{"id":145469,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:42","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145469"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:52","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:52","slug":"rongo-buh-miru-batat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/rongo-buh-miru-batat\/","title":{"rendered":"Rongo &#8211; maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh m\u00edru a sladk\u00fdch brambor"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145469\" class=\"elementor elementor-145469 elementor-2597 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rongo - maorsk\u00fd \u00e1tua m\u00edru, kultivovan\u00fdch rostlin a diplomacie<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo, \u010dasto roz\u0161i\u0159ovan\u00fd na Rongomatane nebo Rongo-marae-roa, je v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Maor\u016f pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u00e1tua m\u00edru, kultivovan\u00fdch plodin &#8211; zejm\u00e9na sladk\u00e9 brambory (kumary) &#8211; a diplomatick\u00e9ho sm\u00edru.<\/p><p>Stoj\u00ed v protikladu ke sv\u00e9mu bratru Tu Matauengovi a je spjat s kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi ritu\u00e1ly zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00farody a uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text popisuje jeho religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, ikonografick\u00e9 stopy a jeho roli v maorsk\u00e9m ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maori.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maori.\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maori<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bo\u017estvo m\u00edru a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.\">Bo\u017estvo m\u00edru a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-rongo-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-rongo-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-rongo-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_rongo-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147364\" alt=\"Rongo \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_rongo-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_rongo-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_rongo-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_rongo.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-rongo elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-rongo\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-rongo\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-rongo\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-rongo elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-rongo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za <strong>maorsk\u00e9ho \u00e1tua<\/strong> m\u00edru a kultivovan\u00fdch rostlin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-rongo elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-rongo\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-rongo\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-rongo\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-rongo elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-rongo\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo, <strong>maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh m\u00edru<\/strong>, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za d\u00e1rce kultivovan\u00fdch rostlin a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed diplomacie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo pat\u0159\u00ed k syn\u016fm Ranginuiho a Papatuanuku, a tedy ke generaci velk\u00fdch \u00e1tua. Na rozd\u00edl od <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tane-mahuta-buh-lesu-maoru\/\">Tane Mahuty<\/a> (les), <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145467\">Tangaroy<\/a> (mo\u0159e) nebo <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145468\">Tu Matauengy<\/a> (v\u00e1lka) nen\u00ed jeho oblast\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v \u00fazk\u00e9m smyslu, n\u00fdbr\u017e kultivovan\u00e1 rostlina a spole\u010densk\u00fd m\u00edr.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee Rongo zauj\u00edmal \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed postaven\u00ed v ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b, a\u010dkoliv v narativn\u00ed literatu\u0159e vystupuje m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto ne\u017e jeho brat\u0159i.<\/p><p>Religionisticky je to zaj\u00edmav\u00e9: bohov\u00e9 s vysokou kultovn\u00ed prominenc\u00ed nejsou nutn\u011b ti s nejbohat\u0161\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boz\u00edch v dan\u00e9 kultu\u0159e.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologi\u00ed<\/span>. Rongo zt\u011bles\u0148uje &#8218;tich\u00e9&#8216; <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, jeho\u017e v\u00fdznam je prim\u00e1rn\u011b <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu \u00fakonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/span>. Kulturn\u00ed opora maorsk\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kumary jej \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdm.