{"id":145465,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:39","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145465"},"modified":"2026-09-03T17:22:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T17:22:33","slug":"thunderbird-hromovy-ptak-indianu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/thunderbird-hromovy-ptak-indianu\/","title":{"rendered":"Thunderbird \u2013 Hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145465\" class=\"elementor elementor-145465 elementor-2593 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thunderbird, hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k a kosmick\u00e1 bytost bou\u0159e severoamerick\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird (lakotsky <em>Wakinyan<\/em>, anishinabsky <em>Binesi<\/em>, na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed <em>T&#8217;iista&#8217;as<\/em> v r\u016fzn\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch) je hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k a kosmick\u00e1 bytost bou\u0159e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch tradic. Pat\u0159\u00ed k nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm bytostem americk\u00e9ho kontinentu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytost tradice Native American.\">P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed bytost<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/indiansti-bohove-wakan-tanka-first-nations\/\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Native American.\">Native American<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Bytost hromu.\">Bytost hromu<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-thunderbir-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-thunderbir-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-thunderbir-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-147373\" alt=\"Thunderbird - bohov\u00e9 z tradice p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky, historicky-ilustrativn\u00ed\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_thunderbird.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-sec-iwgcomp2-thunderbird elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"sec-iwgcomp2-thunderbird\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-col-iwgcomp2-thunderbird\" data-id=\"col-iwgcomp2-thunderbird\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgcomp2-thunderbird elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgcomp2-thunderbird\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird je <strong>bytost bou\u0159e<\/strong> severoamerick\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird je jednou z m\u00e1la bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 po cel\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le domorod\u00fdch americk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch rodin Severn\u00ed Ameriky.<\/p><p>Jeho oblast v\u00fdskytu zahrnuje Great Plains (Lakota, Cheyenne, Crow, Arapaho), oblast Velk\u00fdch jezer (Anishinabe, Cree, Innu), severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed (Tlingit, Tsimshian, Kwakwaka&#8217;wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth), jihoz\u00e1pad (Pueblo, Navajo) a severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st americk\u00e9ho jihov\u00fdchodu (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek). Toto panamerick\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska neobvykl\u00e9 a nazna\u010duje bu\u010f spole\u010dnou p\u016fvodn\u00ed tradici, nebo intenzivn\u00ed historii mezikmenov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska pat\u0159\u00ed Thunderbird do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy <em>bytost\u00ed hromu<\/em>, kter\u00e9 hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 nebo loveck\u00e9 kultu\u0159e. Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00ed jsou \u0159eck\u00fd hromovl\u00e1dn\u00fd Zeus, germ\u00e1nsk\u00fd Thor, hinduistick\u00fd Indra, baltsk\u00fd Perk\u016bnas, mezoamerick\u00fd Tlaloc a v neantropomorfn\u00ed zoomorfn\u00ed podob\u011b andsko-amazonsk\u00fd komplex bytost\u00ed hromu (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/illapa-buh-hromu-a-pocasi-inku\/\">Illapa<\/a> a <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yacumama-vodni-had-andy-amazonie\/\">Yacumama<\/a>).<\/p><p>Specifick\u00fdm rysem thunderbirdsk\u00e9 tradice oproti antropomorfn\u00edm boh\u016fm hromu je zoomorfn\u00ed podoba obrovsk\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka. Thunderbird je hromem a pt\u00e1kem sou\u010dasn\u011b; jeho m\u00e1vnut\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddly vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed hrom, jeho o\u010di vys\u00edlaj\u00ed blesky a jeho let p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed d\u00e9\u0161\u0165. Toto zoomorfn\u00ed zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed je religi\u00f3zn\u011b-filozoficky sv\u00e9bytn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00ednosem severoamerick\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bjin\u00e1m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a region\u00e1ln\u00ed rozmanitost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird se podle jazyka naz\u00fdv\u00e1: <em>Wakinyan<\/em> u Lakot\u016f (z <em>wak<\/em> = <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k bo\u017esk\u00e9mu a t\u00edm vy\u0148at\u00e9 z b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">svat\u00fd<\/span> a <em>kinyan<\/em> = l\u00e9tat, tedy <em>svat\u00fd