, turecko-sibi\u0159sk\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b matek a novorozenc\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je bohyn\u011b matek a d\u011bt\u00ed turecko-sibi\u0159sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho okruhu. Jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no ozna\u010duje z\u00e1rove\u0148 placentu; chr\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, novorozence a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti a stoj\u00ed po boku \u0161amanek a porodn\u00edch babi\u010dek jako osobn\u00ed pomocn\u00e1 bohyn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus.\">Sibi\u0159 \/ tengrismus<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b.\">Ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-umai-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147324\" alt=\"Umaj \u2013 bohyn\u011b z tradice sibi\u0159sk\u00e9ho tengrismu, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_sibirisch-tengrismus_umai.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-umai elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-umai\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za <strong>turecko-sibi\u0159skou<\/strong> ochrannou bohyni d\u011bt\u00ed a porodn\u00ed pomocnici. Jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je dolo\u017een v mongolsko-tureck\u00fdch pramenech od 8. stolet\u00ed. Jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> je dolo\u017een v mongolsko-tureck\u00fdch pramenech od 8. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai (rovn\u011b\u017e Omai, Omoj, Umaj, May-Ene) je jedna z m\u00e1la \u017eensk\u00fdch vysok\u00fdch bo\u017estev historick\u00e9ho tengrismu, je\u017e jsou jednozna\u010dn\u011b dokumentov\u00e1na ji\u017e v p\u0159edisl\u00e1msk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a> jako vzd\u00e1len\u00fd nebesk\u00fd b\u016fh zaru\u010duje \u0159\u00e1d na pozad\u00ed, je Umai konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ochrannou moc\u00ed obr\u00e1cenou k rodinn\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e: dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na porod, sp\u00e1nek kojenc\u016f a prvn\u00ed rok \u017eivota.<\/p><p>Doklady sahaj\u00ed od staroturkick\u00fdch orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f z 8. stolet\u00ed (Tonyukuk\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010de.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span>) p\u0159es jakutsk\u00e9, altajsk\u00e9 a chakask\u00e9 etnografie 19. a 20. stolet\u00ed a\u017e po modern\u00ed obrozen\u00ed v Tuv\u011b a Kazachst\u00e1nu. Uvnit\u0159 kulturn\u00edho okruhu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e1 tradice<\/a> je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mat\u010dinou postavou a stoj\u00ed ve funk\u010dn\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145512\">Ajisit<\/a>, jakutskou bohyn\u00ed porodu.<\/p><p>Umai je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi abstraktn\u00ed kosmickou funkc\u00ed matky a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm anatomick\u00fdm substr\u00e1tem: pojem <em>umai<\/em> znamen\u00e1 doslova \u201eplacenta\u201c. T\u00edm se samotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bla st\u00e1v\u00e1 s\u00eddlem <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, co\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed anatomick\u00fdch re\u00e1li\u00ed v mnoha jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Slovo <em>umai<\/em> ozna\u010dovalo ve star\u00e9 ture\u010dtin\u011b z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u201eplacentu\u201c i \u201eochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c. Tento dvoj\u00ed v\u00fdznam je z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd: plodov\u00e9 l\u016f\u017eko bylo pova\u017eov\u00e1no za materi\u00e1ln\u00ed prot\u011bj\u0161ek bo\u017esk\u00e9 ochrany, kter\u00fd se po porodu nevyhazoval, n\u00fdbr\u017e se ukl\u00e1dal na svat\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b (do stromu, pod pr\u00e1h, u krbu).<\/p><p>Etymologicky je slovo podle Gerarda Clausona a dal\u0161\u00edch turkolog\u016f klasifikov\u00e1no jako staroturkick\u00e9, bez jasn\u00e9ho \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho nebo paleosibi\u0159sk\u00e9ho vlivu. U Jakut\u016f a Burjat\u016f se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 <em>Ymaj<\/em>, respektive <em>Manzan Gormo<\/em>, ve funk\u010dn\u011b podobn\u00e9 roli.