<\/p><p>V panpolyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 perspektiv\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Rongo havajsk\u00e9mu <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145474\">Lonovi<\/a>, jednomu ze \u010dty\u0159 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch boh\u016f Havaje, kter\u00e9mu je rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159i\u0159azen m\u00edr a plodnost. Beckwith (<em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em>, 1940) dokumentuje tuto \u00fazkou shodu. V havajsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu je v\u0161ak Lono institucionalizov\u00e1n v\u00fdrazn\u011bji ne\u017e Rongo v Aotearoa.<\/p><p>Kdo chce Rongovi porozum\u011bt, mus\u00ed nejprve vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee maorsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> netvo\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fd u\u010debn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Neexistuje fixn\u00ed doktr\u00edna, v n\u00ed\u017e by \u00e1tua jako b\u016fh m\u00edru dostal p\u0159i\u0159azeno sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto.<\/p><p>Jeho skute\u010dnost se odhaluje sp\u00ed\u0161e v prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed: v pron\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 karakia, v jedn\u00e1n\u00edch na marae, v recitac\u00edch whakapapa, kter\u00e9 o\u017eivuj\u00ed genealogie. V\u011bdecky se tato na praxi zalo\u017een\u00e1 forma <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> pova\u017euje za samostatn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos oboru; Mary Ann Boord a Edward Tregear ji systematicky popsali ve sv\u00fdch religionisticko-etnografick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech Polyn\u00e9sie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo znamen\u00e1 v maor\u0161tin\u011b &#8218;zvuk&#8216;, &#8218;pov\u011bsti&#8216;, &#8218;zpr\u00e1va&#8216;, &#8218;sd\u011blen\u00ed&#8216;. V p\u0159\u00eddomc\u00edch jako Rongomatane se prvek matane p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako &#8218;m\u00edr&#8216;; Rongo-marae-roa znamen\u00e1 &#8218;Rongo dlouh\u00e9ho marae&#8216;. Spojen\u00ed &#8218;zvuku\/zpr\u00e1vy&#8216; a &#8218;m\u00edru&#8216; je s\u00e9manticky zaj\u00edmav\u00e9.<\/p><p>Bruce Biggs to vykl\u00e1d\u00e1 tak, \u017ee k urovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch konflikt\u016f doch\u00e1z\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u0159e\u010di, poselstv\u00ed a vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed &#8211; Rongo je tak patronem diplomacie.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00eddomky jsou Rongo-ma-Tane (Rongo spole\u010dn\u011b s Tane ve sd\u00edlen\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00ed oblasti), Rongo-i-amo (Rongo, kter\u00fd je nesen), Rongo-hirea (Rongo pol\u00ed). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 varianta zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ur\u010ditou funkci. Mno\u017estv\u00ed jmen ukazuje teologickou \u017eivost t\u00e9to postavy nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d region\u00e1ln\u00edmi tradicemi iwi.<\/p><p>V panpolyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 perspektiv\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 Rongo etymologicky havajsk\u00e9mu Lono (zm\u011bna r na l), tahitsk\u00e9mu Ro&#8217;o, samojsk\u00e9mu Logo a ton\u017esk\u00e9mu Longo. Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 protopolyn\u00e9sk\u00fd ko\u0159en a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postaven\u00ed bo\u017estva m\u00edru a plodnosti v cel\u00e9m polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9m jazykov\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p><p>To, \u017ee je Rongo vz\u00fdv\u00e1n pod \u0159adou p\u0159\u00eddomk\u016f, nen\u00ed z jazykov\u011bdn\u00e9ho hlediska n\u00e1hoda, n\u00fdbr\u017e znak \u00fastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>, kter\u00e1 se v jednotliv\u00fdch regionech samostatn\u011b rozv\u00edjela.<\/p><p>Lingvistick\u00e1 hloubka takov\u00fdch maorsk\u00fdch a havajsk\u00fdch teonym je zaznamen\u00e1na v lexikografick\u00fdch prac\u00edch Bruce Biggse a Hugh Clarka. Kdo chce pochopit p\u0159\u00edbuznost mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdmi jazyky, se t\u00e9to badatelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci nevyhne.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo je v um\u011bn\u00ed Maor\u016f z\u0159\u00eddka zobrazov\u00e1n jako samostatn\u00e1 postava. Symbolicky je spojen s kumarou, sladk\u00fdm bramborem, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsadba a sklize\u0148 strukturovaly zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd ro\u010dn\u00ed rytmus. Kumara je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch iwi ozna\u010dov\u00e1na jako &#8218;d\u00edt\u011b Ronga&#8216;, co\u017e vyjad\u0159uje \u00fazk\u00e9 mytologick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na \u0159ezb\u00e1ch marae m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Rongovi v\u011bnov\u00e1n sloup, \u010dasto rozpoznateln\u00fd podle klidn\u00e9, sed\u00edc\u00ed polohy na rozd\u00edl od bojovn\u00e9 p\u00f3zy Tua. V ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch souvislostech je hl\u00edza kumary v misce mo\u017en\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnosti. Tak\u00e9 whata, vyv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd sklad na potraviny, je s Rongem spojov\u00e1n.