{"id":145468,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145468"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:53","slug":"tu-matauenga-buh-valky-maoru","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tu-matauenga-buh-valky-maoru\/","title":{"rendered":"Tu Matauenga \u2013 b\u016fh v\u00e1lky Maor\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145468\" class=\"elementor elementor-145468 elementor-2596 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tu Matauenga \u2013 maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh v\u00e1lky, \u010dlov\u011bka a mu\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edly<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tu Matauenga, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b Tu, je v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Maor\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n jako atua v\u00e1lky, konfliktu a lidstva. V centr\u00e1ln\u00edm stvo\u0159itelsk\u00e9m m\u00fdtu stoj\u00ed v ostr\u00e9m protikladu ke sv\u00e9mu bratru Tane Mahutovi a je jedin\u00fdm synem Ranginuiho a Papatuanuku, kter\u00fd po sporu sourozenc\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 uvnit\u0159.<\/p><p>Tento v\u00fdklad p\u0159edstavuje jeho roli v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn boh\u016f ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed nebo kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonu<\/span>, jeho ritu\u00e1ly a jeho trvaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v maorsk\u00e9m v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9m \u00e9tosu a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"B\u016fh tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9.\">B\u016fh<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9.\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ Maorov\u00e9<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bo\u017estvo.\">V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 bo\u017estvo<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tumataueng-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tumataueng-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tumataueng-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tu-matauenga-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147361\" alt=\"Tu Matauenga \u2013 bohov\u00e9 z polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9 tradice, historicko-ilustra\u010dn\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tu-matauenga-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tu-matauenga-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tu-matauenga-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_polynesisch-maori_tu-matauenga.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u016b-matauenga je <strong>maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh<\/strong> v\u00e1lky a lidsk\u00e9 agrese.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp-tu-matauenga elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp-tu-matauenga\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp-tu-matauenga elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp-tu-matauenga\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>T\u016b-Matauenga, <strong>maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh v\u00e1lky<\/strong>, zt\u011bles\u0148uje lidskou agresi, v\u00e1lku a \u00falovek z lovu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v polyn\u00e9sk\u00e9m panteonu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tu Matauenga je jedn\u00edm z velk\u00fdch atua Maor\u016f. Je synem Ranginuiho a Papatuanuku, bratrem <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tane-mahuta-buh-lesu-maoru\/\">Tane Mahuty<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145467\">Tangaroy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145469\">Ronga<\/a>, Haumia-tiketikeho (boha plan\u011b rostouc\u00edch potravinov\u00fdch rostlin) a Tawhirimatey (boha v\u011btr\u016f). Jeho zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed postaven\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o stvo\u0159en\u00ed: jako jedin\u00fd z bratr\u016f cht\u011bl Tu rodi\u010de zab\u00edt, m\u00edsto aby je odlou\u010dil.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell popisuje Tu jako postavu, kter\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci maorsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> zauj\u00edm\u00e1 dvoj\u00ed roli: boha v\u00e1lky a atua lidstva. Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska tato souvislost nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1.<\/p><p>V mnoha kultur\u00e1ch je b\u016fh mu\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edly ch\u00e1p\u00e1n tak\u00e9 jako &#8218;prapraotec lidstva&#8216;: nap\u0159\u00edklad Mars v \u0158\u00edm\u011b, T\u00fdr ve Skandin\u00e1vii, Indra ve v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 Indii. Maorsk\u00e1 podoba m\u00e1 v\u0161ak specifick\u00fd rys: Tu nen\u00ed jen v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edkem, ale i nositelem pozn\u00e1n\u00ed (&#8218;Matauenga&#8216; znamen\u00e1 &#8218;v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed, pozn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8216;).