{"id":145459,"date":"2026-09-03T16:30:36","date_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/?page_id=145459"},"modified":"2026-09-03T16:56:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-03T16:56:33","slug":"tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"145459\" class=\"elementor elementor-145459 elementor-2587 elementor-bc-flex-widget\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-hero e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-hero\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-hl e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-hl\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-htxt e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-htxt\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-h1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-h1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek, nebesk\u00e1 bytost a osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho v tradici Lakot\u016f<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-lead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tunkasila (lakotsky <em>Thunkasila<\/em>, d\u011bde\u010dek) je uctiv\u00e9 osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho v tradici Lakot\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se stejnou m\u011brou pro <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145456\">Wakan Tanka<\/a>, pro \u010cty\u0159i praotce Nebe i pro personifikovanou referen\u010dn\u00ed osobu v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitb\u011b<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-pillc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-pillc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-pills elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-pills\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"iwg-pill-row\"><span class=\"iwg-klasse-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Tv\u016frce tradice Native American.\">Tv\u016frce<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145437\" class=\"iwg-kultur-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Mytologie tradice Native American.\">Native American<\/a><span class=\"iwg-tradition-badge\" tabindex=\"0\" data-tooltip=\"Osloven\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dka.\">Osloven\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dka<\/span><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-tocc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-tocc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-toc elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-toc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;],&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;bullets&quot;,&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Na t\\u00e9to str\\u00e1nce nebyly nalezeny \\u017e\\u00e1dn\\u00e9 nadpisy.&quot;,&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;fas fa-circle&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;,&quot;rendered_tag&quot;:&quot;&lt;svg class=\\&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-circle\\&quot; viewBox=\\&quot;0 0 512 512\\&quot; xmlns=\\&quot;http:\\\/\\\/www.w3.org\\\/2000\\\/svg\\&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=\\&quot;M256 8C119 8 8 119 8 256s111 248 248 248 248-111 248-248S393 8 256 8z\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/path&gt;&lt;\\\/svg&gt;&quot;},&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tObsah\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tunkasilag-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M207.029 381.476L12.686 187.132c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941l22.667-22.667c9.357-9.357 24.522-9.375 33.901-.04L224 284.505l154.745-154.021c9.379-9.335 24.544-9.317 33.901.04l22.667 22.667c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941L240.971 381.476c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tunkasilag-toc\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M240.971 130.524l194.343 194.343c9.373 9.373 9.373 24.569 0 33.941l-22.667 22.667c-9.357 9.357-24.522 9.375-33.901.04L224 227.495 69.255 381.516c-9.379 9.335-24.544 9.317-33.901-.04l-22.667-22.667c-9.373-9.373-9.373-24.569 0-33.941L207.03 130.525c9.372-9.373 24.568-9.373 33.941-.001z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__iwgw-tunkasilag-toc\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<svg class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin e-font-icon-svg e-eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\" viewBox=\"0 0 1000 1000\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M500 975V858C696 858 858 696 858 500S696 142 500 142 142 304 142 500H25C25 237 238 25 500 25S975 237 975 500 763 975 500 975Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-hr e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-hr\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-heroimg iwg-hero-image elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-heroimg\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel-683x1024.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2706\" alt=\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f\" srcset=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel-768x1152.webp 768w, https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s0h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s0h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Za\u0159azen\u00ed v lakotsk\u00e9m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s0c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s0t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s0t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Tunkasila nen\u00ed v n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Lakot\u016f samostatnou bytost\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e teologicky d\u016fle\u017eitou formou osloven\u00ed. Slovo <em>tunkasila<\/em> znamen\u00e1 prost\u011b <em>d\u011bde\u010dek<\/em> a v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jak pro biologick\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka, tak pro star\u0161\u00ed mu\u017ee z p\u0159\u00edbuzenstva. V n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di se toto osloven\u00ed vztahuje na Svat\u00e9 a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed tak ur\u010dit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fd vztah k n\u011bmu.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je koncept Tunkasila \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm prvkem lakotsk\u00e9 <em>p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span><\/em>. Lakotsk\u00e9 modlitby netvaruj\u00ed Svat\u00e9 jako vzd\u00e1lenou, odta\u017eitou nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed bytost, n\u00fdbr\u017e jako bl\u00edzkou osobu z rodiny, s n\u00ed\u017e je \u010dlov\u011bk v p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9m vztahu.<\/p><p>Tento prvek opakovan\u011b vyzdvihli Joseph Epes Brown, Vine Deloria Jr. a lakotsk\u00e1 teolo\u017eka Doris Leader Charge jako \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed rozd\u00edl oproti z\u00e1padn\u00ed monoteistick\u00e9 tradici.