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best (<em>Maori Agriculture<\/em>, 1925) popisuje uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed kamen\u016f na okraji n\u011bkter\u00fdch pol\u00ed s kumarou jako &#8218;mauri stones&#8217;, kter\u00e9 jako ritualizovan\u00e1 zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed Ronga stav\u011bla pole pod tapu. Tyto kameny nebyly obrazy boh\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu, n\u00fdbr\u017e hmotn\u00fdm zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edtomnosti Ronga.<\/p><p>V posledn\u00edch p\u011bti desetilet\u00edch za\u017eilo \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed Maor\u016f a Hawajan\u016f v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed. Cliff Whiting, Robyn Kahukiwa, Wright Bowman a Sam Ka&#8217;ai pat\u0159\u00ed k um\u011blc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed reperto\u00e1r forem stejn\u011b tak pe\u010dovali jako jej d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjeli soudob\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/p><p>Atua, mezi nimi i Rongo, se v t\u011bchto d\u00edlech opakovan\u011b objevuj\u00ed; jejich ikonografick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost tak sah\u00e1 a\u017e do sou\u010dasn\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 tvorby.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o odd\u011blen\u00ed Nebe a Zem\u011b se Rongo zasazuje o usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rodi\u010d\u016f, nikoli o odd\u011blen\u00ed nebo zabit\u00ed. Jeho n\u00e1vrh je odm\u00edtnut. Po odlou\u010den\u00ed a \u00fatoku Tawhirimatey uprchne Rongo k matce Zemi Papatuanuku, do oblasti kultivovan\u00fdch rostlin. Tato pozice vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d kumara stoj\u00ed pod ochranou Ronga.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje, jak se kumara dostala z nebe na zem. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch verz\u00edch je to Rongomaui (varianta Ronga) nebo jeden z jeho syn\u016f, kdo p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed prvn\u00ed hl\u00edzy z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e Whanui (hv\u011bzda Vega).<\/p><p>Toto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed spojuje kumaru s ur\u010ditou astronomickou konstelac\u00ed &#8211; heliak\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdchod Vegy tradi\u010dn\u011b ozna\u010duje za\u010d\u00e1tek sez\u00f3ny kumary.<\/p><p>Spojen\u00ed Vega-kumara je v\u011bdecky pozoruhodn\u00e9: ukazuje, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 praxe, astronomick\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologie<\/span> byly v maorsk\u00e9 tradici my\u0161leny jako jeden souvisl\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Anne Salmond tento aspekt ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu zd\u016fraznila.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Rongovi netvo\u0159\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fd text, kter\u00fd by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce. V\u011bdecky se jedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e o s\u00ed\u0165: jednotliv\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b vysv\u011btluj\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00e1 iwi-tradice klade vlastn\u00ed d\u016fraz.<\/p><p>Toto s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9, rhizomatick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed stav\u00ed v\u00fdzkum metodicky p\u0159ed obt\u00ed\u017ee, z\u00e1rove\u0148 mu ale prop\u016fj\u010duje hermeneutickou hloubku. Kde se dv\u011b verze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu od sebe li\u0161\u00ed, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1na za &#8218;nespr\u00e1vnou&#8216; nebo &#8218;zkomolenou&#8216; &#8211; ob\u011b stoj\u00ed jako region\u00e1ln\u00ed podoby rovnocenn\u011b vedle sebe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kumary jako n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 praxe<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kumary bylo siln\u011b ritualizovan\u00e9. Vlastn\u00ed tohunga (kn\u011b\u017e\u0161t\u00ed specialist\u00e9) m\u011bli na starosti v\u00fdsadbu a sklize\u0148. Pole (mara) byla b\u011bhem vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed tapu; \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 menstruovaly, na n\u011b nesm\u011bly vstupovat; karakia doprov\u00e1zely v\u00fdsadbu i sklize\u0148.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best popisuje v <em>Maori Agriculture<\/em> (1925) ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m podrobn\u011b. Uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed kumary v pataka (skladech) bylo rovn\u011b\u017e obklopeno tapu. Toto intenzivn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zakotven\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed bylo v maorsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou prax\u00ed, mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e technickou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Rongo je jej\u00edm centr\u00e1ln\u00edm bodem odkazu.