{"id":145499,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145499"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:41","slug":"tanit-hlavni-bohyne-kartaga","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tanit-hlavni-bohyne-kartaga\/","title":{"rendered":"Tanit \u2013 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Kart\u00e1ga"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145499\" class=\"elementor elementor-145499 elementor-2627 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit, punsko-kartaginsk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b a 'Pene Baal'<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit (punsky <em>tnt<\/em>) je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost, kter\u00e1 je v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako bo\u017esk\u00e1.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> punsk\u00e9ho Kart\u00e1ga a jeho koloni\u00ed. Pravideln\u011b se vyskytuje ve spojen\u00ed s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145500\">Baal-Hammonem<\/a> a nese titul <em>pene Ba\u02bfal<\/em> (&#8218;tv\u00e1\u0159 Baala&#8216;). Jej\u00ed &#8218;ruka-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>&#8218;-st\u00e9ly z tofetu pat\u0159\u00ed k nejcharakteristi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obrazov\u00fdm znak\u016fm punsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Tanit je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za punsko-kartaginskou hlavn\u00ed bohyni a nos\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddomek &#8218;Pene Baal&#8216;, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam bude d\u00e1le vysv\u011btlen.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b f\u00e9nick\u00e9 tradice.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fenicane-a-kartago-baal-tanit\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie f\u00e9nick\u00e9 tradice.\">F\u00e9nick\u00e1<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b.\">\u0158\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tanit-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147330\" alt=\"Tanit \u2013 bohyn\u011b z f\u00e9nick\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_phoenizisch_tanit.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-tanit elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-tanit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-tanit\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit je <strong>punsko-kartaginsk\u00e1<\/strong> hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b a man\u017eelka Baal-Hammona.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit je bohyn\u011b, kter\u00e1 je v f\u00e9ni\u010dansk\u00e9 domovin\u011b jen slab\u011b dolo\u017eena, ale v Kart\u00e1gu a v z\u00e1padomediterr\u00e1nn\u00edch punsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch se stala jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bohyn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Maria Eugenia Aubet ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (2001) uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee Tanit se v Kart\u00e1gu stala hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed a\u017e v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. V r\u00e1mci <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fenicane-a-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">f\u00e9ni\u010dansk\u00e9 tradice<\/a> je tedy specificky z\u00e1padn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem.<\/p><p>Sabatino Moscati ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (1966) a v \u0159ad\u011b pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed podrobn\u011b popsal kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e Tanit vystupuje jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017estvo. Na st\u00e9l\u00e1ch z tofetu (poh\u0159by d\u011bt\u00ed s votivn\u00edmi n\u00e1pisy) se pravideln\u011b objevuje p\u0159ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145500\">Baal-Hammonem<\/a>, co\u017e podtrhuje jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 bohyn\u011b punsk\u00e9 rodiny a punsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/p><p>Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje Tanit typ \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b, kter\u00fd se objevuje v n\u011bkolika st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch (srov. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145491\">Hebat<\/a> u Hetit\u016f, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145497\">Astart\u00e9<\/a> u F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u016f, Roma v \u0158\u00edm\u011b). Jej\u00ed vztah k <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145500\">Baal-Hammonovi<\/a> jako man\u017eelovi nebo spole\u010dn\u00edkovi je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm teologick\u00fdm vztahem. Spojen\u00ed obou tvo\u0159\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00fd p\u00e1r Kart\u00e1ga.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmavou badatelskou ot\u00e1zkou je mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159edehra Tanit v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 zemi F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u016f. Ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy ze Sarepty a Sid\u00f3nu nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee existovala p\u0159edch\u016fdkyn\u011b t\u00e9to bohyn\u011b, je\u017e se v Kart\u00e1gu vyvinula v samostatnou hlavn\u00ed bohyni. Tato &#8218;tanitsk\u00e1&#8216; transformace pat\u0159\u00ed k nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historick\u00fdm jev\u016fm z\u00e1padn\u00edho St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Etymologie jm\u00e9na Tanit nen\u00ed definitivn\u011b vyjasn\u011bna. Jedno z pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch vysv\u011btlen\u00ed ji spojuje se z\u00e1padosemitsk\u00fdm ko\u0159enem <em>tnn<\/em> &#8218;na\u0159\u00edkat, lk\u00e1t&#8216;, co\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo funkci bohyn\u011b smutku. Jin\u00fd v\u00fdklad pova\u017euje jm\u00e9no za berbersk\u00e9 p\u0159ejat\u00e9 slovo, co\u017e by odpov\u00eddalo libyjsko-numidsk\u00e9 slo\u017ece Kart\u00e1ga. T\u0159et\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je souvislost s ugaritsk\u00fdmi doklady bohyn\u011b Tannit.<\/p><p>V n\u00e1pisech se objevuje jako <em>tnt pn b\u02bfl<\/em> &#8218;Tanit, tv\u00e1\u0159 Baala&#8216;. Tento p\u0159\u00eddomek zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jej\u00ed teologickou funkci jako zjeven\u00ed nebo projevu Baal-Hammona. V \u0159eck\u00e9m materi\u00e1lu je ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1na s H\u00e9rou nebo s Artemis Caelestis, v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed s Juno Caelestis, je\u017e se pozd\u011bji stala v\u00fdznamnou africko-\u0159\u00edmskou hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed.<\/p><p>\u0158eck\u00e1 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 recepce jako &#8218;vl\u00e1dkyn\u011b nebes&#8216; ji spojuje s astr\u00e1ln\u00edm aspektem; pravideln\u011b je j\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1n m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>. Slavn\u00e9 st\u00e9ly &#8218;m\u011bs\u00edc a hv\u011bzda&#8216; z tofetu v Kart\u00e1gu tuto astr\u00e1ln\u00ed konotaci jasn\u011b dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed. Charles Krahmalkov shrom\u00e1\u017edil nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed epigrafick\u00e9 doklady ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (2001).<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem p\u0159\u00eddomku &#8218;tv\u00e1\u0159 Baala&#8216; je ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed Tanit jako hypostatick\u00e9ho zjeven\u00ed Baal-Hammona. V tomto pojet\u00ed nen\u00ed Tanit prost\u011b samostatnou bohyn\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e zosobn\u011bnou funkc\u00ed projevu Baala, jakousi bo\u017eskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, jej\u00edm\u017e prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm se nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh zjevuje ve sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit je ikonograficky proslul\u00e1 d\u00edky po n\u00ed nazvan\u00e9mu &#8218;Tanit-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolu<\/span>&#8218; neboli &#8218;znaku Tanit&#8216;: stylizovan\u00e9 \u017eensk\u00e9 postav\u011b s troj\u00faheln\u00edkem jako t\u011blem, horizont\u00e1ln\u00edm pruhem jako pa\u017eemi a kruhem jako hlavou. Tento znak se objevuje na tis\u00edc\u00edch st\u00e9l z tofetsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> v Kart\u00e1gu a je jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch symbol\u016f punsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na st\u00e9l\u00e1ch se \u010dasto objevuje v doprovodu dal\u0161\u00edch symbol\u016f: &#8218;ruky Tanit&#8216; (otev\u0159en\u00e1 dla\u0148 jako ochrann\u00fd znak), p\u016flm\u011bs\u00edce a hv\u011bzdy, gran\u00e1tov\u00e9ho jablka, lotosov\u00e9ho kv\u011btu. N\u011bkdy stoj\u00ed znak Tanit osamocen\u011b, jindy ve spojen\u00ed s &#8218;kaduceem&#8216; nebo se symboly p\u0159\u00edd\u011b lodi. Tato ikonografick\u00e1 rozmanitost odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mnohofunk\u010dnost bohyn\u011b.<\/p><p>Antropomorfn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed jsou vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed; d\u016fle\u017eitou v\u00fdjimkou je so\u0161ka z Thinissutu (Tunisko), je\u017e zobrazuje Tanit jako tr\u016fn\u00edc\u00ed bohyni s korunou polos a sfingami po boku.<\/p><p>I v hel\u00e9nisticko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch se objevuje st\u00e1le v\u00edce v lidsk\u00e9 podob\u011b, zejm\u00e9na po ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed s Juno Caelestis. Archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z tofetu jsou podrobn\u011b publikov\u00e1ny v \u0159ad\u011b publikac\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 v d\u00edle H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safarov\u00e9 o kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Vlastn\u00ed mytologick\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Tanit se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nedochovalo. Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145496\">Baala<\/a> nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145504\">Anat<\/a> nen\u00ed dolo\u017een \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, v n\u011bm\u017e by Tanit vystupovala jako jednaj\u00edc\u00ed postava v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhov\u00e9 posloupnosti. Je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kultovn\u011b-ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z praxe, nikoli z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>.<\/p><p>N\u011bkolik fragment\u00e1rn\u00edch zm\u00ednek se objevuje u pozdn\u00edch autor\u016f (Augustin, Tertullianus) o kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9m Tanit-<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span>; v\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto zpr\u00e1v je v\u0161ak polemick\u00e1 a nev\u011brohodn\u00e1. Tertullianus (<em>Apologeticum<\/em> 9) drastick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem popisuje ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed Saturnovi (= Baal-Hammonovi) a jeho man\u017eelce, co\u017e je nar\u00e1\u017eka na praxi tofetu, bez mytologick\u00e9ho podkladu.<\/p><p>Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je tato mytologick\u00e1 chudost typick\u00e1 pro \u201em\u011bstsk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b\u201c pozdn\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edhistorick\u00e1 epocha po dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, charakterizovan\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby \u017eelezn\u00e9<\/span>; jsou kultovn\u011b centr\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale mytologicky okrajov\u00e9. Tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145487\">Arinna<\/a> z <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-bohove\/\">hetitsk\u00e9 tradice<\/a> vykazuje stejn\u00fd profil: nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e1 bohyn\u011b bez vlastn\u00edho mytologick\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed. Teologick\u00e1 funkce spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti, nikoli v narativn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Mytologick\u00e1 chudost Tanit stoj\u00ed v zaj\u00edmav\u00e9m protikladu k bohat\u00e9mu symbolick\u00e9mu sv\u011btu st\u00e9l tofetu; jej\u00ed teologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tedy nen\u00ed prim\u00e1rn\u011b narativn\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e symbolick\u00fd a kultovn\u00ed. Tento posun od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> k <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje n\u011bjakou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolu<\/span> je historicky n\u00e1padn\u00fd.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem Tanit byla svatyn\u011b tofet v Kart\u00e1gu, na n\u011bkolika vrstv\u00e1ch vznikl\u00e1 plocha s tis\u00edci urnov\u00fdmi poh\u0159by mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a mlad\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na urn\u00e1ch byly vyryty n\u00e1pisy v\u011bnovan\u00e9 Tanit a Baal-Hammonovi.<\/p><p>P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdznam praxe tofetu je ji\u017e po generace p\u0159edm\u011btem sporu: jednalo se o pravideln\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti (jak uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed klasick\u00e9 prameny jako Diod\u00f3ros, Polybios \u010di Tertullianus), nebo o poh\u0159by d\u011bt\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b (jak tvrd\u00ed modern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed interpretace)?<\/p><p>Dne\u0161n\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed ke sm\u00ed\u0159liv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pozici: v tofetu byly poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ny jak p\u0159irozen\u011b zem\u0159el\u00e9 d\u011bti, tak ob\u011btovan\u00e9 d\u011bti, v r\u016fzn\u00e9m pom\u011bru podle kriz\u00ed \u010di zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f (<em>n\u0113der<\/em>, ob\u011btiny na z\u00e1klad\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slib u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">slibu<\/span>).<\/p><p>Lawrence Stager, Joseph Greene a Brian Schmidt analyzovali v n\u011bkolika studi\u00edch nalezen\u00e9 kosti; diskuse dosud neskon\u010dila. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tofet ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b jednou z nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch svatyn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prav\u011bk\u00e1 epocha n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed po dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, charakteristick\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby \u017eelezn\u00e9<\/span>.