{"id":145474,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145474"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:57:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:57:03","slug":"lono-havajsky-buh-miru-plodnosti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/lono-havajsky-buh-miru-plodnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Lono &#8211; Havajsk\u00fd b\u016fh m\u00edru a plodnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145474\" class=\"elementor elementor-145474 elementor-2602 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lono - Havajsk\u00fd vrchn\u00ed b\u016fh m\u00edru, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a sv\u00e1tku Makahiki<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lono je v havajsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jedn\u00edm ze \u010dty\u0159 vrchn\u00edch boh\u016f, atua m\u00edru, plodnosti, de\u0161t\u011b, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a velk\u00e9ho ro\u010dn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku Makahiki. Je bl\u00edzkou paraleln\u00ed postavou maorsk\u00e9ho atua <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145469\">Ronga<\/a>. Tento text popisuje jeho postaven\u00ed v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>, syst\u00e9m Makahiki a historicky slavn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s Jamesem Cookem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9.\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo m\u00edru.\">Vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo m\u00edru<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-lono-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-lono-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-lono-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_lono-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147366\" alt=\"Lono \u2013 b\u016fh z polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_lono-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_lono-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_lono-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_lono.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v havajsk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lono pat\u0159\u00ed ke \u010dty\u0159em vrchn\u00edm boh\u016fm Havaje, mezi kter\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed tak\u00e9 Ku, Kane a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145473\">Kanaloa<\/a>. Je atua m\u00edru a stoj\u00ed tak ve funk\u010dn\u00edm protikladu k Ku, bohu v\u00e1lky. V ro\u010dn\u00edm ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i se uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Ku a Lona st\u0159\u00eddalo: v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky dominoval Ku, b\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f sv\u00e1tku Makahiki dominoval Lono.<\/p><p>Valeri ve sv\u00e9 knize <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em> ukazuje, jak havajsk\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m institucionalizoval tuto strukturu dvou obdob\u00ed. St\u0159\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho a m\u00edrov\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed nen\u00ed jen kalend\u00e1\u0159n\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, ale je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed teologicky i politicky.<\/p><p>A\u010dkoli Lono pat\u0159\u00ed mezi \u010dty\u0159i vrchn\u00ed bohy Havaje a jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> byl pevn\u011b zakotven v ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm kalend\u00e1\u0159i, chyb\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> &#8211; podobn\u011b jako u p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 maorsk\u00e9 tradice &#8211; systematick\u00e1 doktr\u00edna a uzav\u0159en\u00fd syst\u00e9m u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p>To, co atua maj\u00ed z reality, z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed v proveden\u00ed: v karakia, na shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch na marae, v p\u0159ednesech whakapapa. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je tato na praxi zalo\u017een\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> pova\u017eov\u00e1na za samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos oboru; Mary Ann Boord a Edward Tregear ji systematicky zpracovali ve sv\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenskoetnografick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech Polyn\u00e9sie.<\/p><p>Kdo b\u00e1d\u00e1 o Lonovi, nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017e polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu: \u0159ada pramen\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z kolonialn\u00edho 19. stolet\u00ed a je zabarvena vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm mision\u00e1\u0159\u016f a etnolog\u016f.<\/p><p>Pr\u00e1v\u011b u Lonova <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultu<\/span>, kter\u00fd byl \u00fazce spojen s epizodou Cooka, se to projevuje. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum proto neust\u00e1le pracuje na dekolonizaci t\u011bchto pramen\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee stav\u00ed do centra polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 hlasy a kriticky zkoum\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed kategorie.