{"id":145477,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145477"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:08","slug":"uni-nejvyssi-bohyne-etrusku","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/uni-nejvyssi-bohyne-etrusku\/","title":{"rendered":"Uni &#8211; nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b Etrusk\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145477\" class=\"elementor elementor-145477 elementor-2605 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uni - etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b, prot\u011bj\u0161ek Juno a H\u00e9ry<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni je v etrusk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b, man\u017eelka boha <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145476\">Tinia<\/a> a sou\u010d\u00e1st centr\u00e1ln\u00ed trojice Tinia-Uni-Menrva. Funk\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Iuno a \u0159eck\u00e9 H\u00e9\u0159e. Tento popis se v\u011bnuje jej\u00edmu religionistick\u00e9mu postaven\u00ed, jej\u00edm kultovn\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm a jej\u00edm rozmanit\u00fdm funkc\u00edm v etrusk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bohyn\u011b etrusk\u00e9 tradice.\">Bohyn\u011b<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/etruske-nabozenstvi-haruspex-disciplina-praxe\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie etrusk\u00e9 tradice.\">Etrusk\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a bohyn\u011b man\u017eelstv\u00ed.\">Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a bohyn\u011b man\u017eelstv\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uni-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uni-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-uni-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_uni-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147351\" alt=\"Uni \u2013 bohyn\u011b z etrusk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_uni-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_uni-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_uni-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_etruskisch_uni.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v etrusk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohy etrusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Spolu s bohem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145476\">Tinia<\/a> a bohyn\u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145478\">Menrvou<\/a> tvo\u0159\u00ed kapitolskou trojici, kter\u00e1 se stala st\u00e1tn\u00ed bo\u017eskou trojic\u00ed \u0158\u00edma, kdy\u017e Etruskov\u00e9 ve 6. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. postavili \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd Capitol. Uni nen\u00ed jen man\u017eelkou boha Tinia, ale samostatnou bohyn\u00ed s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi funkcemi.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Larissa Bonfante (<em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em>, 2006) a Jean-Rene Jannot (<em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em>, 2005) se Uni systematicky v\u011bnovali ve sv\u00fdch standardn\u00edch d\u00edlech. V\u00fdzkum posledn\u00edch 30 let jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed nov\u011b zhodnotil, a to nad r\u00e1mec pouh\u00e9 identifikace s \u0159\u00edmskou Iuno.<\/span><\/p><p>Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b Uni pat\u0159\u00ed k n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je pro <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 v\u00e1zanosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span> tak zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 proto, \u017ee zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi \u0159ecko-st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdm a italsko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm sv\u011btem tradice.<\/p><p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k jej\u00edmu b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od Massima Pallottina, Jacquesa Heurgona, Sybille Haynesov\u00e9, Maura Cristofaniho a Giovanniho Colonny. Jejich v\u00fdzkumy jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed samostatnou tradici.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f nebyl v\u016fbec neuspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Teologie<\/span> znala odstup\u0148ovan\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteon<\/span> s pevn\u00fdmi hodnostmi a jasn\u011b rozd\u011blen\u00fdmi \u00fakoly, a Uni v n\u011bm jako nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b zauj\u00edmala v\u00fdsadn\u00ed postaven\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco star\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce tento syst\u00e9m popisovaly jako tajemn\u00fd nebo ciz\u00ed, dnes v n\u011bm vid\u00edme samostatnou variantu st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci italsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin p\u016fsobili Etruskov\u00e9 jako prost\u0159edn\u00edci mezi \u0159eck\u00fdmi impulsy a formuj\u00edc\u00edm se \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Uni pozd\u011bji p\u0159e\u0161la jako Iuno do \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho kultu, dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 tuto zprost\u0159edkovatelskou roli, kter\u00e1 si zaslou\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed religionistick\u00fd z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Uni je dolo\u017eeno na mnoha etrusk\u00fdch n\u00e1pisech. Jako u \u0159ady etrusk\u00fdch teonym je jeho etymologie sporn\u00e1. N\u00e1vrhy sahaj\u00ed od &#8218;nad\u0159azen\u00e1&#8216; a\u017e k &#8218;jedin\u00e1&#8216;. Doklady shroma\u017e\u010fuje Helmut Rixovo d\u00edlo <em>Editio Minor<\/em>.