<\/p><p>Mongolsk\u00e9 prameny ji znaj\u00ed jako <em>Et\u00fcgen Eke<\/em>, \u201eMatku Zemi\u201c, co\u017e nazna\u010duje \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 splynut\u00ed s bohyn\u00ed zem\u011b; v tomto splynut\u00ed se Umai bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145510\">Yer-Sub<\/a>.<\/p><p>K\u00f6kt\u00fcrsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010de.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> Tonyukuka (kolem roku 720 n. l.) ji zmi\u0148uje spole\u010dn\u011b s Tengri a Yer-Sub, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jej\u00ed st\u00e1totvornou roli v ran\u00e9m turkick\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Badatel\u00e9 tuto troj\u010dlennou vz\u00fdvac\u00ed formuli interpretuj\u00ed jako kosmologickou tri\u00e1du: nebe, matka, zem\u011b-voda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je tradi\u010dn\u011b popisov\u00e1na jako mlad\u00e1 \u017eena s dlouh\u00fdm copem a st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdmi \u0161perky. Jezd\u00ed na b\u00edl\u00e9m pt\u00e1ku (\u010dasto labuti), nos\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vy\u0161\u00edvan\u00fd sluncem a m\u011bs\u00edcem a nese mal\u00fd zlat\u00fd luk, kter\u00fdm odh\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00e9 duchy od d\u011btsk\u00fdch kol\u00e9bek.<\/p><p>Na jihosibi\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161amansk\u00fdch bubnech stoj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou v horn\u00ed polovin\u011b, bl\u00edzko, av\u0161ak n\u00ed\u017ee ne\u017e <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgen<\/a>.<\/p><p>V dom\u00e1c\u00edm symbolick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu je jej\u00edm znamen\u00edm kol\u00e9bkov\u00e9 d\u0159evo: mal\u00e9 vy\u0159ez\u00e1van\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsky ve tvaru pt\u00e1ka nebo luku, kter\u00e9 se zav\u011b\u0161uj\u00ed na kol\u00e9bku. I prvn\u00ed ko\u0161ilka novorozence, \u010dasto u\u0161it\u00e1 z otcovy ko\u0161ile, je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u201eumajsk\u00fd od\u011bv\u201c. Etnografick\u00e1 sb\u00edrka Rusk\u00e9ho muzea (Petrohrad) a Etnografick\u00e9ho muzea v Ulan-Ude obsahuje mnoho takov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edm tuvinsk\u00e9m a kaza\u0161sk\u00e9m hnut\u00ed obnoven\u00e9ho tengrismu se Umai stala kulturn\u00ed ikonou; v Astan\u011b zdob\u00ed jej\u00ed postava font\u00e1nu. Tato modern\u00ed ikonografie navazuje na tradi\u010dn\u00ed popisy, ale vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, jak je v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch renesanc\u00edch b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, konsolidovanou obrazovou podobu, kter\u00e1 v historick\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu v takto uzav\u0159en\u00e9 form\u011b neexistovala.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tonyukuk\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho nosi\u010de.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pis<\/span> (kolem roku 720 n. l.) zmi\u0148uje Umai poprv\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u011b s Tengri: \u201eTengri, Umai a svat\u00e1 zem\u011b-a-voda n\u00e1m dop\u0159\u00e1li v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed.\u201c Umai zde vystupuje v trojici s nebesk\u00fdm bohem a lok\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00e1zanou moc\u00ed zem\u011b-vody (srov. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145510\">Yer-Sub<\/a>). Talat Tekin tuto pas\u00e1\u017e v roce 1968 podrobn\u011b gramaticky a s\u00e9manticky analyzoval.<\/p><p>Altajsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, zaznamenan\u00e9 Wilhelmem Radloffem, popisuje, jak Umai nese du\u0161i novorozen\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte ve zlat\u00e9 kol\u00e9bce z nebe dol\u016f a klade je d\u00fdchaj\u00edc\u00ed do kl\u00edna matky. Zem\u0159e-li d\u00edt\u011b, \u201eUmai si vezme svou ko\u0161ilku zp\u011bt\u201c, co\u017e je obrat vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed vratnost bo\u017e\u00edho daru, ani\u017e by p\u0159isuzoval vinu.<\/p><p>V jakutsk\u00fdch olonchosk\u00fdch eposech se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b sl\u00e9v\u00e1 s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145512\">Ajisit<\/a> a vystupuje jako p\u0159ina\u0161e\u010dka \u017eivotn\u00ed du\u0161e. Toto splynut\u00ed je z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u00fdmluvn\u00e9: ukazuje, jak je pansibi\u0159sk\u00e1 funkce v region\u00e1ln\u00edch panteonech odli\u0161n\u011b personifikov\u00e1na.