letec<\/em>); <em>Binesi<\/em> nebo <em>Animikii<\/em> u Anishinabe; <em>Hino<\/em> u Iroquois\u016f; <em>Tlathl&#8217;aakwa<\/em> u Tlingit\u016f; <em>Kwunusela<\/em> u Kwakwaka&#8217;wakw; <em>T&#8217;iista&#8217;as<\/em> u Tsimshian\u016f; <em>Heyoka-Wakinyan<\/em> u Lakot\u016f ve zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm spojen\u00ed s komplexem Heyoka, svat\u00e9ho bl\u00e1znovstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>U pueblansk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f existuje samostatn\u00e1 thunderbirdsk\u00e1 tradice pod n\u00e1zvem <em>Shiwanna<\/em>, co\u017e je pojem pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd tak\u00e9 pro de\u0161t\u011bm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed obla\u010dn\u00e9 bytosti kachina (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/kacina-duchovni-pomocnici-hopiu\/\">Kachina<\/a>). Pueblansk\u00e9 Shiwanna lze \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ch\u00e1pat jako p\u0159edch\u016fdce nebo bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 panamerick\u00e9 thunderbirdsk\u00e9 tradice.<\/p><p>V angloamerick\u00e9m standardn\u00edm jazyce se pojem <em>Thunderbird<\/em> prosadil jako kolektivn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed pro v\u0161echny tyto rozli\u010dn\u00e9 domorod\u00e9 bytosti. Toto zobecn\u011bn\u00ed je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska problematick\u00e9, proto\u017ee zast\u00edr\u00e1 specifickou kulturn\u00ed jedine\u010dnost jednotliv\u00fdch tradic. P\u0159esto se v akademick\u00e9 diskusi etablovalo jako praktick\u00e9 souborn\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Popis a ikonografie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird je ve v\u0161ech tradic\u00edch popisov\u00e1n jako obrovsk\u00fd pt\u00e1k, jeho\u017e rozp\u011bt\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel m\u00e1 dosahovat n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek metr\u016f (v n\u011bkter\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch dokonce n\u011bkolika kilometr\u016f).<\/p><p>Jeho vzhled se region\u00e1ln\u011b li\u0161\u00ed: u n\u00e1rod\u016f Pl\u00e1n\u00ed je popisov\u00e1n v\u011bt\u0161inou jako orlu podobn\u00fd drav\u00fd pt\u00e1k s dr\u00e1py a siln\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem; u n\u00e1rod\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed jako stejn\u011b bohat\u011b zdoben\u00fd, ornament\u00e1ln\u011b pojat\u00fd pt\u00e1k s dlouh\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem; u Anishinabe jako men\u0161\u00ed, ale hust\u011b ope\u0159en\u00fd pt\u00e1k bou\u0159e.<\/p><p>Na totemov\u00fdch k\u016flech n\u00e1rod\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed (Haida, Tlingit, Tsimshian) je Thunderbird jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch motiv\u016f. Je zde zobrazov\u00e1n jako stylizovan\u011b ploch\u00fd pt\u00e1k s rozepjat\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly, ostr\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem a bohat\u00fdmi ornamenty. Totemov\u00e9 k\u016fly Tlingit\u016f \u010dasto zobrazuj\u00ed Thunderbirda na vrcholu, symbolizuj\u00edc\u00edho ve\u0161kerou moc horn\u00edho nebe.<\/p><p>V lakotsk\u00e9 a pl\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 ikonografii se Thunderbird objevuje na malovan\u00fdch bojovnick\u00fdch \u0161t\u00edtech, na bubnech a na tkanin\u00e1ch potn\u00edch ch\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><p>Typick\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed Thunderbirda ukazuje stylizovan\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka se dv\u011bma liniemi ve tvaru W, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddla a blesk, a s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Znak, kter\u00fd zastupuje p\u0159edstavu nebo v\u00fdznam.\" tabindex=\"0\">symbolem<\/span> oka, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1zor\u0148uje vznik blesku. Na zachovan\u00fdch skaln\u00edch petroglyfech v pl\u00e1\u0148sk\u00e9 oblasti a v jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed oblasti Anasazi se nach\u00e1z\u00ed \u010detn\u00e1 zobrazen\u00ed Thunderbirda, sahaj\u00edc\u00ed tis\u00edce let zp\u011bt.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ikonografie Thunderbirda na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je splynut\u00ed s <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motivem<\/span> velryby. V mnoh\u00fdch tlingitsk\u00fdch a kwakwaka&#8217;wakwsk\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch je Thunderbird lovcem velryb: vrh\u00e1 se z nebe na velk\u00e9 velryby, chyt\u00e1 je sv\u00fdmi dr\u00e1py a odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed je do horsk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in.<\/p><p>Tato tradice lovu velryb odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ekologickou realitu pacifick\u00e9ho severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, kde bylo spat\u0159en\u00ed velk\u00e9 velryby v\u00fdznamnou ekonomickou a n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ob\u0159adn\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Na mnoh\u00fdch totemov\u00fdch k\u016flech n\u00e1rod\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je konstelace Thunderbirda s velrybou zobrazena jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed heraldick\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Opakuj\u00edc\u00ed se obsahov\u00fd prvek v um\u011bn\u00ed nebo vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">motiv<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mytologick\u00e1 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Mytologick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span> spojen\u00e1 s Thunderbirdem je rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1. Jedna \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje jeho v\u011b\u010dn\u00fd boj proti <em>Underwater Panther<\/em> nebo <em>Horned Serpent<\/em>, chtonick\u00e9 bytosti, \u010dasto popisovan\u00e9 jako vodn\u00ed had, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v hlubin\u00e1ch jezer a \u0159ek.