<\/p><p>Mezi p\u0159\u00edvlastky Uni pat\u0159\u00ed Uni Aluseti, Uni Cupra (v Picen\u011b) a Uni Mater. Spojen\u00ed s Cuprou je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, proto\u017ee odkazuje na p\u0159ed\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd italick\u00fd typ bohyn\u011b. Bohyn\u011b pod podobn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny byly uct\u00edv\u00e1ny i v Laciu a Umbrii, co\u017e dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed typu Uni.<\/p><p>Z jazykov\u00e9ho hlediska zauj\u00edm\u00e1 etru\u0161tina zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed: je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za izolovan\u00fd jazyk nebo je \u0159azena do hypotetick\u00e9 tyrs\u00e9nsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 rodiny, k n\u00ed\u017e by mohla pat\u0159it i lemnij\u0161tina a r\u00e9t\u0161tina. Na de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed text\u016f pracuje badatelsk\u00e1 obec od 19. stolet\u00ed, ani\u017e by byla pr\u00e1ce dokon\u010dena, co\u017e ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159enou i ot\u00e1zku v\u00fdkladu jmen jako Uni.<\/p><p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed epigrafickou sb\u00edrkou etrusk\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho korpusu je Rixova Editio Minor; v n\u00ed jsou shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bny i doklady jm\u00e9na Uni. P\u0159ibyly k n\u00ed od t\u00e9 doby Thesaurus Linguae Etruscae a online datab\u00e1ze ETP, Etruscan Texts Project.<\/p><p>Ji\u017e ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, zhruba od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">starov\u011bku<\/span> se n\u00e1zory na p\u016fvod Etrusk\u016f rozch\u00e1zely: H\u00e9rodotos je pova\u017eoval za p\u0159ist\u011bhovalce z L\u00fddie, Dion\u00fdsios z Halikarnassu je pokl\u00e1dal za p\u016fvodn\u00ed italick\u00e9 obyvatelstvo. N\u00e1bo\u017eensko-historicky je to v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, proto\u017ee na tom z\u00e1vis\u00ed, zda etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, a tedy i bohyn\u011b jako Uni, souvisej\u00ed s maloasijsk\u00fdmi kulty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V etrusk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed je Uni zobrazov\u00e1na jako od\u011bn\u00e1, majest\u00e1tn\u00ed \u017eena, \u010dasto s diad\u00e9mem, \u017eezlem a paterou (ob\u011btn\u00ed miskou). N\u011bkdy nos\u00ed z\u00e1voj. Na etrusk\u00fdch zrcadlech se \u010dasto objevuje v mytologick\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch, mnohdy s n\u00e1pisem \u201eUni\u201c.<\/p><p>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na proslul\u00fdch desk\u00e1ch z Pyrgi (5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l.), kde je Uni ve dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Text vyryt\u00fd nebo vytesan\u00fd do pevn\u00e9ho podkladu.\" tabindex=\"0\">n\u00e1pisu<\/span> (etrusk\u00e9m a f\u00e9nick\u00e9m) ztoto\u017en\u011bna s f\u00e9nickou bohyn\u00ed Astarte. Toto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed je historicky pozoruhodn\u00fdm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p><p>Z hlediska religionistick\u00e9 fenomenologie je etrusk\u00e9 v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed nesm\u00edrn\u011b bohat\u00e9 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pramenem pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, a to i pro zobrazen\u00ed Uni. Zrcadla, v\u00e1zy, hrobn\u00ed malby a bronzy tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu na\u0161ich znalost\u00ed. Larissa Bonfante ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch zd\u016fraznila, \u017ee tato obrazov\u00e1 \u0159e\u010d je samostatnou tradic\u00ed a nikoli pouze odvozen\u00edm \u0159eck\u00fdch vzor\u016f.<\/p><p>Pro n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a p\u0159edstavy Etrusk\u016f o posmrtn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed hrobn\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed k prvo\u0159ad\u00fdm pramen\u016fm; zachovalo se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Tarquinii, Cerveteri a Vulci. Zobrazov\u00e1ny jsou hostiny, mytologick\u00e9 v\u00fdjevy i tanec a hudba, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e posmrtn\u00fd \u017eivot se zde jev\u00ed jako pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota pozemsk\u00e9ho.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografie<\/span> d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost v\u00edcepostavov\u00fdm kompozic\u00edm, vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edm n\u00e1znak\u016fm a symbolicky zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm obrazov\u00fdm v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00edm; i Uni se v takov\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch \u010dasto objevuje. Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to obrazov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di je p\u0159edm\u011btem etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 ikonografie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uni a desky z Pyrgi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>Desky z Pyrgi (objeven\u00e9 v roce 1964) pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pramen\u016fm k etrusk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Byly nalezeny v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> v p\u0159\u00edstavu Pyrgi (dne\u0161n\u00ed Santa Severa) a poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z po\u010d\u00e1tku 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l. N\u00e1pisy, psan\u00e9 etru\u0161tinou a f\u00e9nicky, dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed nadaci etrusk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le Thefarieho Velianase pro Uni-Astarte.