<\/p><p>Lakotsk\u00e1 modlitebn\u00ed praxe obsahuje dv\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 osloven\u00ed: <em>Tunkasila<\/em> (d\u011bde\u010dek) pro mu\u017esk\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nebesk\u00e9 bytosti, a <em>Unci<\/em> (babi\u010dka) pro \u017eensk\u00e9, zejm\u00e9na pozemsk\u00e9 bytosti (viz tak\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145461\">Spider Grandmother<\/a>). Toto dvojit\u00e9 osloven\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pohlavn\u011b bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed strukturu lakotsk\u00e9ho Svat\u00e9ho a je samostatn\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm prvkem.<\/p><p>Tradice Tunkasila stoj\u00ed v komplement\u00e1rn\u00edm vztahu k \u017eensk\u00e9 tradici <em>Unci<\/em>. Osloven\u00ed babi\u010dka plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro pozemsk\u00e9 bytosti, pro tradici pavou\u010d\u00ed babi\u010dky u z\u00e1padn\u00edch Lakot\u016f a pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u017eenskou numinozitu obecn\u011b.<\/p><p>Tato pohlavn\u011b bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed dvojit\u00e1 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm strukturn\u00edm rysem lakotsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, kter\u00fd ji odli\u0161uje od pohlavn\u011b jednotyp\u00fdch hlavn\u00edch bo\u017estev abrah\u00e1movsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Joseph Epes Brown a Severt Young Bear popsali tuto pohlavn\u00ed bipolaritu jako rovnocennou komplementaritu, nikoli jako hierarchicky uspo\u0159\u00e1danou genderovou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s1h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s1h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jm\u00e9no a etymologie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s1c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s1t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s1t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lakotsk\u00fd v\u00fdraz <em>thunkasila<\/em> se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z <em>thunka<\/em> (kmen) a <em>sila<\/em> (p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fd ukazatel pro mu\u017esk\u00e9 p\u0159edky). Doslovn\u011b to znamen\u00e1 <em>mu\u017esk\u00fd kmenov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd<\/em> nebo <em>mu\u017esk\u00fd p\u0159edek<\/em>. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed na Svat\u00e9 se t\u00edm zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159edstava mezigenera\u010dn\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 vazby: Svat\u00e9 je v\u00fd\u0161e postaven\u00fd p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd, nikoli vzd\u00e1len\u00e1 instance.<\/p><p>Lakotsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 terminologie je celkov\u011b velmi slo\u017eit\u00e1. Na rozd\u00edl od modern\u00ed americk\u00e9 angli\u010dtiny, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 pro biologick\u00e9ho d\u011bde\u010dka jen jeden v\u00fdraz, rozli\u0161uje lakot\u0161tina r\u016fzn\u00e9 pojmy pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy d\u011bde\u010dk\u016f (nap\u0159. <em>tunkasila<\/em> pro d\u011bde\u010dka z otcovy strany a <em>kakaala<\/em> pro d\u011bde\u010dka z mat\u010diny strany).<\/p><p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy <em>tunkasila<\/em> na Svat\u00e9 zobec\u0148uje vztah d\u011bde\u010dka a \u010din\u00ed z n\u011bj nadbiologickou referen\u010dn\u00ed postavu.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm je, \u017ee <em>tunkasila<\/em> se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle <em>tunkasilas<\/em> nebo <em>tunkasilapi<\/em>, co\u017e ozna\u010duje <em>d\u011bde\u010dky<\/em>. V t\u00e9to mno\u017en\u00e9 form\u011b se osloven\u00ed vztahuje zejm\u00e9na na <em>\u010cty\u0159i d\u011bde\u010dky<\/em>, \u010dty\u0159i sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e9 jako personifikovan\u00e9 wakan bytosti p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s2h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s2h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u010cty\u0159i d\u011bde\u010dkov\u00e9<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s2c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s2c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s2t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s2t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>V u\u017e\u0161\u00edm teologick\u00e9m smyslu ozna\u010duje <em>Tunka\u0161ila<\/em> (Tunkasila), respektive v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle <em>Tunka\u0161ilas<\/em>, <em>\u010cty\u0159i d\u011bdy sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran<\/em>. Jsou to: <em>Wiyohpeyata<\/em> (z\u00e1pad, hrom), <em>Waziyata<\/em> (sever, bizon, s\u00edla), <em>Wiyohinyanpata<\/em> (v\u00fdchod, b\u00edl\u00e1 labu\u0165, rozum) a <em>Itokagata<\/em> (jih, Crane, r\u016fst \u017eivota).<\/p><p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159 je p\u0159i\u0159azena barva (\u010dern\u00e1, \u010derven\u00e1, \u017elut\u00e1, b\u00edl\u00e1), zv\u00ed\u0159e wakan a ur\u010dit\u00e1 funkce v kosmick\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1du.<\/p><p>\u010cty\u0159i d\u011bdov\u00e9 jsou na po\u010d\u00e1tku ka\u017ed\u00e9ho lakotsk\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> v\u00fdslovn\u011b vz\u00fdv\u00e1ni.<\/p><p>To se d\u011bje prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm prezentace svat\u00e9 d\u00fdmky <em>chanunpa<\/em> do v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 sv\u011btov\u00fdch stran, vhazov\u00e1n\u00edm drobn\u00fdch tab\u00e1kov\u00fdch kousk\u016f do v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 sm\u011br\u016f nebo slovn\u00edm vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm pomoc\u00ed standardn\u00ed formule <em>Mitakuye Oyasin<\/em> (V\u0161em m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm), kter\u00e1 do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1lu<\/span> zahrnuje v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, viditeln\u00e9 i neviditeln\u00e9.<\/p><p>Tato struktura \u010dty\u0159 sm\u011br\u016f je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed strukturou cel\u00e9 lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>. Ur\u010duje jak <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitbu<\/span>, tak ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed topografii potn\u00ed chaty (sweat lodge), kter\u00e1 je orientov\u00e1na podle \u010dty\u0159 sm\u011br\u016f, \u010dasovou strukturu velk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f (\u010dty\u0159i dny slune\u010dn\u00edho tance, \u010dty\u0159i noci vision questu) i symbolickou strukturu l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 praxe.<\/p><p>Joseph Epes Brown podrobn\u011b popsal centr\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdznam struktury \u010dty\u0159 sm\u011br\u016f v d\u00edle <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em>.