<\/p><p>Tento kosmick\u00fd boj mezi vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc\u00ed Pt\u00e1ka hromu a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed moc\u00ed vodn\u00edho hada je teologicko-mytologick\u00fdm zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00edm kolob\u011bhu po\u010das\u00ed: Thunderbird sv\u00fdm hromem nut\u00ed vodn\u00edho hada, aby vydal vodu zemi (v podob\u011b de\u0161t\u011b), zat\u00edmco vodn\u00ed had se naopak sna\u017e\u00ed vodu udr\u017eet v hlubin\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Tato konfrontace hromu a vodn\u00edho hada se strukturn\u011b podobn\u011b objevuje u Lakot\u016f, Anishinab\u016f, Irok\u00e9z\u016f a Pueblo n\u00e1rod\u016f. Popsala ji n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 etnolo\u017eka \u00c5ke Hultkrantz v d\u00edle <em>Belief and Worship in Native North America<\/em> (1981) jako panamerickou kosmologickou konstelaci, co\u017e nazna\u010duje spole\u010dnou prap\u016fvodn\u00ed tradici nebo velmi ranou historii mezikmenov\u00fdch kontakt\u016f.<\/p><p>Druh\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje Thunderbirda jako u\u010ditele svat\u00fdch bl\u00e1zn\u016f Heyoka u Lakot\u016f. Kdo p\u0159ijme vizi Wakinyan, je nucen st\u00e1t se Heyokou, svat\u00fdm bl\u00e1znem, kter\u00fd sv\u011bt za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 naopak a chov\u00e1 se opa\u010dn\u011b (v zim\u011b v letn\u00edm kost\u00fdmu, sm\u00edch p\u0159i smutku, pl\u00e1\u010d p\u0159i oslav\u00e1ch).<\/p><p>Tradice Heyoka je jednou z nejosobit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur lakotsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a je podrobn\u011b pops\u00e1na Black Elkem a Lame Deerem v n\u011bkolika autobiografick\u00fdch d\u00edlech.<\/p><p>T\u0159et\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed popisuje setk\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f s Thunderbirdem. Zn\u00e1m\u00e9 lakotsk\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed bojovn\u00edka, kter\u00e9ho b\u011bhem vize (vision quest) v poho\u0159\u00ed Black Hills p\u0159ijme Wakinyan; Wakinyan ho nese na sv\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddlech do vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nebes a ukazuje mu kosmickou strukturu sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>Po n\u00e1vratu se z bojovn\u00edka st\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00fd l\u00e9\u010ditel, kter\u00fd zn\u00e1 p\u00edsn\u011b Wakinyan a dok\u00e1\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt l\u00e9\u010den\u00ed v potn\u00edch chat\u00e1ch. Takov\u00e1 povol\u00e1vac\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed jsou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed pro lakotskou tradici vision quest a tvo\u0159\u00ed teologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad bytosti specialisty na Wakinyan. Black Elk ve sv\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch popsal svou vlastn\u00ed vizi Wakinyan, kter\u00e1 z n\u011bj u\u010dinila Heyoku na cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kult a ritu\u00e1ln\u011b-praktick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edtomnost<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praxe uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Thunderbirda se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch tradic\u00edch li\u0161\u00ed. U Lakot\u016f je Wakinyan jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bytost\u00ed wakan a je pravideln\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159i velk\u00fdch ob\u0159adech (Slune\u010dn\u00ed tanec, vision quest). U n\u00e1rod\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed m\u00e1 Thunderbird vlastn\u00ed maskovan\u00e9 tance a je centr\u00e1ln\u00edm totemov\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem n\u011bkolika klan\u016f (zejm\u00e9na vl\u010d\u00edho klanu Tlingit\u016f a orl\u00edho klanu Haid\u016f).<\/p><p>U Anishinab\u016f v oblasti Velk\u00fdch jezer prob\u00edh\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uct\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Thunderbirda p\u0159i ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edch jarn\u00edch ob\u0159adech Mide spole\u010dnosti. Kdy\u017e se na ja\u0159e poprv\u00e9 ozvou hromy Thunderbirda, je to znamen\u00ed, \u017ee zima definitivn\u011b kon\u010d\u00ed a znovu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 l\u00e9to.<\/p><p>Ob\u0159ady Mide u Anishinab\u016f na p\u0159iv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Thunderbird\u016f zahrnuj\u00ed n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 bubnov\u00e1n\u00ed, ob\u011bti tab\u00e1ku a p\u0159\u00edpravu prvn\u00edho jarn\u00edho osiva p\u0159i <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed obracen\u00ed se k bo\u017estvu nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> Thunderbird\u016f.