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umajsk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl \u00fazce spjat s dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. Hlavn\u00edmi ritu\u00e1ly byly: o\u010distn\u00fd sv\u00e1tek <em>nayan-ot<\/em> t\u0159i dny po narozen\u00ed, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e porodn\u00ed b\u00e1ba a matka proch\u00e1zej\u00ed kou\u0159em jalovce a mod\u0159\u00ednov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice; \u201evyv\u011b\u0161en\u00ed luku\u201c nad kol\u00e9bku; ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed potravinov\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 (tvaroh, kobyl\u00ed ml\u00e9ko, m\u00e1slov\u00e9 pe\u010divo) p\u0159i jarn\u00edm sv\u00e1tku.<\/p><p>\u0160amani vz\u00fdvali Umaj p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fdch ob\u0159adech pro d\u011bti. Byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za dostupnou moc bez tajemn\u00e9 au\u0440\u044b, \u201ebl\u00edzkou bohyni\u201c, na kterou se dalo mluvit nahlas i v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Dnes hraje v tuvinsk\u00e9 a chakask\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklo\u0159e<\/span> roli jako postava spojovan\u00e1 s porodn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed a truchlen\u00edm nad zem\u0159el\u00fdmi kojenci.<\/p><p>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je zde n\u00e1bo\u017eenskosociologick\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Vladimira Basilova: Umaj vypl\u0148uje citovou a praktickou mezeru, kterou vzd\u00e1len\u00fd Tengri nedok\u00e1\u017ee zaplnit. Tato komplementarita pat\u0159\u00ed ke strukturn\u00edm rys\u016fm v\u00edce\u010dlenn\u00fdch panteon\u016f s <em>deus otiosus<\/em> na vrcholu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u011bdecky popsan\u00fd (bez slibu \u00fa\u010dinku) apotropaick\u00fd komplex kolem Umaj zahrnoval: zav\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch luk\u016f nebo pta\u010d\u00edch figurek nad kol\u00e9bku; skr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed placenty na \u010dist\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b; vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se hlasit\u00fdm zvuk\u016fm a ostr\u00fdm n\u00e1stroj\u016fm v prvn\u00edch 40 dnech; obl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eumajsk\u00e9 ko\u0161ilky\u201c u\u0161it\u00e9 z l\u00e1tky zdrav\u00e9ho sourozence.<\/p><p>Tyto praktiky reagovaly z vnit\u0159n\u00ed perspektivy na obavu, \u017ee kojenec by mohl b\u00fdt \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi duchy, jako jsou <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145514\">chargij\u0161t\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00ed duchov\u00e9<\/a>, nebo posly <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145508\">Erlika Ch\u00e1na<\/a>, \u201esta\u017een zp\u011bt dol\u016f\u201c. Z vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etnografick\u00e9 perspektivy jde o ritu\u00e1ly strukturuj\u00edc\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot, kter\u00e9 d\u00e1valy kulturn\u00ed formu vysok\u00e9 kojeneck\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti.<\/p><p>\u010cty\u0159icetidenn\u00ed doba klidu po porodu se objevuje v mnoha euroasijsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch (pravoslavn\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, judaismus, isl\u00e1m), co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee praktiky soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 na Umaj jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho euroasijsk\u00e9ho komplexu porodn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, ani\u017e by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 historick\u00e9 odvozen\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funk\u010dn\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 jsou: \u0159eck\u00e1 Eileithyia a H\u00e9ra Argeia; \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 Juno Lucina; slovansk\u00e1 Moko\u0161; seversk\u00e1 Frigg ve sv\u00e9 roli porodn\u00ed pomocnice; v samotn\u00e9 Sibi\u0159i <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145512\">Ajysyt<\/a> (Jakuti). V \u010c\u00edn\u011b j\u00ed typologicky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Bixia Yuanjun, bohyn\u011b porodu z hory Tai-\u0161an, v Indii \u0160a\u0161th\u00ed.