<\/p><p>Barevn\u00e1 symbolika \u010cty\u0159 d\u011bd\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed podle tradice jednotliv\u00fdch rezervac\u00ed. V nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed variant\u011b, dochovan\u00e9 v textech Black Elka, je z\u00e1pad \u010dern\u00fd, sever \u010derven\u00fd, v\u00fdchod \u017elut\u00fd a jih b\u00edl\u00fd. V jin\u00fdch lakotsk\u00fdch tradic\u00edch je z\u00e1pad \u010derven\u00fd, sever b\u00edl\u00fd, v\u00fdchod \u017elut\u00fd a jih \u010dern\u00fd.<\/p><p>Tyto region\u00e1ln\u00ed varianty byly v etnologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu opakovan\u011b zaznamen\u00e1ny a odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed genealogickou pestrost lakotsk\u00e9 tradice. James Walker dokumentoval ve Swordov\u00fdch textech vlastn\u00ed strukturu, v mnoha detailech odli\u0161nou, kterou je t\u0159eba pova\u017eovat za alternativn\u00ed hlavn\u00ed linii lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s3h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s3h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Funkce v modlitb\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s3c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s3c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s3t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s3t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Funkce osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila v lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitb\u011b<\/span> je hluboce diferencovan\u00e1. Standardn\u00ed lakotsk\u00e1 modlitebn\u00ed formule za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 slovy <em>Tunkasila Wakan Tanka, unsi unkila<\/em> (D\u011bde\u010dku, Svat\u00fd Velik\u00fd, m\u011bj s n\u00e1mi slitov\u00e1n\u00ed), \u010d\u00edm\u017e je Svat\u00e9 osloveno p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fdm osloven\u00edm.<\/p><p>Toto osloven\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed bl\u00edzkost ke Svat\u00e9mu, kter\u00e1 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed tradici odpov\u00edd\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e osloven\u00ed Otce v k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 modlitb\u011b (<em>Ot\u010de n\u00e1\u0161<\/em>).<\/p><p>Od modelu rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9ho otce se osloven\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dka li\u0161\u00ed jedn\u00edm dodate\u010dn\u00fdm prvkem: genera\u010dn\u00edm odstupem. D\u011bde\u010dek stoj\u00ed o generaci d\u00e1l ne\u017e bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed vychovatel, tedy otec; je d\u016fstojn\u00fd, mudrck\u00fd, pou\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, ale nezasahuje p\u0159\u00edmo. Tento genera\u010dn\u00ed odstup umo\u017e\u0148uje respektuj\u00edc\u00ed bl\u00edzkost bez autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmosti, kter\u00e1 je charakteristick\u00e1 pro specifick\u00e9 lad\u011bn\u00ed lakotsk\u00e9 modlitby.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm prvkem lakotsk\u00e9 modlitby je <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo vz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva nebo moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span> nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch bytost\u00ed wakan pomoc\u00ed jejich specifick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00eddomk\u016f Tunka\u0161ila: <em>Wakinyan Tunkasila<\/em> (Hromov\u00fd d\u011bde\u010dek, viz <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145465\">Thunderbird<\/a>), <em>Tatanka Tunkasila<\/em> (Bizon\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dek), <em>Inyan Tunkasila<\/em> (Kamenn\u00fd d\u011bde\u010dek). Tato mnohon\u00e1sobn\u00e1 osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee osloven\u00ed d\u011bde\u010dkem lze pru\u017en\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt na v\u0161echny v\u00fd\u0161e postaven\u00e9 bytosti wakan.<\/p><p>Formule <em>Mitakuye Oyasin<\/em>, kterou je uzav\u00edr\u00e1n ka\u017ed\u00fd lakotsk\u00fd modlitebn\u00ed akt, je centr\u00e1ln\u00edm teologick\u00fdm v\u00fdrokem. Znamen\u00e1 doslova <em>V\u0161em m\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdm<\/em> a zahrnuje do <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Slovn\u00ed obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitby<\/span> vedle lidsk\u00fdch rodinn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 wakan, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9, rostlinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a kamenn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9.<\/p><p>Toto radik\u00e1ln\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pojmu p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed na cel\u00fd kosmick\u00fd invent\u00e1\u0159 je ryze lakotskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologickou<\/span> konstrukc\u00ed a pat\u0159\u00ed k v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm rys\u016fm lakotsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s monoteistick\u00fdmi tradicemi.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s4h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s4h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed v ob\u0159adech<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s4c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s4c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s4t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s4t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila (Tunkasila) je p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v cel\u00e9m ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm procesu lakotsk\u00e9 tradice. V <em>Inipi<\/em> (potn\u00ed ch\u00fd\u0161i) je vz\u00fdv\u00e1no v\u00edcekr\u00e1t na za\u010d\u00e1tku ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze \u010dty\u0159 f\u00e1z\u00ed vytrvalostn\u00edho ob\u0159adu. V <em>Hanblechiyapi<\/em> (hled\u00e1n\u00ed vize) je st\u00e1le opakovan\u00fdm modlitebn\u00edm prvkem osam\u011bl\u00e9 bd\u011bl\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee. Ve <em>Wiwanyag Wachipi<\/em> (Slune\u010dn\u00edm tanci) je vz\u00fdv\u00e1no ka\u017ed\u00fd ze \u010dty\u0159 dn\u016f s odli\u0161n\u00fdm d\u016frazem.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm u\u017eit\u00edm je <em>Cetan Wakan<\/em>&#8211;<span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitba<\/span>, modlitba svat\u00e9ho pt\u00e1ka, v n\u00ed\u017e je Svat\u00fd pt\u00e1k (\u010dasto orel) vz\u00fdv\u00e1n jako posel mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a Tunka\u0161ilou.<\/p><p>Orel podle tradice nese lidskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Jazykov\u00e9 obr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka k bo\u017estvu.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitbu<\/span> k D\u011bde\u010dkovi na nebes\u00edch a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed zp\u011bt odpov\u011b\u010f. Tato p\u0159edstava pta\u010d\u00edho posla je spole\u010dn\u00fdm prvkem mnoha indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Ameriky a tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a svat\u00fdm.