<\/p><p>U Pueblo n\u00e1rod\u016f je Thunderbird jako Shiwanna integrov\u00e1n do tanc\u016f kachina. Kachina Shiwanna vystupuj\u00ed p\u0159i letn\u00edch tanc\u00edch, kdy je pot\u0159eba de\u0161t\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, a jsou vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u00edsn\u011bmi napodobuj\u00edc\u00edmi hlas hromu. Frank Cushing systematicky popsal tradici Shiwanna ve sv\u00fdch studi\u00edch o Zuni\u00edch.<\/p><p>Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed praktickou slo\u017eku tvo\u0159\u00ed tradice <em>Thunderbird-Drumming<\/em>. Na v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch Pl\u00e1n\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed sada bubn\u016f Wakinyan, speci\u00e1ln\u011b spojen\u00e1 s moc\u00ed Pt\u00e1ka hromu.<\/p><p>Buben je velk\u00fd dvouru\u010dn\u00ed buben s napjatou bizon\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, jeho\u017e hromov\u00fd zvuk napodobuje hrom Thunderbirda a t\u00edm p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span>. Tato bubenick\u00e1 tradice je p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1na po generace a pat\u0159\u00ed k nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hudebn\u011b-ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm jev\u016fm v n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edch americk\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird je ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b tradic bytost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1rove\u0148 ob\u00e1van\u00e1 a vz\u00fdvan\u00e1 jako ochr\u00e1nce. Z\u00e1sah blesku je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed projev moci Thunderbirda; kdo je zasa\u017een bleskem a p\u0159e\u017eije, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za povolan\u00e9ho samotn\u00fdm Hromov\u00fdm pt\u00e1kem a mus\u00ed podstoupit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto povol\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p><p>Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 praktiky proti bou\u0159k\u00e1m zahrnuj\u00ed vyku\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed obydl\u00ed bizon\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh s \u010dasto historick\u00fdm j\u00e1drem a fantastick\u00fdmi rysy.\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0161alv\u011bj\u00ed<\/span> nebo vonn\u00fdm travou p\u0159i prvn\u00edm zaslechnut\u00ed hromu, ukr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech ostr\u00fdch kovov\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f (kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159itahuj\u00edc\u00ed blesky), vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se pobytu u okna nebo pod osamocen\u011b stoj\u00edc\u00edm stromem a vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Thunderbirda pomoc\u00ed respektu vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch modliteb m\u00edsto v\u00fdraz\u016f strachu.<\/p><p><span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Odvracej\u00edc\u00ed ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed: o znamen\u00edch a p\u0159edm\u011btech, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed odvr\u00e1tit \u0161kodliv\u00e9 vlivy.\" tabindex=\"0\">Apotropaicky<\/span> proti samotn\u00e9mu Hromov\u00e9mu pt\u00e1kovi, nap\u0159\u00edklad kdy\u017e rodina vid\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1sahu bleskem, slou\u017eily orl\u00ed pera (zejm\u00e9na pera skaln\u00edho orla, kter\u00fd je s Thunderbirdem v \u00fazk\u00e9m ikonografick\u00e9m spojen\u00ed), zav\u011b\u0161ovan\u00e1 jako mal\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"No\u0161en\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt, kter\u00e9mu je p\u0159isuzov\u00e1n ochrann\u00fd, ne\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed odvracej\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek.\" tabindex=\"0\">amulet<\/span> nad l\u016f\u017ekem.<\/p><p>Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou prax\u00ed bylo tak\u00e9 no\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch vyobrazen\u00ed Thunderbirda z tyrkysu nebo kosti. Tyto praktiky jsou opakovan\u011b pops\u00e1ny v etnografick\u00fdch d\u00edlech v\u011bnovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016fm Pl\u00e1n\u00ed (DeMallie, Walker, Brown).<\/p><p>Zaj\u00edmavou souvislost\u00ed je vztah k <em>heyoka<\/em>, komplexu svat\u00e9ho \u0161a\u0161ka u Lakot\u016f. Kdo obdr\u017eel vid\u011bn\u00ed Wakinyan\u016f, mus\u00ed \u017e\u00edt jako heyoka, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mus\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b d\u011blat v\u011bci obr\u00e1cen\u011b: chodit pozp\u00e1tku, nosit v zim\u011b letn\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed, sm\u00e1t se, kdy\u017e ostatn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010dou, a plakat, kdy\u017e ostatn\u00ed se sm\u011bj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Toto paradoxn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e za n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed projev moci Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148uje b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta. William Powers ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle <em>Sacred Language<\/em> (1986) systematicky popsal tradici heyoka-wakinyan a zd\u016fraznil jej\u00ed teologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako <em>kontraintuitivn\u00ed svatost<\/em>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tradice Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka je z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska n\u00e1padn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1. Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 jsou: hinduistick\u00e1 tradice Garudy (pta\u010d\u00ed b\u016fh, kter\u00fd sice prim\u00e1rn\u011b nem\u00e1 funkci hromu, ale je strukturn\u011b podobn\u011b zoomorfn\u00ed), staropersk\u00e1 Simurgh, \u0159ecko-starobabylonsk\u00e1 tradice F\u00e9nixe (v jej\u00edm spojen\u00ed se sluncem a \u017e\u00e1rem), v\u00fdchodoafrick\u00fd hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k Mandara a jihoasijsk\u00e1 Karura.<\/p><p>Religionisticko-etnologicky obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00e1 je struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podobnost americko-indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 tradice Thunderbirda se st\u0159edoasijsko-sibi\u0159skou tradic\u00ed Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka (zejm\u00e9na s jakutsk\u00fdm hromov\u00fdm pt\u00e1kem <em>Suor<\/em> a \u010d\u00ednsko-mytick\u00fdm <em>Lej Kungem<\/em>). Tato podobnost vedla k opatrn\u00e9 domn\u011bnce, \u017ee severoamerick\u00e9 tradice Thunderbirda by mohly b\u00fdt kulturn\u011b-historicky spojeny s asijsk\u00fdmi tradicemi Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ran\u00e9ho p\u0159esunu indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f p\u0159es Beringovu \u00fa\u017einu.<\/p><p>Uvnit\u0159 americk\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch tradic je konfrontace Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka s vodn\u00edm hadem, Thunderbird versus Rohat\u00fd had, panamerickou kosmologickou konstelac\u00ed. Strukturn\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i v azt\u00e9cko-mexick\u00e9 tradici Quetzalcoatla (Quetzalcoatl jako vodn\u00ed had) a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch jihoamerick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch vodn\u00edch had\u016f (viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/yacumama-vodni-had-andy-amazonie\/\">Yacumama<\/a>). Tato panamerick\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159edstava o struktu\u0159e a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta v r\u00e1mci ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">kosmologie<\/span> Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka a vodn\u00edho hada je jednou z nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-mytologick\u00fdch strukturn\u00edch konstant americk\u00e9ho kontinentu.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1padnou paralelu ukazuje starobyl\u00e1 slovansko-baltsk\u00e1 tradice Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka. V loty\u0161sko-litevsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Souhrn tradovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f o boz\u00edch ur\u010dit\u00e9 kultury.\" tabindex=\"0\">mytologii<\/span> existuje b\u016fh hromu <em>Perkons<\/em>, kter\u00fd se p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b objevuje v pta\u010d\u00ed podob\u011b; star\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 pov\u011bsti znaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka <em>Stratima<\/em>, spojen\u00e9ho s bou\u0159\u00ed.<\/p><p>Tato struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed shoda mezi americk\u00fdmi, asijsk\u00fdmi a severov\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdmi tradicemi Hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka je religionisticko-etnologicky zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 a vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00fdch kulturn\u011b-historick\u00fdch souvislost\u00ed p\u0159es severn\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed cesty nebo p\u0159es ran\u00fd p\u0159esun p\u0159es Beringovu \u00fa\u017einu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Hromopt\u00e1k je v modern\u00ed tradici americk\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f st\u00e1le nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b \u017eiv\u00fd. U Lakot\u016f je Wakinyan \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm prvkem ob\u0159ad\u016f Slune\u010dn\u00edho tance a hled\u00e1n\u00ed vize; u n\u00e1rod\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed je heraldick\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch klan\u016f a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed modern\u00ed domorod\u00e9 um\u011bleck\u00e9 tradice (zejm\u00e9na v d\u00edlech tlingitsk\u00fdch socha\u0159\u016f Billa Reida a Roberta Davidsona).<\/p><p>U Ani\u0161in\u00e1b\u016f je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praxe Mide a soudob\u00e9 domorod\u00e9 spirituality.<\/p><p>V akademick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu popsali tradici hromopt\u00e1ka systematicky \u00c5ke Hultkrantz, James Walker, Joseph Epes Brown, tlingitsk\u00fd antropolog Sergei Kan a ani\u0161in\u00e1bsk\u00fd spisovatel Gerald Vizenor (<em>The Trickster of Liberty<\/em>, 1988).