<\/p><p>Postav\u00ed-li se polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed vedle jin\u00fdch domorod\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Oce\u00e1nie, Austr\u00e1lie a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, ukazuje se dvoj\u00ed vlastnost: v z\u00e1kladn\u00edch motivech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1padn\u011b konstantn\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 se p\u0159izp\u016fsobuje lok\u00e1ln\u011b. \u017de Lono odpov\u00edd\u00e1 maorsk\u00e9mu Rongovi a p\u0159esto z\u00edskal vlastn\u00ed havajskou podobu, je toho p\u0159\u00edkladem.<\/p><p>Toto pnut\u00ed mezi univerzalitou a lokalitou tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt v\u00fdzkumu pacifick\u00e9 religionistick\u00e9 etnologie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Lono etymologicky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 maorsk\u00e9mu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145469\">Rongovi<\/a>. Protopolyn\u00e9sk\u00fd ko\u0159en *Rongo znamen\u00e1 &#8218;zvuk&#8216;, &#8218;zpr\u00e1va&#8216;, &#8218;pov\u011bsti&#8216;. Na Havaji doch\u00e1z\u00ed k hl\u00e1skov\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b r na l. S\u00e9mantick\u00e1 souvislost mezi &#8218;zpr\u00e1vou&#8216; a &#8218;m\u00edrem&#8216; je na Havaji rozpoznateln\u00e1 stejn\u011b jako u Maor\u016f.<\/p><p>Lonovy p\u0159\u00eddomky jsou Lono-i-ka-makahiki (&#8218;Lono Makahiki&#8216;), Lono-nui-akea (&#8218;velk\u00fd, \u0161ir\u00fd Lono&#8216;), Lono-makua (&#8218;otec Lono&#8216;). Tato rozmanitost ukazuje odli\u0161n\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed d\u016frazy.<\/p><p>To, \u017ee je Lono vz\u00fdv\u00e1n pod n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00eddomky, m\u00e1 jazykov\u011b historick\u00fd d\u016fvod: takov\u00e1 bohatost jmen sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o \u00fastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span>, kter\u00e1 se region\u00e1ln\u011b bohat\u011b rozr\u016fznila.<\/p><p>Lingvistick\u00e1 hloubka maorsk\u00fdch a havajsk\u00fdch teonym je zdokumentov\u00e1na v lexik\u00e1ln\u00edch prac\u00edch Bruce Biggse a Hugha Clarka. Kdo chce pochopit p\u0159\u00edbuznost polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, nem\u016f\u017ee se tomuto v\u00fdzkumu vyhnout.<\/p><p>Lonovy p\u0159\u00eddomky jsou v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech v\u00edc ne\u017e pouh\u00e1 ozdoba. K\u00f3duj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed funkce a jsou pevn\u011b zakotveny ve formul\u00edch karakia. Tohunga, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed specialist\u00e9, p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bli, kter\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddomek se m\u00e1 vz\u00fdvat v jak\u00e9 situaci. Tuto p\u0159esn\u011b upravenou liturgickou praxi zkoumaj\u00ed Charles Royal a Pou Temara.<\/p><p>Jak\u00fd p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdznam p\u0159\u00eddomk\u016fm le\u017e\u00ed v z\u00e1kladu, je \u010dasto sporn\u00e9. \u010casto stoj\u00ed konkuruj\u00edc\u00ed etymologick\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy vedle sebe, ani\u017e by spolehliv\u00e9 prameny umo\u017e\u0148ovaly rozhodnut\u00ed. Modern\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vazby na v\u00edru.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistika<\/span> hodnot\u00ed tuto rozmanitost jako bohatstv\u00ed, nikoli jako nedostatek.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lonov\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm ikonografick\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> je Lon\u016fv prapor: dlouh\u00e1 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e1 ty\u010d s p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdm b\u0159evnem a b\u00edlou l\u00e1tkou (tapa), \u010dasto zdobenou svazky per. Tento prapor byl b\u011bhem festivalu Makahiki nesen z ostrova na ostrov. Jeho tvar p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 v pr\u016f\u0159ezu k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, co\u017e v roce 1779 vedlo k pov\u011bstn\u00e9mu nedorozum\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>S Lonem jsou spojena i prasata, tykve a n\u011bkter\u00e9 rostliny. Beckwith a Valeri tuto <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obrazov\u00fdch obsaz\u00edch a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografii<\/span> podrobn\u011b dokumentuj\u00ed. Dnes je Lon\u016fv prapor <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje ur\u010ditou p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> hawajsk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho sebeuv\u011bdom\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>V posledn\u00edch p\u011bti desetilet\u00edch pro\u0161lo \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed Maor\u016f a Hawajan\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm obrozen\u00edm. Cliff Whiting, Robyn Kahukiwa, Wright Bowman a Sam Ka&#8217;ai pat\u0159\u00ed mezi um\u011blce, kte\u0159\u00ed rozv\u00edjeli tradi\u010dn\u00ed formy i modern\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Atua, mezi nimi i Lono, se v jejich d\u00edlech objevuj\u00ed v mnoha podob\u00e1ch; jejich ikonografick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost tak sah\u00e1 a\u017e do sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed nelze odd\u011blit od jeho kosmologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 spir\u00e1la (koru), ka\u017ed\u00e1 ozdoba a ka\u017ed\u00e1 linie nese religionistick\u00fd smysl, stejn\u011b jako Lon\u016fv prapor se sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00fdm b\u0159evnem a svazky per. Roger Neich, Damian Skinner a dal\u0161\u00ed historikov\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed tyto v\u00fdznamov\u00e9 vrstvy systematicky zpracovali.