<\/p><p>Kumara samotn\u00e1 m\u00e1 pozoruhodnou historii: poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky (oblast Andy) a do Polyn\u00e9sie se dostala p\u0159ed dobou evropsk\u00e9ho kontaktu. Patrick Kirch a dal\u0161\u00ed badatel\u00e9 diskutuj\u00ed o tom, jak toto transpacifick\u00e9 spojen\u00ed vzniklo &#8211; pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159edkolumbovsk\u00e9ho kontaktu polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch mo\u0159eplavc\u016f s jihoamerick\u00fdm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm. Tato historick\u00e1 skute\u010dnost \u010din\u00ed z kumary \u017eiv\u00e9 sv\u011bdectv\u00ed polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho mo\u0159eplaveck\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Na p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kumary se zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u0159eteln\u011b ukazuje to, co je pro n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Maor\u016f a Hawajan\u016f charakteristick\u00e9: <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Pevn\u011b stanoven\u00fd, opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd \u00fakon.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span> a ka\u017edodenn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se vz\u00e1jemn\u011b propojuj\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco jin\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ost\u0159e odli\u0161uj\u00ed svat\u00e9 od prof\u00e1nn\u00edho, zde je cel\u00fd \u017eivot prostoupen vztahy k atua.<\/p><p>Tuto v samotn\u00e9m \u017eivotn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b zakotvenou religiozitu zkoumaj\u00ed Mason Durie, Charles Royal, Lilikala Kame&#8217;eleihiwa a dal\u0161\u00ed polyn\u00e9\u0161t\u00ed u\u010denci sou\u010dasn\u00e9 generace z pohledu fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rongo jako b\u016fh m\u00edru<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo byl atua, kter\u00fd byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159i uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru. Kdy\u017e cht\u011bly dva kmeny urovnat dlouhotrvaj\u00edc\u00ed konflikt, konala se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span>, p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e byl vz\u00fdv\u00e1n Rongo, jedla se kumara a vym\u011b\u0148ovaly se dary. Tato <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slavnostn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed podle pevn\u00fdch pravidel.\" tabindex=\"0\">ceremonie<\/span> se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch iwi naz\u00fdvala \u201eHohou-rongo\u201c \u2013 \u201eustanoven\u00ed m\u00edru\u201c.<\/p><p>Anne Salmond popisuje v knize <em>Between Worlds<\/em> (1997) pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to praxe v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9 i p\u0159i setk\u00e1n\u00edch s Evropany. Koncept uzav\u0159en\u00ed m\u00edru je pojat <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu \u00fakonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span>-kosmologicky, nikoli jako abstraktn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost. Vy\u017eaduje fyzickou p\u0159\u00edtomnost obou stran, spole\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo ur\u010dit\u00fdch pokrm\u016f a <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvac\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> Ronga.<\/p><p>Tato praxe se v \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b upraven\u00e9 form\u011b zachovala a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti. P\u0159i hlavn\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed Waitangi Tribunal se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 prvky Hohou-rongo, kdy\u017e iwi a koruna vstupuj\u00ed do vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed o urovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska se jedn\u00e1 o zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad: p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe se integrovala do modern\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho procesu.<\/p><p>Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee je Rongo pova\u017eov\u00e1n za atua m\u00edru a porozum\u011bn\u00ed, dob\u0159e zapad\u00e1 do m\u00edst, kde polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1: marae a heiau jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 shroma\u017e\u010fovac\u00edmi a kultovn\u00edmi m\u00edsty. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z nich m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed whakapapa, vlastn\u00ed tradice a vlastn\u00ed vazby k atua.<\/p><p>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva marae za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 powhiri, tedy <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lem<\/span>, j\u00edm\u017e tangata whenua form\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 hosty \u2013 a kter\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b v duchu Ronga vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro setk\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00fd r\u00e1mec. Jde o \u017eivou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou praxi, kter\u00e1 je v\u011bdecky pova\u017eov\u00e1na za jeden z nejd\u016fkladn\u011bji zdokumentovan\u00fdch polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdch uv\u00edtac\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f; s ob\u0159adn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 kultura se zvyky, vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edmi a p\u00edsn\u011bmi.