<\/p><p>Historick\u00fd poukaz: t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech panteonech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho nebesk\u00e9ho boha, existuje vyrovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 postava pro dramatick\u00fd prvn\u00ed rok \u017eivota. Umaj tuto roli napl\u0148uje v tengrismu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kompaktn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem. N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-fenomenologicky je u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem korelace mezi <em>deus otiosus<\/em> naho\u0159e a konkr\u00e9tn\u011b p\u0159\u00edv\u011btivou \u017eenskou ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed \u201edole\u201c.<\/p><p>Jednu s\u00e9mantickou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost m\u00e1 Umaj spole\u010dnou s etrusko-\u0159\u00edmskou bohyn\u00ed Mater Matutou, jej\u00ed\u017e jm\u00e9no tak\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z t\u011blesn\u00e9 funkce (matersk\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko \/ rann\u00ed \u010derv\u00e1nky jako \u201emat\u010dino sv\u011btlo\u201c). Takov\u00e9 paralely vznikaj\u00ed fenomenologicky, ani\u017e by byl nutn\u00fd historick\u00fd kontakt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V modern\u00edch republikov\u00fdch verz\u00edch tengrismu (Tuva, Chakasie, Kazachst\u00e1n) se Umaj stala kulturn\u00ed identifika\u010dn\u00ed postavou; v Astan\u011b zdob\u00ed jako socha m\u011bstskou font\u00e1nu. Akademicky je p\u0159edm\u011btem prac\u00ed Vladimira Basilova, Igora Steblevy a finsk\u00e9 turkolo\u017eky Marja-Liisy Sergejevy.<\/p><p>Jeden d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd badatelsk\u00fd sm\u011br zkoum\u00e1 jazykov\u00fd a funk\u010dn\u00ed most mezi <em>umaj<\/em> = placenta a <em>umaj<\/em> = ochrann\u00e9 bo\u017estvo jako p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak se n\u00e1bo\u017eenskost krystalizuje kolem materi\u00e1ln\u00edch t\u011blesn\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdzkum je v dialogu se srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem porodu a smrti Roberta Hertze a Arnolda van Gennepa.<\/p><p>Marja-Liisa Sergejeva ve sv\u00fdch Studies in Turkic Folk Religion (Helsinki, 2006) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee dnes \u017eiv\u00e9 praktiky spojen\u00e9 s Umaj v Tuv\u011b vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapivou kontinuitu s etnografick\u00fdmi z\u00e1znamy Radloffa z roku 1860, co\u017e je pro sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed po sov\u011btsk\u00e9 f\u00e1zi repres\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00fd n\u00e1lez.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 debaty a otev\u0159en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umajsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum charakterizuj\u00ed dv\u011b metodologick\u00e9 debaty. Zaprv\u00e9: Nakolik je t\u011bsn\u00e9 propojen\u00ed placenty a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> p\u016fvodn\u011b turkicko-altajsk\u00fd jev, nebo zda odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed anatomickou sakralizaci, kterou nach\u00e1z\u00edme tak\u00e9 u Aymar\u016f, v ji\u017en\u00ed Indii a v z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9m jorubsk\u00e9m komplexu?<\/p><p>Zadruh\u00e9: Lze starotureck\u00fd Umaj z orchonsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f ztoto\u017enit s altajsk\u00fdm Umajem 19. stolet\u00ed, nebo ozna\u010duje toto slovo v r\u016fzn\u00fdch epoch\u00e1ch odli\u0161n\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed postavy? Sergej Nekljudov v d\u00edle <em>Mify narodov mira<\/em> (Moskva 1992) argumentoval pro kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed identifikaci; nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum k tomu vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed skepsi.<\/p><p>Otev\u0159en\u00e1 badatelsk\u00e1 situace d\u011bl\u00e1 z Umaj vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd objekt pro srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vlastn\u00ed v\u00edry.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span>, je\u017e vedle boh\u016f bere v\u00e1\u017en\u011b i jejich t\u011blesn\u011b-materi\u00e1ln\u00ed ukotven\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vztah k Umaj v modern\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdzkum Umai se za posledn\u00ed dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed metodicky zna\u010dn\u011b rozrostl. Genderov\u011b orientovan\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistika<\/span> (nap\u0159\u00edklad u Karen Pechilis Prentiss nebo u finsk\u00e9 turkolo\u017eky Hilkky Bergrothov\u00e9) \u010dte Umai st\u00e1le v\u00edce nad r\u00e1mec role \u201ebohyn\u011b porodu\u201c jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u017eenskou v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed postavu, jej\u00ed\u017e postaven\u00ed bylo \u010dasto zast\u00edn\u011bno dominuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem Tengriho.