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Festival Makahiki<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Makahiki byl nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem havajsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Trval p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce, od listopadu do \u00fanora (podle havajsk\u00e9ho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e). B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby byla v\u00e1lka zak\u00e1z\u00e1na, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 bytosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> Ku odpo\u010d\u00edval a vl\u00e1dl Lono. Na ostrovech se nosil Lon\u016fv prapor, ka\u017ed\u00e9 Ahupua&#8217;a (\u00fazemn\u00ed okrsek) p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161elo dary, po\u0159\u00e1daly se sportovn\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee a tane\u010dn\u00ed vystoupen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je Makahiki klasick\u00fdm do\u017e\u00ednkov\u00fdm sv\u00e1tkem, srovnateln\u00fdm s \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdmi saturn\u00e1liemi nebo mezopot\u00e1msk\u00fdm Akitu. Valerie Valeri analyzuje jeho strukturu jako \u201eritu\u00e1ln\u00ed inverzi&#8220;: b\u011bhem sv\u00e1tku se b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 hierarchie \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b obracej\u00ed, vl\u00e1dne m\u00edr a lid je host\u011bn dary.<\/p><p>Tak\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed spojen\u00e1 se sv\u00e1tkem Makahiki je t\u0159eba v\u011bdecky ch\u00e1pat jako s\u00ed\u0165 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vysv\u011btluj\u00ed a jsou v jednotliv\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch tradic\u00edch r\u016fzn\u011b akcentov\u00e1ny. Uzav\u0159en\u00e9 jednotn\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed zde pr\u00e1v\u011b neexistuje.<\/p><p>Tato rhizomatick\u00e1, s\u00ed\u0165ovit\u00e1 struktura stav\u00ed b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed metodick\u00e9 \u00fakoly, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 mu otev\u00edr\u00e1 hermeneutickou hloubku. Vz\u00e1jemn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 verze t\u00e9ho\u017e p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za rovnocenn\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty, nikoli za \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u00e9&#8220; \u010di \u201ezkomolen\u00e9&#8220;.<\/p><p>Tradice kolem Makahiki se aktivn\u011b p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00e1l, nejen vzpom\u00ednaj\u00ed &#8211; v Karakia, v projevech na Marae a ve v\u00fduce. Jsou tedy \u017eivou prax\u00ed, nikoli uzav\u0159en\u00fdm archivem. Jazykov\u00e9 programy pro Te Reo Maori a Olelo Hawai&#8217;i tuto \u017eivost za posledn\u00ed t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edlily.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lono a James Cook<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V lednu 1779 zakotvil James Cook se sv\u00fdmi lod\u011bmi v z\u00e1toce Kealakekua na Hawaji. N\u00e1hodou pr\u00e1v\u011b tehdy vrcholil festival Makahiki. Pravo\u00fahl\u00e9 konstrukce st\u011b\u017e\u0148\u016f, r\u00e1hen a plachet jeho lod\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaly Lon\u016fv prapor. \u0158ada hawajsk\u00fdch pramen\u016f i z\u00e1padn\u00edch pozorovatel\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee Cook byl skute\u010dn\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu \u00fakonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n jako vt\u011blen\u00ed Lona, nebo p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm jako bytost s Lonem spojen\u00e1.<\/p><p>Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je p\u0159edm\u011btem slavn\u00e9ho spor mezi Marshallem Sahlinsem (<em>Islands of History<\/em>, 1985) a Gananathem Obeyesekerem (<em>The Apotheosis of Captain Cook<\/em>, 1992). Sahlins h\u00e1j\u00ed tezi o ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed identifikaci, Obeyesekere argumentuje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrukt.<\/p><p>Z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9: Cook byl zabit 14. \u00fanora 1779 p\u0159i konfliktu, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pot\u00e9, co Makahiki skon\u010dilo a jeho neobvykl\u00fd n\u00e1vrat se teologicky nedal u\u017e za\u0159adit.