{"id":145489,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:53","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145489"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:26","slug":"kumarbi-hurritsky-otec-bohu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kumarbi-hurritsky-otec-bohu\/","title":{"rendered":"Kumarbi \u2013 Hurritsk\u00fd otec boh\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145489\" class=\"elementor elementor-145489 elementor-2617 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kumarbi, hurritsko-hetitsk\u00fd otec boh\u016f a otec kamenn\u00fdch obr\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbi je hurritsk\u00fd otec boh\u016f a v hetitsk\u00e9m \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9m panteonu vystupuje jako v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, by\u0165 problematick\u00fd, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh. Podle n\u011bj nazvan\u00fd &#8218;Kumarbiho cyklus&#8216; popisuje genera\u010dn\u00ed posloupnost boh\u016f a obsahuje vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o kamenn\u00fdch obrech kolem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145493\">Ullikummiho<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145494\">Hedammua<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh hetitsk\u00e9 tradice.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-bohove\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie hetitsk\u00e9 tradice.\">Hetitsk\u00e1<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Otec boh\u016f.\">Otec boh\u016f<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kumarbi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kumarbi-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-kumarbi-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_kumarbi-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147344\" alt=\"Kumarbi \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z hethitsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_kumarbi-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_kumarbi-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_kumarbi-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_hethitisch_kumarbi.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-kumarbi elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-kumarbi\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-kumarbi\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-kumarbi\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-kumarbi elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-kumarbi\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbi je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za centr\u00e1ln\u00ed otcovsk\u00e9 bo\u017estvo <strong>hurritsko-hetitsk\u00e9ho<\/strong> panteonu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed a stru\u010dn\u00fd profil<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbi pat\u0159\u00ed k hurritsko-hetitsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 vrstv\u011b a je &#8218;otcem boh\u016f&#8216; (hurritsky <em>atte enna<\/em>) v hurritsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>. Volkert Haas ve sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci <em>Geschichte der hethitischen Religion<\/em> (1994) uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee hurritsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> se ve 15. a 14. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. hluboko vs\u00e1kla do hetitsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a Kumarbi jako otec <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145490\">Teshuba<\/a> z\u00edskal centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed.<\/p><p>Uvnit\u0159 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-bohove\/\">hetitsk\u00e9 tradice<\/a> je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159edstavitelem hurritsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 slo\u017eky.<\/p><p>Jeho n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd profil je ambivalentn\u00ed: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je tv\u016frcem a garantem d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du boh\u016f, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je po sv\u00e9m svr\u017een\u00ed Teshubem velk\u00fdm protivn\u00edkem boha bou\u0159e a podn\u011bcuje vzpoury prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kamenn\u00fdch obr\u016f a mo\u0159sk\u00fdch monster.