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b Kart\u00e1ga jsou svatyn\u011b tofet dolo\u017eeny tak\u00e9 v Motyi (Sic\u00edlie), Tharrosu (Sardinie), Sulcisu (Sardinie), Hadrumetu (Tunisko) a v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch punsk\u00fdch koloni\u00edch. Na ka\u017ed\u00e9m z t\u011bchto m\u00edst byla Tanit uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjemkyn\u011b ob\u011btn\u00edch dar\u016f. Sabatino Moscati systematicky zdokumentoval punsk\u00e1 nalezi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p><p>Interpretaci tofetsk\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u016f jako poh\u0159b\u016f, nikoli jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edk, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span>, zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na Jeffrey Schwartz a Frank Houghton; naproti tomu Lawrence Stager pova\u017euje v\u00fdklad o ob\u011btech za historicky dolo\u017een\u00fd. Ob\u011b stanoviska stoj\u00ed ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 diskusi proti sob\u011b a debata pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit byla ochrannou bohyn\u00ed rodiny, d\u011bt\u00ed, t\u011bhotn\u00fdch \u017een a punsk\u00e9 polis jako celku. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">Symbol<\/span> &#8218;ruka Tanit&#8216; se objevoval <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: o znac\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">apotropaicky<\/span> na vchodech dom\u016f, na amuletech a na chovn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata; byl jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch znak\u016f punsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 ruka s rozta\u017een\u00fdmi prsty symbolizuje odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed zla a bo\u017eskou ochranu.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: o znac\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvracet \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> byly v domech um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1ny so\u0161ky Tanit; tis\u00edce terakotov\u00fdch &#8218;desti\u010dek Tanit&#8216; bylo nalezeno v kartaginsk\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. Slou\u017eily k ochran\u011b domu, ochran\u011b p\u0159i porodu a obecn\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pro\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd postoj a praxe \u010dlov\u011bka.\" tabindex=\"0\">zbo\u017enosti<\/span>. Tato soukrom\u00e1 zbo\u017enost je dob\u0159e zdokumentov\u00e1na a je v protikladu ke st\u00e1tn\u011b-ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxi tofetu.<\/p><p>V punsk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech se Tanit objevuje jako p\u0159\u00edjemkyn\u011b slib\u016f <em>n\u0113der<\/em> v dob\u00e1ch krize: p\u0159ed porody, p\u0159ed cestami, p\u0159ed bitvami, p\u0159i nemocech. \u010cetnost jej\u00edho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed soukromou zbo\u017enost punsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva.<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard uv\u00e1d\u00ed Tanit jako historicko-religionistickou postavu bez vazby na sou\u010dasn\u00e9 sliby l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed; praxe tofetu je i v dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 diskusi rekonstruovateln\u00e1 pouze historicky, nikoli k opakov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>N\u00e1pisy <em>n\u0113der<\/em> z tofetu jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prim\u00e1rn\u00edm pramenem pro praxi zbo\u017enosti k Tanit.<\/p><p>\u0158\u00edd\u00ed se standardn\u00ed formul\u00ed: &#8218;Pan\u00ed Tanit, tv\u00e1\u0159i Baala, a p\u00e1nu Baal-Hammonovi, co N.N. sl\u00edbil, proto\u017ee ho \/ ji \/ to vysly\u0161el.&#8216; Tato formule je dochov\u00e1na v tis\u00edc\u00edch variant a pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe zdokumentovan\u00fdm epigrafick\u00fdm soubor\u016fm antick\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit je historicky spojena s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145497\">Astarte<\/a>, s f\u00e9nickou Baalat (&#8218;Pan\u00ed&#8216;), s mezopotamskou I\u0161tar a s Atargatis pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syrsk\u00e9 tradice. V hel\u00e9nisticko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dob\u011b byla identifikov\u00e1na s H\u00e9rou, Junonou, Artemis Caelestis a D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed synkrez\u00ed je Juno Caelestis, africko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 vrchn\u00ed bohyn\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edmo vych\u00e1z\u00ed z Tanit.<\/p><p>S <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145491\">Hebat<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-bohove\/\">hetitsk\u00e9 tradice<\/a> sd\u00edl\u00ed Tanit funkci nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b. S \u0159eckou Artemis Ephesia m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00fd astr\u00e1ln\u00ed profil &#8218;pan\u00ed nebes&#8216;. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je jednou z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav z\u00e1padomediter\u00e1nn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehistorick\u00e1 epocha po dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, charakterizovan\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby \u017eelezn\u00e9<\/span>.