<\/p><p>Epizodu s Jamesem Cookem, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159i sv\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edjezdu spojov\u00e1n s Lonem, lze pochopit jen tehdy, zn\u00e1te-li z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rys n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Maor\u016f a Hawajan\u016f: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> a v\u0161edn\u00ed \u010dinnost se zde vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prostupuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my odd\u011bluj\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 od prof\u00e1nn\u00edho striktn\u00ed hranic\u00ed, zde prostupuj\u00ed vztahy k Atua cel\u00fdm \u017eivotem. Touto religiozitou zakotvenou p\u0159\u00edmo v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed religionistick\u00e9 studie Masona Duriea, Charlese Royala, Lilikaly Kame&#8217;eleihiwy a dal\u0161\u00edch polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch badatel\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00e9 generace.<\/p><p>Jak t\u011bsn\u011b jsou ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe a v\u0161edn\u00ed den propojeny, lze vysledovat i v jazyce: pojmy jako mana, tapu, aroha nebo hauora pat\u0159\u00ed dnes k b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 angli\u010dtin\u011b Aotearoy a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se i mimo n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd kontext. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se maorsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> takto zapsala do jazykov\u00e9ho \u00fazu, dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 jej\u00ed hlubokou kulturn\u00ed p\u016fsobnost.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ritu\u00e1ly<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lono byl uct\u00edv\u00e1n ve vlastn\u00edch Heiau, mimo jin\u00e9 v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Stavba slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jednoho nebo v\u00edce bo\u017estev.\" tabindex=\"0\">chr\u00e1mu<\/span> Halulu na Lana&#8217;i. N\u011bkter\u00e9 Heiau byly \u201em\u00edrov\u00e9 Heiau&#8220; (Lono-Heiau), jin\u00e9 \u201ev\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 Heiau&#8220; (Ku-Heiau). Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed je v\u011bdecky pou\u010dn\u00e9: ukazuje systematick\u00e9 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch oblast\u00ed.<\/p><p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> Makahiki byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 specifick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek bohoslu\u017eby n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 obce.\" tabindex=\"0\">liturgie<\/span>, kterou dokumentuj\u00ed Pukui a Beckwith. Zahrnuje modlitby, tanec, dary a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd pr\u016fvod.\" tabindex=\"0\">proces\u00ed<\/span> s Lonov\u00fdm praporem. Roln\u00edci p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli praporu dary ze sv\u00e9 sklizn\u011b, \u0161lechta rozd\u00e1vala dary.<\/p><p>Polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u017eije p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na Marae a Heiau, tedy na m\u00edstech, kter\u00e1 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 shroma\u017edi\u0161t\u011bm i kultovn\u00edm prostorem &#8211; a pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011bhem m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f Makahiki byl Lono v\u00e1z\u00e1n na ob\u0159ady Heiau. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 Marae a ka\u017ed\u00e9 Heiau m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed Whakapapa, sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed tradice a sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vazby na Atua.<\/p><p>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Marae za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 Powhiri, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ust\u00e1len\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span>, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e Tangata Whenua slavnostn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 hosty. Nejde o ob\u0159adn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folklor<\/span>, n\u00fdbr\u017e o \u017eivou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bdecky pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeden z nejl\u00e9pe dokumentovan\u00fdch polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch uv\u00edtac\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p><p>Ve 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed se kultovn\u00ed praxe v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u011bnila. Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve hr\u00e1li kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli Tohunga, dnes ob\u0159ad \u010dasto nesou Kaumatua, tedy star\u0161\u00ed, a v\u00fdbory Marae. Z pohledu sociologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je tento posun pou\u010dn\u00fd; Manuka Henare a Mason Durie se mu v\u011bnuj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V ochrann\u00fdch kontextech je Lono uct\u00edv\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm m\u00edru a plodnosti. Zem\u011bd\u011blci, kte\u0159\u00ed se modl\u00ed za dobrou \u00farodu, se obracej\u00ed na Lona. I p\u0159i m\u00edrov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch byl Lono referen\u010dn\u00edm bodem. Tato praxe je dnes \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b o\u017eivena v r\u00e1mci kulturn\u011b-politick\u00fdch iniciativ.