<\/p><p>Daniel Schwemer jej ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Die Wettergottgestalten<\/em> (2001) v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b charakterizoval jako &#8218;padl\u00e9ho otce boh\u016f&#8216;. Tato ambivalence z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jednu z teologicky nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch postav starov\u011bk\u00e9 orient\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> v\u016fbec.<\/p><p>Kumarbiho cyklus je nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mytologickou kompozic\u00ed hetitsko-hurritsk\u00e9 tradice a pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edm pramen\u016fm starov\u011bk\u00e9 orient\u00e1ln\u00ed teogonie v\u016fbec. Jeho v\u00fdznam sah\u00e1 daleko za Anatolii, proto\u017ee obsahuje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed paralely k \u0159eck\u00e9 Hesiodov\u011b teogonii a od pr\u016flomov\u00e9 edice Hanse G\u00fcterbocka z roku 1946 je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho sv\u011bdka orient\u00e1ln\u011b-\u0159eck\u00e9ho mytologick\u00e9ho spojen\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Kumarbi je hurritsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu. Volkert Haas navrhl etymologii &#8218;ten z Kumaru&#8216;, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Kumar byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem. Alternativn\u00ed v\u00fdklad vid\u00ed v prvku <em>-bi<\/em> hurritskou adjektivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edponu; Kumarbi by pak znamenal &#8218;Kumarsk\u00fd&#8216;. Ob\u011b interpretace odkazuj\u00ed na p\u016fvod v podob\u011b m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho boha, kter\u00fd byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b teologicky zobecn\u011bn.<\/p><p>V kl\u00ednopisn\u00fdch textech se jeho jm\u00e9no objevuje jako <em>Ku-mar-bi<\/em>, ob\u010das logograficky jako DKUM nebo DNISABA (sumersk\u00fd b\u016fh obil\u00ed), co\u017e ukazuje na funk\u010dn\u00ed podobnost s vegeta\u010dn\u00edmi a obiln\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy. Tato identifikace s mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdm bohem obil\u00ed je z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska zaj\u00edmav\u00e1, proto\u017ee Kumarbi skute\u010dn\u011b nesl i funkce spojen\u00e9 s obil\u00edm a plodnost\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch textech je ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako &#8218;otec obil\u00ed&#8216;.<\/p><p>V ugaritsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed mu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 El, star\u00fd otec boh\u016f; i tam je konstelace &#8218;star\u00fd otec boh\u016f, mlad\u00fd b\u016fh bou\u0159e&#8216; centr\u00e1ln\u00edm teologick\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span>. Ve <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fenicane-a-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">f\u00e9nick\u00e9m<\/a> prost\u0159ed\u00ed vystupuje El v t\u00e9to roli tak\u00e9, by\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161inou ustupuje do pozad\u00ed za <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145496\">Baal-Hadadem<\/a>. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 etymologick\u00e1 souvislost mezi Kumarbim a Elem neexistuje; paralela je \u010dist\u011b funk\u010dn\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ikonograficky je Kumarbi obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b uchopiteln\u00fd. V Yaz\u0131l\u0131kayi, velk\u00e9 skaln\u00ed svatyni u \u1e2aattu\u0161e, se objevuje v hlavn\u00ed komo\u0159e A ve druh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b pr\u016fvodu mu\u017esk\u00fdch boh\u016f, za <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145490\">Teshubem<\/a>. Nos\u00ed dlouh\u00fd \u0159asen\u00fd od\u011bv, \u0161pi\u010datou bo\u017e\u00ed \u010depici a v ruce dr\u017e\u00ed \u017eezlo.<\/p><p>Na n\u011bkter\u00fdch pe\u010det\u00edch z Nuzi a Alala\u1e2bu se objevuje s obiln\u00fdmi nebo rostlinn\u00fdmi atributy, co\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeho charakter vegeta\u010dn\u00edho otce boh\u016f.<\/p><p>Jeho svat\u00e9 zv\u00ed\u0159e nen\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b dolo\u017eeno; v n\u011bkter\u00fdch textech se objevuje s b\u00fdkem, kter\u00fd ho nese na h\u0159bet\u011b, v jin\u00fdch s jelenem.