<\/p><p>V modern\u00edch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hnut\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na panindi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch (jako je hnut\u00ed American Indian Movement od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed), se osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila stalo jednou z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch modlitebn\u00edch forem severoamerick\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. \u0160iroce se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch ob\u0159adech Sun Dance, na setk\u00e1n\u00edch aktivist\u016f AIM i v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spiritualit\u011b.<\/p><p>Tradice orl\u00edho pera <em>Cetan Wakan<\/em> je podrobn\u011b p\u0159edeps\u00e1na. Posv\u00e1tn\u00e1 pera dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze ur\u010dit\u00e9 druhy orl\u016f, orel skaln\u00ed (<em>wanblee<\/em>), nikoli b\u011b\u017en\u00fd k\u00e1n\u011b. Tato pera se vym\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed pouze ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, nesm\u00ed se kupovat ani prod\u00e1vat. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ed\u00e1na <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"N\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k pevn\u011b stanoven\u00e9mu n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9mu \u00fakonu.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/span> nebo z\u00edsk\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vize.<\/p><p>Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon <em>Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act<\/em> (1940, opakovan\u011b novelizovan\u00fd) umo\u017e\u0148uje vlastnit orl\u00ed pera pro ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely v\u00fdhradn\u011b uznan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f; ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zab\u00edjen\u00ed orl\u016f je striktn\u011b regulov\u00e1no. Tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd r\u00e1mec je jedine\u010dn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem st\u00e1tn\u00edho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 religiozity v americk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s5h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s5h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ochrann\u00e1 praxe a apotropaick\u00e9 p\u016fsoben\u00ed<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s5c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s5c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s5t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s5t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ochrann\u00e1 praxe vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k Tunka\u0161ilovi je obecnou prax\u00ed lakotsk\u00e9 modlitebn\u00ed tradice. Kdo se ocitne v t\u00edsni, nemoci, ohro\u017een\u00ed nebo \u010del\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdm duch\u016fm, vz\u00fdv\u00e1 D\u011bde\u010dka, \u010dasto standardn\u00ed formul\u00ed <em>Tunkasila, unsi unkila<\/em>. D\u011bje se to kou\u0159en\u00edm svat\u00e9 d\u00fdmky, kou\u0159en\u00edm ob\u011btin z bizon\u00edho \u0161alv\u011bje nebo sladk\u00e9 tr\u00e1vy, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b prost\u00fdm slovn\u00edm vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p><p>Specifickou ochrannou prax\u00ed je ob\u0159ad <em>Naming Ceremony<\/em>, <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">ritu\u00e1l<\/span>, p\u0159i n\u011bm\u017e d\u00edt\u011b nebo dosp\u011bl\u00fd z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 svat\u00e9 lakotsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. Toto jm\u00e9no je zji\u0161t\u011bno prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vid\u011bn\u00ed nebo zku\u0161en\u00e9ho l\u00e9\u010ditele a ud\u011blov\u00e1no s podrobn\u00fdm <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Prosebn\u00e9 nebo zakl\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed bo\u017estva \u010di moci.\" tabindex=\"0\">vz\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00edm<\/span> \u010cty\u0159 Tunka\u0161il\u016f a Tunka\u0161ily-Wakan Tanky.<\/p><p>Svat\u00e9 jm\u00e9no prov\u00e1z\u00ed d\u00edt\u011b nebo dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho po cel\u00fd \u017eivot a je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ochranu p\u0159ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdmi duchy a nehodami.<\/p><p>Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou ochrannou prax\u00ed je no\u0161en\u00ed mal\u00fdch orl\u00edch per (<em>wanblee wapaha<\/em>) jako ozdoby z orl\u00edho pe\u0159\u00ed, kterou mohou nosit pouze osoby zaslou\u017eile zasv\u011bcen\u00e9.<\/p><p>Orl\u00ed pero symbolizuje spojen\u00ed s D\u011bdou na nebes\u00edch a je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u00fa\u010dinnou apotropaickou ochranu. V tradi\u010dn\u00ed lakotsk\u00e9 praxi bylo ud\u011blen\u00ed orl\u00edho pera spojeno se slo\u017eitou ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed slavnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rezerva\u010dn\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch praktikuje dodnes.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s6h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s6h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Paralely v jin\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s6t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s6t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eenskohistorick\u00fdm jevem. Strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00e9 jsou k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 osloven\u00ed <em>Ot\u010de n\u00e1\u0161<\/em> (av\u0161ak s Otcem m\u00edsto D\u011bdy), \u017eidovsk\u00e9 osloven\u00ed <em>Avinu Malkenu<\/em> (N\u00e1\u0161 Ot\u010de, N\u00e1\u0161 Kr\u00e1li) a isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 osloven\u00ed <em>Rabbana<\/em> (N\u00e1\u0161 Pane).<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 je v\u0161ak kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e1 specifika lakotsk\u00e9 tradice: osloven\u00ed se vztahuje k D\u011bdovi, a nikoli k Otci; respektuje genera\u010dn\u00ed odstup, kter\u00fd z\u00e1padn\u00edmu osloven\u00ed Otce nep\u0159\u00edslu\u0161\u00ed. Tento rozd\u00edl byl opakovan\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148ov\u00e1n Vinem Delori\u00ed Jr. jako centr\u00e1ln\u00ed prvek lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, kter\u00fd br\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9mu ztoto\u017en\u011bn\u00ed s k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdm Bohem Otcem.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci americk\u00fdch indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch tradic je osloven\u00ed D\u011bdy velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. U kmen\u016f mluv\u00edc\u00edch algonkinsk\u00fdmi jazyky se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 <em>Gitchi Manitou<\/em> (Velk\u00fd <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Net\u011blesn\u00e1 bytost, j\u00ed\u017e je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no p\u016fsoben\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b.