<\/p><p>Toto spojen\u00ed v\u00e1lky a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee lidsk\u00e9 st\u0159et\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se se sv\u011btem, a\u0165 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9, intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo pragmatick\u00e9, m\u00e1 jedin\u00fd ko\u0159en. Anne Salmond a Hirini Mead tento aspekt zpracovali ve sv\u00fdch nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch prac\u00edch.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Jm\u00e9no Tu znamen\u00e1 v maor\u0161tin\u011b &#8218;st\u00e1t&#8216;, &#8218;st\u00e1t vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b&#8216;. Cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00eddomek Matauenga lze p\u0159elo\u017eit jako &#8218;v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed&#8216;, &#8218;pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed&#8216;.<\/p><p>Tu Matauenga je tedy &#8218;stoj\u00edc\u00ed se znalost\u00ed&#8216; nebo &#8218;vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00ed znalec&#8216;. Dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00eddomky jsou Tu-ka-riri (&#8218;Tu, hn\u011bviv\u00fd&#8216;), Tu-kai-taua (&#8218;Tu, kter\u00fd pohlcuje vojska&#8216;), Tu-mata-uenga (&#8218;Tu s tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed&#8216;), Tu-mata-rehurehu (&#8218;Tu ve stm\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed&#8216;). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 varianta zd\u016fraz\u0148uje ur\u010ditou funkci.<\/p><p>Jazykov\u011b je Tu dolo\u017een panpolyn\u00e9sky: Ku na Hawaji (s k vznikl\u00fdm hl\u00e1skovou zm\u011bnou z *t), Tuu na Tahiti, Tu na Mangaii. Na Hawaji je Ku jedn\u00edm ze \u010dty\u0159 velk\u00fdch vrchn\u00edch boh\u016f, kanonizovan\u00fdm v ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch chr\u00e1mov\u00fdch liturgi\u00edch (Valeri, <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em>, 1985). V Aotearoa naproti tomu Tu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z n\u011bkolika velk\u00fdch atua a nikdy nebyl pov\u00fd\u0161en na vrchn\u00ed bo\u017estvo.<\/p><p>Rozd\u00edl mezi havajsk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span> Ku a maorsk\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span> Tu je z hlediska d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd: ve stratifikovan\u00e9m havajsk\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed byla v\u00e1lka institucionalizovanou st\u00e1tn\u00ed prax\u00ed s vlastn\u00edmi chr\u00e1my a ritu\u00e1ly, zat\u00edmco v decentralizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed maorsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti z\u016fst\u00e1vala v\u00e1lka z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed kmene (iwi) s m\u00e9n\u011b centralizovan\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo svat\u00e9 postavy.\" tabindex=\"0\">kultem<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tu Matauenga je v maorsk\u00e9m \u0159ezb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed (whakairo) \u010dasto zobrazov\u00e1n v bojovn\u00e9m postoji: vyplazen\u00fd jazyk (whakapohane), rozkro\u010den\u00e9 nohy, rozta\u017een\u00e9 prsty, zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00e9 svaly. Tyto ikonografick\u00e9 prvky se objevuj\u00ed na p\u0159edn\u00edm \u0161t\u00edtu shroma\u017e\u010fovac\u00edch dom\u016f, na bran\u00e1ch a sloupech a formuj\u00ed choreografii haky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho a konfronta\u010dn\u00edho tance.<\/p><p>Tu nen\u00ed nikdy zobrazov\u00e1n jako jedin\u00e1 kanonick\u00e1 socha. Naopak, v okam\u017eiku st\u0159etu zt\u011bles\u0148uje Tu ve sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm t\u011ble ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk. Anne Salmond popisuje tuto performativitu jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd aspekt maorsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>: bo\u017esk\u00e9 se st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm t\u011bla, tance a karakia, nikoli t\u00edm, \u017ee by bylo zachyceno v obraze.<\/p><p>Zbran\u011b, zejm\u00e9na mere (kyj z pounamu), taiaha (h\u016fl) a patu, jsou mnohem v\u00edce ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje: pova\u017euj\u00ed se za prodlou\u017een\u00ed Tuova t\u011bla. Nesou manu sv\u00fdch nositel\u016f a jsou p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1ny jako d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty.<\/p><p>Mere, kter\u00e1 byla pou\u017eita v mnoha boj\u00edch, je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b mocnou a tapu. Hirini Mead podrobn\u011b popisuje ikonografickou vrstvu takov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v d\u00edle <em>Maori Art on the World Scene<\/em> (2002).