\" tabindex=\"0\">folkl\u00f3rem<\/span> m\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e9 jen m\u00e1lo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 tradice a apotropaick\u00e9 souvislosti<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo je v ochrann\u00fdch souvislostech vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ohledn\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edho m\u00edru a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed potravy. Kdy\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 konflikt, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt Rongovi p\u0159ednesena karakia ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed. V oblasti potravy je Rongo t\u00edm atua, kter\u00e9mu se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu \u00fakonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> ob\u011btuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed hl\u00edzy sklizn\u011b, ne\u017e jsou uvoln\u011bny k j\u00eddlu.<\/p><p>Tato praxe je v\u00fdrazem kosmologick\u00e9 smlouvy, nikoli \u201emagick\u00fdm\u201c postupem v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu: \u010dlov\u011bk t\u00edm uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 bo\u017eskou povahu potravy a jej\u00ed charakter daru. Hirini Mead popisuje v knize <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003) koncept daru (koha) jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed etick\u00fd mechanismus.<\/p><p>Rongo tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159edstavuje ur\u010ditou ekonomickou logiku, zalo\u017eenou na reciprok\u00e9m darov\u00e1n\u00ed, nikoli na v\u00fdm\u011bn\u011b ve smyslu trhu.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00e9 praktiky v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm smyslu zahrnuj\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed darov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00edch plod\u016f u vodn\u00edch pramen\u016f, u shroma\u017e\u010fovac\u00edch dom\u016f a p\u0159i zah\u00e1jen\u00ed nov\u00fdch podnik\u016f. Mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed j\u00eddla se odlo\u017e\u00ed nebo v\u011bnuje, doprov\u00e1zeno kr\u00e1tkou karakiou k Rongovi, kter\u00e1 stav\u00ed dan\u00fd podnik pod jeho ochranu.<\/p><p>U t\u00e9matu ochrany se vyplat\u00ed pojmov\u00e9 vyjasn\u011bn\u00ed: z\u00e1padn\u00ed ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vych\u00e1z\u00ed z <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, jemu\u017e je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amuletu<\/span>, polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9 z p\u011bstovan\u00e9ho vztahu. Ochrana zde nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na magicko-kauz\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u010dinku. Je naopak zalo\u017eena vztahov\u011b a ritualizovan\u011b.<\/p><p>Kdo je ve vztahu k atua, jako je Rongo, a tento vztah udr\u017euje, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201echr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9ho\u201c. Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00fd by vyv\u00edjel s\u00edlu, n\u00fdbr\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00ed vztah, jen\u017e je kosmologicky z\u00e1vazn\u00fd. V religionistick\u00e9 antropologii se tato my\u0161lenka projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 pod pojmem \u201erelational ontology\u201c.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ronga lze srovn\u00e1vat s D\u00e9m\u00e9t\u00e9r a Ceres (\u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 tradice), Pachamamou (Andy), Saturnem (v jeho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 funkci). Spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem je personifikace p\u011bstovan\u00e9 rostliny a spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd vznik\u00e1 d\u00edky zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je rozd\u00edl: Rongo je mu\u017esk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost uct\u00edvan\u00e1 jako bo\u017esk\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci n\u011bjak\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>, nikoli \u201ematka Zem\u011b\u201c; role matky Zem\u011b je v maorsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e dan\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> p\u0159i\u0159azena Papatuanuku.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci Polyn\u00e9sie je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b siln\u00e1 paralela k <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145474\">Lonovi<\/a> na Hawaji. Beckwith a Valeri ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Lono byl v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm vrchn\u00edm bo\u017estvem a \u017ee v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek Makahiki oslavoval jeho p\u0159\u00edchod. V Aotearoa syst\u00e9m sv\u00e1tk\u016f odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed Makahiki chyb\u00ed; Rongo je m\u00edsto toho vetk\u00e1n do ka\u017edodenn\u00edho rytmu p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z religionisticko-fenomenologick\u00e9ho hlediska lze protiklad Rongo\u2013Tu srovnat s polaritami m\u00edru a v\u00e1lky v jin\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch: Apoll\u00f3n a Ares, Dion\u00fdsos a Apoll\u00f3n, Heimdall a Loki. Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech je polarita dynamick\u00e1, nikoli statick\u00e1: oba p\u00f3ly se navz\u00e1jem pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Rongo z\u00edskal novou viditelnost v r\u00e1mci maorsk\u00e9 renesance. Festivaly kumary, obnova tradi\u010dn\u00edch forem p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed (mara kai), kuchyn\u011b na marae a spojen\u00ed maorsk\u00e9 kultury s potravinovou suverenitou jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00e9mata, v nich\u017e Rongo funguje jako kosmologick\u00fd referen\u010dn\u00ed bod. Koncept maorsk\u00e9ho wellbeingu (whaiora) Masona Duriea implicitn\u011b zahrnuje Ronga prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm oblasti spole\u010dn\u00e9ho stravov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Rongo je referen\u010dn\u00edm bodem i v m\u00edrov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci. Maor\u0161t\u00ed medi\u00e1to\u0159i v modern\u00edch form\u00e1ch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed spor\u016f se odvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tradi\u010dn\u00ed hohou-rongo. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">Polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/a> jako celek tak vykazuje aktu\u00e1lnost, kter\u00e1 daleko p\u0159esahuje \u010dist\u011b historick\u00e9 vazby.<\/p><p>V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pacifick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu je Rongo p\u0159edm\u011btem nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00ed o potravinov\u00e9 suverenit\u011b a obnov\u011b m\u00edstn\u00edch p\u011bstitelsk\u00fdch praktik. Badatel\u00e9 jako Kelli McCormack a Mere Roberts k tomuto t\u00e9matu p\u0159edlo\u017eili interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkum a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k Rongovi poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od Elsdona Besta (<em>Maori Agriculture<\/em>, 1925), Margaret Orbell, Te Rangihiroa, Anne Salmond a Hiriniho Meada. Z nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doby jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Hiriniho Matungy a Masona Duriho o \u00faloze Ronga ve v\u00fd\u017eiv\u011b a diplomacii. Lingvistick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Bruce Biggse otev\u00edr\u00e1 etymologick\u00e9 souvislosti.<\/p><p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de o Ronga v r\u00e1mci iwi a hapu je zdrojem \u017eiv\u00e9 praxe. V\u00fdzkum a tradice jsou ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m dialogu, kter\u00fd charakterizuje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Maor\u016f jako \u017eivou skute\u010dnost. Wananga a marae jsou m\u00edsta, kde je Rongo vn\u00edm\u00e1n nejen jako historick\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i jako p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e1 realita.<\/p><p>Spojen\u00ed s archeologick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem, nap\u0159\u00edklad se stopami p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed kumary, strukturami pataka nebo n\u00e1lezy kamenn\u00fdch mauri, otev\u00edr\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed dimenze b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed o Rongovi. Tato interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed perspektiva je systematicky rozv\u00edjena v nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch studi\u00edch (Atholl Anderson, Caroline Phillips).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22d32985 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp22d32985\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ebf696c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2ebf696c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zvednut\u00e1 sadebn\u00ed ty\u010d a m\u00edrov\u00e1 slavnost: Rongo mezi Maory a Havaj\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2c1feb9a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2c1feb9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27645a81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp27645a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Postava <em>Ronga<\/em> umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd pohled na to, jak se tent\u00fd\u017e polyn\u00e9sk\u00fd atua vyv\u00edjel odli\u0161n\u011b na r\u016fzn\u00fdch ostrovn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch. V maorsk\u00e9 tradici Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu je Rongo, \u010dasto naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Rongomatane nebo Rongomaraeroa, atua <em>kumary<\/em>, kultivovan\u00e9 sladk\u00e9 brambory, a t\u00edm i m\u00edrov\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>V bratrsk\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch stoj\u00ed proti v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm a divok\u00fdm sil\u00e1m. S n\u00edm je spojena ur\u010dit\u00e1 ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed sf\u00e9ra, v n\u00ed\u017e se vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00edr, hostinnost a p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed host\u016f na <em>marae<\/em>.