<\/span><\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je tento n\u00e1lez nesm\u00edrn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd: Etruskov\u00e9 ztoto\u017e\u0148ovali svou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyni s f\u00e9nickou Astarte (A\u0161toret). Tato interpretatio etrusca dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 intenzivn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed kontakty a n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou v\u00fdm\u011bnu ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed. Larissa Bonfante se deskami podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvala v n\u011bkolika prac\u00edch.<\/p><p>Rozvinutou mytologickou vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed literaturu, jakou zn\u00e1me z \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, u Etrusk\u016f nenajdeme. M\u00fdty spojen\u00e9 s Uni mus\u00edme rekonstruovat z v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed, n\u00e1pis\u016f a zpr\u00e1v \u0159eck\u00fdch a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch autor\u016f. Tato nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 pramenn\u00e1 situace vy\u017eaduje metodickou obez\u0159etnost.<\/p><p>Mezi etruskou a \u0159eckou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span> existuje slo\u017eit\u00fd vztah. Etruskov\u00e9 p\u0159evzali \u0159adu \u0159eck\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy o Achilleovi, Odysseovi a Oidipovi, ale \u010dasto je vykl\u00e1dali vlastn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a kladli jin\u00e9 d\u016frazy. Tato tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed adaptace je p\u0159edm\u011btem intenzivn\u00edho badatelsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu.<\/p><p>K charakteristick\u00fdm rys\u016fm etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed boha a v\u00edry ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstava rady boh\u016f, consensus deorum. I nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed b\u016fh Tinia, s n\u00edm\u017e je Uni spojena v kapitolsk\u00e9 trojici, se rad\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi bohy, m\u00edsto aby jednal s\u00e1m. Z hlediska religionistiky je toto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed etruskou zvl\u00e1\u0161tnost\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uni jako bohyn\u011b man\u017eelstv\u00ed a matka<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni je man\u017eelkou Tinii, podobn\u011b jako H\u00e9ra je man\u017eelkou Zea a Iuno man\u017eelkou Iupitera. V t\u00e9to funkci je ochr\u00e1nkyn\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed, porodu a rodiny.<\/p><p>Od \u0159eck\u00e9 H\u00e9ry se li\u0161\u00ed siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm pozitivn\u00edm vyzn\u011bn\u00edm: \u0159eck\u00e1 tradice zn\u00e1 H\u00e9\u0159inu \u017e\u00e1rlivou a n\u011bkdy krutou str\u00e1nku, zat\u00edmco etrusk\u00e1 tradice zd\u016fraz\u0148uje sp\u00ed\u0161e jej\u00ed ochranitelskou a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed blahobyt str\u00e1nku.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>Tento rozd\u00edl je z religionisticko-historick\u00e9ho hlediska pou\u010dn\u00fd. Ukazuje, \u017ee etrusk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed boha a v\u00edry ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> byla samostatn\u00e1 a nebyla pouh\u00fdm obrazem \u0159eck\u00e9 teologie. Nancy Thomson de Grummond (<em>Etruscan Myth, Sacred History, and Legend<\/em>, 2006) tuto samostatnost podrobn\u011b rozpracovala.<\/span><\/p><p>Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd v\u011b\u0161teck\u00fd syst\u00e9m Etrusk\u016f, Disciplina Etrusca, se d\u011bl\u00ed do t\u0159\u00ed oblast\u00ed: v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z vnit\u0159nost\u00ed (haruspicina), v\u00fdklad blesk\u016f (fulguratio) a v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z pt\u00e1k\u016f (auspicia). \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 tento syst\u00e9m p\u0159evzali a udr\u017eoval se \u017eiv\u00fd a\u017e do 4. stolet\u00ed n. l. Podrobn\u00e9 popisy m\u00e1me od Cicerona a Seneky.<\/p><p>Disciplina Etrusca se vyu\u010dovala na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch kn\u011b\u017esk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Jej\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed bylo zaznamen\u00e1no v knih\u00e1ch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Libri Rituales, Libri Haruspicini a Libri Fulgurales. Tyto texty se nezachovaly, ale lze je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b rekonstruovat z citac\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch autor\u016f jako Cicero, Festus a Macrobius.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl siln\u011b v\u00e1z\u00e1n na jednotliv\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch center, tedy Tarquinia, Caere, Vulci, Veji, Clusium, Volsinii, Cortona, Perugia, Arezzo, Volterra, Populonia a Roselle, m\u011blo sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed kulty a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti, a odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem byla Uni na r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edstech uct\u00edv\u00e1na r\u016fzn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ritu\u00e1ly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni byla uct\u00edv\u00e1na v mnoha etrusk\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch chr\u00e1mech. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi kultovn\u00edmi m\u00edsty byly Pyrgi (p\u0159\u00edstav Caere), Veje, Tarquinie a Volsinie. <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">Chr\u00e1m<\/span> v Pyrgi byl v\u00fdznamnou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyn\u00ed<\/span>, kterou nav\u0161t\u011bvovali i f\u00e9ni\u010dt\u00ed obchodn\u00edci \u2013 proto se zde nach\u00e1zej\u00ed dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9 desti\u010dky.