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Role Tua ve sporu sourozenc\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V centr\u00e1ln\u00edm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtu<\/span> o odd\u011blen\u00ed nebe a zem\u011b chce Tu zab\u00edt sv\u00e9 rodi\u010de, zat\u00edmco Tane se zasazuje za odd\u011blen\u00ed a Rongo za usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tane prosad\u00ed svou v\u016fli, ale po odd\u011blen\u00ed napadne Tawhirimatea, b\u016fh bou\u0159e, ve hn\u011bvu nad ztr\u00e1tou sv\u00e9ho otce ostatn\u00ed bratry. Tane, Tangaroa a Rongo uprchnou do sv\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Tu v\u0161ak vydr\u017e\u00ed a nakonec Tawhirimateu poraz\u00ed.<\/p><p>N\u00e1sledn\u011b Tu potrest\u00e1 sv\u00e9 uprchl\u00e9 bratry. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu mohou Maorov\u00e9 lovit ryby (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e Tangaroy), chytat pt\u00e1ky (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e Taneho), s\u00e1zet sladk\u00e9 brambory (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e Ronga) a sb\u00edrat divok\u00e9 rostliny (\u0159\u00ed\u0161e Haumie). Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska tento <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> legitimizuje n\u00e1rok \u010dlov\u011bka na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zdroje jako d\u016fsledek kosmick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, nikoli jako sv\u00e9voln\u00e9 p\u0159ivlastn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tu je tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 prap\u0159edkem cel\u00e9ho lidstva: Maorov\u00e9 se \u010dasto naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed &#8218;Nga uri o Tu&#8216; (&#8218;potomci Tua&#8216;). Toto genealogick\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00ed neznamen\u00e1 biologick\u00fd p\u016fvod v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu. Jde sp\u00ed\u0161e o <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span>-mytologickou linii, kter\u00e1 strukturuje vztah mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a atua.<\/p><p>Margaret Orbell upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o Tuovi odli\u0161uje maorskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> od gnostick\u00fdch nebo dualistick\u00fdch sch\u00e9mat: neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 &#8218;zlo&#8216; v mor\u00e1ln\u00edm smyslu, ale odli\u0161n\u00e9, n\u011bkdy konfliktn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ivedeny do dynamick\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tu jako patron v\u00e1lky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V tradi\u010dn\u00ed maorsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byl Tu centr\u00e1ln\u00edm referen\u010dn\u00edm bodem. P\u0159ed ka\u017edou bitvou (taua) byl Tu vz\u00fdv\u00e1n prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm karakia, dodr\u017eovaly se p\u0159edpisy tapu a prov\u00e1d\u011blo se ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed o\u010di\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci se postili, vyh\u00fdbali se kontaktu se \u017eenami a pron\u00e1\u0161eli ur\u010dit\u00e9 formule. Tohunga (kn\u011bz-specialista) ur\u010doval okam\u017eik podle astronomick\u00fdch a divina\u010dn\u00edch znamen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Elsdon Best podrobn\u011b popisuje tento ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m v <em>The Maori as He Was<\/em> (1924) a <em>Maori Warfare<\/em> (1903). Po bitv\u011b n\u00e1sledoval dlouh\u00fd proces zru\u0161en\u00ed tapu, ne\u017e se v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci mohli vr\u00e1tit ke sv\u00fdm rodin\u00e1m. Trofeje (hlavy nep\u0159\u00e1tel, zbran\u011b) byly o\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1ny v ritu\u00e1lech p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00fdch Tuovi.<\/p><p>Toto ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zakotven\u00ed je v\u011bdecky pozoruhodn\u00e9: v\u00e1lka byla v maorsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e vysoce ritualizovanou, n\u00e1bo\u017eensky s tapu spojenou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, v\u0161e jin\u00e9 ne\u017e &#8218;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed do ka\u017edodenn\u00ed, nen\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry, na rozd\u00edl od sakr\u00e1ln\u00edho.\" tabindex=\"0\">prof\u00e1nn\u00ed<\/span>&#8218;. P\u0159\u00edprava mohla trvat m\u011bs\u00edce; p\u0159epad bez Tu-karakia byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nelegitimn\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pro vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky.<\/p><p>Pozoruhodn\u00fd je tak\u00e9 koncept &#8218;utu&#8216; (odplata nebo vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed), kter\u00fd je s Tuem t\u011bsn\u011b spojen. Utu znamen\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm obnoven\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy po poru\u0161en\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b pak pomstu v mor\u00e1ln\u011b negativn\u00edm smyslu.