<\/p><p>Toto nov\u00e9 \u010dten\u00ed je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho trendu zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch bo\u017estev altajsk\u00fdch a uralsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fd badatelsk\u00fd sm\u011br spojuje Umai se zkoum\u00e1n\u00edm materi\u00e1ln\u00ed religiozity: praktiky s placentou (ulo\u017een\u00ed, zakop\u00e1n\u00ed, zav\u011b\u0161en\u00ed) jsou \u010dteny jako rozhran\u00ed mezi anatomi\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span>. Zde v\u00fdzkum navazuje na d\u00edlo Mary Douglasov\u00e9 <em>Reinheit und Gef\u00e4hrdung<\/em> (1966) a na studie Roberta Hertze o \u201eprav\u00e9\u201c a \u201elev\u00e9\u201c ruce.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed, v\u00fdzkum diaspory v Kazachst\u00e1nu a Turecku uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee praktiky spojen\u00e9 s Umai se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed i v m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstev, \u010dasto jako \u201ekulturn\u00ed tradice\u201c bez explicitn\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1boje. Tato sekularizace s p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed prax\u00ed je klasick\u00fd vzorec religionistick\u00e9 sociologie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a vztah ke kulturn\u00edmu hubu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s10t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s10t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kdo si chce prostudovat komplex Umai v cel\u00e9 jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159i, najde na p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">sibi\u0159sko-tengristick\u00e1 tradice<\/a> nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odkazy na p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 postavy jako <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145512\">Ajisit<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145509\">\u00dclgen<\/a> a k moci spjat\u00e9 se zem\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145510\">Yer-Sub<\/a>. \u010cetba tonyukuksk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> ve standardn\u00edm vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Talata Tekina (1968) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159irozen\u00fdm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem pro starotureckou vrstvu.<\/p><p>Pro etnografickou vrstvu 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed jsou standardn\u00edmi d\u00edly Wilhelm Radloffovy <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme<\/em> (od 1866) a Vladimir Basilovova <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984). Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studie jsou nap\u0159\u00edklad Marja-Liisa Sergejevov\u00e9 <em>Studies in Turkic Folk Religion<\/em> (Helsinky 2006) a etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy Akademie v\u011bd Republiky Tuva.<\/p><p>Z hlediska fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Eliadova kniha o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e specialist\u00e9 komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u011btem duch\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161amanismu<\/span> (1951) plodn\u00fdm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem, i kdy\u017e jeho v\u00fdklad se dnes ji\u017e nep\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 nekriticky. Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kritika Roberte Hamayonov\u00e9 (1990) tento obraz dopl\u0148uje a m\u011bla by se \u010d\u00edst soub\u011b\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fenomenologicko-n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 hloubka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s11t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s11t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z hlediska fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je Umai u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem toho, co Mircea Eliade naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201ehierofani\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tku\u201c: narozen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka se povy\u0161uje na kosmickou ud\u00e1lost, v n\u00ed\u017e se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed prostupn\u00fdmi hranice mezi naho\u0159e a dole, viditeln\u00fdm a neviditeln\u00fdm. V t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi je Umai konstitutivn\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomna.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s kol\u00e9bkov\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span> (no\u010dn\u00ed zp\u011bv, kol\u00e9b\u00e1n\u00ed, uvazov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch nit\u00ed) pat\u0159\u00ed do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed religionisticko-antropologick\u00e9 skupiny \u201ep\u0159ij\u00edmac\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f\u201c, kter\u00e9 francouzsk\u00fd folklorista Arnold van Gennep systematicky popsal v d\u00edle <em>Les rites de passage<\/em> (1909).<\/p><p>Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi sibi\u0159sk\u00fdmi matkami-bo\u017estvy se Umai vyzna\u010duje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm spojen\u00edm s politickou sf\u00e9rou, v tonyukuksk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> stoj\u00ed mezi Tengrim a Yer-Sub, tedy na \u00farovni st\u00e1totvorn\u00e9 moci. Toto politick\u00e9 postaven\u00ed nen\u00ed z religionisticko-historick\u00e9ho hlediska pro matku-ochr\u00e1nkyni samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metodologick\u00e1 reflexe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s12t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s12t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159i pr\u00e1ci s prameny o Umai vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolik metodick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f. Za prv\u00e9: nejstar\u0161\u00ed prameny jsou kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 invoka\u010dn\u00ed formule v k\u00f6kt\u00fcrksk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech; podrobn\u00e9 etnografick\u00e9 popisy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed a\u017e z 19.\/20. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 identifikace obou vrstev nen\u00ed bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b jist\u00e1.<\/p><p>Za druh\u00e9: rusk\u00e1 a sov\u011btsk\u00e1 etnografie \u010dasto identifikovala Umai s \u201ematkou-bohyn\u00ed\u201c srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span>, co\u017e nazna\u010duje univerzalistick\u00fd v\u00fdklad, kter\u00fd samotn\u00fd materi\u00e1l ne v\u017edy podporuje. Zde je nutn\u00e1 religionisticko-fenomenologick\u00e1 obez\u0159etnost.<\/p><p>Za t\u0159et\u00ed: sou\u010dasn\u00e9 hnut\u00ed spojen\u00e9 s Umai v Tuv\u011b a Kazachst\u00e1nu p\u0159edstavuje sebeprezentaci, kter\u00e1 navazuje na tradi\u010dn\u00ed prameny, ale samo je modern\u00edm konstruktem. Zde je nutn\u00e1 reflexivn\u00ed religionistick\u00e1 etnografie, jakou po\u017eadoval Andrei Znamenski v d\u00edle <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai a cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed perspektiva<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-s13t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-s13t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed perspektiva ukazuje, \u017ee Umai pat\u0159\u00ed do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rodiny \u017eensk\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch bo\u017estev porodu, kter\u00e1 se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 od Skandin\u00e1vie p\u0159es Sibi\u0159 a\u017e po Severn\u00ed Ameriku. Finsk\u00e1 Akka, s\u00e1msk\u00e1 Maderakka, starotureck\u00e1 Umai, jakutsk\u00e1 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145512\">Ajisit<\/a> a kone\u010dn\u011b severoamerick\u00e9 \u201ebohyn\u011b-matky bobul\u00ed\u201c u Athabask\u016f jsou funk\u010dn\u011b bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Juha Pentik\u00e4inen tuto cirkumpol\u00e1rn\u00ed rozv\u011btvenost systematicky popsal v d\u00edle <em>Shamanism and Culture<\/em> (1998). Zda se jedn\u00e1 o genetickou p\u0159\u00edbuznost, nebo o typologickou konvergenci, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 sporn\u00e9, ob\u011b hypot\u00e9zy maj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 argumenty.