<\/p><p>Ritu\u00e1ly zahrnovaly <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Dar bo\u017estvu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00edk, prosbu nebo uct\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">ob\u011bti<\/span> (p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00ed krav), modlitby a proces\u00ed. \u017deny hr\u00e1ly p\u0159i ritu\u00e1lech zasv\u011bcen\u00fdch Uni d\u016fle\u017eitou roli. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch starov\u011bk\u00fdch kultur bylo postaven\u00ed \u017eeny v etrusk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti n\u00e1padn\u011b siln\u00e9.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 \u017eeny se objevuj\u00ed na hostin\u00e1ch vedle sv\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f a v n\u00e1pisech jsou uv\u00e1d\u011bny vlastn\u00edmi jm\u00e9ny \u2013 praxe, kter\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 pozorovatele udivovala. Kniha Larissy Bonfante <em>Etruscan Dress<\/em> (1975) tyto pom\u011bry dokumentuje na z\u00e1klad\u011b obrazov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span>, v nich\u017e m\u011bla sv\u016fj <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> i Uni, vykazuj\u00ed charakteristick\u00e9 architektonick\u00e9 rysy. Typick\u00fd je tzv. tuscansk\u00fd sloh, vlastn\u00ed sloupov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d, kter\u00fd popisuje Vitruvius ve spisu De Architectura. P\u016fdorysy zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed cellu a \u0161irokou p\u0159edn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od \u0159eck\u00fdch vzor\u016f.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> byly \u010dasto stav\u011bny monument\u00e1ln\u011b. Jupiter\u016fv <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m Kapitolu byl nap\u0159\u00edklad postaven etrusk\u00fdmi architekty a um\u011blci, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b Vulcou z Vej\u00ed. Proto\u017ee tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1m<\/span> hostil kapitolskou trojici, v n\u00ed\u017e m\u00e1 vedle Iuno sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto i Uni, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za architektonick\u00fd sv\u011bdek etrusk\u00e9 religiozity v ran\u00e9m \u0158\u00edm\u011b.<\/p><p>Ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b se svaz dvan\u00e1cti etrusk\u00fdch m\u011bst sch\u00e1zel u Fanum Voltumnae pobl\u00ed\u017e Volsini\u00ed, aby projednal n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 i politick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Spojeneck\u00e9 bo\u017estvo tohoto svazu byla Voltumna, jej\u00ed\u017e n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam p\u0159esahoval jednotliv\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 kulty.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 tradice a apotropaika<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni byla v ochrann\u00fdch kontextech vz\u00fdv\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v souvislosti s man\u017eelstv\u00edm, porodem, rodinou a ochranou m\u011bsta. \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e1 tradice mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto funkc\u00ed p\u0159evzala u Iuny &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad Iuno Lucina (Iuno sv\u011btla) jako bohyn\u011b porodu nebo Iuno Sospita jako ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b m\u011bst. Tyto funkce jsou etrusk\u00fdm d\u011bdictv\u00edm.<\/p><p>Apotropaick\u00e9 praktiky spojen\u00e9 s Uni zahrnovaly no\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch amulet\u016f (bully pro d\u011bti), um\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed soch Uni v dom\u00e1c\u00edch svatyn\u00edch a pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch formul\u00ed p\u0159ed svatbami a porody. Etrusk\u00e1 tradice bully je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm zdrojem pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 praxe.<\/p><p><span data-nosnippet>V etrusk\u00e9m ochrann\u00e9m lidov\u00e9m zvyku se objevuje mnoho odvracej\u00edc\u00edch znamen\u00ed: falick\u00e9 amulety, zobrazen\u00ed gorgoneia, o\u010dn\u00ed symboly, bully a ur\u010dit\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 formule. Obrazovou symboliku t\u011bchto apotropaick\u00fdch znak\u016f zpracovala Larissa Bonfante ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle Etruscan Mirrors, vyd\u00e1van\u00e9m od roku 1980.<\/span><\/p><p>Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed symboly byly pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed etrusk\u00e9ho \u017eivota, mezi nimi oko Tinie, falick\u00e9 amulety a gorgoneia. Zdobily <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba, kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1my<\/span> a hroby stejn\u011b jako dom\u00e1c\u00ed svatyn\u011b a osobn\u00ed majetek. V \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e tato praxe p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvala.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00e9 \u00fakony byly u Etrusk\u016f \u00fazce spojeny s Disciplina Etrusca. P\u0159ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm podnikem, a\u0165 \u0161lo o zalo\u017een\u00ed m\u011bsta, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed nebo stavbu domu, se prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Vykl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed znamen\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem pozn\u00e1n\u00ed skryt\u00e9ho nebo budouc\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">v\u011b\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed<\/span> zji\u0161\u0165ovala v\u016fle boh\u016f, na n\u00ed\u017e se pod\u00edlela i nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b Uni.