\" tabindex=\"0\">duch<\/span>) s podobnou genera\u010dn\u011b-odstupovou konotac\u00ed.<\/p><p>U \u010cerok\u00ed\u016f, \u010coktaw\u016f, \u010cejen\u016f a Vran\u00edch Indi\u00e1n\u016f existuj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed osloven\u00ed D\u011bdy, kter\u00e1 jsou strukturn\u011b srovnateln\u00e1. Panindi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed <em>Tunka\u0161ily<\/em> v modern\u00edm panindi\u00e1nsk\u00e9m hnut\u00ed ov\u0161em specificky lakotsk\u00e9 u\u017eit\u00ed zobecnilo a \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zast\u0159elo.<\/p><p>V r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed tradice indi\u00e1n\u016f pl\u00e1n\u00ed je osloven\u00ed D\u011bdy u \u010cejen\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 podobn\u00e9. \u010cejenov\u00e9 oslovuj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho boha <em>Maheo<\/em> jako <em>Star\u00e9ho mu\u017ee<\/em> a n\u011bkdy jako <em>D\u011bdu<\/em>. U Vran\u00edch Indi\u00e1n\u016f zn\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed osloven\u00ed <em>Akbatatdia<\/em>, Svat\u00fd P\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 stoj\u00ed v konotaci D\u011bdy.<\/p><p>Strukturn\u00ed shoda t\u011bchto teologi\u00ed D\u011bdy u kmen\u016f pl\u00e1n\u00ed nazna\u010duje kulturn\u011b-historickou p\u0159\u00edbuznost, kter\u00e1 se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvinula v \u00fazk\u00fdch mezikmenov\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch oblasti pl\u00e1n\u00ed v 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s7h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s7h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 recepce a v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s7c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s7c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s7t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s7t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 lakotsk\u00e9 praxi nezlomn\u011b \u017eiv\u00e9 a b\u011b\u017en\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v rezerva\u010dn\u00edch komunit\u00e1ch i v rostouc\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 lakotsk\u00e9 diaspo\u0159e. Je jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la prvk\u016f lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, kter\u00fd se v americko-anglick\u00e9m jazykov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako <em>Grandfather<\/em>, a je tak p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd i mluv\u010d\u00edm, kte\u0159\u00ed lakotsky neum\u00ed.<\/p><p>V akademick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu tradici Tunka\u0161ila systematicky popsali Vine Deloria Jr., Joseph Epes Brown, \u00c5ke Hultkrantz, Raymond DeMallie a lakotsk\u00e1 teolo\u017eka Doris Leader Charge. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed teologick\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00fd vztah k svat\u00e9mu, byla uzn\u00e1na jako d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span> ke glob\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bjin\u00e1m n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Z religionistick\u00e9ho hlediska je osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem samostatnosti indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 religiozity v\u016f\u010di p\u0159edem dan\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm kategori\u00edm.<\/p><p>Na rozd\u00edl od zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9ho konceptu <em>Great Spirit<\/em> v popul\u00e1rn\u00ed literatu\u0159e o indi\u00e1nech, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 christianizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed lakotsk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>, zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila specificky lakotskou p\u0159\u00edbuzenskou <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologii<\/span>, kter\u00e1 si v komparativn\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 zkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed srovn\u00e1vac\u00edm zp\u016fsobem a bez vyznava\u010dsk\u00e9 vazby.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> zaslou\u017e\u00ed vlastn\u00ed pozornost. Vztah iWell Guard k lakotsk\u00e9 tradici popisuje tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed religionisticko-historicky, bez slib\u016f \u00fa\u010dinku nebo spiritu\u00e1ln\u00edch doporu\u010den\u00ed.<\/p><p>D\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd badatelsk\u00fd sm\u011br posledn\u00ed doby se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou lakotsk\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"V\u011bdeck\u00e1 nauka o Bohu a v\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\" tabindex=\"0\">teologie<\/span>. Osloven\u00ed Tunka\u0161ila je zakotveno v komplexn\u00edm lakotsk\u00e9m jazyce, jeho\u017e gramatick\u00e9 struktury (slovesn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e1 terminologie, koncepce wakan) nesou n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd obsah.<\/p><p>Pokud lakotsk\u00fd jazyk zanikne, a v d\u016fsledku \u00fabytku znalosti u mlad\u0161\u00edch generac\u00ed mu hroz\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, ztrat\u00ed se i skute\u010dn\u00e1 teologick\u00e1 hloubka tradice Tunka\u0161ila. Programy obnovy lakotsk\u00e9ho jazyka na rezerva\u010dn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch od 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed jsou proto i n\u00e1bo\u017eensko-teologick\u00fdm \u00fasil\u00edm.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s8h elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s8h\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura a prameny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s8c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s8c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-s8t elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-s8t\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011br uv\u00e1d\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 d\u00edla o n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Lakot\u016f a o srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Wissenschaft, die Religionen vergleichend und ohne Glaubensbindung erforscht.\" tabindex=\"0\">religionistice<\/span> t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se tradice Tunka\u0161ila.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp289d6f52 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp289d6f52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2d341ae1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp2d341ae1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u021fu\u014bk\u00e1\u0161ila jako osloven\u00ed v lakotsk\u00e9 modlitb\u011b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp293703eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp293703eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp225c40b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp225c40b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ozna\u010den\u00ed <em>T\u021fu\u014bk\u00e1\u0161ila<\/em>, doslova D\u011bde\u010dek, nen\u00ed v ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed Lakot\u016f ani tak vlastn\u00edm jm\u00e9nem vymezen\u00e9ho <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein als g\u00f6ttlich verehrtes Wesen innerhalb einer Religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estva<\/span>, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00factypln\u00fdm osloven\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm v <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die sprachliche Hinwendung des Menschen an eine Gottheit.