<\/p><p>Toto srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed zasazen\u00ed \u010din\u00ed Umai v\u011bdecky relevantn\u00ed i mimo staroturecko-sibi\u0159sk\u00fd materi\u00e1l. Stoj\u00ed ve st\u0159edu badatelsk\u00e9 tradice, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, jak podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 funkce vznikaj\u00ed za podobn\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d4e6282 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d4e6282\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ba9a041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ba9a041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Umai ve starotureck\u00e9 n\u00e1pisov\u00e9 tradici<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21759807 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21759807\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26d0f456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26d0f456\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no <em>Umaj<\/em> je zn\u00e1m\u00e9 u\u017e z nejstar\u0161\u00edch datovateln\u00fdch text\u016f v turkick\u00e9m jazyce: z orchonsko-tureck\u00fdch runov\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f z 8. stolet\u00ed z Mongolska, a to dlouho p\u0159ed vznikem novodob\u00e9 etnografie.<\/p><p>V tonjukuksk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> a v okol\u00ed pam\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f druh\u00e9ho Turkick\u00e9ho kagan\u00e1tu se <em>Umaj<\/em> objevuje v pevn\u00e9m spojen\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e je \u00fasp\u011bch a ochrana ur\u010dit\u00e9 osoby, \u010dasto vysoce postaven\u00e9 \u017eeny nebo d\u00edt\u011bte, p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1na p\u016fsoben\u00ed nebes (<em>Tengri<\/em>) a Umaj.<\/p><p>Toto ran\u011b dochovan\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed m\u00e1 velkou historickou v\u00e1hu. Ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159edstava ochrann\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 s\u00edly spojen\u00e9 s porodem, potomstvem a prosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm d\u011bt\u00ed nen\u00ed modern\u00edm folkloristick\u00fdm v\u00fdmyslem, ale sah\u00e1 minim\u00e1ln\u011b do ran\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 dokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee Umaj byla u\u017e tehdy ch\u00e1p\u00e1na v \u00fazk\u00e9m spojen\u00ed s bohem nebes, v jak\u00e9msi vztahu nad- a pod\u0159azenosti, kde Tengri zt\u011bles\u0148uje \u0161ir\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161e a Umaj bl\u00edzkou, chr\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed sf\u00e9ru.<\/p><p>Runov\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy byly zp\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bny od konce 19. stolet\u00ed, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pod\u00edl na tom m\u011bl Vilhelm Thomsen, kter\u00fd p\u00edsmo rozlu\u0161til v roce 1893, a Wilhelm Radloff. Stru\u010dnost doklad\u016f v\u0161ak znamen\u00e1, \u017ee o jednotlivostech kultu Umaj v kagan\u00e1tu se toho v\u00ed jen velmi m\u00e1lo. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">N\u00e1pis<\/span> uv\u00e1d\u00ed jm\u00e9no a funkci, nikoli <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> ani <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b28eec4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b28eec4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26c2cb55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp26c2cb55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Historie slova: Umai mezi placentou a ochrannou silou<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c542e1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp20c542e1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21bb0935 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp21bb0935\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jazykovou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed Umai je, \u017ee tat\u00e1\u017e nebo bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 zvukov\u00e1 podoba ozna\u010duje v n\u011bkolika turkick\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch z\u00e1rove\u0148 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed slovo i jm\u00e9no bo\u017estva. V \u0159ad\u011b turkick\u00fdch jazyk\u016f znamen\u00e1 <em>umai<\/em> nebo hl\u00e1skov\u011b bl\u00edzk\u00e1 forma placentu, plodov\u00e9 l\u016f\u017eko, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b tak\u00e9 d\u011blohu nebo plodov\u00fd obal.