<\/p><p>V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed z\u016fstala Tanit-Juno Caelestis p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 a\u017e do 4. stolet\u00ed n. l.; jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Kart\u00e1gu byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm centrem i po z\u00e1niku punsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Konec j\u00ed p\u0159inesla teprve k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159echodn\u00e1 epocha mezi antikou a st\u0159edov\u011bkem, zhruba od 3. do 7. stolet\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">pozdn\u00ed antika<\/span>; Augustinus v <em>De civitate Dei<\/em> 2.4 podrobn\u011b polemizuje proti kult\u016fm Caelestis jako vrcholu &#8218;pohansk\u00e9 nemravnosti&#8216;.<\/p><p>V numidsk\u00e9 a mauret\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradici se Tanit st\u00e1v\u00e1 prost\u0159ednic\u00ed mezi punsk\u00fdm a libyjsk\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm; objevuje se na berbersk\u00fdch st\u00e9l\u00e1ch s vlastn\u00edmi m\u00edstn\u00edmi epitety. Tato &#8218;berberizace&#8216; Tanit v hel\u00e9nisticko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed je religionisticky v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 a podrobn\u011b zpracovan\u00e1 ve studi\u00edch Marcela Le Glaye <em>Saturne africain<\/em> (1966).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdzkum Tanit dosahuje dnes vysok\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b. Sabatino Moscati, Maria Eugenia Aubet, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar, Lawrence Stager a Joseph Greene pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed autority. Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky v Kart\u00e1gu, na Motyi a na tunisk\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch pravideln\u011b p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00fd materi\u00e1l; pr\u00e1ce Roalda Doctera k topografii Kart\u00e1ga jsou v posledn\u00edch letech d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/p><p>V popul\u00e1rn\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00ed je Tanit zn\u00e1ma p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kontroverz\u00ed kolem tofetu; ot\u00e1zka d\u011btsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed siln\u011b formovala jej\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. V modern\u00edm Tunisku za\u017eila Tanit jako kulturn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> skromnou renesanci; &#8218;znak Tanit&#8216; se p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b objevuje v tunisk\u00e9 symbolice a severoafrick\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je Tanit dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1na za centr\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt studia punsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, praxe tofetu a z\u00e1padomediter\u00e1nn\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin. Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u011b\u017ei\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdzkumu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v archeologick\u00e9 anal\u00fdze kost\u00ed z tofetu, v ikonografick\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch znaku Tanit a v ot\u00e1zce berbersk\u00e9 komponenty.<\/p><p>iWell Guard uv\u00e1d\u00ed Tanit jako historick\u00e9ho \u010dlena <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>, nikoli jako sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho adres\u00e1ta ochrany. Duchovn\u00ed obrozen\u00ed v novopohansk\u00e9m smyslu nelze zaznamenat.<\/p><p>Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed studie DNA kost\u00ed z tofetu, proveden\u00e9 pod veden\u00edm Patricie Smithov\u00e9 a Gal Avishaie, ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee poh\u0159ben\u00ed v tofetu byli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b novorozenci a mal\u00e9 d\u011bti v prvn\u00edm roce \u017eivota, co\u017e je slu\u010diteln\u00e9 jak s kojeneckou \u00famrtnost\u00ed, tak s ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011btn\u00ed prax\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br shrnuje nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla k v\u00fdzkumu Tanit. Zahrnuje archeologick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o tofetu, historick\u00e9 synt\u00e9zy a edice n\u00e1pis\u016f. Moscati, Aubet a B\u00e9nichou-Safar tvo\u0159\u00ed klasick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Za z\u00e1vazn\u00fd uzn\u00e1van\u00fd soubor svat\u00fdch text\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">k\u00e1non<\/span>; Stager a Greene nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bioarcheologick\u00e9 studie. D\u00edlo Briana Doaka o f\u00e9nick\u00e9m anikonismu nab\u00edz\u00ed ikonologickou perspektivu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c64876a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2c64876a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2812fdfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2812fdfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tofet v Kart\u00e1gu a spor o d\u011btsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24230163 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp24230163\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp237be4e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp237be4e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma f\u00e9nicko-punsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 historie nen\u00ed tak sporn\u00e9 jako tofet v Kart\u00e1gu, \u010dtvr\u0165 na jihu m\u011bsta, kde byly po stalet\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1ny urny se sp\u00e1len\u00fdmi kostmi mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed a mlad\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p><p>Nad urnami \u010dasto st\u00e1ly st\u00e9ly s votivn\u00edmi n\u00e1pisy, mnoh\u00e9 z nich v\u011bnovan\u00e9 Tanit a Baal-Hammonovi. M\u00edsto bylo poprv\u00e9 vykop\u00e1no od roku 1921 a podle biblick\u00e9ho ozna\u010den\u00ed pojmenov\u00e1no tofet.