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni funk\u010dn\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u0159eck\u00e9 H\u00e9\u0159e a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Iun\u011b. Souvislost je jak typologick\u00e1, tak historick\u00e1 &#8211; \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 tradice Iuny byla p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159evzata od etrusk\u00e9 Uni. Desti\u010dky z Pyrgi nav\u00edc dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed jej\u00ed ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed s f\u00e9nickou Astarte.<\/p><p>V religionistick\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed lze Uni spojit s dal\u0161\u00edmi nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi bohyn\u011bmi indoevropsk\u00fdch a st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00fdch tradic: s Inannou\/I\u0161tar (Mezopot\u00e1mie), s Isis (Egypt), s Frigg (germ\u00e1nsk\u00e1 tradice). My\u0161lenka nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eensk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span> jako man\u017eelsk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b a ochr\u00e1nkyn\u011b m\u011bst je ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1.<\/p><p>Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm interpretatio Romana byla etrusk\u00e1 bo\u017estva pojmenov\u00e1na \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny: Tinia se objevuje jako Iupiter, Uni jako Iuno, Menrva jako Minerva. Tato ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed zpravidla zd\u016fraz\u0148ovala jen d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed aspekty a byla jen z\u0159\u00eddka \u00fapln\u00e1. V\u00fdzkum posledn\u00edch pades\u00e1ti let odhaluje, kter\u00e9 etrusk\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti Uni si p\u0159i tom zachovaly svou platnost.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed formovaly rozmanit\u00e9 styky s anatolskou, f\u00e9nickou a p\u0159edoasijskou tradic\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b desti\u010dky z Pyrgi, kter\u00e9 ztoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed Uni s f\u00e9nickou Astarte, dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed f\u00e9nickou v\u00fdm\u011bnu. Toto st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 prov\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed je ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm polem v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p><p>V religionistick\u00e9m srovn\u00e1n\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed etrusk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 rodiny a je spojen s \u0158eckem, F\u00e9nici\u00ed, Egyptem, Anatoli\u00ed a Latiem. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Uni je na desti\u010dk\u00e1ch z Pyrgi spojena s Astarte, se \u0159ad\u00ed do tohoto propojen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pole v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>V\u00fdzkum bohyn\u011b Uni v posledn\u00edch 50 letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b prohloubil objev nov\u00fdch n\u00e1pis\u016f (Pyrgi 1964, dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1lezy v Tarquinii a ve Volsinii). Mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 badatelky pat\u0159\u00ed Larissa Bonfante, Nancy Thomson de Grummond, Marie-Laurence Haack a Anna Marina Moretti Sgubini.<\/span><\/p><p>V\u00fdzkum intenzivn\u011b diskutuje ot\u00e1zku &#8218;samostatn\u00e9 podstaty&#8216; Uni nad r\u00e1mec interpretatio Romana. Kde jsou rozd\u00edly oproti \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Iuno? Jak daleko sahaj\u00ed f\u00e9nick\u00e9 a \u0159eck\u00e9 vlivy? Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou p\u0159edm\u011btem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p><p>Etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a s n\u00edm i postavy jako Uni jsou dnes zkoum\u00e1ny mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b. Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pracovi\u0161t\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed univerzity ve Florencii, \u0158\u00edm\u011b (Sapienza), Pise, T\u00fcbingenu a Princetonu. Ro\u010dn\u011b se konaj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed konference v\u011bnovan\u00e9 d\u00edl\u010d\u00edm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m tohoto oboru.<\/p><p>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed dnes vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed metody: trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 skeny chr\u00e1m\u016f a hrob\u016f, datab\u00e1ze n\u00e1pis\u016f a obrazov\u00fdch pramen\u016f a GIS anal\u00fdzy struktury os\u00eddlen\u00ed. Tyto metody p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 poznatky, i k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Uni.<\/p><p>\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti je sou\u010dasn\u00fd etrusk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm v\u00fdstav, mimo jin\u00e9 ve Vatik\u00e1nsk\u00e9m muzeu, v Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia a v Boston Museum of Fine Arts, a tak\u00e9 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159ady publikac\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny a stav v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi prameny pro v\u00fdzkum bohyn\u011b Uni jsou desky z Pyrgi, etrusk\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy (Editio Minor Helmuta Rixe), etrusk\u00e1 zrcadla s doprovodn\u00fdmi n\u00e1pisy, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy z velk\u00fdch chr\u00e1m\u016f (Pyrgi, Veje, Tarquinie, Volsinie) a \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 druhotn\u00e9 prameny.