<\/p><p>Na Havaji se stejn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no objevuje jako <em>Lono<\/em>, a pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se rozd\u00edl ukazuje jako pou\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p><p>Lono je spojen s de\u0161t\u011bm, plodnost\u00ed a velkou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed slavnost\u00ed <em>Makahiki<\/em>, n\u011bkolikam\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm obdob\u00edm, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9ho ust\u00e1valy v\u00e1lka a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, vyb\u00edraly se d\u00e1vky a po\u0159\u00e1daly se hry. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby proch\u00e1zela ostrovem v p\u0159edem stanoven\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed socha Lona.<\/p><p>Vl\u00e1da v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho boha Ku ustupovala do pozad\u00ed, vl\u00e1da boha m\u00edru a \u00farody p\u0159evzala kalend\u00e1\u0159. Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s maorsk\u00fdm Rongem ukazuje, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed k m\u00edru sklizn\u011b a plodnosti z\u016fstalo v cel\u00e9m polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b stabiln\u00ed, zat\u00edmco ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed podoba se p\u0159izp\u016fsobovala dan\u00e9mu spole\u010densk\u00e9mu uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. Viz k tomu tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145474\">Lono<\/a>.<\/p><p>Z hlediska kritiky pramen\u016f je tato paralela z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159\u00edkladem hranic srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Havajsk\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> o Lonovi je \u00fazce spojena s ud\u00e1lostmi kolem p\u0159\u00edjezdu Jamese Cooka v roce 1779, kter\u00fd na ostrovy dorazil pr\u00e1v\u011b b\u011bhem Makahiki.<\/p><p>Star\u0161\u00ed teze, \u017ee Cook byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za samotn\u00e9ho Lona, je ve v\u00fdzkumu siln\u011b sporn\u00e1, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky diskusi mezi Marshallem Sahlinsem a Gananathem Obeyesekerem. Tato debata uk\u00e1zala, jak siln\u011b z\u00e1padn\u00ed prameny p\u0159edur\u010duj\u00ed v\u00fdklad domorod\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pro zobrazen\u00ed Ronga to znamen\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed. Zaprv\u00e9 nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt polyn\u00e9sk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edbuznost jmen zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1na do jednotn\u00e9ho panpolyn\u00e9sk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>, nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 ostrovn\u00ed spole\u010dnost si atua rozvinula samostatn\u011b.<\/p><p>Zadruh\u00e9 je t\u0159eba u ka\u017ed\u00e9 havajsk\u00e9 paralely m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee prameny jsou \u010dasto pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a formovan\u00e9 kontaktem s Evropany. Opatrn\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 poznateln\u00e9, usp\u011bchan\u00e9 naopak zav\u00e1d\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Elsdon Best: <em>Maori Agriculture<\/em> (1925)<\/li><li>Anne Salmond: <em>Between Worlds<\/em> (1997)<\/li><li>Hirini Moko Mead: <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003)<\/li><li>Martha Beckwith: <em>Hawaiian Mythology<\/em> (1940)<\/li><li>Mason Durie: <em>Whaiora<\/em> (1994)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-rongo e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-rongo\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw-add-rongo-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw-add-rongo-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">Kult<\/span> Ronga byl v p\u0159edkoloni\u00e1ln\u00edm obdob\u00ed \u00fazce spojen s p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm <em>kumary<\/em> (sladk\u00e9 brambory). Specializovan\u00ed kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed, <em>tohunga<\/em>, vedli sez\u00f3nn\u00ed ob\u0159ady, p\u0159i nich\u017e m\u011bly ob\u011btiny p\u0159i s\u00e1zen\u00ed, zp\u011bvy a tabuov\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (<em>tapu<\/em>) zajistit \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou sklize\u0148.<\/p><p>Krom\u011b toho jeho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00factypln\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f v\u016f\u010di bo\u017estvu nebo svat\u00e9 postav\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">kult<\/span> ozna\u010doval uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edru mezi znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdmi <em>iwi<\/em>: kdo hledal m\u00edr, dovol\u00e1val se Ronga a odkl\u00e1dal zbran\u011b.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Rongo Maori b\u016fh m\u00edru Kumara Rongomatane Hohou-rongo Lono Whanui.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-rongo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ M\u0101or\u016f<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-rongo-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-rongo-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. 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