<\/p><p>Volkert Haas to interpretoval jako doklad splynut\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi anatolsk\u00fdmi vegeta\u010dn\u00edmi a ochrann\u00fdmi bo\u017estvy. V hatticko-hetitsk\u00e9m standartov\u00e9m kultu z Alaca H\u00f6y\u00fcku se objevuj\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed jelen\u016f, kter\u00e1 by mohla b\u00fdt p\u0159i\u0159azena Kumarbimu, tato identifikace je v\u0161ak sporn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed obrazov\u00e1 tradice zobrazuje Kumarbiho se srpem; tento srp je v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fdm vykastruje sv\u00e9ho otce <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145492\">Anua (hetitsk\u00e9ho)<\/a>, podle textov\u00e9 tradice ho v\u0161ak ukousne, srp je a\u017e druhotnou obrazovou metaforou.<\/p><p>Paralela s \u0159eck\u00fdm Kronov\u00fdm srpem je n\u00e1padn\u00e1 a v komparativn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> je diskutov\u00e1na od G\u00fcterbockovy edice Kumarbiho cyklu z roku 1946.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbiovsk\u00fd cyklus (CTH 344 a dal\u0161\u00ed) zahrnuje n\u011bkolik text\u016f: &#8218;P\u00edse\u0148 o Kumarbim&#8216; (tak\u00e9 &#8218;P\u00edse\u0148 o kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na nebi&#8216;), &#8218;P\u00edse\u0148 o Ullikummim&#8216;, &#8218;P\u00edse\u0148 o Hedammuovi&#8216; a dal\u0161\u00ed fragment\u00e1rn\u011b zachovan\u00e9 texty. Standardn\u00edmi referencemi jsou edice Hanse G\u00fcterbocka (1946) a p\u0159eklady Beckmana a Hoffnera (<em>Hittite Myths<\/em>, 1998).<\/p><p>\u00davodn\u00ed text popisuje posloupnost boh\u016f: Nejprve byl kr\u00e1lem na nebi Alalu, kter\u00e9ho po dev\u00edti letech svrhl <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145492\">Anu (hetitsk\u00fd)<\/a>; Anu byl po dal\u0161\u00edch dev\u00edti letech svr\u017een Kumarbim, kter\u00fd ho zuby vykastroval a p\u0159itom se oplodnil Anuov\u00fdm &#8218;mu\u017esk\u00fdm semenem&#8216;.<\/p><p>Z Kumarbiho nitra pot\u00e9 vyrostli t\u0159i bohov\u00e9, mezi nimi <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145490\">Te\u0161ub<\/a>, kter\u00fd m\u011bl zlomit Kumarbiho vl\u00e1du.<\/p><p>N\u00e1sleduje Kumarbiho pokus z\u00edskat moc zp\u011bt pomoc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch monster: se dcerou mo\u0159e zplod\u00ed kamenn\u00e9ho obra <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145493\">Ullikummi<\/a>, kter\u00fd na rameni obra Upelluri vyr\u016fst\u00e1 a\u017e k nebi; zplod\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 monstrum <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145494\">Hedammu<\/a>; vypust\u00ed St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed bytosti.<\/p><p>Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech na konci zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed Te\u0161ub s pomoc\u00ed sv\u00e9 sestry \u0160au\u0161ga-I\u0161tar a kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho boha \u1e2aa\u0161ammilu (Ea).<\/p><p>V &#8218;P\u00edsni o st\u0159\u00edb\u0159e&#8216; (CTH 364) stvo\u0159\u00ed Kumarbi dal\u0161\u00ed bytost, St\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 stvo\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u016fl \u010dlov\u011bka, nap\u016fl miner\u00e1l, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 rozdm\u00fdchat kosmick\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Text je fragment\u00e1rn\u00ed, ale z\u00e1pletka sleduje stejn\u00e9 sch\u00e9ma: Kumarbi zplod\u00ed se smrtelnou nebo polobo\u017eskou matkou bytost, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 svrhnout Te\u0161uba, a tato bytost je nakonec pora\u017eena.<\/p><p>Tento opakovan\u00fd narativn\u00ed pokus vystihuje Kumarbiho tragiku: je velk\u00fdm otcem, kter\u00fd se vzp\u00edr\u00e1 b\u011bhu d\u011bjin a opakovan\u011b ztroskot\u00e1v\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m mocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm synovi. Z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska jde o pozoruhodn\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>: \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed osou vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nen\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e opakovan\u00fd pokus svr\u017een\u00e9ho patriarchy zvr\u00e1tit \u0159\u00e1d boh\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbiho hlavn\u00ed kult se nach\u00e1zel ve m\u011bst\u011b Urke\u0161 (dne\u0161n\u00ed Tell Mozan v S\u00fdrii), jednom z nejstar\u0161\u00edch hurritsk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch zalo\u017een\u00ed. Archeologick\u00e9 vykop\u00e1vky pod veden\u00edm Giorgia Buccellatiho a Marilyn Kelly-Buccellatiov\u00e9 zde identifikovaly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span>, kter\u00fd byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho \u00fakonu p\u0159ed\u00e1no svat\u00e9mu, a t\u00edm vy\u0148ato z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota.\" tabindex=\"0\">zasv\u011bcen<\/span> Kumarbimu. V \u1e2aattu\u0161e m\u011bl sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> jako sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho panteonu.<\/p><p>V hetitsk\u00e9m \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i pat\u0159il Kumarbi mezi bo\u017estva, jim\u017e byly b\u011bhem velk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch sv\u00e1tk\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eny <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span>, obvykle v\u0161ak a\u017e v druh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b po Te\u0161ubovi a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145491\">Hebat<\/a>.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed m\u011bl v hurritsk\u00e9m sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem &#8218;Velk\u00e9ho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed&#8216; (<em>itkalzi<\/em>) a p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00e9m ritu\u00e1lu <em>itkahi<\/em>. V \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9m kalend\u00e1\u0159i mu byl v\u011bnov\u00e1n sv\u00e1tek <em>(EZEN) \u1e2bi\u0161uwa<\/em>, v\u00edcedenn\u00ed slavnost, kter\u00e1 je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na v chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch invent\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p><p>Kn\u011b\u017esk\u00e1 organizace jeho kultu byla dvoud\u00edln\u00e1: hurritsk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly provozovali hurrit\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed (<em>kaluti<\/em>), hetitsk\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ly hetit\u0161t\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed dvojjazy\u010dnost je dob\u0159e dokumentov\u00e1na, zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky Joostu Hazenbosovi v d\u00edle <em>The Organization of the Anatolian Local Cults<\/em> (2003). Hurritsk\u00e9 sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed p\u00edsn\u011b byly p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161eny v hurritsk\u00e9m jazyce, i kdy\u017e jako b\u011b\u017en\u00fd jazyk byla hurrit\u0161tina d\u00e1vno nahrazena hetit\u0161tinou.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 prvky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbi nebyl klasick\u00fdm ochrann\u00fdm bohem jednotlivce; jeho funkce spo\u010d\u00edvala sp\u00ed\u0161e v kosmick\u00e9 a politick\u00e9 oblasti. V p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech a p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fdch textech se pravideln\u011b objevuje jako garant. P\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00fd ob\u0159ad <em>itkahi<\/em> spojoval jeho jm\u00e9no se jm\u00e9nem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145490\">Te\u0161uba<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145491\">Hebat<\/a> v jak\u00e9si bo\u017esk\u00e9 trojici. V hurritsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edse\u017en\u00e9 formuli byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako &#8218;otec boh\u016f&#8216;.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: o znamen\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvr\u00e1tit \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> byly v hurritsk\u00fdch magick\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny hlin\u011bn\u00e9 figurky zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed Kumarbiho a jeho potomstvo; ty byly symbolicky svazov\u00e1ny nebo poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ny, aby spoutaly povst\u00e1n\u00ed, nemoci nebo nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p><p>Tato praxe navazuje na tradici mezopotamsk\u00fdch apotropaick\u00fdch figurek a je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 ritualistiky hurritsko-hetitsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Volkert Haas p\u0159edlo\u017eil odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed edice text\u016f v d\u00edle <em>Materia Magica et Medica Hethitica<\/em> (2003).