<\/p><p>V\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed slavnost Makahiki se dnes znovu slav\u00ed na n\u011bkter\u00fdch havajsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, v kulturn\u00edch centrech a v r\u00e1mci hnut\u00ed za suverenitu, \u010dasto jako symbolick\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. Tuto praxi je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat kulturn\u011b a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu ob\u0159adn\u00edmu postupu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span>, nikoli magicky.<\/p><p>Pokud jde o ochranu, vyplat\u00ed se v\u011bdecky rozli\u0161ovat: Z\u00e1padn\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, zlo odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuletu<\/span>, polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 pojet\u00ed naopak z p\u011bstovan\u00e9ho vztahu. Ochrana je zde poj\u00edm\u00e1na rela\u010dn\u011b a ritu\u00e1ln\u011b, magicko-kauz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek j\u00ed naopak v\u016fbec nen\u00ed vlastn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Kdo je ve vztahu k n\u011bjak\u00e9mu Atua, jako je Lono, a tento vztah udr\u017euje, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201echr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho\u201c. Ochranu p\u0159itom nezaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fa\u010dinek p\u0159edm\u011btu, n\u00fdbr\u017e kosmologick\u00e1 z\u00e1vaznost existuj\u00edc\u00edho vztahu. V n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 antropologii se tato my\u0161lenka ozna\u010duje pojmem \u201erelational ontology\u201c.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00e1 praxe je nav\u00edc oblast\u00ed, kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 tradice s modernost\u00ed. Aplikace pro chytr\u00e9 telefony s Karakia, online n\u00e1vody k ochrann\u00fdm ritu\u00e1l\u016fm a virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Marae ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 pro svou praxi nov\u00e1 m\u00e9dia. Tuto modernizaci je t\u0159eba ch\u00e1pat jako p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj, nikoli jako zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lono v r\u00e1mci Polyn\u00e9sie odpov\u00edd\u00e1 maorsk\u00e9mu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145469\">Rongovi<\/a>, tahitsk\u00e9mu Ro&#8217;o a je srovnateln\u00fd s D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r, Cer\u00e9s nebo Saturnem (v jeho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 funkci). Stejn\u011b jako oni zt\u011bles\u0148uje Lono kultivovanou rostlinu a spole\u010densk\u00fd m\u00edr.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je specifika Makahiki: institucionalizovan\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 obdob\u00ed jednou ro\u010dn\u011b je historicky pozoruhodn\u00e9 a v takto v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 podob\u011b je dolo\u017eeno jen v n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo dal\u0161\u00edch kultur\u00e1ch. Touto specifikou se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed Valeri a Sahlins.<\/p><p>Takov\u00e9 univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti systematicky zkoumali Joseph Campbell a Mircea Eliade. Jakkoli jsou jejich pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, je t\u0159eba je pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 souvislosti znovu promyslet, ani\u017e by se p\u0159itom sklouzlo k pan-globalizuj\u00edc\u00edmu zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed polyn\u00e9sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum klade velk\u00fd d\u016fraz na tento kontextov\u011b citliv\u00fd v\u00fdklad.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch Indigenous Studies se od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed systematicky zkoumaj\u00ed paralely mezi polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami a dal\u0161\u00edmi tradicemi p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f. Toto v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 pole z\u00e1sadn\u011b formovala maorsk\u00e1 badatelka Linda Tuhiwai Smith sv\u00fdm standardn\u00edm d\u00edlem <em>Decolonizing Methodologies<\/em> z roku 1999, jeho\u017e metodick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lono je p\u0159\u00edtomen v havajsk\u00e9 renesanci. Aktivn\u00ed jsou hnut\u00ed za o\u017eiven\u00ed Makahiki, za podporu havajsk\u00e9ho lun\u00e1rn\u00edho kalend\u00e1\u0159e a za p\u00e9\u010di o Lonova heiau. Lilikala Kame&#8217;eleihiwa a dal\u0161\u00ed havaj\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci pracuj\u00ed na n\u00e1vratu Lona do ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho pov\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/p><p>Debata Cook-Lono je p\u0159edm\u011btem mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed religionistick\u00e9 v\u00fduky. Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed za\u0159azen\u00ed do <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 rodiny<\/a> ukazuje bl\u00edzkou p\u0159\u00edbuznost Lona s Rongem a specificky havajskou podobu.