<\/p><p>Hlub\u0161\u00ed za\u0159azen\u00ed do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/etruske-nabozenstvi-haruspex-disciplina-praxe\/\">etrusk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin<\/a> jako celku ukazuje, \u017ee Uni je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat ve vztahov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu s Tini\u00ed, Menrvou a dal\u0161\u00edmi Atua, nikoli izolovan\u011b. Toto propojen\u00ed je v\u011bdecky z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Prameny k etrusk\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jsou nesourod\u00e9: epigrafick\u00e9 doklady, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 v Editio Minor Helmuta Rixe, archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy, obrazov\u00e9 prameny a odborn\u00e1 literatura. Kdo chce Uni n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b uchopit, mus\u00ed tuto pestrost vyhodnotit nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d obory, a nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum systematicky spojuje filologii, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 minul\u00e9 kultury na z\u00e1klad\u011b hmotn\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f.\" tabindex=\"0\">archeologii<\/span>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vazby na v\u00edru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiku<\/span> a antropologii.<\/p><p>V\u011bcn\u011b spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 kritika pramen\u016f vy\u017eaduje stejnou znalost etrusk\u00fdch origin\u00e1ln\u00edch doklad\u016f i \u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 druhotn\u00e9 tradice. Tento dvoj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, pro udr\u017eitelnou historickou rekonstrukci Uni je v\u0161ak nezbytn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Kdo chce Uni d\u016fkladn\u011b za\u0159adit z n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00e9ho hlediska, mus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159ehled o epigrafick\u00fdch, archeologick\u00fdch a liter\u00e1rn\u00edch pramenech i o postupech modern\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vazby na v\u00edru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistiky<\/span>. Tato mnohovrstevn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza je ve v\u00fdzkumu pova\u017eov\u00e1na za standard.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29e08390 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp29e08390\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d2faa66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d2faa66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uni na bronzov\u00e9 jatern\u00ed desce z Piacenzy a v discipl\u00edn\u011b jatern\u00ed v\u011b\u0161tby<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp201b89ae e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp201b89ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2cad41c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2cad41c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pramen\u016f pro etrusk\u00fd sv\u011bt boh\u016f je tzv. Jatern\u00ed deska z Piacenzy, bronzov\u00fd model ov\u010d\u00edch jater, nalezen\u00fd roku 1877 v bl\u00edzkosti Piacenzy a datovan\u00fd do 2. nebo 1. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p><p>Povrch je rozd\u011blen do mnoha pol\u00ed, do nich\u017e jsou vyryta jm\u00e9na etrusk\u00fdch boh\u016f. P\u0159edm\u011bt slou\u017eil pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jako u\u010debn\u00ed nebo referen\u010dn\u00ed pom\u016fcka pro <em>haruspices<\/em>, etrusk\u00e9 specialisty na v\u011b\u0161tbu z vnit\u0159nost\u00ed.<\/p><p>Uni se na tomto modelu objevuje pod sv\u00fdm etrusk\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem a zauj\u00edm\u00e1 tak pevn\u00e9 m\u00edsto v syst\u00e9mu jatern\u00ed v\u011b\u0161tby. Uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jmen boh\u016f na jatern\u00ed desce se vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak, \u017ee vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed okraj je rozd\u011blen do \u0161estn\u00e1cti pol\u00ed, kter\u00e1 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed nebe do \u0161estn\u00e1cti oblast\u00ed.<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 oblasti byla p\u0159i\u0159azena jedna nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev. Z um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed odchylek na vy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch j\u00e1trech, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdr\u016fstk\u016f nebo zbarven\u00ed, odvozoval haruspex v\u016fli p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je Uni zaznamen\u00e1na na jatern\u00ed desce, ukazuje, \u017ee byla zapojena nejen do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> a chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho kultu, ale i do vysoce formalizovan\u00e9 etrusk\u00e9 v\u011b\u0161teck\u00e9 nauky. Tato <em>disciplina etrusca<\/em> byla u \u0158\u00edman\u016f vysoce cen\u011bna a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evzata; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Epocha \u0159eck\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 kultury, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b od 800 p\u0159. n. l. do 600 n. l.