<\/p><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je Kumarbi p\u0159\u00edkladem teologick\u00e9 ambivalence boh\u016f stvo\u0159itel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 svr\u017eeni a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed. Modern\u00ed ochrann\u00e1 praxe se na jeho postavu neodkazuje. iWell Guard jej pova\u017euje za historicko-historickou postavu bez vztahu k aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edslibu l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p>V hetitsk\u00fdch sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edch kalend\u00e1\u0159\u00edch se Kumarbi ob\u010das objevuje jako p\u0159\u00edjemce zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edky, prosbu nebo \u00factu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bt\u00ed<\/span> z kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 pokladnice: st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch prut\u016f, vln\u011bn\u00fdch rouch, druh\u016f chleba a piva. Mno\u017estv\u00ed ob\u011btin je zaznamen\u00e1no v chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch invent\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a poskytuje informace o ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti hurritsk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho kultu. \u00daplnou edici t\u011bchto invent\u00e1\u0159\u016f vydali Tr\u00e9mouille a Pecchioli Daddi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Paralely s \u0159eck\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtem<\/span> o Kronovi jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00e9: stejn\u011b jako Kumarbi vyklest\u00ed sv\u00e9ho otce Anua a t\u00edm zplod\u00ed bo\u017esk\u00e9 bytosti, vyklest\u00ed Kronos sv\u00e9ho otce \u00darana a osvobod\u00ed tak Hekatoncheiry a Kyklopy.<\/p><p>Stejn\u011b jako je Kumarbi svr\u017een Te\u0161\u0161ubem, je Kronos svr\u017een Zeusem. Hans G\u00fcterbock vylo\u017eil tyto paralely ji\u017e roku 1946 jako doklad orient\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu na \u0159eckou theogonii; Walter Burkert se jimi podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdval v d\u00edle <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (1984).<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 v ugaritsk\u00e9m cyklu o Baalovi se objevuje konfigurace \u201estar\u00fd b\u016fh otec, mlad\u00fd b\u016fh bou\u0159e\u201c (\u00c9l proti <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145496\">Baalovi<\/a>); El zde v\u0161ak v\u016f\u010di Baalovi nevystupuje aktivn\u011b nep\u0159\u00e1telsky. Ve <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/fenicane-a-kartago-baal-tanit\/\">f\u00e9nick\u00e9m panteonu<\/a> pozdn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prehistorick\u00e1 epocha po dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9, charakterizovan\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm \u017eeleza.\" tabindex=\"0\">doby \u017eelezn\u00e9<\/span> tato postava siln\u011b ustupuje do pozad\u00ed a b\u00fdv\u00e1 zobrazov\u00e1na jako se\u0161l\u00fd patriarcha.<\/p><p>V akkadsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o Atrachasisovi a v En\u00fama eli\u0161 lze rozpoznat strukturn\u00ed paralely, by\u0165 bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 identifikace. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Kumarbi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm spojovac\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nkem mezi anatolskou, syrskou a egejskou theogoni\u00ed. Mary Bachvarov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (2016) podrobn\u011b rekonstruovala cesty p\u0159enosu theogonick\u00fdch motiv\u016f p\u0159es f\u00e9nick\u00e9 a severosyrsk\u00e9 mezistanice.<\/p><p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy Stefana de Martina a Massimiliana Marazziho se nav\u00edc v\u011bnuj\u00ed ot\u00e1zce, v jak\u00e9m vztahu je Kumarbi k mytick\u00e9mu motivu \u201ehory\u201c; n\u011bkter\u00e9 jeho p\u0159\u00edvlastky odkazuj\u00ed na horsk\u00e9 svatyn\u011b, co\u017e jej \u0159ad\u00ed mezi dal\u0161\u00ed anatolsk\u00e1 horsk\u00e1 bo\u017estva a ukazuje jeho zakotven\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch uct\u00edvac\u00edch praktik v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbiho cyklus je od G\u00fcterbockovy edice (1946) standardn\u00ed l\u00e1tkou starov\u011bk\u00e9ho orient\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky p\u0159edlo\u017eili Beckman, Hoffner, Mary Bachvarov\u00e1 a Volkert Haas. Bachvarov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (2016) obs\u00e1hle prozkoumala mechanismy p\u0159enosu mezi anatolskou a \u0159eckou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span> a uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee tyto p\u0159echody proch\u00e1zej\u00ed p\u0159es n\u011bkolik jazykov\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch oblast\u00ed.