<\/p><p>Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 domorod\u00e1 spisovatelka Louise Erdrich pou\u017eila hromopt\u00e1ka v n\u011bkolika sv\u00fdch rom\u00e1nech jako symbolickou postavu domorod\u00e9 odolnosti a nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho propojen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska je hromopt\u00e1k d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem panamerick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-mytologick\u00e9 postavy, jej\u00ed\u017e struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1lost nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d r\u016fzn\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi rodinami a kulturn\u00edmi oblastmi otev\u00edr\u00e1 starou ot\u00e1zku po spole\u010dn\u00fdch prap\u016fvodn\u00edch tradic\u00edch americk\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f.<\/p><p>Specifick\u00e9 zoomorfn\u00ed zt\u011blesn\u011bn\u00ed hromu, pt\u00e1ka m\u00edsto antropomorfn\u00edho boha, je genuinn\u011b americko-domorodou teologickou konstrukc\u00ed a pat\u0159\u00ed k point\u00e1m panamerick\u00fdch d\u011bjin n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Vztah iWell Guard k tradici hromopt\u00e1ka popisuje tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z pohledu religionistiky, bez jak\u00fdchkoli slib\u016f \u00fa\u010dinku \u010di spiritu\u00e1ln\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed linie v\u00fdzkumu spojuje tradici hromopt\u00e1ka s modern\u00edmi diskurzy o klimatu. Kdy\u017e se sr\u00e1\u017ekov\u00e9 vzorce Severn\u00ed Ameriky v d\u016fsledku klimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny prom\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed, s \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi extr\u00e9mn\u00edmi jevy, torn\u00e1dy a bou\u0159emi, st\u00e1v\u00e1 se <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> hromopt\u00e1ka v domorod\u00fdch komunit\u00e1ch kulturn\u00ed ozvu\u010dnou deskou, v n\u00ed\u017e se tyto zm\u011bny n\u00e1bo\u017eensky vyjedn\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/p><p>Domorod\u00ed spisovatel\u00e9 a aktivist\u00e9 jako Winona LaDuke a Robin Wall Kimmerer (<em>Braiding Sweetgrass<\/em>, 2013) vnesli tradici hromopt\u00e1ka jako symbolick\u00fd bod odkazu domorod\u00e9 klimatick\u00e9 reflexe.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 d\u00edla v\u00fdzkumu severoamerick\u00e9ho indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed a hromopt\u00e1ka.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d7180c0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2d7180c0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp20917068 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp20917068\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hromopt\u00e1k v p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch Pl\u00e1n\u00ed: Wakinyan a Unktehi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp21fcb14d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp21fcb14d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26851dc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26851dc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>U Lakot\u016f a p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch siouxsk\u00fdch skupin je hromopt\u00e1k zn\u00e1m jako <em>Wakinyan<\/em>, v\u00fdraz odvozen\u00fd z <em>kinyan<\/em> (&#8222;l\u00e9tat&#8220;) a prvku spojen\u00e9ho se svat\u00fdm \u010di tajemn\u00fdm.<\/p><p>Wakinyan stoj\u00ed ve st\u0159edu kosmologick\u00e9ho protikladu, kter\u00fd je rozpracov\u00e1n v mnoha \u00fastn\u011b tradovan\u00fdch vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch: jsou nesmi\u0159iteln\u00fdmi nep\u0159\u00e1teli <em>Unktehi<\/em>, rohat\u00fdch vodn\u00edch monster, s\u00eddl\u00edc\u00edch v jezerech, \u0159ek\u00e1ch a podzemn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch.<\/p><p>Hrom nad Pl\u00e1n\u011bmi je v t\u011bchto vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00edch ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako v\u00fdraz trvaj\u00edc\u00edho boje mezi mocnostmi nebes a mocnostmi hlubin.<\/p><p>Etnografick\u00e9 z\u00e1pisky, kter\u00e9 James R. Walker sestavil mezi lety 1896 a 1914 na rezervaci Pine Ridge, d\u00e1vaj\u00ed t\u011bmto p\u0159edstav\u00e1m pom\u011brn\u011b hutn\u00fd obraz. Walkerovi inform\u00e1to\u0159i, mezi nimi svat\u00fd mu\u017e George Sword, popisovali Wakinyan jako bytosti s\u00eddl\u00edc\u00ed na z\u00e1pad\u011b, jejich\u017e domovem je hora a kter\u00e9 hn\u00edzd\u00ed v hn\u00edzd\u011b z vyschl\u00e9ho d\u0159eva.<\/p><p>Jejich pohled vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed blesk, m\u00e1vnut\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel hrom. P\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed Walkera je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba br\u00e1t v \u00favahu, \u017ee sv\u016fj materi\u00e1l \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b systematizoval a sna\u017eil se jej uspo\u0159\u00e1dat do souvisl\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, co\u017e ne v\u017edy odpov\u00edd\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u00ed mnohohlasosti <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bdomost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradice<\/span>.<\/p><p>V p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch se hromopt\u00e1k jev\u00ed \u010dasto ambivalentn\u011b. Je \u010dist\u00edc\u00ed silou, kter\u00e1 odstra\u0148uje z krajiny hnilobu a ne\u010distotu, z\u00e1rove\u0148 je v\u0161ak nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd a nevypo\u010ditateln\u00fd. Ten, koho zas\u00e1hne blesk nebo koho ve snu nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed Wakinyan, je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch pova\u017eov\u00e1n za povinn\u00e9ho st\u00e1t se <em>heyoka<\/em>, ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm protip\u00f3lem, jen\u017e d\u011bl\u00e1 v\u0161e obr\u00e1cen\u011b.