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">Bo\u017estvo<\/span> jako Lono, spojen\u00e9 s my\u0161lenkou m\u00edru, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00edm a sv\u00e1tkem Makahiki, n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu, jemu\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed diskurz st\u00e1le v\u00edce p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 samostatnost a kter\u00fd ji\u017e nen\u00ed zneva\u017eov\u00e1n jako &#8218;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span>&#8218; nebo &#8218;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3r<\/span>&#8218;.<\/p><p>Pojmy jako &#8218;mana&#8216;, &#8218;tapu&#8216;, &#8218;mauri&#8216; a &#8218;whakapapa&#8216; jsou nyn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed odborn\u00e9 terminologie, co\u017e toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1. Jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje kontextovou citlivost, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u00e1.<\/p><p>Jak jsou polyn\u00e9sk\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultu\u0159e, v produkc\u00edch Disney, v turismu, v esoterick\u00e9 literatu\u0159e, je p\u0159edm\u011btem kritick\u00fdch debat. Kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed a kde doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo zkreslov\u00e1n\u00ed? Tyto ot\u00e1zky se v Aotearoa a na Havaji projedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016frazn\u011b a ve\u0159ejn\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkum a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k Lonovi poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od Marthy Beckwithov\u00e9, Mary Kaweny Pukui, Davida Mala, Valeria Valeriho, Marshalla Sahlinse, Gananatha Obeyesekereho a Lilikaly Kame&#8217;eleihiwy. Sahlinsova <em>Islands of History<\/em> a Obeyesekereho <em>The Apotheosis of Captain Cook<\/em> jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 texty debaty o Cookovi a Lonovi. Valeriho <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em> je standardn\u00ed d\u00edlo o struktu\u0159e havajsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p><p>Lono z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dovou referenc\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edho havajsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a jeho setk\u00e1n\u00ed s Evropou.<\/p><p>Dialog mezi polyn\u00e9sko-vnit\u0159n\u00edmi tradicemi pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a akademick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem dnes udr\u017euje \u0159ada instituc\u00ed: Royal Society of New Zealand &#8211; Te Aparangi, katedra maorsk\u00fdch studi\u00ed Auckland University, University of Hawai&#8217;i at Manoa a nadace Te Punga Tipu.<\/p><p>Tento institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klad zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee polyn\u00e9sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vych\u00e1z\u00ed i z Polyn\u00e9sie samotn\u00e9 a p\u0159esahuje pouh\u00e9 mluven\u00ed o Polyn\u00e9sii.<\/p><p>Mostem k glob\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdn\u00ed obor, kter\u00fd srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyzn\u00e1n\u00ed zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> jsou studie, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed polyn\u00e9skou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad nez\u00e1padn\u00ed religiozity. Jakkoli je tato srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed pr\u00e1ce metodicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 perspektivy pro ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed jako kulturn\u00edho jevu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d3003bc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d3003bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp29fa8a39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp29fa8a39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kontroverze Sahlins-Obeyesekere: Lono a hranice etnografick\u00e9 interpretace<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2643cac5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2643cac5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22515bb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp22515bb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>M\u00e1lokter\u00e1 postava havajsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed je tak \u00fazce spojena s v\u011bdeck\u00fdm sporem jako <em>Lono<\/em>. V centru stoj\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, jakou roli hr\u00e1l Lono p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edjezdu britsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159eplavce Jamese Cooka, kter\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku 1779 p\u0159ist\u00e1l na Havaji b\u011bhem <em>Makahiki<\/em>, velk\u00e9ho sv\u00e1tku \u00farody a m\u00edru, a byl tam o n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji zabit.<\/p><p>Americk\u00fd antropolog Marshall Sahlins zast\u00e1val v n\u011bkolika prac\u00edch z 80. let tezi, \u017ee Havajan\u00e9 Cooka za\u0159adili do mytologick\u00e9ho sch\u00e9matu Lona.