\" tabindex=\"0\">modlitb\u011b<\/span>.<\/p><p>M\u016f\u017ee se vztahovat na <em>Wak\u021f\u00e1\u014b T\u021f\u00e1\u014bka<\/em>, velk\u00e9 posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed, ale i na jednotliv\u00e9 svat\u00e9 s\u00edly a na duchy p\u0159edk\u016f. Tato pohyblivost pojmu je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro jeho spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed a z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161uje n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Lakot\u016f od <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Die Gesamtheit der G\u00f6tter einer Religion oder Kultur.\" tabindex=\"0\">panteonov\u00fdch<\/span> syst\u00e9m\u016f s jasn\u011b vymezen\u00fdmi jednotliv\u00fdmi bohy.<\/p><p>V dochovan\u00fdch modlitb\u00e1ch, nap\u0159\u00edklad v textech spojovan\u00fdch se svat\u00fdm mu\u017eem Black Elkem, se osloven\u00ed T\u021fu\u014bk\u00e1\u0161ila objevuje opakovan\u011b, \u010dasto spojen\u00e9 s orientac\u00ed na \u010dty\u0159i sv\u011btov\u00e9 strany, nahoru k nebi a dol\u016f k zemi.<\/p><p>Modl\u00edc\u00ed se obrac\u00ed k D\u011bde\u010dkovi v ka\u017ed\u00e9m sm\u011bru a stav\u00ed se tak do st\u0159edu uspo\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9ho posv\u00e1tn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p><p>N\u011bmeck\u00fd p\u0159eklad jako D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe tento n\u00e1lez zjednodu\u0161uje, proto\u017ee nazna\u010duje pevn\u011b vymezen\u00e9 nebesk\u00e9 <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"Ein als g\u00f6ttlich verehrtes Wesen innerhalb einer Religion.\" tabindex=\"0\">bo\u017estvo<\/span>. V lakotsk\u00e9 tradici je rozli\u0161en\u00ed mezi D\u011bde\u010dkem Nebem a Babi\u010dkou Zem\u00ed, <em>U\u014b\u010d\u00ed Mak\u021f\u00e1<\/em>, sice b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, ale ob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed do vztahov\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se posv\u00e1tn\u00e9 nerozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na jednotliv\u00e9 postavy, n\u00fdbr\u017e je ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako p\u0159\u00edbuzensky spojen\u00fd celek. V\u011bdecky je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 \u010d\u00edst T\u021fu\u014bk\u00e1\u0161ila p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako modlitebn\u00ed osloven\u00ed a v\u00fdraz kosmologie p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed, a ne jako izolovan\u00e9ho boha nebes podle evropsk\u00e9ho vzoru.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp27df1f4e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cp27df1f4e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp22486db9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cp22486db9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Prameny: od Jamese Walkera po kritiku rann\u00fdch sb\u011bratel\u016f<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp2b8dc244 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cp2b8dc244\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cp26823363 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cp26823363\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>P\u00edsemn\u011b dochovan\u00e9 poznatky o n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch p\u0159edstav\u00e1ch Lakot\u016f, k nim\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed i \u0159e\u010d o D\u011bdovi, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti od n\u011bkolika sb\u011bratel\u016f z konce 19. a po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p><p>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z nich je James R. Walker, l\u00e9ka\u0159, kter\u00fd od roku 1896 p\u016fsobil v rezervaci Pine Ridge a po l\u00e9ta spolupracoval se svat\u00fdmi mu\u017ei, jako byli George Sword, Thomas Tyon a Little Wound.<\/p><p>Jeho z\u00e1pisky byly kriticky vyd\u00e1ny a\u017e pozd\u011bji, od 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed, d\u00edky Raymondu DeMallie a Elaine Jahner, a vy\u0161ly pod tituly jako <em>Lakota Belief and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span><\/em>.<\/p><p>Walker\u016fv materi\u00e1l je bohat\u00fd, ale ne bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd. V\u00fdpov\u011bdi sv\u00fdch inform\u00e1tor\u016f uspo\u0159\u00e1dal m\u00edsty do systematick\u00e9 stavby, kter\u00e1 hierarchii svat\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed formulovala siln\u011bji, ne\u017e jak z\u0159ejm\u011b odpov\u00eddala \u017eit\u00e9 podob\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.<\/p><p>Pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed upozornilo na to, \u017ee Walker p\u0159i tom vn\u00e1\u0161el vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o \u0159\u00e1du a \u017ee jednotliv\u00ed jeho inform\u00e1to\u0159i mu mo\u017en\u00e1 nesd\u011blili v\u0161e, nebo ne v\u0161e bez zkreslen\u00ed.<\/p><p>Druh\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm zdrojem je materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se v\u00e1\u017ee k Black Elkovi a byl zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n Johnem Neihardtem v knize <em>Black Elk Speaks<\/em> (1932) a Josephem Epesem Brownem v knize <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em> (1953). I zde je t\u0159eba zva\u017eovat zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed roli neindi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch autor\u016f. Z v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho hlediska tedy plat\u00ed: v\u00fdpov\u011bdi o T\u021fu\u014bk\u00e1\u0161ile jsou filtrov\u00e1ny \u00fazkou pramennou z\u00e1kladnou, kterou formovalo zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed a systematizace. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bad\u00e1n\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad u DeMallieho, vyzdvihuje v\u00edce vnit\u0159n\u00ed perspektivu Lakot\u016f a nab\u00e1d\u00e1 k obez\u0159etnosti v\u016f\u010di uzav\u0159en\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm ran\u00fdch sb\u011bratel\u016f.