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edm Turecku a S\u00fdrii nen\u00ed Kumarbi t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u016fbec popul\u00e1rn\u011b recipov\u00e1n; hurritsk\u00e1 identita je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m obyvatelstvu prakticky nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 pozornosti se tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> dost\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v r\u00e1mci srovn\u00e1vac\u00edch studi\u00ed theogonie. Vykop\u00e1vky v Tell Mozan\/Urke\u0161i od 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily archeologick\u00fd obraz Kumarbiho kultu.<\/p><p>V\u011bdecky je Kumarbi dnes pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad genera\u010dn\u00ed posloupnosti v cyklech o boz\u00edch a za spojnici mezi stvo\u0159en\u00edm a konfliktem v starov\u011bk\u00e9m orient\u00e1ln\u00edm my\u0161len\u00ed.<\/p><p>Duchovn\u00ed obnova v novopohansk\u00e9m smyslu chyb\u00ed; postava je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ciz\u00ed a mytologicky komplexn\u00ed, aby nav\u00e1zala na modern\u00ed formy zbo\u017enosti. iWell Guard ji zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 jako historickou postavu bez vztahu k sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 praxi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Standardn\u00ed d\u00edla k v\u00fdzkumu Kumarbiho a k Kumarbiho cyklu jsou shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bna v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdb\u011bru; obsahuj\u00ed nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed edice, p\u0159eklady a historick\u00e9 synt\u00e9zy. Prvotn\u00ed edice Hanse G\u00fcterbocka z roku 1946 je metodologicky i filologicky st\u00e1le nepostradateln\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem; Beckman\u016fv p\u0159eklad zp\u0159\u00edstup\u0148uje text v angli\u010dtin\u011b.<\/p><p>Walter Burkert a Mary Bachvarov\u00e1 nab\u00edzej\u00ed nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenskosrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed studie k \u0159eck\u00fdm paralel\u00e1m, zat\u00edmco Schwemer systematizuje spojen\u00ed se z\u00e1padosemitskou a mezopot\u00e1mskou tradic\u00ed boha bou\u0159e.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ca1686f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2ca1686f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2217db0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2217db0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na nebes\u00edch a posloupnost boh\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp227df5c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp227df5c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e4d9ebc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2e4d9ebc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed text Kumarbiho cyklu nese v b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zev Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed na nebes\u00edch, nebo podle hetitsk\u00e9ho incipitu P\u00edse\u0148 o vzniku. Popisuje posloupnost bo\u017esk\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f.<\/p><p>Nejprve vl\u00e1dne Alalu, pot\u00e9 ho svrhne Anu, b\u016fh nebes, a u\u010din\u00ed z n\u011bj sv\u00e9ho sluhu. Po dev\u00edti letech se Kumarbi vzbou\u0159\u00ed proti Anuovi, pron\u00e1sleduje ho, chyt\u00ed ho za nohy a p\u0159i jeho p\u00e1du z nebes mu ukousne pohlavn\u00ed org\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>T\u00edmto \u010dinem Kumarbi ot\u011bhotn\u00ed. V jeho nitru dor\u016fst\u00e1 n\u011bkolik bo\u017estev, mezi nimi b\u016fh bou\u0159e <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145490\">Te\u0161\u0161ub<\/a>, \u0159eka Tigris a b\u016fh Ta\u0161mi\u0161u.<\/p><p>Text popisuje groteskn\u00ed, t\u011blesn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed porod, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e si bohov\u00e9 hledaj\u00ed cestu z Kumarbiho t\u011bla. T\u00edm je nastavena konstelace pro dal\u0161\u00ed mytologick\u00fd cyklus: Te\u0161\u0161ub se stane vl\u00e1dcem a Kumarbi se ho bude sna\u017eit svrhnout.<\/p><p>Religionistick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tohoto textu tkv\u00ed v jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti k \u0159eck\u00e9 H\u00e9siodov\u011b theogonii. I tam n\u00e1sleduje po \u00daranovi jej vyklestiv\u0161\u00ed Kronos a po Kronovi b\u016fh bou\u0159e Zeus.<\/p><p>Franz Dornseiff a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Hans Gustav G\u00fcterbock tuto paralelu vypracovali ji\u017e brzy a od t\u00e9 doby plat\u00ed za jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f vlivu starov\u011bk\u00e9 orient\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> na ranou \u0159eckou poezii.