\" tabindex=\"0\">anti\u010dt\u00ed<\/span> auto\u0159i uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee etru\u0161t\u00ed haruspices byli p\u0159izv\u00e1v\u00e1ni je\u0161t\u011b v obdob\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Bronzov\u00e1 jatern\u00ed deska je tak kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o tom, jak \u00fazce byly u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/etruske-nabozenstvi-haruspex-disciplina-praxe\/\">Etrusk\u016f<\/a> spojeny sv\u011bt boh\u016f, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed technika a p\u00edsemn\u00e1 kultura. Mnoh\u00e9 v p\u0159esn\u00e9m fungov\u00e1n\u00ed jatern\u00ed v\u011b\u0161tby v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9, proto\u017ee se nedochoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00fapln\u00fd etrusk\u00fd u\u010debn\u00ed text.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24acd12c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp24acd12c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28834b61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp28834b61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zlat\u00e9 desti\u010dky z Pyrgi: Uni, Astarte a kontakt s f\u00e9nick\u00fdm sv\u011btem<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp238b6d61 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp238b6d61\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b1ceb50 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2b1ceb50\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span data-nosnippet>K nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm epigrafick\u00fdm n\u00e1lez\u016fm etrusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed zlat\u00e9 desti\u010dky z Pyrgi, objeven\u00e9 roku 1964 ve <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Pyrgi, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eelo k \u00fazem\u00ed etrusk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta Caere. Jde o t\u0159i tenk\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 pl\u00e1tky z pozdn\u00edho 6. nebo po\u010d\u00e1tku 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem, dva z nich v etru\u0161tin\u011b, jeden ve f\u00e9ni\u010dtin\u011b.<\/span><\/p><p>Pro bad\u00e1n\u00ed o Uni maj\u00ed tyto desti\u010dky mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee etrusk\u00fd a f\u00e9nick\u00fd text si obsahov\u011b bl\u00edzce odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed a tvo\u0159\u00ed tak dvojjazy\u010dn\u00fd m\u016fstek.<\/p><p>Ve f\u00e9ni\u010dtin\u011b je \u0159e\u010d o bohyni Astart\u00e9, v etru\u0161tin\u011b o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span> Uni. Z toho se usuzuje, \u017ee Etruskov\u00e9 v tomto kontextu Uni a f\u00e9nicko-z\u00e1padosemitskou Astart\u00e9 ztoto\u017e\u0148ovali, nebo je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm ch\u00e1pali jako na sebe navz\u00e1jem vzta\u017een\u00e9.<\/p><p>D\u00e1rce, vl\u00e1dce Caere jm\u00e9nem Thefarie Velianas, tak nechal zaznamenat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva zasv\u011bcen\u00e9 svat\u00e9 m\u00edsto.\" tabindex=\"0\">svatyni<\/span>, zjevn\u011b zasv\u011bcenou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factyhodn\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u011bnovan\u00fdch bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span> bohyn\u011b, kterou bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1pat v obou n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch sv\u011btech.<\/p><p>Desti\u010dky z Pyrgi jsou tedy nejen jazykov\u011bdn\u00fdm \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem, kter\u00fd p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed etru\u0161tiny, ale tak\u00e9 dokladem intenzivn\u00edho propojen\u00ed Etrurie se St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00edm. Ukazuj\u00ed Uni jako <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, kter\u00e9 hr\u00e1lo roli v obchodn\u00edch a kulturn\u00edch kontaktech s F\u00e9ni\u010dany a Kartaginci.<\/p><p>N\u00e1lez v\u0161ak z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00e1d\u00e1 k opatrnosti: ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed Uni s Astart\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed svatyni neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee Uni byla v\u017edy a v\u0161ude ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako Astart\u00e9. N\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed byla v\u00e1z\u00e1na na kontext a vypov\u00eddaj\u00ed v\u00edce o dan\u00fdch souvislostech ne\u017e o pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9 povaze bohyn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2e8b531d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2e8b531d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2a6973fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2a6973fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Uni, Tinia a Menrva: etrusk\u00e1 skupina boh\u016f a jej\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd v\u00fdklad<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp28816f2c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp28816f2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2bf64218 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp2bf64218\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni se v pramenech \u010dasto objevuje ve spojen\u00ed s Tiniou, nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm etrusk\u00fdm bohem nebes, a s <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145478\">Menrvou<\/a>. Tato t\u0159i bo\u017estva byla badateli opakovan\u011b srovn\u00e1v\u00e1na s \u0159\u00edmskou kapitolskou trojic\u00ed Jupiter, Juno a Minerva. Uni skute\u010dn\u011b v mnoha funkc\u00edch odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Juno a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed <em>interpretatio<\/em> ob\u011b bohyn\u011b ztoto\u017enila.