<\/p><p>Tato dvojzna\u010dnost nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, n\u00fdbr\u017e kl\u00ed\u010d k pochopen\u00ed. Ochrann\u00e1 s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 bd\u00ed nad novorozenci, a org\u00e1n, kter\u00fd obaluje a \u017eiv\u00ed nenarozen\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, nesou stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, proto\u017ee byly ch\u00e1p\u00e1ny jako dv\u011b strany t\u00e9\u017ee v\u011bci.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch etnograficky zaznamenan\u00fdch zvyc\u00edch byla proto placenta pe\u010dliv\u011b o\u0161et\u0159ena, uschov\u00e1na nebo zahrab\u00e1na na chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, m\u00edsto aby byla bezstarostn\u011b odstran\u011bna, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed osud byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za spojen\u00fd s osudem d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b toho existuje star\u00fd n\u00e1vrh spojit toto jm\u00e9no se staroindick\u00fdm <em>Um\u0101<\/em>, p\u0159\u00edvlastkem bohyn\u011b Parv\u00e1t\u00ed. Tento n\u00e1vrh je v odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e sporn\u00fd a \u0159ada turkolog\u016f jej odm\u00edt\u00e1 jako hl\u00e1skov\u011b a historicky nedostate\u010dn\u011b podlo\u017een\u00fd; m\u011bl by b\u00fdt uv\u00e1d\u011bn jen jako star\u00e1, nejist\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za. Solidn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lini\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vnitroturkick\u00e1: Umai jako personifikace ochrann\u00e9 s\u00edly, jej\u00ed\u017e jm\u00e9no poch\u00e1z\u00ed z oblasti porodu a placenty. K p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9mu nebesk\u00e9mu konceptu viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145506\">Tengri<\/a>.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Vladimir Basilov: <em>Shamanism in Siberia<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Wilhelm Radloff: <em>Proben der Volkslitteratur der t\u00fcrkischen St\u00e4mme S\u00fcd-Sibiriens<\/em> (1866ff.)<\/li><li>Jean-Paul Roux: <em>La religion des Turcs et des Mongols<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>Roberte Hamayon: <em>La chasse \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2me<\/em> (1990)<\/li><li>Talat Tekin: <em>A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic<\/em> (1968)<\/li><li>Andrei Znamenski: <em>Shamanism and Western Imagination<\/em> (2007)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-umai-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-umai-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Umai je v turecko-sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 historii pova\u017eov\u00e1na za ochrannou bohyni <strong>matek<\/strong> a novorozenc\u016f. U Altajsk\u00fdch Turk\u016f, Chakas\u016f a Tuvinc\u016f byla vz\u00fdv\u00e1na zejm\u00e9na v obdob\u00ed okolo porodu a \u0161estined\u011bl\u00ed; jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no ve star\u00e9 ture\u010dtin\u011b ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 placentu a odkazuje tak k t\u011bsn\u00e9 vazb\u011b na prah mezi prenat\u00e1ln\u00edm a nov\u00fdm \u017eivotem.<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy z 19. a po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed popisuj\u00ed ob\u011btiny, kol\u00e9bkov\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly a ochrann\u00e9 formule, jimi\u017e matky sv\u011b\u0159ovaly sv\u00e9 d\u011bti pod ochranu bohyn\u011b Umai.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Umai placenta Tonyukuk kol\u00e9bka ochrana kojenc\u016f Et\u00fcgen Eke.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-umai\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/sibirsky-samanismus-tengrismus\/\">Sibi\u0159e \/ tengrismu<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane 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0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-umai-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-umai-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2859,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Umai bohyn\u011b matek tengrismus","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Umai \u2013 sibi\u0159sk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b matek, kult a prameny","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Umai je turecko-sibi\u0159sk\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 bohyn\u011b matek a kojenc\u016f. 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