<\/p><p>Kdo praktikuje utu, jedn\u00e1 ve smyslu Tua t\u00edm, \u017ee obnovuje naru\u0161en\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d. Tento koncept je hluboce zakotven v maorsk\u00e9 etice a je dodnes uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n i v soudn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00edch a media\u010dn\u00edch kontextech.<\/p><p>Existuje tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd genderov\u00fd rozm\u011br: praktiky spojen\u00e9 s Tuem byly prim\u00e1rn\u011b mu\u017esk\u00e9, ale nikoli v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b. \u017deny mohly v ur\u010dit\u00fdch funkc\u00edch (prost\u0159ednice v\u011b\u0161tby, str\u00e1\u017ekyn\u011b kotahitanga) vykazovat vztah k Tuovi. Mira Szaszy a dal\u0161\u00ed maorsk\u00e9 \u017eeny-sta\u0159e\u0161inky tento rozm\u011br rozpracovaly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Haka a Pukana<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Haka je dnes celosv\u011btov\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd d\u00edky rugbyov\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodn\u00edmu t\u00fdmu. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska nejde o pouh\u00fd sportovn\u00ed tanec, n\u00fdbr\u017e o choreografickou manifestaci Tuovy energie. Kmenov\u00e9 haky jako &#8218;Ka Mate&#8216; (slo\u017eeno Te Rauparahou v 19. stolet\u00ed) nebo &#8218;Ko Niu Tireni&#8216; maj\u00ed v\u017edy sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh a ct\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159edky.<\/p><p>Pohyby &#8211; pukana (kroucen\u00ed o\u010dima), whakapohane (vyplazov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka), tunga ringa (pohyby pa\u017e\u00ed) &#8211; jsou ritualizovan\u00e1 gesta manifestace Tua. Salmond a Mead pojedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed o haka jako o &#8218;embodied theology&#8216; (zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00e9 teologii). Na maorsk\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch se haka dnes systematicky vyu\u010duje, jako kulturn\u00ed praxe i jako spiritu\u00e1ln\u011b-t\u011blesn\u00e1 forma.<\/p><p>Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozli\u0161ovat mezi v\u00e1le\u010dnou haka (peruperu, se zbran\u011bmi), m\u00edrovou haka (haka taparahi, bez zbran\u00ed) a uv\u00edtac\u00ed haka (haka powhiri). Ka\u017ed\u00e1 forma m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed funkci a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Na festivalu Te Matatini, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed haka sout\u011b\u017ei Aotearoy, jsou zastoupeny v\u0161echny formy.<\/p><p>Haka &#8218;Ka Mate&#8216; si zaslou\u017e\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost. Bylo slo\u017eeno na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed Te Rauparahou, n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edkem kmene Ngati Toa, pot\u00e9 co unikl smrteln\u00e9mu pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. Text oslavuje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a dnes je majetkem kmene Ngati Toa, kter\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u011b upravuje jeho u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edmi stranami.<\/p><p>Toto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed zakotven\u00ed kulturn\u00ed tradice &#8211; &#8218;cultural property law&#8216; &#8211; je mlad\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm oborem, v n\u011bm\u017e Aotearoa vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u016fkopnickou pr\u00e1ci. V\u011bdecky se zde ukazuje, \u017ee haka nen\u00ed &#8218;obecn\u00fdm polyn\u00e9sk\u00fdm kulturn\u00edm d\u011bdictv\u00edm&#8216;, n\u00fdbr\u017e z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1z\u00e1na na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed iwi a jejich whakapapa-p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je haka &#8218;kolektivn\u00ed transovou prax\u00ed&#8216; ve smyslu Bourguignona (<em>Possession<\/em>, 1976), p\u0159i n\u00ed\u017e skupina jako celek p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do stavu Tua. Tento kolektivn\u00ed rozm\u011br odli\u0161uje haka od individu\u00e1ln\u00edch \u0161amansk\u00fdch praktik a \u010din\u00ed z n\u00ed religionisticko-fenomenologicky sv\u00e9bytn\u00fd jev.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e9 tradice a tapu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ochrann\u00e9 praktiky v kontextu Tu jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b kolektivn\u00ed a ritualizovan\u00e9. P\u0159ed st\u0159etnut\u00edm &#8211; dnes ch\u00e1pan\u00fdm i metaforicky, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm, soudn\u00edm procesem nebo sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed &#8211; lze pron\u00e9st karakia k Tu. Slou\u017e\u00ed k vnit\u0159n\u00edmu soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed a ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmu potvrzen\u00ed \u00fakolu, nikoli k magick\u00e9mu ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdsledku.<\/p><p>Ochrann\u00fdmi p\u0159edm\u011bty jsou v t\u00e9to oblasti zbran\u011b jako symboly: mere (klub z pounamu), taiaha (h\u016fl) a patu. \u010casto se p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed jako d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty (taonga tuku iho) a nesou mana sv\u00fdch d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch nositel\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od amulet\u016f v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu jde o zhu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kolektivn\u00edch d\u011bjin.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00edch s tradic\u00ed Tu &#8211; nap\u0159\u00edklad u Maorsk\u00e9ho praporu (Maori Battalion) b\u011bhem druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, u zku\u0161enost\u00ed maorsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f z v\u00e1lky ve Vietnamu, nebo v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 policejn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 kari\u00e9\u0159e &#8211; se ritu\u00e1ly vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k Tu pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k duchovn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b voj\u00e1k\u016f a k jejich n\u00e1vratu do komunity po nasazen\u00ed. Mason Durie tuto praxi zdokumentoval jako sou\u010d\u00e1st maorsk\u00e9 praxe du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed ve <em>Whaiora<\/em> (1994).<\/p><p>V\u00fdzkumy Masona Durieho k maorsk\u00e9mu du\u0161evn\u00edmu zdrav\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee karakia k Tu p\u0159edstavuje \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd kulturn\u00ed zdroj p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b posttraumatick\u00e9 stresov\u00e9 poruchy u maorsk\u00fdch veter\u00e1n\u016f (Vietnam, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n). Slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159i tom jako ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e1mec usnad\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed reintegraci, nikoli jako magick\u00fd l\u00e9k.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tu Matauenga lze srovn\u00e1vat s Aresem a Martem (\u0159ecko-\u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd), T\u00fdrem (germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd), Indrou (v\u00e9dsk\u00fd), Ogunem (jorubsk\u00fd). Spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem je personifikace mu\u017esk\u00e9, v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00e9 energie.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd je v\u0161ak rozd\u00edl: V maorsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdklad boha a v\u00edry ur\u010dit\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span> je Tu prost\u0159edn\u00edkem etick\u00e9 praxe, nikoli &#8218;bohem v\u00e1lky&#8216; v z\u00e1padn\u00edm smyslu krvela\u010dn\u00e9ho agresora. Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost p\u0159ed bitvou a po n\u00ed ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00e1lka byla v maorsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e hluboce zakotvena v tapu a mana.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci Polyn\u00e9sie je zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 paralela s havajsk\u00fdm Ku. Valeri ukazuje, \u017ee na Havaji byl Ku uct\u00edv\u00e1n v r\u00e1mci vysoce institucionalizovan\u00e9ho chr\u00e1mov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, v ur\u010dit\u00fdch ritu\u00e1lech i s lidsk\u00fdmi ob\u011btmi. V Aotearoa takov\u00e1 institucionalizace chyb\u00ed; lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti nejsou dokumentov\u00e1ny ve srovnateln\u00e9 systemati\u010dnosti.<\/p><p>Z hlediska fenomenologie n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed vykazuje komplex Tu tak\u00e9 spojen\u00ed se \u0161amansk\u00fdmi kulturami Sibi\u0159e a Severn\u00ed Ameriky: i tam existuj\u00ed ritualizovan\u00e9 iniciace v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a reintegra\u010dn\u00ed praktiky po bojov\u00e9m nasazen\u00ed. Eliade takov\u00e9 paralely dokumentuje ve <em>Shamanism<\/em> (1951), by\u0165 bez p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vztahu k Maor\u016fm.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 paralely lze nal\u00e9zt v samurajsk\u00e9m bu\u0161id\u00f3 Japonska, v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 tradici svat\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a ve v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 k\u0161atrijsk\u00e9 etice. Ve v\u0161ech p\u0159\u00edpadech nestoj\u00ed v centru glorifikace n\u00e1sil\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e jeho ritualizovan\u00e9 zasazen\u00ed do etick\u00e9ho kontextu.<\/p><p>Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vlastn\u00ed v\u00edry.