<\/p><p>P\u0159i tomto ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed je v\u0161ak na m\u00edst\u011b metodick\u00e1 opatrnost. P\u0159edstava pevn\u011b ustaven\u00e9 trojice hlavn\u00edch bo\u017estev je v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9m kontextu dob\u0159e dolo\u017eena, nap\u0159\u00edklad chr\u00e1mem na Kapitolu. U etrusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je ot\u00e1zka, zda Tinia, Uni a Menrva skute\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159ili srovnatelnou, jasn\u011b institucionalizovanou trojici, m\u00e9n\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p><p>Bronzov\u00e1 jatern\u00ed deska z Piacenzy uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu bo\u017estev, ani\u017e by byla n\u011bjak\u00e1 trojice zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zd\u016frazn\u011bna. Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159edstava etrusk\u00e9 trojice je \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b odvozena z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9ho modelu.<\/p><p>Bezpe\u010dn\u011b je naproti tomu dolo\u017eeno, \u017ee Uni bylo <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span> prvn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, je\u017e m\u011blo svatyn\u011b v n\u011bkolika v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch etrusk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a bylo spojov\u00e1no s vl\u00e1dou, ochranou obce a mo\u017en\u00e1 i s kr\u00e1lovskou moc\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zobrazen\u00ed na zrcadlech, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obrazov\u00fd pramen etrusk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o bo\u017estvech dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>, ukazuj\u00ed Uni v r\u016fzn\u00fdch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad na zn\u00e1m\u00e9m zobrazen\u00ed, kde koj\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho Hercla, etrusk\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek H\u00e9rakla, a t\u00edm ho jakoby adoptuje nebo pozved\u00e1 k nesmrtelnosti.<\/p><p>Takov\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee Uni byla nad r\u00e1mec uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jako abstraktn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 bohyn\u011b zasazena do \u017eiv\u00e9ho vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00edho kontextu, ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9ho \u0159eckou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o bo\u017estvech dan\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span>, av\u0161ak p\u0159esto samostatn\u011b etrusk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Mythology<\/em> (2006)<\/li><li>Larissa Bonfante: <em>Etruscan Dress<\/em> (1975)<\/li><li>Jean-Rene Jannot: <em>Religion in Ancient Etruria<\/em> (2005)<\/li><li>Massimo Pallottino: <em>Die Etrusker<\/em> (1942)<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"iwg-bib-more\"><span data-nosnippet>Dal\u0161\u00ed standardn\u00ed d\u00edla v <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/literatura\/\">seznamu literatury<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-uni e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-uni\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-uni-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-uni-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Uni je etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a v historick\u00e9m b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed je uv\u00e1d\u011bna jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd <strong>prot\u011bj\u0161ek<\/strong> \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Juno a \u0159eck\u00e9 H\u00e9ry.<\/p><p>Slavn\u00e9 dvojjazy\u010dn\u00e9 zlat\u00e9 desti\u010dky z Pyrgi z pozdn\u00edho \u0161est\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem ztoto\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed Uni s f\u00e9nickou Astart\u00e9 a dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed tak sou\u010dasn\u011b, jak samoz\u0159ejm\u011b etrusk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> ch\u00e1pala sv\u00e9 postavy jako prot\u011bj\u0161ky sousedn\u00edch panteon\u016f. V kultu trojice na akropoli ve Veji tvo\u0159\u00ed Uni spole\u010dn\u011b s Tiniou a Menrvou vysok\u00e9 centrum m\u011bsta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Uni Etruskov\u00e9 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b Pyrgi Astart\u00e9 Iuno H\u00e9ra Tinia.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-uni\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici p\u0159enosn\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/etruske-nabozenstvi-haruspex-disciplina-praxe\/\">etrusk\u00e9 kultury<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uni-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-uni-ccb .jet-button__state-normal 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data-id=\"iwgw-uni-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-uni-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-uni-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2822,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Uni Etruskov\u00e9","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Uni - etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b, m\u00fdtus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Uni je etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a prot\u011bj\u0161ek \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Juno. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed s m\u00fdtem, kultem a prameny.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145477","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Uni - etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b, m\u00fdtus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Uni je etrusk\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bohyn\u011b a prot\u011bj\u0161ek \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 Juno. 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