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-lit e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-lit\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-lith elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-lith\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literatura (v\u00fdb\u011br)<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-litc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-litc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-litt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-litt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><li>Joseph Epes Brown: <em>The Sacred Pipe<\/em> (1953)<\/li><li>Vine Deloria Jr.: <em>God Is Red<\/em> (1973)<\/li><li>Raymond DeMallie: <em>The Sixth Grandfather<\/em> (1984)<\/li><li>James Walker: <em>Lakota Belief and <span class=\"iwg-fachbegriff\" data-tooltip=\"\u0158\u00edzen\u00fd sled symbolick\u00fdch \u00fakon\u016f s n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm nebo kulturn\u00edm v\u00fdznamem.\" tabindex=\"0\">Ritual<\/span><\/em> (1980)<\/li><li>Aase Hultkrantz: <em>Belief and Worship in Native North America<\/em> (1981)<\/li><li>Doris Leader Charge: <em>Lakota Way of Strength and Courage<\/em> (1995)<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-kwd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-kwd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-kwdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-kwdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-kwdt elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-kwdt\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Souvisej\u00edc\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pojmy: Tunkasila Thunkasila D\u011bd Lakota \u010cty\u0159i sm\u011bry Mitakuye Oyasin.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-cc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-cc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" id=\"iwg-cc-tunkasila-grossvater-himmel\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccinner e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-ccinner\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-cch elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-cch\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">iWell Guard a ochrann\u00e9 tradice<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-cct elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-cct\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p>iWell Guard navazuje na kulturn\u011b-historickou tradici nositeln\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, v tradici <a href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145437\">Native American<\/a> a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch kultur po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. 41 vrstev, ryz\u00ed zlato, platina, st\u0159\u00edbro, vyrobeno v N\u011bmecku. 30denn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na vr\u00e1cen\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb iwg-cc-button iwg-cc-cta-2026-05-13 elementor-widget elementor-widget-jet-button\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"jet-button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-jet-button jet-elements\"><div class=\"jet-button__container\"><a class=\"jet-button__instance jet-button__instance--icon-left hover-effect-1\" href=\"\/ueber-iwell-guard\/?utm_source=iwell-guard.com&amp;utm_medium=info-box&amp;utm_campaign=wesen-tradition\"><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-normal\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__plane jet-button__plane-hover\"><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-normal\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><div class=\"jet-button__state jet-button__state-hover\"><span class=\"jet-button__label\">V\u00edce o iWell Guard<\/span><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><style>.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb .jet-button__instance{width:320px;height:56px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb .jet-button__state-normal .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#1a1b20;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb .jet-button__state-hover .jet-button__label{text-align:center;margin:0px 0px 0px 0px;color:#FECC76;font-family:Montserrat,sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:4px;line-height:1.714em;text-transform:uppercase;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb .jet-button__plane-normal{background-color:#FECC76;border-style:solid;border-color:#C99540;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}.elementor-element.elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccb .jet-button__plane-hover{background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.55);border-style:solid;border-color:#FECC76;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-ccd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-ccd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-nosnippet=\"true\"><p style=\"text-align:center;font-size:13px;opacity:0.7;margin-top:14px\" data-nosnippet=\"true\">Osobn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti se mohou li\u0161it. Nejedn\u00e1 se o zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek. Nen\u00ed slibem l\u00e9\u010div\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-disc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-disc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-iwgw-tunkasilag-discw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"iwgw-tunkasilag-discw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<footer data-nosnippet=\"true\" class=\"iwg-disclaimer-block\"><p data-nosnippet=\"true\">iWell Guard <strong>nen\u00ed zdravotnick\u00fd prost\u0159edek<\/strong> a nenahrazuje l\u00e9ka\u0159skou ani psychoterapeutickou l\u00e9\u010dbu. Religionistick\u00fd obsah p\u0159edstavuje kulturn\u011b-historick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed, nikoli doporu\u010den\u00ed duchovn\u00ed praxe.<\/p><\/footer>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2706,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"Tunkasila D\u011bde\u010dek Lakot\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_title":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe Lakot\u016f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","_yoast_wpseo_meta-robots-noindex":"","_yoast_wpseo_canonical":"","_angie_page":false,"gefaehrdungsstufe":"","wesen_kultur":"","wesen_klasse":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-145459","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.7 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe Lakot\u016f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"iWell Guard\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-03T16:56:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe Lakot\u016f\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-03T16:30:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-03T16:56:33+00:00\",\"description\":\"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp\",\"width\":1024,\"height\":1536,\"caption\":\"Bohov\u00e9 z tradice p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Start\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/?page_id=145107\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/\",\"name\":\"iWell Guard\",\"description\":\"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/05\\\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png\",\"width\":1182,\"height\":237,\"caption\":\"Ittermann electronic GmbH\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/iwell-guard.com\\\/cs\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pantip.com\\\/profile\\\/9367242\",\"https:\\\/\\\/micro.blog\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.diggerslist.