<\/p><p>Zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b prob\u00edhalo p\u0159es severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii a hurritskou kulturu. Text je dochov\u00e1n na hetitsk\u00fdch hlin\u011bn\u00fdch tabulk\u00e1ch z Chattu\u0161e a vych\u00e1z\u00ed z hurritsk\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp200442c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp200442c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2f9eb7fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2f9eb7fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kumarbiho synov\u00e9 proti Te\u0161\u0161ubovi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2db9e6fb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2db9e6fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c9926e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2c9926e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbiovsk\u00fd cyklus nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edm, ale \u0159adou p\u00edsn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v\u0161echny to\u010d\u00ed kolem stejn\u00e9ho konfliktu: Kumarbi se znovu a znovu sna\u017e\u00ed zplodit nebo stvo\u0159it bytost, kter\u00e1 by mohla svrhnout bou\u0159kov\u00e9ho boha Te\u0161\u0161uba. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z t\u011bchto pokus\u016f je P\u00edse\u0148 o Ullikummim, kamenn\u00e9 bytosti. Vedle n\u00ed stoj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed texty, \u010dasto dochovan\u00e9 jen zlomkovit\u011b.<\/p><p>V takzvan\u00e9 P\u00edsni o st\u0159\u00edb\u0159e je hrdinou bytost jm\u00e9nem U\u0161chuni, jej\u00ed\u017e jm\u00e9no znamen\u00e1 st\u0159\u00edbro a kter\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 Kumarbiho synem. Vyr\u016fst\u00e1, dozv\u00edd\u00e1 se o sv\u00e9m p\u016fvodu a ohro\u017euje \u0159\u00e1d nebes, dokud proti n\u00ed nevystoup\u00ed Slunce a M\u011bs\u00edc.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed text, P\u00edse\u0148 o Hedammuovi, vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o hadovit\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u0161e\u0159e, synu Kumarbiho a mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho bo\u017estva, kter\u00e1 hroz\u00ed pohltit lidstvo. Zde je to bohyn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145504\">\u0160au\u0161ka<\/a>, hurritsk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek I\u0161tar, kter\u00e1 Hedammua svou sv\u016fdnou silou uklidn\u00ed a t\u00edm ho zne\u0161kodn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto p\u00edsn\u00edch Kumarbi p\u0159edstavuje starou, svr\u017eenou generaci, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed znovu z\u00edskat vl\u00e1du, zat\u00edmco Te\u0161\u0161ub zt\u011bles\u0148uje zaveden\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Charakteristick\u00e9 je, \u017ee Te\u0161\u0161ub nikdy nedok\u00e1\u017ee nebezpe\u010d\u00ed odvr\u00e1tit s\u00e1m. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed lsti Eay, sv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed ze strany bohyn\u011b nebo prastar\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f z doby stvo\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Hetitsko-hurritsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> tak zobrazuje vl\u00e1du jako n\u011bco, o co se mus\u00ed neust\u00e1le bojovat a co je nutn\u00e9 h\u00e1jit proti opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se n\u00e1rok\u016fm p\u0159edchoz\u00ed generace. Tyto p\u00edsn\u011b byly shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny v Chattu\u0161e a jsou dnes, dopln\u011bn\u00e9 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1lezy z Anatolie, p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9 v edic\u00edch hetitsk\u00fdch mytologick\u00fdch text\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2276b230 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2276b230\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20c3d777 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp20c3d777\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kumarbi a jeho hurritsk\u00e9 pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2852a86a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2852a86a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp296dd614 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp296dd614\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbi je p\u016fvodn\u011b hurritsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>. Jeho hlavn\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edstem bylo severosyrsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto Urke\u0161, dne\u0161n\u00ed Tell Mozan, kde n\u011bmeck\u00e9 a americk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy pod veden\u00edm Giorgia Buccellatiho a Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati odhalily v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 hurritsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto t\u0159et\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. Ji\u017e ve velmi ran\u00e9 dob\u011b se tam Kumarbi objevuje jako m\u011bstsk\u00fd b\u016fh.