<\/p><p>Toto spojen\u00ed mezi hromopt\u00e1kem a rol\u00ed heyoka ukazuje, \u017ee bytost byla ch\u00e1p\u00e1na nejen jako p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed s\u00edla, ale jako zdroj zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho povol\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy se objevuj\u00ed u <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/indiansti-bohove-wakan-tanka-first-nations\/\">severoamerick\u00fdch kultur<\/a> oblasti Velk\u00fdch jezer i u kmen\u016f severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp260990d3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp260990d3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp246ab7ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp246ab7ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Hromopt\u00e1k a velryba: ikonografie severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2704b64e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2704b64e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp243b7354 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp243b7354\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Zat\u00edmco p\u0159edstavy o hromopt\u00e1kovi na Pl\u00e1n\u00edch jsou siln\u011b mytologicko-narativn\u00ed, na pacifick\u00e9m severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed vystupuje tato bytost p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9m um\u011bn\u00ed a v ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p><p>U Nuu-\u010dah-nulth\u016f, Kwakwaka&#8217;wakw\u016f a sousedn\u00edch skupin je hromopt\u00e1k v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm heraldick\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159etem, kter\u00e9 se objevuje na totemov\u00fdch sloupech, pr\u016f\u010del\u00edch dom\u016f, mask\u00e1ch a ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011btech. Charakteristick\u00e9 je zobrazen\u00ed se zp\u011bt prohnut\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly, siln\u00fdm zahnut\u00fdm zob\u00e1kem a \u010dasto dv\u011bma vzty\u010den\u00fdmi pernat\u00fdmi u\u0161ima nebo rohy.<\/p><p>Opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se v\u00fdtvarn\u00fdm motivem je hromopt\u00e1k, kter\u00fd zved\u00e1 velrybu z mo\u0159e. Tato sc\u00e9na odkazuje na cyklus vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e hromopt\u00e1k vystupuje jako lovec, kter\u00fd odn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed velrybu jako svou ko\u0159ist.<\/p><p>V n\u011bkter\u00fdch tradic\u00edch Nuu-\u010dah-nulth\u016f je tento motiv spojov\u00e1n se vzpom\u00ednkou na skute\u010dn\u00e9 katastrofy. Badatel\u00e9 jako Ruth Ludwinov\u00e1 propojili vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boji hromopt\u00e1ka a velryby s historick\u00fdmi zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00edmi a tsunami pod\u00e9l subduk\u010dn\u00ed z\u00f3ny Cascadia. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b to plat\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed z roku 1700. Tento v\u00fdklad z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hypot\u00e9zou. Ukazuje v\u0161ak, jak t\u011bsn\u011b mohou b\u00fdt mytick\u00e9 obrazy propojeny s geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enost\u00ed dan\u00e9ho regionu.<\/p><p>V ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edch tanc\u00edch se hromopt\u00e1k objevuje jako maskovan\u00e1 postava, \u010dasto s pohybliv\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159i vystoupen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed do pohybu zob\u00e1k nebo k\u0159\u00eddla. Takov\u00e9 transforma\u010dn\u00ed masky se mohly b\u011bhem vystoupen\u00ed otev\u0159\u00edt a odhalit druhou tv\u00e1\u0159, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se prom\u011bnliv\u00e1 povaha bytosti st\u00e1vala viditelnou.<\/p><p>Maska pat\u0159ila k d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9mu majetku ur\u010dit\u00fdch rodin a mohly ji nosit pouze osoby k tomu opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9. Hromopt\u00e1k na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed tak nebyl pouze kosmickou moc\u00ed, ale i prvkem spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd zviditel\u0148oval hodnost, p\u016fvod a vlastnick\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b4a06af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp2b4a06af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp235d774b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp235d774b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stav pramen\u016f a historie bad\u00e1n\u00ed: Jak byl hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k tradov\u00e1n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2ecea6cf e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2ecea6cf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22cb6c2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp22cb6c2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Znalost hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka (Thunderbird) se op\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b o \u00fastn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed a vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed mezi generacemi.\" tabindex=\"0\">tradici<\/span>, kter\u00e1 byla p\u00edsemn\u011b zaznamen\u00e1na a\u017e pozd\u011b a v\u011bt\u0161inou neindi\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi pozorovateli.