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">Anti\u010dt\u00ed<\/span> auto\u0159i jako Diod\u00f3ros Sicilsk\u00fd a Pl\u00fatarchos hovo\u0159\u00ed o kart\u00e1ginsk\u00fdch d\u011btsk\u00fdch ob\u011btech Kronovi, \u010d\u00edm\u017e mysleli Baal-Hammona. Dlouho to platilo za doklad krut\u00e9 punsk\u00e9 praxe.<\/p><p>Od 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak badatel\u00e9 jako Sabatino Moscati a pozd\u011bji skupina kolem Jeffreyho Schwartze tento v\u00fdklad zpochybnili. Pouk\u00e1zali na vysokou kojeneckou \u00famrtnost v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 800 p\u0159. n. l. a\u017e 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">antice<\/span> a navrhli ch\u00e1pat tofet jako poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b pro d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 stejn\u011b zem\u0159ely p\u0159irozenou smrt\u00ed.<\/p><p>Opa\u010dn\u00e9 stanovisko, zast\u00e1van\u00e9 mimo jin\u00e9 Paolem Xellou a studi\u00ed v \u010dasopise <em>Antiquity<\/em> z roku 2014, trv\u00e1 na v\u00fdkladu o ob\u011btech. Op\u00edr\u00e1 se o votivn\u00ed n\u00e1pisy, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdslovn\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd slib u\u010din\u011bn\u00fd bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">slibu<\/span>, o chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 poh\u0159by dosp\u011bl\u00fdch a o v\u011bk kost\u00ed, kter\u00fd vykazuje v\u00fdrazn\u00fd shluk v ur\u010dit\u00e9m rozmez\u00ed.<\/p><p>Sm\u00edr\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1zor p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee tofet p\u0159ij\u00edmal jak ob\u011btiny na z\u00e1klad\u011b slibu, tak poh\u0159by p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b zem\u0159el\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. Spor nen\u00ed rozhodnut. Pro Tanit to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed kultovn\u00ed m\u00edsto je z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejtemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a nejv\u00e1\u0161niv\u011bji diskutovan\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem cel\u00e9 jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22ea3590 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22ea3590\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27d5519a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp27d5519a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Znamen\u00ed Tanit<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp287e5baf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp287e5baf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp263e6cbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp263e6cbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Na nes\u010detn\u00fdch punsk\u00fdch st\u00e9l\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na z kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9ho tofetu, se objevuje jednoduch\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span>, kter\u00fd badatel\u00e9 ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako znamen\u00ed Tanit.<\/p><p>Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se z troj\u00faheln\u00edku, na n\u011bm\u017e le\u017e\u00ed vodorovn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dka, a nad p\u0159\u00ed\u010dkou kruh nebo kotou\u010d. Konce p\u0159\u00ed\u010dky jsou \u010dasto zahnut\u00e9 nahoru, tak\u017ee celek p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 stylizovanou lidskou postavu s rozta\u017een\u00fdmi pa\u017eemi.<\/p><p>O p\u016fvodu a p\u0159esn\u00e9m v\u00fdznamu znamen\u00ed nepanuje shoda. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v n\u011bm vid\u00ed schematick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed samotn\u00e9 bohyn\u011b, jin\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> vznikl\u00fd z egyptsk\u00e9ho znaku \u017eivota anch, a dal\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00edsto nebo st\u016fl pro ob\u011bti a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u00fakony.\" tabindex=\"0\">olt\u00e1\u0159e<\/span>, ob\u011btn\u00edka a slune\u010dn\u00edho kotou\u010de.<\/p><p>Star\u0161\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed znamen\u00ed Tanit je do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry problematick\u00e9, proto\u017ee <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbol<\/span> se vyskytuje i na st\u00e9l\u00e1ch v\u011bnovan\u00fdch v\u00fdhradn\u011b Baalu Hammonovi, a proto nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n jen na bohyni.