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistika<\/span> zkoumala takov\u00e9 etiky v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f systematicky pod pojmem &#8218;sacred warriorship&#8216;, s p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee lidsk\u00fd sklon k n\u00e1sil\u00ed bez ritu\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce sklouz\u00e1v\u00e1 k destruktivn\u00edm drah\u00e1m.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tu Matauenga je dnes p\u0159\u00edtomen ve sportu, ve vojensk\u00e9 tradici (Maorsk\u00fd prapor, 28th Battalion za druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky) i v politick\u00e9 reprezentaci.<\/p><p>Maorsk\u00fd aktivismus od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed &#8211; Bastion Point, pochody za p\u016fdu a jazyk &#8211; se \u010dasto odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na Tu jako symbolick\u00fd referen\u010dn\u00ed bod sebeprosazen\u00ed. Tikanga &#8218;standing firm&#8216; (tu tonu) je p\u0159\u00edmou aplikac\u00ed konceptu Tu.<\/p><p>Ve \u0161kolstv\u00ed je Tu p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n jako kulturn\u00ed zakotven\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti, discipl\u00edny a pevnosti, v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jako propagace agrese. <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">Polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/a> jako celek ch\u00e1pe Tu jako eticky zar\u00e1movanou s\u00edlu, nikoli jako surov\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u00e9mona.<\/p><p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 diskuse o statistice maorsk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, policejn\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00ed a kulturn\u011b zakotven\u00e9 reintegraci v\u00e1lkou traumatizovan\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f \u010derpaj\u00ed z koncept\u016f vztahuj\u00edc\u00edch se k Tu. Koncept &#8218;mana tane&#8216; (mu\u017esk\u00e1 mana, zdrav\u00e1 mu\u017enost) je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch program\u016f maorsk\u00e9ho mu\u017esk\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s9h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s9h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u00fdzkum a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s9c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s9c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-s9t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-s9t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky k Tu Matauenga poch\u00e1zej\u00ed od Elsdona Besta, Te Rangihiroy (Petera Bucka), Margaret Orbellov\u00e9 a Hiriniho Meada. Z nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doby jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce Anne Salmondov\u00e9, Judith Binneyov\u00e9 a Masona Durieho (<em>Whaiora<\/em>, 1994). Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s havajskou tradic\u00ed Ku je standardn\u00edm d\u00edlem Valeriova <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em>.<\/p><p>Maorsk\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed tradice pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed karakia k Tu a haku jako \u017eivou praxi. Tato dvoj\u00ed perspektiva &#8211; v\u00fdzkum a p\u00e9\u010de uchov\u00e1van\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci samotn\u00e9 tradice &#8211; charakterizuje cel\u00e9 pole. Wananga jako Te Wananga o Aotearoa a Te Wananga o Raukawa vyu\u010duj\u00ed tikangu vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k Tu v akademick\u00e9 form\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed most mezi tradi\u010dn\u00edm vnit\u0159n\u00edm pozn\u00e1n\u00edm a univerzitn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem.<\/p><p>Hlub\u0161\u00ed zasazen\u00ed Tu do polyn\u00e9sko-maorsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ukazuje, jak je t\u0159eba jej ch\u00e1pat ve vztahov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s ostatn\u00edmi atua, nikoli izolovan\u011b. Teprve tento rela\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdklad odhaluje teologickou hloubku.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2545b1f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2545b1f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp24c6a4e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp24c6a4e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Vyn\u00e1lez pasti: Tumatauenga jako zakladatel lidsk\u00e9 techniky<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2811d04e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2811d04e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp274d4107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp274d4107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V kmenov\u00fdch tradic\u00edch Maor\u016f je <em>Tumatauenga<\/em> bohem v\u00e1lky a z\u00e1rove\u0148 atua, od kter\u00e9ho lid\u00e9 z\u00edskali n\u00e1stroje proti ostatn\u00edm boh\u016fm.