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\",\"https:\\\/\\\/skitterphoto.com\\\/photographers\\\/2870314\\\/iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\\\/2026\\\/06\\\/06\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/hub.docker.com\\\/u\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.pinterest.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/bit.ly\\\/m\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\\\/profiles\\\/iwellguard\\\/activity\",\"https:\\\/\\\/gravatar.com\\\/reallybeded8fd34\",\"https:\\\/\\\/naijamatta.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.goodreads.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/experiment.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/wakelet.com\\\/@iWellGuard82270\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.chordie.com\\\/forum\\\/profile.php?id=2555664\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instapaper.com\\\/p\\\/17757966\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mapleprimes.com\\\/users\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/businesslistingplus.com\\\/profile\\\/iwell-guard\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/telegra.ph\\\/iWell-Guard-06-06\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pbase.com\\\/iwellguard\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/b.hatena.ne.jp\\\/iwellguard\\\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882\",\"https:\\\/\\\/fliphtml5.com\\\/home\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/anyflip.com\\\/homepage\\\/cmiwl#About\",\"https:\\\/\\\/transfur.com\\\/Users\\\/iwellguard\",\"http:\\\/\\\/delphi.larsbo.org\\\/user\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\\\/profiles\\\/8380803-iwell-guard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/md.chaosdorf.de\\\/s\\\/jfbe5SBdJD\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.lingvolive.com\\\/en-us\\\/profile\\\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\\\/translations\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fitday.com\\\/fitness\\\/forums\\\/members\\\/iwellguard.html\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mymeetbook.com\\\/iwellguard\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pxhere.com\\\/en\\\/photographer-me\\\/5040798\",\"https:\\\/\\\/disqus.com\\\/by\\\/iwellguard\\\/about\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pastelink.net\\\/hjwciqwq\",\"https:\\\/\\\/pubhtml5.com\\\/homepage\\\/scjhn\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.bitchute.com\\\/channel\\\/2O2eOKzNqujT\",\"https:\\\/\\\/audiomack.com\\\/iwellguard\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe Lakot\u016f","description":"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/","og_locale":"cs_CZ","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f","og_description":"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","og_url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/","og_site_name":"iWell Guard","article_modified_time":"2026-09-03T16:56:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":1536,"url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/","name":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe Lakot\u016f","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp","datePublished":"2026-09-03T16:30:36+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-03T16:56:33+00:00","description":"Tunkasila, d\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f, je osloven\u00ed Svat\u00e9ho a vztah ke Svat\u00e9mu. Religionistick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"cs","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/goetter_native-american_tunkasila-grossvater-himmel.webp","width":1024,"height":1536,"caption":"Bohov\u00e9 z tradice p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/tunkasila-dedecek-nebe-lakotu\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Start","item":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?page_id=145107"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tunkasila \u2013 D\u011bde\u010dek Nebe u Lakot\u016f"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#website","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/","name":"iWell Guard","description":"Schutz vor dunklen Einfl\u00fcssen","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"cs"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#organization","name":"Ittermann electronic GmbH","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"cs","@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Ittermann-Logo-1182x237-1.png","width":1182,"height":237,"caption":"Ittermann electronic GmbH"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/pantip.com\/profile\/9367242","https:\/\/micro.blog\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.diggerslist.com\/iwellguard\/about","https:\/\/skitterphoto.com\/photographers\/2870314\/iwell-guard","https:\/\/iwellguard.wordpress.com\/2026\/06\/06\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/hub.docker.com\/u\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.pinterest.com\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/bit.ly\/m\/iwellguard","https:\/\/entre-vos-mains.alsace.eu\/profiles\/iwellguard\/activity","https:\/\/gravatar.com\/reallybeded8fd34","https:\/\/naijamatta.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/profile.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/","https:\/\/experiment.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/wakelet.com\/@iWellGuard82270","https:\/\/www.chordie.com\/forum\/profile.php?id=2555664","https:\/\/www.instapaper.com\/p\/17757966","https:\/\/www.mapleprimes.com\/users\/iwellguard","https:\/\/businesslistingplus.com\/profile\/iwell-guard\/","https:\/\/telegra.ph\/iWell-Guard-06-06","https:\/\/pbase.com\/iwellguard\/iwellguard","https:\/\/b.hatena.ne.jp\/iwellguard\/20260607#bookmark-4788405196491818882","https:\/\/fliphtml5.com\/home\/iwellguard","https:\/\/anyflip.com\/homepage\/cmiwl#About","https:\/\/transfur.com\/Users\/iwellguard","http:\/\/delphi.larsbo.org\/user\/iwellguard","https:\/\/jobs.lajobsportal.org\/profiles\/8380803-iwell-guard","https:\/\/md.chaosdorf.de\/s\/jfbe5SBdJD","https:\/\/www.lingvolive.com\/en-us\/profile\/9ecaeaca-ce11-4e51-9e71-01d55e2bff36\/translations","https:\/\/www.fitday.com\/fitness\/forums\/members\/iwellguard.html","https:\/\/www.mymeetbook.com\/iwellguard","https:\/\/pxhere.com\/en\/photographer-me\/5040798","https:\/\/disqus.com\/by\/iwellguard\/about\/","https:\/\/pastelink.net\/hjwciqwq","https:\/\/pubhtml5.com\/homepage\/scjhn\/","https:\/\/www.bitchute.com\/channel\/2O2eOKzNqujT","https:\/\/audiomack.com\/iwellguard"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145459","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=145459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/145459\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=145459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iwell-guard.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=145459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}