<\/p><p>Hetit\u00e9 p\u0159evzali Kumarbiho i cel\u00fd mytologick\u00fd okruh z hurritsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z generace na generaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>. V hetitsk\u00fdch seznamech boh\u016f je Kumarbi p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n s mezopotamsk\u00fdm bohem obil\u00ed Daganem nebo se sumersk\u00fdm Enlilem. Tato ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed jsou v\u00fdmluvn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Spojen\u00ed s Daganem a s obil\u00edm nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Kumarbi m\u011bl krom\u011b role svr\u017een\u00e9ho bo\u017e\u00edho kr\u00e1le tak\u00e9 rysy boha obil\u00ed nebo otcovsk\u00e9ho boha. V m\u00fdtech je \u010dasto naz\u00fdv\u00e1n otcem boh\u016f.<\/p><p>B\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed diskutuje, zda hurritsk\u00e1 P\u00edse\u0148 o kralov\u00e1n\u00ed v nebi sama zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 star\u0161\u00ed mezopotamsk\u00e9 p\u0159edlohy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 prvky, nap\u0159\u00edklad posloupnost generac\u00ed vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edch boh\u016f, mohou sahat a\u017e k babylonsk\u00fdm nebo je\u0161t\u011b star\u0161\u00edm tradic\u00edm. Volkert Haas a Gernot Wilhelm zpracovali hurritsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v \u0159ad\u011b prac\u00ed a Kumarbiho v nich vyzdvihli jako kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavu.<\/p><p>Jist\u00e9 je, \u017ee Hetit\u00e9 s Kumarbim nep\u0159evzali jen jednotliv\u00e9ho boha, ale celou mytologickou vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed tradici, kter\u00e1 se p\u0159es hurritsk\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed nakonec roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila a\u017e do \u0159eck\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Kumarbi je tak kl\u00ed\u010dem k ot\u00e1zce, jak se starov\u011bk\u00e1 p\u0159edn\u00ed asijsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> dostala na Z\u00e1pad.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><ul><li>Hans G\u00fcterbock: <em>Kumarbi. Mythen vom churritischen Kronos<\/em> (Z\u00fcrich 1946)<\/li><li>Volkert Haas: <em>Geschichte der hethitischen Religion<\/em> (Leiden 1994)<\/li><li>Gary Beckman: <em>Hittite Myths<\/em> (SBL 1998)<\/li><li>Mary Bachvarova: <em>From Hittite to Homer<\/em> (Cambridge 2016)<\/li><li>Daniel Schwemer: <em>Die Wettergottgestalten Mesopotamiens und Nordsyriens<\/em> (Wiesbaden 2001)<\/li><li>Walter Burkert: <em>Die orientalisierende Epoche<\/em> (Heidelberg 1984)<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-kumarbi e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-kumarbi\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-kumarbi-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-kumarbi-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kumarbiovsk\u00fd cyklus poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z <strong>hetitsk\u00e9<\/strong> <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed z generace na generaci.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> popisuje svr\u017een\u00ed nebesk\u00e9ho boha a zplozen\u00ed kamenn\u00fdch obr\u016f, a proto se Kumarbi v historick\u00e9m b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed ozna\u010duje tak\u00e9 jako <strong>otec kamenn\u00fdch obr\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Kumarbi Hurrit\u00e9 Anu Te\u0161\u0161ub Ullikummi Hedammu itkahi Urke\u0161.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-kumarbi\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/hetitsko-anatolske-tarhunna-bohove\/\">hetejsk\u00e9 kultury<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-kumarbi-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-kumarbi-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. 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