<\/p><p>Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed dosv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 v n\u011bkolika iwi verz\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo navazuje na odd\u011blen\u00ed otce nebes <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145571\">Ranginuiho<\/a> a matky zem\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145570\">Papatuanuku<\/a>. Po tomto odd\u011blen\u00ed se brat\u0159i obracej\u00ed proti sob\u011b. Tumatauenga, kter\u00fd jedin\u00fd hlasoval pro n\u00e1siln\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed, se dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do sporu se sv\u00fdmi sourozenci, kte\u0159\u00ed vl\u00e1dnou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch oblastech sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm bodem vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed je, \u017ee Tumatauenga p\u0159em\u00e1h\u00e1 sv\u00e9 bratry lst\u00ed a n\u00e1stroji, nikoli pouhou silou. Proti Tangaroovi, p\u00e1nu mo\u0159e, vynal\u00e9z\u00e1 s\u00edt\u011b a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 h\u00e1\u010dky.<\/p><p>Proti Tanemu, p\u00e1nu lesa, a proti syn\u016fm Haumiatiketikeho a Rongo, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed divok\u00e9 a kultivovan\u00e9 rostliny, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sada\u0159skou h\u016fl, opr\u00e1tku a metody sb\u011bru a sklizn\u011b.<\/p><p>T\u00edm, \u017ee podrobuje sv\u00e9 bratry technikou, d\u011bl\u00e1 jejich oblasti vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdmi pro lidi. Ostatn\u00ed bohov\u00e9 se tak st\u00e1vaj\u00ed potravou a ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed jazyk mnoha maorsk\u00fdch spole\u010denstv\u00ed dodnes naz\u00fdv\u00e1 ryby, pt\u00e1ky a plodiny v\u00fdrazy, kter\u00e9 na toto podroben\u00ed odkazuj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato epizoda z\u00e1rove\u0148 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d \u010dlov\u011bk podle maorsk\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee j\u00edst to, co j\u00ed. Proto\u017ee Tumatauenga p\u0159emohl ostatn\u00ed atua, nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k jejich sf\u00e9r\u00e1m svatokr\u00e1de\u017e\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e pr\u00e1vem, kter\u00e9 legitimizoval prap\u0159edek, ale kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm <em>karakia<\/em>, tedy ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pouze Tane, \u010dlov\u011bk, si v t\u00e9to logice udr\u017euje atua-p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd se nej\u00ed, proto\u017ee je s\u00e1m otcem lid\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z hlediska kritiky pramen\u016f je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 verze t\u011bchto m\u00fdt\u016f se op\u00edr\u00e1 o z\u00e1pisy z 19. stolet\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na o texty George Greye a tohungy Te Matorohangy.<\/p><p>Tyto prameny jsou selektivn\u00ed, \u010dasto se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na jednu jedinou tradici a \u010d\u00e1sty jsou zabarveny k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho stvo\u0159en\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed postava Tumatauengy jako zakladatele techniky lovu, rybolovu a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je v\u0161ak dosv\u011bd\u010dena nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d mnoha iwi a pat\u0159\u00ed k pevn\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed po generace.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Margaret Orbell: <em>The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend<\/em> (1995)<\/li><li>Elsdon Best: <em>The Maori as He Was<\/em> (1924)<\/li><li>Elsdon Best: <em>Maori Warfare<\/em> (1903)<\/li><li>Valerio Valeri: <em>Kingship and Sacrifice<\/em> (1985)<\/li><li>Te Rangihiroa: <em>The Coming of the Maori<\/em> (1949)<\/li><li>Mason Durie: <em>Whaiora<\/em> (1994)<\/li><li>Hirini Mead: <em>Tikanga Maori<\/em> (2003)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Tu Matauenga Maori b\u016fh v\u00e1lky Haka Pukana taua tapu Tu-ka-riri.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tu-matauenga\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/polynesie-maorove-hawaj-ochranne-tradice\/\">Polyn\u00e9sie \/ M\u0101or\u016f<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed lh\u016fta na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 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2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tumataueng-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tumataueng-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2718,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tu Matauenga Maori","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tu Matauenga \u2013 maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh v\u00e1lky, m\u00fdtus a kult","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tu Matauenga je maorsk\u00fd b\u016fh v\u00e1lky a lidstva. 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