<\/p><p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soubory pramen\u016f vznikly v r\u00e1mci severoamerick\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem zkoum\u00e1 kultury a spole\u010dnosti.\" tabindex=\"0\">etnologie<\/span> mezi lety 1880 a 1930. Franz Boas a jeho spolupracovn\u00edci, mezi nimi George Hunt, shrom\u00e1\u017edili na severoz\u00e1padn\u00edm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 textov\u00e9 korpusy; na Pl\u00e1n\u00edch vedle Walkera p\u016fsobili tak\u00e9 zapisovatel\u00e9 jako Frances Densmore, kter\u00e1 nav\u00edc dokumentovala p\u00edsn\u011b.<\/p><p>Tento stav pramen\u016f je metodicky problematick\u00fd. Z\u00e1znamy vznikaly v obdob\u00ed masivn\u00edho kulturn\u00edho \u00fatlaku: ceremonie jako potlatch byly v Kanad\u011b po jistou dobu z\u00e1konn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny, v USA byly n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 praktiky obyvatel rezervac\u00ed potla\u010dov\u00e1ny.<\/p><p>Inform\u00e1to\u0159i tedy mluvili pod tlakem a n\u011bkdy s v\u00fdhradami. K tomu p\u0159istupuje, \u017ee p\u0159ekladatel\u00e9 a sb\u011bratel\u00e9 vn\u00e1\u0161eli do z\u00e1pis\u016f vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy; samotn\u00fd pojem &#8222;hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k&#8220; je anglick\u00fdm v\u00fdrazem, kter\u00fd pod jedn\u00edm souhrnn\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem spojuje velmi odli\u0161n\u00e9 domorod\u00e9 koncepty.<\/p><p>Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed se proto vzdalo n\u00e1roku rekonstruovat jednotn\u00fd &#8222;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Tradovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o boz\u00edch, po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch a uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.\" tabindex=\"0\">m\u00fdtus<\/span> o hromov\u00e9m pt\u00e1kovi&#8220;. M\u00edsto toho se zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o rodinu p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch, ale samostatn\u00fdch p\u0159edstav, kter\u00e9 se t\u00e1hnou od algonkinsk\u00fdch jazykov\u00fdch skupin u Velk\u00fdch jezer p\u0159es sioustk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody Pl\u00e1n\u00ed a\u017e k mluv\u010d\u00edm jazyk\u016f salish a wakash na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><p>Kde se ve star\u0161\u00edch d\u00edlech mluv\u00ed o hromov\u00e9m pt\u00e1kovi, bylo by p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hovo\u0159it o bytostech hromov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka podobn\u00fdch. Dal\u0161\u00ed badatelsk\u00fd sm\u011br zkoum\u00e1 archeologick\u00e9 souvislosti, nap\u0159\u00edklad vyobrazen\u00ed pt\u00e1k\u016f na p\u0159edm\u011btech mississippsk\u00e9 kultury, av\u0161ak kontinuitu mezi prehistorickou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Nauka o obsahu obraz\u016f a jejich v\u00fdznamu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ikonografi\u00ed<\/span> a historicky dolo\u017een\u00fdmi p\u0159edstavami nelze s jistotou prok\u00e1zat.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Aase Hultkrantz: <em>Belief and Worship in Native North America<\/em> (1981)<\/li><li>James Walker: <em>Lakota Belief and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span><\/em> (1980)<\/li><li>Joseph Epes Brown: <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em> (1953)<\/li><li>Sergei Kan: <em>Symbolic Immortality<\/em> (1989)<\/li><li>Gerald Vizenor: <em>The Trickster of Liberty<\/em> (1988)<\/li><li>John Bierhorst: <em>The Mythology of North America<\/em> (1985)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-thunderbird e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-thunderbird\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgkw2-add-thunderbird-t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgkw2-add-thunderbird-t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Thunderbird je v mnoha severoamerick\u00fdch tradic\u00edch pova\u017eov\u00e1n za <em>kosmick\u00e9ho<\/em> bou\u0159kov\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, jeho\u017e m\u00e1vnut\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 hrom a jeho\u017e pohled vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 blesk, a kter\u00fd zt\u011bles\u0148uje boj proti vodn\u00edm monstr\u016fm z hlubin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Thunderbird Wakinyan Animikii Hino Shiwanna Heyoka Underwater Panther Horned Serpent.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-thunderbird\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/indiansti-bohove-wakan-tanka-first-nations\/\">Native American<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-thunderbir-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-thunderbir-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2705,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Thunderbird hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k indi\u00e1ni","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Thunderbird \u2013 Hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k indi\u00e1n\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Thunderbird, hromov\u00fd pt\u00e1k severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1n\u016f, je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed postavou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech domorod\u00fdch americk\u00fdch 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