<\/p><p>Jeho p\u0159\u00edjezd b\u011bhem Lonova sv\u00e1tku, jeho trasa a jeho chov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u00eddaly kulturn\u011b p\u0159edem dan\u00fdm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm, tak\u017ee ho Havajan\u00e9 ch\u00e1pali jako manifestaci nebo n\u00e1vrat atua. Sahlins pou\u017eil tento p\u0159\u00edpad na podporu sv\u00e9ho \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho argumentu, \u017ee se historie a kulturn\u00ed struktura vz\u00e1jemn\u011b prostupuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Antropolog Gananath Obeyesekere, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze Sr\u00ed Lanky, s t\u00edm v roce 1992 d\u016frazn\u011b nesouhlasil. Vytkl Sahlinsovu v\u00fdkladu, \u017ee opakuje koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a \u0159\u00e1du sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span>, toti\u017e lichotivou evropskou p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee b\u00edl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za boha.<\/p><p>Obeyesekere argumentoval, \u017ee Havajan\u00e9 zach\u00e1zeli s Cookem jako s mocn\u00fdm n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem a cizincem, nikoli jako s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvem<\/span>, a \u017ee zbo\u017e\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je dodate\u010dnou evropskou konstrukc\u00ed. Sahlins na to v roce 1995 odpov\u011bd\u011bl rozs\u00e1hlou reakc\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e znovu pro\u0161el havajsk\u00e9 i ran\u00e9 prameny.<\/p><p>Kontroverze nen\u00ed dosud definitivn\u011b rozhodnuta, a pr\u00e1v\u011b to ji \u010din\u00ed pro popis Lona instruktivn\u00ed. Ukazuje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm, jak \u00fazk\u00e1 a jak evropsky filtrovan\u00e1 je pramenn\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna.<\/p><p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny ran\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od lodn\u00edch pos\u00e1dek, havajsk\u00e1 p\u00edsemn\u00e1 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed se objevuj\u00ed a\u017e o des\u00edtky let pozd\u011bji a jsou samy ovlivn\u011bny misi\u00ed a d\u011bjepisectv\u00edm. Ukazuje tak\u00e9, \u017ee ot\u00e1zka, \u010demu histori\u010dt\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i skute\u010dn\u011b v\u011b\u0159ili, je metodicky mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji zodpov\u011bditeln\u00e1, ne\u017e nazna\u010duj\u00ed popul\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdklady.<\/p><p>Pro seri\u00f3zn\u00ed pojedn\u00e1n\u00ed o Lonovi to znamen\u00e1 prezentovat Cookovu epizodu jako sporn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, na n\u011bm\u017e se ukazuj\u00ed metodick\u00e9 hranice etnografie, a nikoli ji vyd\u00e1vat za prok\u00e1zan\u00fd n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fd fakt. V\u011bdecky dolo\u017eiteln\u00fdm j\u00e1drem z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 spojen\u00ed Lona s de\u0161t\u011bm, plodnost\u00ed a kalend\u00e1\u0159em Makahiki, nez\u00e1visle na ot\u00e1zce Cooka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Martha Beckwith: <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940)<\/li><li>Valerio Valeri: <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em> (1985)<\/li><li>Marshall Sahlins: <em>Islands of History<\/em> (1985)<\/li><li>Gananath Obeyesekere: <em>The Apotheosis of Captain Cook<\/em> (1992)<\/li><li>Lilikala Kame&#8217;eleihiwa: <em>Native Land and Foreign Desires<\/em> (1992)<\/li><li>David Malo: <em>Hawaiian Antiquities<\/em> (1898)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-lono e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-lono\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-lono-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-lono-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jako <strong>vrchn\u00ed b\u016fh<\/strong> m\u00edru, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho sv\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed Makahiki zauj\u00edm\u00e1 Lono \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto v hawajsk\u00e9m <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span> a tvo\u0159\u00ed protip\u00f3l k v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9mu bohu Ku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Lono Havaj Makahiki James Cook Lonova vlajka p\u0159\u00edbuznost s Rongem b\u016fh m\u00edru.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-lono\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ M\u0101or\u016f<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-lono-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-lono-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 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data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-lono-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-lono-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2712,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Lono Havaj Makahiki","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Lono - Havajsk\u00fd b\u016fh m\u00edru, m\u00fdtus","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Lono je havajsk\u00fd vrchn\u00ed b\u016fh m\u00edru a patron sv\u00e1tku Makahiki. 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