<\/p><p>Znamen\u00ed je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v z\u00e1padn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed, v Kart\u00e1gu, na Sardinii, Sic\u00edlii a v severn\u00ed Africe, a to zejm\u00e9na od 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Ve f\u00e9nick\u00e9 domovin\u011b je podstatn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o specificky punsk\u00fd, tedy z\u00e1padof\u00e9nick\u00fd jev.<\/p><p>\u010casto se objevuje spole\u010dn\u011b s dal\u0161\u00edmi znaky, jako je vzh\u016fru otev\u0159en\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed srpek, kotou\u010d nebo zdvi\u017een\u00e1 ruka. Kombinace symbol\u016f jsou badateli \u010dteny jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 obrazov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159esn\u00e1 gramatika v\u0161ak dosud nebyla zcela rozlu\u0161t\u011bna. Znamen\u00ed Tanit tak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejz\u00e1hadn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch symbol\u016f punsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26bfe79d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp26bfe79d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25c24eeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp25c24eeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit pene Baal a vztah k Baalu Hammonovi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2972f679 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2972f679\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bde9374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2bde9374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V punsk\u00fdch votivn\u00edch n\u00e1pisech se Tanit objevuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy v pevn\u00e9m spojen\u00ed s Baalem Hammonem, a to v\u011bt\u0161inou v po\u0159ad\u00ed, kdy je nejprve jmenov\u00e1na bohyn\u011b a pot\u00e9 b\u016fh.<\/p><p>\u010cast\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddomek, kter\u00fd charakterizuje bo\u017estvo nebo postavu.\" tabindex=\"0\">epiteton<\/span> zn\u00ed <em>tnt pn b\u02bfl<\/em>, \u010dteno Tanit pene Baal, co\u017e se p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako Tanit, tv\u00e1\u0159 Baalova. P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdznam tohoto spojen\u00ed je sporn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Jeden v\u00fdklad ch\u00e1pe <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddomek, kter\u00fd charakterizuje bo\u017estvo nebo postavu.\" tabindex=\"0\">epiteton<\/span> prostorov\u011b nebo kultovn\u011b: Tanit je ta, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Baala, tedy jako prost\u0159ednice nebo jako strana obr\u00e1cen\u00e1 k bohu.<\/p><p>Jin\u00fd v\u00fdklad v tom vid\u00ed teologick\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho je Tanit viditelnou, p\u0159\u00edstupnou podobou jinak vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho Baala Hammona. Dal\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed tuto p\u0159edstavu s biblickou p\u0159edstavou tv\u00e1\u0159e Bo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee bohyn\u011b v n\u00e1pisech \u010dasto stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed mu\u017esk\u00fdm bohem, co\u017e je na star\u00e9m Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b nezvykl\u00e9 a p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 Tanit v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v punsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>. Ve f\u00e9nick\u00e9 domovin\u011b je naproti tomu Tanit dolo\u017eena jen m\u00e1lo; jeden ran\u00fd doklad poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze Sarepty, jinak je p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b bohyn\u00ed z\u00e1padu.<\/p><p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed badatel\u00e9, mezi nimi Edward Lipi\u0144ski, spojuj\u00ed Tanit s nebeskou bohyn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145497\">A\u0161tartou<\/a> nebo v n\u00ed vid\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed podobu t\u00e9\u017ee postavy. Prameny zde neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1v\u011br. Jist\u00e9 je pouze to, \u017ee dvojice Tanit a Baal Hammon st\u00e1la v centru kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a byla spole\u010dn\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1na v tis\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1pis\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp215f657c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp215f657c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2952118e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2952118e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tanit po z\u00e1niku Kart\u00e1ga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp25c8d7c8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp25c8d7c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ac38a6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2ac38a6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zni\u010den\u00ed Kart\u00e1ga \u0158\u00edmem v roce 146 p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem znamenalo konec punsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tnosti, nikoli v\u0161ak konec <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> Tanit. V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 provincii Africa \u017eila bohyn\u011b d\u00e1l, ov\u0161em pod nov\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem.<\/p><p>Byla ztoto\u017en\u011bna s \u0159\u00edmskou nebeskou bohyn\u00ed a uct\u00edv\u00e1na jako <em>Juno Caelestis<\/em> nebo prost\u011b Caelestis. Septimius Severus, s\u00e1m poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze severn\u00ed Afriky, a jeho dynastie tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> podporovali, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e si ve 2. a 3. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu z\u00edskal stoupence po cel\u00e9 provincii a i mimo ni.<\/p><p>Tato kontinuita nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed jmen. V samotn\u00e9m Kart\u00e1gu vzniklo na m\u00edst\u011b star\u00e9ho punsk\u00e9ho kultu velk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u011b<\/span> Caelestis. N\u00e1pisy a votivn\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed trvalo nep\u0159eru\u0161en\u011b po stalet\u00ed, a\u010dkoli se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd jazyk postupn\u011b prom\u011bnil z pun\u0161tiny do latiny.<\/p><p>Definitivn\u011b tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> vytla\u010dilo a\u017e k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. C\u00edrkevn\u00ed otcov\u00e9 ze severn\u00ed Afriky, v \u010dele s Augustinem z Hippa, brojili proti Caelestis jako pohansk\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 bohyni. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 5. stolet\u00ed byl jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Kart\u00e1gu uzav\u0159en.<\/p><p>N\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to dlouh\u00e9 pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed historie spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ukazuje, jak hou\u017eevnat\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b, i kdy\u017e politick\u00fd \u00fatvar, kter\u00fd jej\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch ur\u010dit\u00e9mu bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> nesl, je u\u017e d\u00e1vno zanikl\u00fd.<\/p><p>Tanit nezmizela s Kart\u00e1gem, ale prom\u011bnila svou podobu a pod \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem p\u0159etrvala je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011bt set let, ne\u017e zmizela z n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u017eivota severn\u00ed Afriky.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Sabatino Moscati: <em>Il mondo dei Fenici<\/em> (Milano 1966)<\/li><li>Maria Eugenia Aubet: <em>The Phoenicians and the West<\/em> (Cambridge 2001)<\/li><li>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne B\u00e9nichou-Safar: <em>Le tophet de Salammb\u00f4 \u00e0 Carthage<\/em> (Rom 2004)<\/li><li>Lawrence Stager \/ Joseph Greene: in <em>Studies in the Archaeology of Israel and Neighboring Lands<\/em> (Atlanta 2000)<\/li><li>Charles Krahmalkov: <em>A Phoenician-Punic Grammar<\/em> (Leiden 2001)<\/li><li>Brian Doak: <em>Phoenician Aniconism in its Mediterranean and Ancient Near Eastern Contexts<\/em> (Atlanta 2015)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-tanit-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-tanit-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tanit je punsko-<em>kart\u00e1ginsk\u00e1<\/em> nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a spole\u010dnice Baal Hammona, jej\u00ed\u017e symbol s troj\u00faheln\u00edkem, p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdm b\u0159evnem a slune\u010dn\u00ed diskem je dosv\u011bd\u010den na \u010detn\u00fdch st\u00e9l\u00e1ch tofetu v Kart\u00e1gu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Tanit Kart\u00e1go F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u00e9 Tofet Baal-Hammon Juno Caelestis pene Baal.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tanit\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fenicane-a-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">F\u00e9nick\u00e9 kultury<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tanit-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tanit-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2853,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tanit Kart\u00e1go F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tanit \u2013 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Kart\u00e1ga, m\u00fdtus, kult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tanit je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u00ed punsk\u00e9ho Kart\u00e1ga, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed vedle Baal-Hammona. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"3","wesen_kultur":"phoenizisch","wesen_klasse":"goetter","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145499","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tanit \u2013 hlavn\u00ed bohyn\u011b Kart\u00e1ga, m\u00fdtus, kult<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tanit je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u00ed punsk\u00e9ho Kart\u00e1ga, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed bohyn\u00ed vedle Baal-Hammona. 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